Journal articles on the topic 'Spouses – history'
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LINDEMAN, S., J. KAPRIO, E. ISOMETSÄ, K. POIKOLAINEN, M. HEIKKINEN, J. HÄMÄLÄINEN, L. HAARASILTA, T. LAUKKALA, and H. ARO. "Spousal resemblance for history of major depressive episode in the previous year." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 2 (February 2002): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004780.
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Background. There is discrepancy in findings on spousal concordance for major depression. Here we report the risk of depression and its determinants in spouses of persons with or without depression, taking into account several known risk factors for major depression.Methods. A random sample of non-institutionalized Finnish individual aged 15–75 years was interviewed in the 1996 National Health Care Survey. The sample included 1708 male–female spouse pairs. Major depressive episode (MDE) during the last 12 months was assessed using the Short Form of the University of Michigan version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM-CIDI Short Form). Risk factors were assessed in the same interview.Results. Factors associating with MDE were spouse's MDE, own alcohol intoxication at least once a week and own chronic medical conditions. In addition, there was a strong association between female's current smoking and male's MDE, independently of other risk factors and spousal MDE. The association of MDE with spouses's MDE was not affected by taking into account other assessed risk factors (own or spouse's).Conclusions. The results indicate elevated spouse concordance for MDE independent of the risk factors assessed in the present study.
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GALBAUD DU FORT, G., R. C. BLAND, S. C. NEWMAN, and L. J. BOOTHROYD. "Spouse similarity for lifetime psychiatric history in the general population." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 4 (July 1998): 789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798006795.
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Background. Most studies of spouse similarity for psychiatric disorders have focused on clinical samples and are thus limited by selection bias. This study is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive investigation of spouse similarity for lifetime psychiatric history in a general population sample using standardized diagnostic criteria.Methods. We studied 519 pairs of spouses residing in Edmonton, Canada who completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule psychiatric interview. In each pair, one spouse belonged to a random subsample of persons who had participated in a large population survey and was re-interviewed. Association between spouses for lifetime DSM-III psychiatric disorders was analysed with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results. We observed significant spousal association for lifetime presence of affective disorders and for the spectrum of antisocial personality and addiction disorders. Antisocial personality in one spouse was also associated with anxiety disorders in the other spouse, namely post-traumatic stress disorder in wives and phobia in husbands; similarly, drug abuse/dependence in wives was associated with generalized anxiety in husbands and male drug abuse/dependence was associated with female post-traumatic stress disorder. Dysthymia in wives was associated with generalized anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in husbands.Conclusions. The existence of associations between spouses for the presence of psychiatric disorders, either similar or different, has significant implications for both clinicians and researchers. Future research should aim at exploring the aetiological mechanisms of these associations.
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Alam, Abubakkar, Zubair Ejaz, Muhammad Sohail, Kamran ., Sadaf Abdullah, Asfand-E.-Yar Khan, Bisma Khursheed, Inam Ullah, and Syeda Rubina Gillani. "Frequency of Occult Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Spouses of Hepatitis C Virus Positive Patients." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (April 14, 2023): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023172677.
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Hepatitis C is the major source of cirrhosis, HCC and chronic liver disease and is one of the major reasons for liver transplant and remain undiagnosed in large number of high-risk populations. Objectives: To assess the frequency of occult hepatitis C virus infection in the spouses of hepatitis C virus positive patients. Place and Duration: This Cross-sectional study was held in the Hepatitis clinic of gastroenterology ward of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 21st September 2020 till 20th March 2021 after approval from hospital ethical committee. Methods: Total 164 patients aged 20 to 60 years of both genders who were hepatitis C virus positive and whose spouses were healthy and asymptomatic were selected for this study. Frequency of occult hepatitis C infection in healthy spouse was determined. Data was analyzed and entered using SPSS 23. Results: In this analysis, total 164 patients were selected with mean age of 38.6±11.7 years. Among spouse history of previous surgery was present in 41.5%, history of blood transfusion in 47.6%, history of dental treatment in 73.2% and history of drug use in 54.9% sampled population. Frequency of occult hepatitis C infection was present in 7.3% healthy spouses. Conclusion: Hepatitis C infection is common in spouses of hepatitis C infection. All individuals presenting in OPD should be advised for spouse screening. Keywords: Occult, HCV, Intra-spousal transmission, intravenous drug use
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Kolsi, S., S. Hentati, I. Baati, and J. Masmoudi. "Spousal abuse and its determinants." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1608.
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IntroductionSpousal abuse (SA)against women, by its frequency and its consequences on the health of the victims, is a public health issue. For this reason, the role of the physician is essential not only in the care of victims but also in the study of the determinants of(SA).ObjectivesTo study the profile of women who have experienced(SA), their spouses and to evaluate the factors associated with spousal violence.MethodsAnalytical and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among married patients who consulted the National Health Fund of Sfax(CNSS) during the months of October and November 2019.The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the victims and their spouses were collected using a pre-established form.Results57.3% of the population was affected by(SA). The mean age of female victims was 48.35 years(SD=9.82). 66.7% of women had a primary school level and 69% had a median socioeconomic level. The majority (60.3%) were housewives.78.18% had a somatic history. The average age of spouses was 53.82(SD=10.87).73% had an elementary school education and 49% were workers.The spouse’s somatic history was found in 63.5% and psychiatric history in 11.11%. 39.68% of spouses had addictive behaviours. Factors correlated with (SA) were: low education levels of the wife (p=0.016) and husband (p=0.0057), history of childhood abuse of the victim (p<0.0001), addictive behaviours of the husband (p=0.008).ConclusionsIt seems that the evaluation of the characteristics of women victims of (SA) and their spouses, as well as the identification of factors associated with (SA), are essential in order to cope with this scourge and avoid its repercussions.Keywordspousal abuse-victims-determinants-profile
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ONISHI, HIDEKI, MASANARI ONOSE, SHIGEKO OKUNO, SUZU YAE, YASUHIRO MIZUNO, MIZUHO ITO, HIDEYUKI SAITO, and CHIAKI KAWANISHI. "Spouse caregivers of terminally-ill cancer patients as cancer patients: A pilot study in a palliative care unit." Palliative and Supportive Care 3, no. 2 (June 2005): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951505050157.
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Objective: It is known that families of terminally-ill cancer patients show levels of emotional and functional disruption and are called “second order patients,” however, little is actually known about the health problems of family members, especially in terms of cancer.Methods: This study reviewed the family histories of terminally-ill cancer patients in a palliative care unit and investigated cancer related health problems of the spouses of terminally-ill cancer patients.Results: We investigated the past medical history of 125 spouses of terminally-ill cancer patients and found that five spouses had a past medical history of cancer. In these five spouses, the duration of illness, present status of treatment and physical condition were reviewed from the database. Of these five spouses, three patients continued to attend an outpatient clinic regularly for checkup and one patient was hospitalized for nephrectomy. Two spouses did not have physical symptoms that made them unable to provide direct care for the terminally-ill spouses, while three could not provide care because of their own physical symptoms derived from cancer.Significance of results: Our findings indicated that some of the spouses of terminally-ill cancer patients are not only “second order patients” but also “cancer patients.” Our findings also suggest that some spouses of terminally-ill cancer patients might experience distress both as a cancer patient and as a spouse and may need care both as a cancer patient and as a spouse.
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Komura, Toshiaki, Yusuke Tsugawa, Naoki Kondo, and Kosuke Inoue. "Depression Onset After a Spouse’s Cardiovascular Event." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 4 (April 12, 2024): e244602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4602.
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ImportanceAlthough cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a known risk factor for depression, evidence is lacking regarding whether and to what extent a spouse’s CVD is associated with the subsequent mental health of individuals.ObjectiveTo examine the association between CVD onset in spouses and subsequent depression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study examined 277 142 matched married couples enrolled in the Japan Health Insurance Association health insurance program between April 2015 and March 2022, covering approximately 40% of the working-age population in Japan. Index individuals (primary insured) whose spouses (dependent) experienced incident CVD between April 2016 and March 2022 were 1:1 matched to controls whose spouses did not experience CVD. Matching was based on age, sex, income, or the onset date of the spouses’ CVD. Data analysis was conducted from April 2016 to March 2022.ExposureSpousal onset of CVD between fiscal years 2016 and 2021. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes were used to identify the composite CVD outcomes (stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction).Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between spouses’ new-onset CVD and individuals’ depression, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities of index individuals (diabetes, hypertension, and CVD) and spouses (diabetes, hypertension, and depression). Subgroup analyses were conducted according to sex, age, income levels, and history of CVD.ResultsAmong 277 142 matched pairs of married couples, 263 610 (95.1%) had a male index individual; the mean (SD) age of index individuals was 58.2 (10.2) years. A new onset of depression was observed in 4876 individuals (1.8%). In multivariable Cox models, there was an association between the spouse’s CVD and the individuals’ depression (hazard ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.07-1.20]). The subgroup analysis found no evidence of heterogeneity in sex, age, income level, or CVD history. The results were consistent when additionally adjusted for health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and use of antihypertensive drugs) and objectively measured physical health conditions (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, glucose levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) (hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.06-1.28]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nationwide cohort study of matched couples, a spouse’s onset of CVD was associated with an increased risk of an individual’s depression. These findings highlight the importance of preventive care for mental health disorders in individuals whose spouses experience incident CVD.
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Eslami, Ashraf, Mansoreh Sadat Sadeghi, and Leili Panaghi. "The moderating role of perceived attachment style in the relationship between a couple's attachment style and their level of forgiveness." Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies 3, no. 2 (2022): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.3.2.10.
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Background and purpose: attachment style is one of the effective factors in interpersonal interactions, which is formed as a result of a person's relationships with attachment figures (parents, peers, spouse) and significantly affects the performance and marital relationship. The purpose of this study was to determine the moderating role of the attachment style perceived by parents in the relationship between the couple's attachment style and the level of forgiveness in them. Methods: The research method was correlation type. The data were collected through three questionnaires - family forgiveness scale (FFS), RSQ attachment style questionnaire and attachment style scale towards each parent (Hazen and Shiver) from 200 couples living in Tehran (400 people) using multiple cluster sampling method. It was collected step by step. To analyze the data, statistical methods of correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. Results: The results obtained from the data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the attachment styles towards the spouse with self-forgiveness, with the spouse's forgiveness (P<0.001) and the perception of attachment styles from parents (P<0.001). There is. Perceived attachment styles from parents had a moderating role in the relationship between attachment style to spouse and self-forgiveness and spouse's forgiveness (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that these spouses forgive themselves and their spouses more easily. In contrast, people with ambivalent and avoidant perceived attachment style towards mother, avoidant perceived attachment style towards mother and ambivalent towards father are more difficult to forgive their spouse in marital relationship.
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Olsen, Terje Årsvoll, Elisabeth Kleppe, and Karin Anna Petersen. "A spouse in the nursing home: The conflicting experience of separation." Nordic Journal of Nursing Research 39, no. 1 (June 12, 2018): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057158518778648.
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Being the spouse of a patient in a nursing home may be a conflicting experience. This article uses life-history interviews and the understanding of Bourdieu to understand and explain the phenomena. The data consist of five life-story interviews with two women and two men. The article looks at love and marriage structures during the lifetime of the agents. We also look at the development of the nursing home from a historical perspective. The research is based on Bourdieu’s theory with the purpose of understanding and explaining the experiences of the spouse: ‘Why is the experience of having a spouse in a nursing home often conflicting?’ The ambition of praxeological optics is to objectify subjectivist and objectivist factors. The understanding is constructed as a habitus based on the trilogy of Bourdieu. In order to endure and cope with the challenges, spouses need to be strong. According to our analysis lived life expressed in attitudes and actions in marriage and at the nursing home are closely linked. ‘For better or worse, in sickness and health’, is a key element in these relations. Staff need to focus more on spouses in order to avoid conflicts both between staff and spouse and between the spouses themselves.
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D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Neil D. Gross, Sara I. Pai, Robert I. Haddad, Maura L. Gillison, and Marshall R. Posner. "Oral HPV infection in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer cases and their spouses." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2013): CRA6031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.18_suppl.cra6031.
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CRA6031 Background: Incidence of human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) is increasing, and spouses of these patients have high anxiety about their own HPV-related cancer risk. Methods: Partner study of 149 HPV-OPC and 81 of their spouse/long-term partners. Data collection included a 30-second rinse and gargle (at diagnosis and again 1 year later for 103 cases and 46 partners), computer-assisted risk factor survey, tumor collection (cases), and visual oral examination (spouses). Oral rinse samples were tested for 36 types of HPV DNA using PGMY09/11 primers and line-blot amplification, and HPV16 copy-number using real-time PCR. Results: Cases were primarily male (89%), white non-Hispanic (92%), had performed oral sex (94%), and never-smokers (51%) with a median age of 56 years. Twelve-month survival was high among never- and ever-smoking HPV-OPC (100% vs 93%, p=0.18). The 81 spouses of HPV-OPC were primarily female (81%), white non-Hispanic (92%), never-smokers (54%), with a median age of 53 years. Spouses were significantly less likely than cases to have >10 lifetime oral sex partners (11% vs 39%, p<0.001). Prevalence of any oral HPV (65%) and oral HPV16 (52%) was high among HPV-OPC at diagnosis. Four (7.7%) of 52 HPV-OPC with HPV16 DNA detectable before therapy, had HPV16 persistently detected one year after diagnosis/therapy. Prevalence of any oral HPV DNA among partners was significantly lower than among HPV-OPC (7.3% vs 65%, p<0.001). Oral HPV prevalence was significantly higher among the 7 male partners than the 74 female partners (29% vs 5%, p=0.025). Oral HPV infections among partners included HPV16 (n=2), HPV62 (n=2), HPV 83 and 51 (1 each). Both partners with oral HPV16 infections were female and no longer had oral HPV16 detected at the one year follow-up. 64% of spouses had a visual oral exam, and no pre-cancers or cancers were identified. However, two (2.5%) enrolled spouses reported a personal history of cervical cancer, and 6 HPV-HNC cases (4.0%) reported a previous spouse who developed cervical or vaginal cancer. Conclusions: Oral HPV16 DNA is common among HPV-OPC, but not among their spouses. Spouses of HPV-OPC may have an elevated risk or history of cervical cancer.
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Ladygina, V. P. "UNFAVORABLE CREDIT HISTORY AS A MOTIVE FOR CONCLUDING AMARRIAGE CONTRACT: ANALYSIS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE." Ex jure, no. 4 (2022): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2619-0648-2022-4-42-56.
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Abstract: the article is devoted to a rather narrow issue, in respect of which similar scientific research in modern civil science is not presented, – a marriage contract concluded on the grounds of an unfavorable credit history of one of the spouses as an obstacle to the consideration of spouses as co‐ borrowers under a targeted mortgage loan agreement, the object of which is the purchased residential premises. The article shows the func‐ tional purpose of the marriage contract; the inconsistency of judicial practice on the issue of invalidation of the marriage contract on the grounds of the presence of conditions in it that put one of the parties in an extremely unfavorable position, including due to the forced conclusion of the marriage contract at the request of the bank due to the unfavora‐ ble status of the credit history of one of the spouses. According to the au‐ thor, the bank's requirement to conclude a prenuptial agreement to “overcome” the unfavorable credit history of one of the spouses and, as a result, the exclusion of such a spouse from the loan obligation is one of the determinants of the increased demand for a prenuptial agreement. At the same time, such motivation is not an independent basis for recog‐ nizing a marriage contract as an imaginary transaction. As the analysis of law enforcement practice shows, a responsible attitude to contractual obligations, including obligations from the marriage contract, is not typi‐ cal for modern Russian society: the infantilism of the parties to the mar‐ riage contract remains, as well as a low level of legal culture.
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Uehara, M., and C. Kimura. "Descendant family history of atopic dermatitis." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 73, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555736263.
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Descendant family history of atopic dermatitis was examined in 270 adult patients with this skin disease and their 529 children. Of the 529 children, 316 (60%) had a history of atopic dermatitis. Boys and girls were equally affected. The prevalence of affected children was 56% (180/321) in those patients whose spouses did not have a history of both atopic dermatitis and respiratory atopy, 81% (48/59) in those patients whose spouses had a history of atopic dermatitis, and 59% (88/149) in those patients whose spouses had a history of respiratory atopy only. These results indicate that the mode of inheritance of atopic dermatitis is autosomal dominant. They also suggest that the genetic background of atopic dermatitis is not identical with that of respiratory atopy.
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Harden, Mark Evans, and Barbara A. Lindsay-Smith. "Beware, Migrating Spouses, Texas Lacks a Quasi-Community Property Statute: It Could Be a Long Cold Winter." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 3, no. 1 (October 1996): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v3.i1.4.
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This article briefly outlines the community property and common law property systems and gives a brief history of wills. Next follows a discussion of built-in protections provided spouses in the community and common law property systems. Third, this article addresses how a spouse migrating to Texas from a common law state can be effectively left without support when her property-acquiring spouse devises property the couple acquired during marriage to a third party. Fourth, this article contends that quasi-community property principles should be employed in probate contexts to provide widowed migrating, non-acquiring spouses equitable property distributions similar to the way they apply in cases of divorce in Texas and in accordance with the jurisdictions of California, Idaho, Washington, and Louisiana. Finally, this article argues the Texas Legislature should amend the Texas Probate Code and suggests proposed legislation to correct the present inequity.
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Forgey, Mary Ann, and Lee Badger. "Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Risk Factors Among Married Enlisted Female Soldiers." Violence and Victims 25, no. 1 (February 2010): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.1.45.
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A sample of 248 enlisted active duty females married to civilian spouses completed a self-report survey that asked about their own and their spouse’s violence. The survey also asked about their sex-role attitudes, marital satisfaction, alcohol use, childhood trauma, and depression. Results identified patterns of intimate partner violence and their relationship to the psychosocial risk factors. Females experiencing severe bidirectional violence were likely to be the most depressed and to have a history of child sexual abuse. Females experiencing minor bidirectional violence did not share any of the psychosocial risk factors found for severe bidirectional violence. Females perpetrating unilateral violence toward their spouses were found to be as satisfied in their marriages as nonviolent couples and less depressed than the females experiencing bidirectional violence.
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Kim, Kyungmin, Lauren Bangerter, Dawne Finnie, Joseph Gaugler, Lapid Maria, Theresa Frangiosa, and Joan Griffin. "A MIXED METHODS APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING SPOUSE AND CHILD CAREGIVERS’ EXPERIENCES OF LUCID EPISODES IN DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3143.
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Abstract Lucid episodes (LE) in people living with late-stages of dementia (PLWD) have been reported anecdotally, but less is known about how this seemingly unexpected phenomenon is experienced by family members. This study aims to examine variability in family caregivers’ experiences with LE, focusing on the two most common groups of informal caregivers, spouses and children—whether they may exhibit differential appraisals of and responses to LEs. Using a sample of former and current family caregivers from UsAgainstAlzheimer’s A-LIST, we conducted an online survey to spouse and child caregivers (N = 387). Qualitative semi-structured interviews were also conducted with a subset of these caregivers who have witnessed an LE (n = 22). Survey results indicate that child caregivers were more likely to witness a LE. Among “former” caregivers who have witnessed a LE (n = 140), spouses were likely to appraise LEs more negatively and make changes in care decisions (i.e., end-of-life planning and financial decisions) after LE, compared to child caregivers. Among “current” caregivers who have witnessed a LE (n = 80), spouses were more likely to indicate no special circumstances prior to LE, whereas children were more likely to indicate LEs associated with visits from friends and family; there was no difference in positive and negative appraisals of LE between current spouse and child caregivers. Content analysis of qualitative interviews revealed that observed differences between spouses and children were related to their different caregiving contexts, such as relationship history, living arrangement, expectations/motivation, and care resources.
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Hertz, Rosanna, and Anne-Marie Ambert. "Ex-Spouses and New Spouses: A Study of Relationships." Social Forces 71, no. 1 (September 1992): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580003.
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Ahmedi, MSc Sulejman. "Dissolution of Marriage According to Canon Law." ILIRIA International Review 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v3i2.126.
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In the Canon law, dissolution of marriage is not allowed since it was considered sacred and as such cannot break until the two spouses are alive, except only if one of the spouses passes away. But throughout history we find cases when allowed dissolution of the marriage and causes specific conditions set by the church. Thus, according to the Old Testament, if, a man married to a woman, didn’t like something about his wife, should write a request for divorce and allow her to leave his home. Meanwhile according to the New Testament records, divorce is prohibited. Although most Protestants continue to espouse the view that marriage was sacred and as such should not be divorced, from those who had supported the idea of granting the divorce. One of them was Luther, who in his remarks before his preachers said: "In my opinion, the issue of divorce belongs to the law, are not they to whom called for regulation of parental relationships, why not have they the authority to regulate the relations between spouses". Protestant churches allow the dissolution of marriage:a) Because of adultery by the wife; allowed by Jesus,b) Unjustified abandonment of the marital community;c) If there were other reasons: if one spouse refuses to have sexual marriage, if the husband abuses his wife repeatedly and without cause, severe illness of one spouse.
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ONDER, Halil, Ersin Kasim ULUSOY, Caner BAYDAR, Mustafa KIRAZ, Muhammet Okay ORUN, Zehra KILIÇARSLAN, Merve BASOL, and Aygul TANTIK. "Depression, anxiety levels and sleep quality indexes among the spouses of people with epilepsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 79, no. 5 (May 2021): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0207.
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ABSTRACT Background: Psychiatric problems and sleep disturbances are comorbidities that are frequently encountered among people with epilepsy. However, their presence among the spouses of peoples with epilepsy remains to be elucidated. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the spouses of people with epilepsy (PWE), with and without a history of seizures during sleep, in terms of depression, anxiety and sleep quality. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in three groups of 18 to 65-year-olds. Group 1 consisted of healthy spouses of 127 healthy volunteers without any known neurological disease; group 2 comprised spouses of 63 PWE who had no history of seizure during sleep; and group 3 consisted of spouses of 63 PWE who had a history of at least one seizure during sleep in the course of the previous year. Questionnaires seeking demographic data and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied to all participants. Results: The depression scores of the group of spouses of PWE were higher than those of the control group and were higher in group 3 than in group 2 (p = 0.017). The anxiety scores of the group of spouses of PWE were significantly higher than those of the control group, but no difference in anxiety scores was found between group 2 and group 3 (p = 0.170). The mean PSQI score of group 3 was higher than that of group 2 (p = 0.029). However, regression analyses did not show any difference between these groups. Conclusion: We found that the PSQI scores, which reflected sleep quality, were higher among the spouses of PWE who had seizures during sleep and who had more severe epilepsy.
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MURRAY, JOANNA, and GILL LIVINGSTON. "A qualitative study of adjustment to caring for an older spouse with psychiatric illness." Ageing and Society 18, no. 6 (November 1998): 659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x98007120.
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An understanding of ways in which older carers' perceptions of their marital relationship and duty to their spouse underlie adjustment to care-giving is required for the development of acceptable and efficacious services for spouse carers. With this aim we conducted qualitative interviews with 20 spouses of older people with a mental illness identified in a representative community study. While carers acknowledged distressing changes in their spouse, a history of reciprocity and intimacy emerged, comprising positive themes and perceived continuity which favourably influenced adjustment to care-giving. Those who still experience closeness in the relationship see themselves as coping and are reluctant to accept formal help. Others describe long-term unhappiness in marriage and experience feelings of entrapment in the role of carer. They require early and comprehensive services. Hypotheses regarding these themes are proposed.
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Ekici, M., E. Bilgin, E. Unaldi, F. Gülbahçe İncesu, L. Kiliç, and U. Kalyoncu. "AB1012 AN INCREASED FREQUENCY OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS HAS BEEN FOUND IN THE SPOUSES OF SPONDYLOARTHRITIS/ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS PATIENTS: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1727.2–1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3255.
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BackgroundIt is known that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA). [1] It can be thought that spouses living in the same house are exposed to similar environmental factors.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether common living space increases the frequency of SpA development in unrelated spouses of SpA patients.MethodsBetween November 2021 and June 2022, 680 SpA patients who applied to the Hacettepe University rheumatology outpatient clinic were included. Patients were divided into ankylosing spondylitis (AS), non-radiographic SpA, and peripheral SpA. The patients were asked whether their spouses had SpA, and if they had SpA diagnosis, they were called to the outpatient clinic, and their diagnosis was confirmed. The family history of the patients and their use of bDMARDs were also noted. It was also checked whether the patients whose spouses had SpA findings fulfilled the AS criteria.Results680 SpA patients were evaluated. There were 582(85.6%) AS, 72(10.6%) nr AxSpA, and 26 only peripheral SpA (3.8%). 49.4% of the patients were male, and the mean age was 45.6 (10.4). The mean follow-up period of the patients was 10.6 (7.9) years. Of all patients, 468 (55.1%) were using a bDMARD at the time of evaluation. 12 SpA patients stated that their spouses had SpA. In the review of these patients, it was found that four patients did not have SpA, and one of them had PsA. Spouses of patients with nr AxSpA and peripheral SpA did not have AS/SpA AS was detected in the spouses of 7 patients. The incidence of AS in the entire SpA patient group was calculated as 7/695 (1.01% (0.4-2.1)). The incidence of AS in spouses of AS patients are 7/582 (1.20% (0.5-2.5)) calculated. 2 of 7 wives were cousins’ children. The incidence of AS in unrelated spouses of AS patients are 5/580 (0.86% (0.3-2)). Only one of the spouses with AS knew her spouse’s diagnosis at the time of marriage, while the other six were diagnosed after marriage. The median time for these patients to be diagnosed after marriage is 22 (7-32) years.ConclusionIn the Turkish population, the frequency of AS was 0.49%, and the frequency of SpA was 1.05%. [2] The incidence of AS in the spouses of SpA patients has increased approximately two times compared to the average Turkish population. A 2.4-fold increased risk was found in AS patients. This situation may be related to environmental factors that play a role in the pathogenesis of SpA disease. However, the fact that half of the patients were using bDMARDs suggests that they were analyzed in the group with the potential for more severe disease. The results require confirmation in more extensive studies.References[1]Hwang, M.C., L. Ridley, and J.D. Reveille,Ankylosing spondylitis risk factors: a systematic literature review.Clinical Rheumatology, 2021.40(8): p. 3079-3093.[2]Onen, F., et al.,Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and related spondyloarthritides in an urban area of Izmir, Turkey.The Journal of rheumatology, 2008.35(2): p. 305-309.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Billig, Michael S. "The Marriage Squeeze on High-Caste Rajasthani Women." Journal of Asian Studies 50, no. 2 (May 1991): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057211.
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Rajasthan, a large, arid state in northwestern India, is widely known to have an excess of males over females. When we consider how such a high sex ratio usually affects the relative availability of potential spouses (i.e., the marriage market), it seems logical that the scarcity of females would generate a “marriage squeeze”— an asymmetry in the availability of potential spouses—against males and thereby give females an advantage in the marriage market. It would be ironic if the “culture against females” (Miller 1981:15) that characterizes Rajasthan had the unexpected side effect of granting females the competitive edge in choosing spouses and forcing males into marriages based on compromise.
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Langrognet, Fabrice. "Geodesic Distance as Metric of Cross-Group Networks in Migration History." Journal of Migration History 6, no. 3 (October 8, 2020): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00603006.
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Abstract This article is based on a longitudinal study of migrants living in a tenement block of the Paris area during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It argues that the geodesic distance between spouses’ and witnesses’ exact birthplaces, which are easier to retrieve than ever before, is a valuable metric for a quantitative analysis of marriages and friendships, with a view to assessing the salience of ethnicity. In that particular case, the analysis results in a general exogamy increase over time, which only partially corresponds to a greater demographic diversity. It also suggests that if and when identifications based on origin were given relevance in people’s affinities, local solidarity was generally more operative than a broadly conceived ethnicity. However, differences emerge between various groups of inhabitants. When looking out of their micro-community, only the Spanish occupants seemed inclined to choose a spouse or a witness among their fellow nationals over someone from another origin entirely.
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Liao, Tim Futing, and Gillian Stevens. "Spouses, Homogamy, and Social Networks." Social Forces 73, no. 2 (December 1994): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579826.
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Liao, T. F., and G. Stevens. "Spouses, Homogamy, and Social Networks." Social Forces 73, no. 2 (December 1, 1994): 693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/73.2.693.
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Kranz, Dani. "Quasi-ethnic capital vs. quasi-citizenship capital: Access to Israeli citizenship." Migration Letters 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2016): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v13i1.264.
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Israel defines itself as a Jewish state by way of ideology, policy, and constitutionality. Jewish immigration is encouraged, and rewarded with direct access to Israeli citizenship for olim (Jewish immigrants) and their immediate family. The legal situation for foreign, non-Jewish partners, and spouses of Israeli Jewish citizens is different: these non-Jewish immigrants can potentially access Israeli citizenship through the Nationality Law. These different inroads into Israeli citizenship for both groups must be seen in connection to diasporic Jewish history, Israeli history, the country’s geopolitical situation, as well as attitudes toward intermarriage. In practice this means that the incorporation of non-Jewish spouses of olim is a compromise to bolster Jewish immigration, while the problems of incorporating the partners/spouses of Israeli Jewish citizens stem from (historic and current) negative attitudes toward intermarriage, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, and labour migration, all of which ramify into the issue of family reunion for all Israeli citizens.
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De Bruin, Renger Evert. "The commanders’ spouses. The marriages of the Utrecht Teutonic Knights, 1640–1940." Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica 28 (December 30, 2023): 131–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/om.2023.006.
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In 1640 the Bailiwick of Utrecht abolished the obligation of celibacy, as a continuation of the Protestantisation process that had started 25 years earlier. After this decision, half of the sitting members married. Most of the knights who joined after 1640 were married. The paper analyses data collected on 221 marriages over three centuries. Most of these marriages fit the Western European Marriage Pattern: entered into by mature people, generally of their own free will, but in good consultation with the family (marriage by consent). The age difference between the partners was usually not very large. Very young brides were rare, mainly restricted to the circles of German princes, who knew arranged marriages. The spouses usually came from the same milieu, but certainly not always. As noble girls, the brides had received an education aimed at finding a suitable spouse, after which they could play a role as a mother, manager of the household and pivot in the social network. The knights formed their own households, with their children, no longer living in the commanderies. Until the nineteenth century a substantial part of the offspring died young. The effects of medical developments in the nineteenth century, which reduced child and maternal mortality, are visible in the data set.
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Makhnoon, Sukh, Robert Yu, Susan K. Peterson, and Sanjay Shete. "Clinical Cancer and Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Test Result-Sharing Behavior: Findings from HINTS 2020." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010018.
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Introduction: Sharing genetic test results with different stakeholders such as family members, healthcare providers and genetic counselors (HCP/GCs), spouses/partners, and friends is a health behavior of clinical importance in genomic medicine. Methods: Using nationally representative population-based data collected from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, cycle 4), we identified the prevalence and factors associated with genetic test result-sharing behavior for high-risk cancer tests, genetic health risk tests, and ancestry tests within four groups: HCP/GCs, first-degree relatives (FDRs), spouse/partner, and friend/other. Results: Overall, 68.4% of those who underwent high-risk cancer genetic testing shared their results with FDRs, whereas 89.9% shared with HCP/GCs. In adjusted multivariable analyses, women were nine times more likely than men to share (p = 0.006), and those with a personal history of cancer were less likely to share with HCP/GCs (OR = 0.025, p ≤ 0.001). Of those tested for genetic health risk, 66.5% shared with HCP/GCs, 38.7% with FDRs, 66.6% with a spouse/partner, 12.8% with a friend, and 14.1% did not share results with anyone. Of those who underwent ancestry testing, very few shared results with HCP/GCs (2.6%), whereas modest sharing was reported with FDRs, spouses/partners, and friends. Discussion: These data add empirical evidence about the population prevalence of genetic information sharing and serve as a metric for public engagement with genetic testing.
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Ryabov, Igor, and Yuanting Zhang. "Entry and Stability of Cross-National Marriages in the United States." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 18 (July 10, 2019): 2687–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19860186.
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As more and more people move across borders, marriage is becoming an increasingly global affair. Yet cross-national marriage (CNM) migration has not received the scholarly attention it deserves. The present study examines the characteristics and marital stability of unions between U.S. nationals and their foreign-born (FB) spouses residing in the United States. Two data sources were used in the analysis—the American Community Survey (ACS) and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Our results indicated that, after controlling for race/ethnicity, socioeconomic background and marital history, marriages between U.S. nationals and their FB spouses who entered the United States as adults were less stable than unions between two native-born (NB) spouses. Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, Asian and Hispanic U.S. nationals were more prone to marry FB spouses. We also found that husband NB–wife FB marriages seemed to fare better than wife NB–husband FB types.
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VAN DEN HEUVEL, DANIELLE. "Partners in marriage and business? Guilds and the family economy in urban food markets in the Dutch Republic." Continuity and Change 23, no. 2 (August 2008): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416008006760.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines spousal cooperation in the early modern Dutch food markets. It shows that although husband and wife business partnerships were very common in market-based retailing, great differences existed in the way spouses worked together. Most urban retail trades were guild-organized and the guilds therefore had a significant influence on the family economy. Guild policy was, however, very flexible and responded to local economic circumstances. It appears that the size and the organization of the markets were crucial in shaping the roles of the men and women who held stalls. Processes of commercialization generally benefited independent female entrepreneurship over the more traditional husband and wife partnerships.
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Russell, MB, K. Fenger, and J. Olesen. "The Family History of Migraine. Direct Versus Indirect Information." Cephalalgia 16, no. 3 (May 1996): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1603156.x.
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Migraine assessed by proband report was evaluated in a family study of migraine. A clinical interview of spouses and first-degree relatives by a physician was used as an index of validity. The operational diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society were used. Of the 378 probands from the general population, 126 had migraine without aura, 127 had migraine with aura, 17 had both migraine without aura and migraine with aura and 108 had never had migraine. Spouses ( n = 229) and first-degree relatives ( n = 1109) were included in the analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and chance-corrected agreement rate for the diagnosis of migraine were 49%, 93%, 81% (PVpos), 77% (PVneg) and 0.47, respectively. The corresponding values for migraine without aura were 58%, 87%, 63% (PVpos), 84% (PVneg) and 0.46 respectively, while the values for migraine with aura were 52%, 88%, 61%, (PVpos), 83%, (PVneg) and 0.42, respectively. Migraine assessed by proband report is not satisfactory for diagnosing migraine in relatives, since the number of affected relatives is highly underestimated. Our results emphasize the necessity of a clinical interview of the relatives in family studies of migraine.
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Al-Faris, Heba, Huda Al-Faris, Eiad Al-Faris, Naeem Naghma, Amr Jamal, Aljoharah Mohammed AlQuaiz, Rasha Al-Thebaity, et al. "A history of childhood maltreatment among spouses predicts violence against women." Annals of Saudi Medicine 33, no. 6 (November 2013): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2013.595.
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Kaiser, Daniel H. "Pomest’e prozhitki: Muscovite Patriarchy on the Ground." Russian History 42, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04201008.
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Study of maintenance allotments indicates that, so long as the so-called patriarchal bargain endured, the Muscovite state accepted the responsibility of providing for servitors’ dependents, just as patriarchal discourse demanded that husbands provide for spouses.
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McMahon, Stephanie Hunter. "To Save State Residents: States' Use of Community Property for Federal Tax Reduction, 1939–1947." Law and History Review 27, no. 3 (2009): 585–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000003916.
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In 1939, at the end of almost two decades of statewide want and despair, Oklahoma adopted the community property system “to save state residents on their federal income tax.” Between 1939 and 1947, Oklahoma and four other states openly and unabashedly exploited the Supreme Court's creation of what amounted to a tax loophole for the nation's wealthy; several more states seriously considered doing the same. In 1930, the Court had ruled that the community marital property regime of eight western states permitted their married couples to split family income between spouses, so that each spouse reported half of that income for federal income tax purposes. As a result of the federal government's progressive income tax bracket structure, in most cases this split meant that more of the family's income would be taxed in lower tax brackets. Thus, a property regime that was purely a creation of state law had the effect of reducing residents' federal tax obligations.
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Casterline, John B., Lindy Williams, and Peter McDonald. "The Age Difference Between Spouses: Variations among Developing Countries." Population Studies 40, no. 3 (November 1, 1986): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000142296.
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Lapaeva, A. V. "On the History of the Marriage Contract in Domestic and Foreign Legislation." Pravo istoriya i sovremennost, no. 4(17) (2021): 030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/pravo.2021.04.pp.030-037.
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The genesis of the marriage contract in domestic and foreign legislation is studied. The main stages of the emergence and development of the marriage contract in various countries are outlined. A parallel is drawn between national and international family law in historical retrospect. The article analyzes the procedure and conditions for concluding a marriage contract in various countries. It is proved that the marriage contract is the optimal tool in protecting the property rights and interests of married persons. It is established that the marriage contract is not new for Russian law; it has a fairly long, centuries-old history. According to the evidence of preserved legal documents, until 1917, the marriage contract was a familiar and convenient legal instrument for protecting the rights and legitimate interests of spouses. In modern Russian law, the legislator tried to take into account not only the peculiarities of the historical formation of the institution of the marriage contract in Russia, but also the experience of foreign legislation, giving the spouses the right to establish the regime of marital property at their discretion.
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Brée, Sandra. "Re-reading the history of divorces in terms of territories (France, 1884-1913)." Quetelet Journal 8, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): 103–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/rqj2020.08.01.04.
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This paper proposes a re-reading of the history of divorces from the re-establishment of divorce in France in 1884 until the eve of the First World War, by distinguishing three major territories: the urban population, the rural population and the Department of the Seine. To refine the analysis, we will add data distinguishing Paris from its suburbs, within the Seine Department. The interest of the analysis, beyond measuring the level of divorces in these territories, is to answer the question of the homogenisation of divorce behaviour between 1884 and 1913. The available sources also provide details on divorces, which are generally unavailable outside the national level, such as which spouse obtained the divorce, the reason for the divorce, the length of the marriage, the age and age difference between the two spouses, and the number of children of divorced couples. In addition to measuring the levels of divorces in these territories, the aim will therefore be to find out whether the characteristics of divorces are the same in the urban and rural populations and in the Seine Department and, if not, to try to understand why they diverge.
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Yoo, Hyeji, Sukhee Ahn, Seyeon Park, Jisoon Kim, Jiwon Oh, and Minseon Koh. "Factors influencing prenatal and postpartum depression in Korea: a prospective cohort study." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 27, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2021.11.17.
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Purpose: This study explored the prevalence of prenatal and postpartum depression and its influencing factors from 20 weeks of pregnancy to 12 weeks postpartum. Methods: Using a prospective cohort study design, data on women’s depression and its influencing factors were collected at 20, 28, and 36 weeks of pregnancy and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postpartum. The subjects were 219 prenatal pregnant women and 181 spouses during pregnancy and 183 postpartum mothers and 130 spouses after childbirth. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and influencing factors were measured by the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised, parity, and spousal depression. Results: The prevalence of maternal depression was 10.5% to 21.5% before birth, and it was 22.4% to 32.8% postpartum. The prevalence slightly decreased during the prenatal period but peaked at 2 weeks postpartum. Antenatal depression was influenced by low socioeconomic status, lower self-esteem, having experienced prenatal depression, having experienced prenatal anxiety, a previous history of depression, lower social support, lower marital satisfaction, and higher life stress. The factors influencing postpartum depression were lower self-esteem, having experienced prenatal depression, having experienced prenatal anxiety, lower social support, lower marital satisfaction, and higher life stress, as well as infant temperament and maternal blues. Parity and spousal depression had no impacts. Conclusion: The prevalence and influencing factors of maternal depression changed over time. Nurses need to screen women accordingly during the perinatal period and should provide education or counseling to prevent depression and promote adjustment to parenthood.
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Kalikuljaman, Nazeera Fatimah, Zuhra Hamzah, Hizlinda Tohid, Noor Azimah Muhammad, Syahnaz Mohd Hashim, and Rahmah Kamaludin. "Psychological morbidities among spouses of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and erectile dysfunction in a primary care setting." Malaysian Family Physician 18 (July 25, 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51866/oa.333.
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Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) negatively affects patients’ emotions. However, its effect on spouses’ psychological well-being remains largely unknown. This study aimed to examine psychological morbidities and their associated factors among spouses of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ED. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 115 women recruited through their husbands who were patients at a selected government health clinic in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire containing the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and items on health-related information, marital history, sexual history and perception of husband’s ED was used to assess possible depression, anxiety and stress. Results: The prevalence of psychological morbidities was 28.7% (depression=17.4%, anxiety=25.2% and stress=10.4%). Most respondents were middle-aged [median (interquartile range)=44.0 (11.0) years], were employed (55.7%) and had a low income (81.7%). About 47.0% of the spouses had a medical problem. The mean marriage duration was 18.7 (standard deviation=7.9) years. Almost all (90.4%) had sexual intercourse (SI) within the previous month. The majority had moderate-to-high interest in SI (72.2%) with a frequency of one to two times per week (69.6%). The majority (75.7%) did not perceive their husband as having ED. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that medical illness was significantly associated with anxiety (adjusted odds ratio=2.85, 95% confidence interval=1.11–7.29, P=0.029). Conclusion: Psychological morbidities were present among the spouses of men with T2DM and ED. Psychological well-being was significantly affected by their medical illness. Despite their husband’s ED, the women declared to have regular sexual relationships and did not perceive their husband as having erectile problems.
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Shah, Vishal, Prakash Behere, K. Mishra, Animesh Sharma, and Kanika Kumar. "Psychiatric Morbidity among Spouses of Men with Alcohol Dependence." International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences 03, no. 01 (June 2017): 010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10053-0030.
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Abstract Objective: To assess the common mental disorders among spouses of men with alcohol dependence and to compare common mental disorders among spouses of alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Study design: This was a cross-sectional controlled study. We evaluated 50 cases (including the indoor and outdoor patients) whose husbands were diagnosed as having alcohol dependence and 50 controls whose husbands had no alcohol dependence but some other illness, admitted to our rural medical college using the global mental health assessment tool-primary care (GMHAT-PC) version including the sociodemographic profile sheet and history of patient's illness. Results: Anxiety (16%) and depression (36%) were higher in wives of alcohol-dependent men. Stress was higher (6%) in cases as compared with controls (4%). When comparing diagnosis and age-wise distribution, depression was higher in cases (28%) as compared with controls (14%) in age group of 31 to 40. There were 23 (46%) out of 50 spouses of men with alcohol dependence syndrome, whose diagnosis by GMHAT-PC came out as no mental illness; still they had some score in the anxiety rating, but this score was not enough for them to be diagnosed under anxiety disorder. Even in controls, anxiety score to a certain extent was present in 26% spouses. The GMHAT-PC self-harm scoring system was used to assess the risk of self-harm. It was found that three (6%) spouses had mild suicidal risk and one (2%) had severe suicidal risk, whereas in controls, it was absent. Conclusion: Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of committing criminal offences. An alcoholic can disrupt the routine family life. The women are primary caregivers in most of these cases. Therefore, understanding mental health status of spouses of alcoholics is of utmost importance. It can help in early detection of psychiatric morbidities and help in early intervention.
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Coppersmith, J. "(336) Depressive history and catastrophizing in chronic pain patients and their spouses." Journal of Pain 9, no. 4 (April 2008): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.01.259.
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Belosludtseva, V. V. "«HOW CAN I MARRY YOU WHEN I AM MARRIED?» DIVORCE IN PERM PROVINCE IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(51) (2020): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-4-117-126.
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The article discusses the problems of divorce in the Perm province in the late 19th − early 20th centuries. The author describes the causes and dynamics of divorces, analyzes the divorce cases of representatives of the philistine estate in Perm and reveals the difficulties faced by spouses who wanted to end family relationships. In the 19th − early 20th centuries, matters of marriage and family were related to the church department, which by all means tried to limit divorces. It was assumed that marriages should be maintained throughout life and only death could separate the spouses. A formal divorce could be made by a formal spiritual court at the suit of one of the spouses in the presence of strictly regulated reasons, which were few. Although the process of divorce was as complicated as possible, the number of divorces was slowly but steadily growing. The process became especially noticeable after 1905. Divorce proceedings in the Perm province in the late 19th − early 20th centuries were largely similar to the processes taking place in the Russian Empire as a whole, but there were some features. In particular, in the province, the percentage of divorces due to adultery was slightly lower in the period after the revolution of 1905, but the percentage of divorces because of the reference to hard labor in Siberia and the unknown absence of one of the spouses was higher. Adultery was almost the only reason for divorce among Perm bourgeoisie; the rest were extremely rare and did not significantly affect the demographic parameters of the family.
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Goebel, Michael. "Spokesmen, Spies, and Spouses: Anticolonialism, Surveillance, and Intimacy in Interwar France." Journal of Modern History 91, no. 2 (June 2019): 380–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703145.
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Stalans, Loretta J., and Arthur J. Lurigio. "Public Preferences for the Court's Handling of Domestic Violence Situations." Crime & Delinquency 41, no. 4 (October 1995): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128795041004002.
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This article examines public opinion about court dispositions in domestic violence cases. Adult residents in Georgia were asked to respond to short scenarios involving their spouses and intimate partners. The scenarios were varied on three factors: the intentionality of harm, the presence of injury, and a history of injury in previous domestic disputes. Participants preferred dismissal when, according to the scenario, their spouses acted unintentionally and when they did not receive injuries in the current dispute. Women and men preferred counseling significantly more than they wanted jail or probation. Also, women preferred jail and counseling more than men. The most preferred disposition overall was court-ordered mediation.
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Laakso, Johanna, Tytti Vuorinen, Jaana Rautava, Katja Kero, Stina Syrjänen, and Veijo Hukkanen. "Herpes Simplex Virus Seroprevalence among Pregnant Finnish Women and Their Spouses—A Six-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081506.
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The aim was to evaluate the herpes simplex virus (HSV) seroprevalence and seroconversion among 285 pregnant women and their 120 male spouses in Finland during a six-year follow-up (FU) between 1998–2008. We also studied the effect of sexual habits, pregnancy, and other demographic factors on the acquisition of HSV infection. Combined HSV-1 and HSV-2-IgG antibodies were assessed in the first baseline serum samples with an indirect enzyme immunoassay method. The individuals with seronegative or borderline HSV serology at baseline were additionally tested using their latest FU serum sample available. The overall HSV seroprevalence during the FU was 58.9% (168/285) among the women and 53.3% (64/120) among their spouses. The seroconversion rate was 11.4% (15/132) and 12.5% (8/64) among women and their spouses, respectively. Both spouses were HSV seropositive in 39.2% (47/120). To determine the HSV-2 seroprevalence, we also tested all HSV-seropositive participants using HSV-2-specific antigen. HSV-2 seropositivity was detected in 10.9% (44/405) of the participants. The age (p = 0.006) and history of genital warts (p = 0.006) of the women were associated with combined HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 seropositivity, while a younger age was related to HSV seroconversion (p = 0.023). Among the male spouses, HSV seropositivity was associated with the practice of oral sex (p = 0.033). To conclude, women of childbearing age acquire primary HSV infections and the presence of HSV in oral epithelium is common among HSV-seropositive individuals.
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Lazare, Jodi. "Spousal Support in Quebec: Resisting the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines." Les Cahiers de droit 59, no. 4 (January 9, 2019): 929–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055260ar.
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Since 2005, the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines have become an essential part of the practice of family law throughout Canada. Aimed at structuring discretionary spousal support determinations under the Divorce Act and increasing the fairness of awards, the Advisory Guidelines have been embraced by appellate courts across jurisdictions. Quebec is the exception to that trend. Despite that marriage and divorce fall under federal jurisdiction, Quebec courts resist the application of these non-binding rules, written by two family law scholars. This article responds to Quebec’s resistance to the Advisory Guidelines and suggests that concerns about them may be misplaced. By reviewing the history of Quebec’s legislative approach to married spouses, it suggests that antipathy toward the Advisory Guidelines, based on their failure to reflect Quebec matrimonial law, is misguided. Rather, judicial approaches in Quebec based on autonomy and economic independence fail to reflect the reality of both the provincial and federal legislative landscapes respecting marriage and divorce.
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Duan, Song, Yingying Ding, Yuecheng Yang, Lin Lu, Jiangping Sun, Ning Wang, Lu Wang, et al. "Prevalence and correlates of HIV discordance and concordance among Chinese - Burmese mixed couples in the Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province, China." Sexual Health 9, no. 5 (2012): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12065.
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Background Many people from Burma have migrated to Dehong prefecture and married local residents during the past decades; however, little is known about HIV risk-taking behaviours and HIV prevalence among these mixed couples. We investigated factors correlated with HIV discordance and concordance within Chinese–Burmese mixed couples in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study with face-to-face questionnaire interviews and HIV blood testing was conducted. Results: Of 5742 couples, 1.6% couples were HIV-infected concordant, 2.2% were HIV serodiscordant with an HIV-infected male spouse and 0.9% were HIV serodiscordant with an HIV-infected female spouse. HIV discordance with an HIV-infected male spouse was significantly associated with characteristics of the male spouse, including being aged ≥30 years, non-Han ethnic minority, a marital relationship of <3 years, commercial sex and injection drug use by the male spouse. HIV discordance with an HIV-infected female spouse was significantly associated with an education level of primary school (v. illiterate); a marital status of being in their second marriage, widowed or divorced; a history of sexually transmissible infection diagnosis of the female spouse; noncommercial extramarital sex by the female spouse or by both spouses; and injection drug use by the male spouse. A marital relationship of ≥3 years was the only significant independent correlate of HIV-infected seroconcordance. Conclusions: The study findings underscore the importance of premarital HIV counselling and testing for this population, and the need for targeted interventions among HIV serodiscordant mixed couples to reduce secondary transmission as early as possible when the relationship begins.
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Tuckett, C. M. "The Forty-Fourth General Meeting, Dublin, July 1989." New Testament Studies 36, no. 2 (April 1990): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500015113.
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The Forty-fourth General Meeting of the Society was held at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, during 24–28 July under the Presidency of Professor F. Neirynck. About 270 members, spouses and guests were present.
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Brooks, Meegan. "For Nontraditional Names' Sake: A Call to Reform the Name-Change Process for Marrying Couples." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 47.1 (2013): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.47.1.for.
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In a large number of states, women are encouraged to take their husbands’ surnames at marriage by being offered an expedited name-change process that is shorter, less expensive, and less invasive than the statutory process that men must complete. If a couple instead decides to take an altogether-new name at marriage, the vast majority of states require that each spouse complete the longer statutory process. This name-change system emerged from a long history of naming as a way for men to dominate women. This Note emphasizes the need for name-change reform, arguing that the current system perpetuates antiquated patriarchal values and violates the United States Constitution. By allowing both spouses to change their names on their marriage certificate without any legal incentive for choosing one name over another — an approach currently used by Minnesota, Iowa, and Massachusetts — states could effectively address these problems.
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Vermeer, Mark. "Testamentary practices and village courts in the Bailiwick of ’s-Hertogenbosch (c. 1470-1550)." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 91, no. 3-4 (December 22, 2023): 471–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-20233409.
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Summary This paper discusses the origin, function and uses of schepentestamenten, acts of last will registered before municipal courts of aldermen. From the second half of the fifteenth century, peasants and townsmen found recourse to these courts for the registration of acts of last will. At first these acts were primarily contracts among spouses mutually conveying to each other the property upon death, but especially after the secularisation of the notarial profession in 1531 the number of pious bequests and religious beneficiaries greatly increased. In general, three strategies prevail in the employment of the last will: overruling the customary dispensation to the surviving spouse and providing this person with additional resources, specifying the position of each of the children (especially when some were illegitimate or had received by life), and preventing loss of wealth from the family. For the legal instruments, the aldermen resorted to their standard formulary, although attuned to the peculiarities of the last will. The trust and authority the courts of aldermen enjoyed, in combination with their executive clout in enforcing compliance, allowed them to discard various formal elements required in notarial instruments, while also making them popular institutions for the registration of last wills.
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Hemminki, Kari, and Bowang Chen. "Familial Risk for Colorectal Cancers Are Mainly Due to Heritable Causes." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 13, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.1253.13.7.
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Abstract A family history is an identified risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is not known to what extent the risk is due to environmental or heritable genetic factors. We wanted to examine this question for familial CRC adenocarcinoma based on the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database on 10.3 million individuals whose invasive cancers were followed up to year 2000. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for offspring, siblings, and spouses were calculated based on 5-year age, sex, period (10-year bands), area (county), and socioeconomic status standardized rates. A significant risk was observed in the parent-offspring comparison among different subsites (left-sided and right-sided colon, rectum, and all CRC), the SIRs ranging from 1.74 to 1.84. When husbands were probands, the SIR in wives was 0.92 for colon cancer (left-sided 0.67 and right-sided 1.07), 0.98 for rectal cancer, and 0.96 for CRC. The risks for husbands when wives were probands were quite similar. None of the SIRs between spouses were significant, indicating lack of concordance between spouses that resided together for a minimum of 30 years. The risks between siblings were also increased particularly for cancer in the right-sided colon (SIR 6.89). The effect of shared childhood environmental effects were probed by analyzing the risks by age difference between the siblings. However, the risks were independent of the age difference. Data among spouses and siblings consistently point to the importance of heritable factors in familial CRC.
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Kolokolova, E. O. "MARRIAGE AS A CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CATEGORY: HISTORY AND MODERNITY." Vestnik of the Russian University of Cooperation, no. 1(43) (April 26, 2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52623/2227-4383-1-43-25.
Full textAbstract:
Marriage can be interpreted as an institution of law, a legal fact, a special form of contract, a specific legal structure. In recent years, there has been an active debate about the neutralization of this definition regarding the gender difference between spouses. Many countries have legalized same-sex unions. The Constitutional Court of Russia and the European Court of Human Rights consider cases of discrimination based on sexual orientation. It is impossible to deny the importance of the institution of marriage for the legal field of any state. Marriage as a legal fact significantly affects the property and personal rights of spouses and other family members. In 2020 a number of amendments were made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, among which was an amendment stating that marriage is a union of a man and a woman. There was a lot of controversy around this amendment. The rationale for introducing this definition into the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation was the establishment of a final understanding of the institution of marriage. However everything is not clear. Is the consolidation of marriage as a constitutional and legal category a guarantee of preserving the traditional understanding of the marriage union? The article analyzes the category of «marriage» in the framework of the constitutional legislation of Russia. The article analyzes the significance of the amendment on marriage in the text of the Basic Law and the impact of this fact on the development of legislation on marriage and family relations.