Academic literature on the topic 'Spot scan'
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Journal articles on the topic "Spot scan"
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KIM, DONG SOO, SUNG WOO BAE, and KYUNG HYUN CHOI. "APPLICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR THE DMS SYSTEM IN THE SLS PROCESS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208047493.
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A Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) system using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is currently recognized as a leading process and SLS extends the applications to machinery and automobiles due to the various materials employed. Especially, accuracy and processing time are very important factors when the desired shape is fabricated with Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), one of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) system. In the convectional SLS process, laser spot size is fixed during laser exposing on the sliced figure. Therefore, it is difficult to accuracy and rapidly fabricates the desired shape. In this paper, to deal with those problems a SFF system having ability of changing spot size is developed. The system provides high accuracy and optimal processing time. Specifically, a variable beam expander is employed to adjust spot size for different figures on a sliced shape. Therefore, design and performance estimation of the SFF system employing a variable beam expander are achieved and the mechanism will be addressed to measure the real spot size generated from the variable beam expander. Also, the reduction of total processing time is an important issue in SFF system. A digital mirror system (DMS) is a system which scans the laser beam with different spot size. The spot size is selected based on the slicing section to decrease and accuracy of the process time and improve the processing efficiency. In this study, the optimal scan path generation for DMS will be addressed, and this development will improve the whole processing efficiency and accuracy through the scan efficiency by considering the existing scan path algorithm and heat energy distribution.
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Downing, K. "Spot-scan imaging in transmission electron microscopy." Science 251, no. 4989 (January 4, 1991): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1846047.
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Downing, Kenneth H. "Defocus ramp correction in spot-scan imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121053.
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Three-dimensional structures of a number of samples have been determined by electron crystallography. The procedures used in this work include recording images of fairly large areas of a specimen at high tilt angles. There is then a large defocus ramp across the image, and parts of the image are far out of focus. In the regions where the defocus is large, the contrast transfer function (CTF) varies rapidly across the image, especially at high resolution. Not only is the CTF then difficult to determine with sufficient accuracy to correct properly, but the image contrast is reduced by envelope functions which tend toward a low value at high defocus.We have combined computer control of the electron microscope with spot-scan imaging in order to eliminate most of the defocus ramp and its effects in the images of tilted specimens. In recording the spot-scan image, the beam is scanned along rows that are parallel to the tilt axis, so that along each row of spots the focus is constant. Between scan rows, the objective lens current is changed to correct for the difference in specimen height from one scan to the next.
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Benner, G., J. Frey, and E. Weimer. "Slit scan illumination for dynamic focusing." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100086088.
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This mode describes a modification of the spot scan mode1 in which areas on a photographic plate are exposed one after the other using small illuminating spots. The spot scan mode in transmission electron microscopes (TEM) reduces specimen damage and specimen drift. In addition to this it allows dynamic focussing at high tilt angles of the specimen.High-resolution, 3-D specimen reconstruction and reflection electron imaging using specimen tilt angles of up to 90° require dynamic focussing rectangular to the tilt axis of the goniometer for imaging of off-axis specimen areas. A slit-type illumination of the specimen parallel to the goniometer tilt axis may provide a better solution for such types of problems.
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Ansari, Zahir Ahmed, Avnish Kumar, Rajeev Marathe, and MJ Nigam. "Spiral Scan Pattern Generation for Laser Spot Tracker." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 1 (2016): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.03.038.
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Singaporewalla, Reyaz M., Anuradha Negi, Dominique YB Seow, and Dinesh Chinchure. "An Unusual Cause of Hot Spot on Parathyroid Imaging." World Journal of Endocrine Surgery 8, no. 2 (2016): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1183.
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ABSTRACT Background and aim Radiological imaging is routinely used in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to localize the abnormal adenoma and to plan surgical approach. We report an unusual cause of false-positive localization on parathyroid sestamibi scan, i.e., not previously described in the literature. Case report A 66-year-old man with primary hyperparathyroidism showed a discrete persistent focus in the left infraclavicular area during localization using sestamibi scan. Ultrasound of the neck was negative showing only small bilateral thyroid nodules. Single-photon emission and four-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans showed an intense focus of the tracer uptake and a 1-cm lesion near the left subclavian vein (SCV), corresponding to the infraclavicular hot spot. Initial infraclavicular exploration showed the lesion to be a collapsible saccular varix of the left SCV. Bilateral neck exploration led to the discovery of the actual right parathyroid adenoma beneath an exophytic thyroid nodule. The patient made an uneventful recovery and remains normocalcemic at 1-year follow up. Conclusion and clinical significance Hot spot on parathyroid imaging outside the line of embryological descent should be interpreted with caution. Vascular retention of injected isotope within a saccular varix of the neck vein can give rise to falsepositive results on sestamibi scans. Bilateral neck exploration remains the “gold standard” procedure when localization scans either are negative or turn out to have false-positive findings. How to cite this article Singaporewalla RM, Negi A, Seow DYB, Chinchure D. An Unusual Cause of Hot Spot on Parathyroid Imaging. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):164-167.
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Olson, N. H., U. Lücken, S. B. Walker, M. T. Otten, and T. S. Baker. "Cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction of spherical viruses with spot scan and FEG technologies." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 1086–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100141809.
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The field emission gun electron microscope (FEG) is a tool that has the potential to achieve near atomic resolution information of biological macromolecules. The FEG provides a beam with higher spatial and temporal coherence and a better phase contrast transfer function than do microscopes with either tungsten or LaB6 filaments. The FEG is also ideal for spot scan imaging applications because it can produce a small, coherent and very bright spot. In spot scan mode the specimen is exposed to an array of nonoverlapping spots rather man a flood beam. This significantly reduces beam-induced specimen drift.Frozen-hydrated samples of cowpea chlorotic mottle (CCMV, Fig. 1A) and cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV, Fig. IB) were examined on a Philips CM12 transmission electron microscope equipped with a standard LaB6 gun and on a Philips CM200 equipped with a field emission gun, respectively. The CM12 was operated at 120kV and was externally controlled by means of a spot scan imaging program which produced a series of 250 nm diameter spots on Kodak SO-163 sheet film.
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Wang, Shi Gang, Yong Yan, and Feng Juan Wang. "Measured Scan Data Reduction Combination Algorithm Based on Scan Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 2335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.2335.
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The 3D laser scanning technology is a hot spot in developed measuring in recent years. In the surface reconstruction of reverse engineering, the 3D laser scanning point cloud data is too large, and is not conducive to the computation, storage and surface reconstruction. After understanding the research status of the point cloud data processing streamline method at home and abroad, and through the analysis of minimum distance algorithm and the angle-chord height combined code method applicable to engineering characteristics, at the same time, the combination algorithm, which is based on the minimum distance algorithm and the angle-chord height combined code method, is proposed to simplify the point cloud data. The scanning point cloud is simplified by using matlab line by line.
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Durandet, Y., S. Sun, and M. Brandt. "Microstructure of Laser Treated ZE41A-T5 Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.759.
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Modification of the microstructure of ZE41A-T5 magnesium alloy substrates was investigated by laser surface re-melting and solidification using a 2.5 kW Nd:YAG laser. The effects of laser power, high scan rate and beam configuration were examined. The microstructure of laser treated ZE41 consisted of small precipitates dispersed in a fine dendritic α-magnesium matrix at high scan rates. The redistribution of chemical elements depended mainly on the dwell time in the liquid stage. At high scan rates, long dwell times were achieved by splitting the laser beam into two spots trailing in the scan direction which resulted in a more homogenous distribution of Mg, Zn and Zr. Cracking due to thermal shrinkage during solidification was prevented by reducing the temperature of the melt pool. This was achieved by lowering the laser power, increasing the scan rate and laser spot size. Increasing the laser spot size in the scan direction was conducive to producing homogeneous microstructures without cracks.
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Allwright, Stephen J., and John H. Miller. "SUBPERIOSTEAL ABSCESS CAUSING A “COLD” SPOT ON BONE SCAN." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 13, Supplement (September 1988): P17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-198809001-00030.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Spot scan"
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Gorée, Joris. "Développement d'une technique de spot scan cryogénique pour la métrologie de la réponse spatiale de détecteurs infrarouges." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP030.
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Dans un contexte scientifique où les besoins d'imagerie à haute résolution spatiale sont primordiaux, la réduction de la taille du pixel pose un défi majeur pour la caractérisation de la Fonction de Transfert de Modulation du Pixel (FTMPixel) des détecteurs infrarouge. La FTMPixel est une fonction de mérite traduisant la capacité du détecteur à restituer les détails d'une scène. En outre, l'émergence de l'imagerie hyper-spectrale ainsi que l'évolution de la structuration des pixels suscitent des questions sur la dépendance spectrale de la FTMPixel. Dans cette thèse, les travaux porte sur le développement d'un protocole expérimental basé sur la méthode spot scan pour la métrologie absolue de la réponse spatiale des détecteurs infrarouge. Un banc de mesure spécifique refroidi à l'azote liquide a été développé en amont de la thèse dans le but de réaliser des mesures avec une grande ouverture optique tout en réduisant le fond thermique. La réponse spatiale optique nécessite d'être connue pour opérer la déconvolution sur la mesure de spotscan. Dans une démarche de métrologie absolue, un raccord avec le principe de Huygens-Fresnel par l'intermédiaire d'un analyseur de front d'onde est réalisé pour déterminer la Fonction de Transfert Optique (FTO) de l'optique de projection. En parallèle de cette mesure, un traitement algorithmique permet de reconstruire le front d'onde pour étudier à la fois sa réponse optique et la propagation des bruits de mesure. Dans un second temps, une mesure spot scan a été réalisée sur un détecteur moyen-infrarouge, au sein du banc cryogénique. Cette étude a permis d'apporter les améliorations nécessaires pour atteindre la précision voulue, puis de mettre en évidence une dépendance spectrale de la FTMPixel en fonction de la structure des pixelsIn a scientific context where the need for high spatial resolution imaging is paramount, the reduction in pixel size poses a major challenge for characterizing the Pixel Modulation Transfer Function (MTFPixel) of infrared detectors. The MTFPixel is a merit function expressing the detector's ability to reproduce the details of a scene. In addition, the emergence of hyper-spectral imaging and the evolution of pixel structuring raise questions about the spectral dependence of the MTFPixel. In this thesis, we focus on the development of an experimental protocol based on the spot scan method for absolute metrology of the spatial response of infrared detectors. A specific liquid nitrogen-cooled measurement bench was developed in advance of the thesis, with the aim of carrying out measurements with a large optical aperture while reducing the thermal background. The optical spatial response needs to be known in order to perform deconvolution on the spot scan measurement. In an absolute metrology approach, a connection with the Huygens-Fresnel principle is made via a wavefront analyzer to determine the Optical Transfer Function (OTF) of the projection optics. In parallel with this measurement, algorithmic processing was used to reconstruct the wavefront in order to study both its optical response and the propagation of measurement noise. Secondly, a measurement was carried out on a medium-infrared detector on the cryogenic bench. This study enabled us to make the improvements needed to achieve the desired accuracy, and then to demonstrate a spectral dependence of the MTFPixel on pixel structure
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Souza, Marcelo Claro de. "Reação de genótipos de tangerinas a Alternaria alternata e Elsinoe fawcettii: resistência, suscetibilidade e acúmulo de metabólitos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92684.
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivos: (i) selecionar genótipos de tangerinas resistentes a infecção por Alternaria alternata, e estabelecer relações entre níveis de severidade da doença entre folhas e frutos, (ii) avaliar a contribuição de metabólitos na resistência de folhas maduras de tangerinas a A. alternata, (iii) selecionar genótipos de tangerina resistentes a infecção por Elsinoe fawcettii. Para tais experimentos foram utilizados 22 genótipos de tangerina pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma da Estação experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, Bebedouro-SP. (i) Dentre os materiais genéticos resistentes, foram constatados quatro genótipos de clementinas (Citrus clementina), seis mandarinas, sendo duas pertencentes a C. reticulata, duas a C. tangerina, uma a C. deliciosa e uma a C. nobilis; um tangelo (C. tangerina x C. paradisi); dois híbridos de mandarinas, sendo um resultante do cruzamento entre C. nobilis x C. deliciosa, e o outro de C. clementina x C. reticulata; um híbrido de tangor (C. clementina x C. sinensis) e dois híbridos de satsumas (C. unshiu x C. deliciosa.). Também foi constatado indícios de relação entre severidade de doença em folhas jovens destacadas e incidência natural de doença em frutos. (ii) Ao final dos experimentos, não foi observado influência desses metabólitos na defesa das folhas maduras de tangerina a MMA. (iii) Dente os genótipos avaliados, foram observados 10 materiais genéticos resistentes a verrugose. Dentre estes materiais, observou-se que os genótipos Commune, Caffin, Bruno, Burgess, Peau Lisse, Zanzibar, Beuty of Glen Retreat, Rode King e Encore também se apresentaram resistentes a MMA. Estes materiais são promissores para o cultivo de tangerinas em áreas de ocorrência destas doenças, e poderão contribuir com futuros trabalhos de melhoramento genético para resistência a MMA e verrugose.Abstract: The aims of this work were: (i) select tangerine genotypes resistant to Alternaria alternata infection and classify relative degrees of disease severity among leaves and fruits, in order to ultimately control the pathogen; (ii) evaluate metabolites contribuition on mature leaves of tangerines to A. alternata; (iii) select tangerine genotypes resistant to Elsinoe fawcettii. For such experiments 22 tangerines genotypes from germoplasm bank at Estação experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, Bebedouro-SP were used. (i) Among the resistant genetic materials, four clementines genotypes (Citrus clementina), six mandarines, being two of C. reticulata, two C. tangerina, one C. deliciosa and one C. nobilis; one tangelo (C. tangerina x C. paradisi); two mandarines hybrids, being one resulted between C. nobilis x C. deliciosa crossing, and other at C. clementina x C. reticulata; one tangor hybrid (C. clementina x C. sinensis) and two satsumas hybrids (C. unshiu x C. deliciosa) were found. A consistent relationship was noted among level of susceptibility in leaves (as evaluated following either natural infection or artificial inoculation), severity and susceptibility of fruit, suggesting a new methodology for diagnosis, identification and selection of Citrus spp. varieties resistant to A. alternata. (ii) At the end of experiments, it was not found any relationship between the presence of these metabolites and resistance to MMA on tangerines mature leaves. (iii) Among the genotypes evaluated, 10 genetic materials resistant to scab were observed. Finally, Commune, Caffin, Bruno, Burgess, Peau Lisse, Zanzibar, Beuty of Glen Retreat, Rode King and Encore cultivars, being resistant to A. alternata and also to E. fawcettii, exhibited good agronomic characteristics and, consequently, show a promising economic exploration.
Orientador: Antonio de Goes
Coorientador: Eduardo Sanches Stuchi
Banca: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins
Banca: Sérgio Florentino Pascholati
Mestre
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Johansson, Maria. "Kopplingar mellan planteringskvalitet och plantors överlevnad hos SCA Skog, Ångermanland." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54244.
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Using the right planting spots when planting can provide a lot of advantages forthe plant more nutrients, less competition and redused risk of damage from pineweevil. In this study comparisons have been made between quality follow upsfor not approved and approved plantings made by SCA in the distrikt ofÅngermanland. Few significant differences were found but not approvedplantings had more opportunitis for improvement than approved plantings. Moreplantings vere not approved on moist sites.
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Souza, Marcelo Claro de [UNESP]. "Reação de genótipos de tangerinas a Alternaria alternata e Elsinoe fawcettii: resistência, suscetibilidade e acúmulo de metabólitos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92684.
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Este trabalho teve por objetivos: (i) selecionar genótipos de tangerinas resistentes a infecção por Alternaria alternata, e estabelecer relações entre níveis de severidade da doença entre folhas e frutos, (ii) avaliar a contribuição de metabólitos na resistência de folhas maduras de tangerinas a A. alternata, (iii) selecionar genótipos de tangerina resistentes a infecção por Elsinoe fawcettii. Para tais experimentos foram utilizados 22 genótipos de tangerina pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma da Estação experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, Bebedouro-SP. (i) Dentre os materiais genéticos resistentes, foram constatados quatro genótipos de clementinas (Citrus clementina), seis mandarinas, sendo duas pertencentes a C. reticulata, duas a C. tangerina, uma a C. deliciosa e uma a C. nobilis; um tangelo (C. tangerina x C. paradisi); dois híbridos de mandarinas, sendo um resultante do cruzamento entre C. nobilis x C. deliciosa, e o outro de C. clementina x C. reticulata; um híbrido de tangor (C. clementina x C. sinensis) e dois híbridos de satsumas (C. unshiu x C. deliciosa.). Também foi constatado indícios de relação entre severidade de doença em folhas jovens destacadas e incidência natural de doença em frutos. (ii) Ao final dos experimentos, não foi observado influência desses metabólitos na defesa das folhas maduras de tangerina a MMA. (iii) Dente os genótipos avaliados, foram observados 10 materiais genéticos resistentes a verrugose. Dentre estes materiais, observou-se que os genótipos Commune, Caffin, Bruno, Burgess, Peau Lisse, Zanzibar, Beuty of Glen Retreat, Rode King e Encore também se apresentaram resistentes a MMA. Estes materiais são promissores para o cultivo de tangerinas em áreas de ocorrência destas doenças, e poderão contribuir com futuros trabalhos de melhoramento genético para resistência a MMA e verrugose.
The aims of this work were: (i) select tangerine genotypes resistant to Alternaria alternata infection and classify relative degrees of disease severity among leaves and fruits, in order to ultimately control the pathogen; (ii) evaluate metabolites contribuition on mature leaves of tangerines to A. alternata; (iii) select tangerine genotypes resistant to Elsinoe fawcettii. For such experiments 22 tangerines genotypes from germoplasm bank at Estação experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, Bebedouro-SP were used. (i) Among the resistant genetic materials, four clementines genotypes (Citrus clementina), six mandarines, being two of C. reticulata, two C. tangerina, one C. deliciosa and one C. nobilis; one tangelo (C. tangerina x C. paradisi); two mandarines hybrids, being one resulted between C. nobilis x C. deliciosa crossing, and other at C. clementina x C. reticulata; one tangor hybrid (C. clementina x C. sinensis) and two satsumas hybrids (C. unshiu x C. deliciosa) were found. A consistent relationship was noted among level of susceptibility in leaves (as evaluated following either natural infection or artificial inoculation), severity and susceptibility of fruit, suggesting a new methodology for diagnosis, identification and selection of Citrus spp. varieties resistant to A. alternata. (ii) At the end of experiments, it was not found any relationship between the presence of these metabolites and resistance to MMA on tangerines mature leaves. (iii) Among the genotypes evaluated, 10 genetic materials resistant to scab were observed. Finally, Commune, Caffin, Bruno, Burgess, Peau Lisse, Zanzibar, Beuty of Glen Retreat, Rode King and Encore cultivars, being resistant to A. alternata and also to E. fawcettii, exhibited good agronomic characteristics and, consequently, show a promising economic exploration.
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Zocca, Filippo. "GOG-Fit : Sistema servizio-prodotto di mascherer da sci su misura." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Find full textAbstract:
GOG-Fit è un servizio che offre maschere da neve personalizzate, stampate in 3D su misura del cliente. Il modello di maschera prodotto è composto da due moduli, uniti tra loro grazie a incastri magnetici.
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Roubal, Christophe. "Tavelures du pommier et de l'olivier : réalisation de modèles épidémiologiques par des méthodes exploitant des observations biologiques acquises au verger." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0694/document.
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La modélisation de la dynamique épidémiologique des ascomycètes parasites des arbres fruitiers présente deux aspects très importants : l’évaluation de la quantité d'inoculum et de son évolution, et l’identification des évènements climatiques donnant lieu à une contamination. Le travail présenté aborde ces deux aspects au travers de deux exemples : la tavelure du pommier, et la maladie de l’œil de paon de l’olivier, parasites majeurs pour les filières concernées.L’acquisition des connaissances sur la biologie des deux maladies a été abordée uniquement sur la base de données acquises sur le terrain, ce qui est original car généralement les modèles ont été réalisés sur la base de connaissances établies en conditions contrôlées.Dans le cas de Venturia inaequalis, agent de la tavelure du pommier, la vitesse de développement journalier de l’inoculum a été établie par optimisation numérique, sur la base d’observations réalisées en Provence. Un modèle de dynamique de projection des ascospores incluant la suspension de l’évolution de l’inoculum primaire lors des périodes sèches a été réalisé puis validé sur un jeu de données indépendantes. La transposabilité du modèle a été ensuite étudiée pour une autre région (Aquitaine). Dans le cas de Fusicladium oleagineum, agent de la maladie de l’oeil de paon, les conditions de contamination ont été établies en fonction de la température et de l’hygrométrie, d’une part par la réalisation d’un abaque sur la base de points sélectionnés par dires d’expert, et d’autre part de façon automatique à l’aide d’un système par apprentissage (réseau de neurones). Un modèle, liant la température moyenne après la contamination à l’apparition des symptômes a été ensuite réaliséApple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, and peacoq leaf spot, cause by Fusicladiumoleagineum, are key diseases respectively for apple and olive growers. These disease usuallyrequire a large number of treatments. Adequate protection need a good evaluation ofquantitative disponibility of inoculum, and estimation of infection conditions.In this thesis, these two problems were studied using only field data. This is an originalaprroach to obtain knowledge about biology of fungi : most previous works were realised byregression of laboratory data obtained under controled conditions.In the case of Venturia inaequalis, primary inoculum consists of pseudothecia present in leaflitter. Treatments agains ascospore release period is the cornerstone of the strategy againstapple scab. However, the existing forecasting models are not reliable, and are all based ondegree-day time scale, proposed in 1982.Here, using a corpus of data acquired between 1996 and 2013, including observations ofascospore release and weather data, we assessed the daily rate of development of primaryinoculum by fitting generic new time scale functions. Further improvements were then studiedto take into account elements reported in litterature about the incidence of rain or wetness.Different methods were tested and adapted for the parameterisation of models by numericaloptimisation. Some forcasting models were proposed and adapted to the area where the studywas conducted, with parameters including rain and temperature. The validity was tested, andfurther developements of the forecasting tool was then proposed.In the case of Fusicladium oleagineum, a field-operational model predicting disease outbreakswas established as a function of temperature and relative humidity. First with the help ofpoints selected by experts, Secondly automaticaly using a neural network. A model defininglatent period as a function of average temperature after contamination was then realised
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Walker, Clair. "IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES DE Cladosporium E A REAÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE NOGUEIRA-PECÃ." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3791.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe culture of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] has presented greater economic importance in southern Brazil in recent decades, thus increasing the planted area, mainly in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) and Paraná (PR). However, despite the increasing growth of planted area, little research related to diseases in culture and breeding aimed at obtaining cultivars resistant to diseases, have been held in the country. The occurrence of leaf spot symptoms caused by Cladosporium spp. was observed in field in three southern states of Brazil. Given this observation, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and molecular variability of Cladosporium spp. isolates associated with leaf spot in pecan, checking its distribution in southern Brazil, as well as selecting resistant cultivars as a way to control the disease. The specific objectives were established as follows: a) To identify the species of Cladosporium spp. causing leaf spot in pecan orchards coming from producing areas of the three southern states of Brazil; b) To verify the diversity and morphological and genetic variability, by sequencing elongation factor (TEF - 1α) region, isolates of Cladosporium spp. from pecan plants with symptoms of leaf spot; c) To select efficient morphological characters for separation of isolated groups according to the species to which they belong; d) To confirm the pathogenicity of Cladosporium spp., as well as quantify the incidence and severity of leaf spot in Shawnee‟ and Barton‟ cultivars. For this, leaf samples were taken in 16 symptomatic pecan orchards to the isolation of the pathogen in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. The isolates were characterized morphologically using mycelial growth, sporulation, colonies pigmentation, conidia and ramoconidia dimensions. These variables were used in the UPGMA analysis in which the isolates were grouped in a dendrogram according to genetic similarity and established characters that contributed most to the divergence. The analysis of 40 isolates by means of morphological and genetic analysis, sequencing of genes from the elongation factor TEF-1α confirmed that the species C. cladosporioides (21 isolates), C. pseudocladosporioides (18 isolates) and C. subuliforme (only one isolate) associated with leaf spot. The region of the elongation factor (TEF-1α) is efficient to identify and group the species associated with pecan included in the C. cladosporioides complex and sporulation is an important morphological characteristic to differentiate the species of Cladosporium spp. All 40 isolates were pathogenic to cultivars Barton‟ and Shawnee‟. The two cultivars were considered susceptible to leaf spot for the three species of Cladosporium spp. tested and there is susceptibility difference for C. pseudocladosporioides, where 'Shawnee' showed greater severity of disease in relation to 'Barton'.
A cultura da nogueira-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] tem apresentado maior importância econômica no sul do Brasil nas últimas décadas, aumentando assim a área plantada, principalmente nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) e Paraná (PR). No entanto, apesar do aumento crescente das áreas plantadas, poucas pesquisas relacionadas a doenças na cultura e ao melhoramento genético visando a obtenção de cultivares resistentes a doenças, têm sido realizadas no país. A ocorrência de sintomas de mancha foliar causada por Cladosporium spp. foi observada a campo nos três estados do sul do Brasil. Diante dessa observação, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi verificar a variabilidade morfológica e molecular de isolados de Cladosporium spp. associados à mancha foliar em nogueira-pecã, verificando sua distribuição na região sul do Brasil, bem como selecionar cultivares resistentes como forma de controle para a doença. Como objetivos específicos foram estabelecidos os seguintes: a) identificar as espécies de Cladosporium causadoras de mancha foliar em pomares de nogueira-pecã procedentes de regiões produtoras dos três estados do sul do Brasil; b) verificar a diversidade e a variabilidade morfológica e genética, através do sequenciamento da região do fator de elongação (TEF 1α), de isolados de Cladosporium spp. provenientes de plantas de nogueira-pecã com sintomas de mancha foliar; c) selecionar caracteres morfológicos eficientes para a separação dos isolados em grupos, de acordo com a espécie a que pertencem; d) confirmar a patogenicidade de isolados de Cladosporium spp., bem como quantificar a incidência e severidade da mancha foliar nas cultivares Barton‟ e Shawnee‟. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas de folhas sintomáticas em 16 pomares de nogueira-pecã para o isolamento do patógeno, nos estados do PR, SC e RS. Os isolados foram caracterizados morfologicamente através do crescimento micelial, esporulação, pigmentação das colônias, dimensões de conídios e ramoconídios. Essas variáveis foram utilizadas na análise UPGMA em que os isolados foram agrupados em um dendrograma de acordo com a similaridade genética e, estabelecidos os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a divergência. A análise dos 40 isolados através das características morfológicas e da análise genética, a partir do sequenciamento dos genes do fator de elongação TEF-1α, confirmaram as espécies C. cladosporioides (21 isolados), C. pseudocladosporioides (18 isolados) e C. subuliforme (apenas um isolado) associadas à mancha foliar. A região do fator de elongação (TEF-1α) é eficiente para identificar e agrupar as espécies associadas à nogueira-pecã incluídas no complexo C. cladosporioides e a esporulação é uma importante característica morfológica para diferenciar as espécies de Cladosporium spp. Todos os 40 isolados foram patogênicos às cultivares Barton‟ e Shawnee‟. As duas cultivares foram consideradas suscetíveis à mancha foliar para as três espécies de Cladosporium spp. testadas e existe diferença de suscetibilidade para C. pseudocladosporioides, onde a Shawnee‟ apresentou maior severidade da doença em relação a Barton‟.
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Hamza, Abdou Azali. "Taxonomie et diagnostic des espèces de Xanthomonas associées à la gale bactérienne de la tomate et des Capsicum spp. : situation dans les Îles du Sud Ouest de l'océan Indien." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819814.
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La gale bactérienne des Solanées à graines est une maladie répandue dans la plupart des aires de production de tomate et des Capsicum spp. (piment, poivron) du monde. Elle est très sévère dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales et sa présence est récurrente dans la région Sud-Ouest de l'océan Indien. Cette maladie est complexe car cinq taxons sont actuellement reconnus comme agents causaux, X. vesicatoria , X. perforans , X. gardneri , X. euvesicatoria et X. campestris pv. raphani . Néanmoins certaines études récentes suggèrent des synonymies de certaines de ces espèces entre elles et également avec d'autres Xanthomonas. Les objectifs principaux de la thèse étaient (1) l'analyse de la diversité sur une collection mondiale à l'aide des deux techniques moléculaires à haut débit, AFLP et MLSA, avec un accent particulier sur la diversité génétique et pathologique régionale (2) la description des relations phylogénétiques entre ces taxons et les autres Xanthomonas (3) la mise au point d'un outil d'identification rapide qui tienne compte de la diversité de l'agent pathogène et basé sur des marqueurs SCAR identifiés par AFLP. Une absence de congruence entre les topologies d'arbres dérivées des séquences de 4 gènes de ménage étudiés a été mise en évidence, de même que plusieurs évènements de recombinaison sur trois d'entre eux. Un inventaire des espèces trouvées dans les îles SWIO a pu être dressé, mettant à jour une grande diversité dans cette région. Nos données ont confirmé de fortes similarités génétiques entre X. alfalfae , X. euvesicatoria et X. perforans d'une part et de X. cynarae et X. gardneri d'autre part, qui ont probablement le statut d'espèces-synonyme.
Books on the topic "Spot scan"
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1964-, Breedveld Koen, ed. Een gele kaart voor de sport: Een quick scan naar wenselijke en onwenselijke praktijken in en rondom de breedtesport. Den Haag: SCP, Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, 2007.
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Publications, VuVu. 26 Ways to Spot a Scam. Lulu Press, Inc., 2019.
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Clef, Joy. How to Spot an Internet Scam: Never Send Money to Scammers Again. Independently Published, 2019.
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Johnes, Martin, and Bob Nicholson. Sport History and Digital Archives in Practice. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038938.003.0003.
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This chapter identifies the limitations of the digitization of newspapers—one of the most popular resources for sport historians. First, copyright restricts the scope of digitization of some twentieth-century newspapers and periodicals. Second, digitization is compromised when the quality of newspaper print affects the ability to scan accurately and when scanning software confuses letters in texts using old fonts. Finally, searching by scanning software relies on an exact match between the keyword selected by the researcher and the description used by the journalist. Nevertheless, digital archives enable sport historians to access and examine large databases in relation to individuals, sports, teams, events, and sporting metaphors as these topics arise in newspapers and in other sources such as Google Books and court records.
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Chatterjee, Robin, ed. SBAs in Sport, Exercise, and Musculoskeletal Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859444.001.0001.
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‘Multiple Choice Questions in Musculoskeletal, Sport & Exercise Medicine’ is a compilation of 400 multiple choice questions (MCQs), where the format is that of single best answer from a choice of five options. The book closely follows the curriculum of the ‘Membership of Faculty of Sport & Exercise Medicine’ (MFSEM) examination, with some questions being clinically oriented and others being knowledge based. This book is not intended to be a substitute for extensive clinical reading but instead to complement the learning process. Questions in this book have been carefully curated by 92 reputable subject matter experts across ten countries and are intended to provide a structured learning experience. The book is comprised of 46 chapters, where the first 23 ask questions and the next 23 provide answers. The answer to each question has a short explanation with a reference, which is intended to stimulate discussion, research and further learning. There is a total of 33 high quality images (MRI scans, plain radiographs, ECGs, ultrasound scans and photographs), 18 tables and 5 diagrams in the book.
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Metzl, Jordan D., ed. Sports Medicine in the Pediatric Office. 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610021234.
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Completely revised and updated, the second edition of this best-selling pediatric sports medicine resource provides step-by-step demonstrations of the examination and evaluation techniques for common sports injuries. The book includes more than 100 images, plus 2+ hours of video covering physical examination keys, when to order radiographs, CT scans, and MRIs; treatment plan development; case-based coverage of common injuries, including ankle and foot, knee and lower leg, shoulder, wrist and elbow, hip and spine, and concussions and preventive strategies. This all encompassing resource allows you to: Walk through case studies that highlight the issues most commonly seen at specific stages of development. View examinations and tests that can help you identify the extent and location of injury. See demonstrations of preventive strengthening exercises. Use proven approaches to diagnosing and managing sports injuries to improve your practice. Learn which test results to obtain and when. New features All chapters fully reviewed and updated New chapter on Trends in Prevention of Sports Injury in the Young Athlete 5 new sport-specific chapters - Soccer - Baseball and softball - Collision sports (football, hockey, lacrosse, and rugby) - Gymnastics - Running Chapters provide: Overview of the sport(s) Overview of the sport history and demographic information in young athletes Cases-based scenarios that highlight the major issues in the sport Suggestions on how pediatric health professionals can ensure the safest sport experience in the sport
Book chapters on the topic "Spot scan"
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Weik, Martin H. "flying-spot scan." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 625. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_7375.
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Ogawa, Rei. "Long-Pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars." In Textbook on Scar Management, 271–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_32.
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AbstractThere are many therapeutic options for keloids and hypertrophic scars, including surgery, radiation, corticosteroids, 5-fluorouracil, cryotherapy, laser therapy, anti-allergy agents, anti-inflammatory agents, bleaching creams, and make-up therapies. In terms of laser therapy, we have used long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. This laser was developed for the treatment of vascular diseases, including inflammatory scars that exhibit neovascularization. The depth that is reached is determined by the spot size, the laser power, and the fluence: the larger the spot size, power, or fluence, the deeper the laser beam penetrates. The laser should generally be applied to the skin surface with the following standard treatment settings: a spot diameter of 5 mm, an energy density of 75 J/cm2, an exposure time per pulse of 25 ms, and a repetition rate of 2 Hz.
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Poggi, Francesco, Roberto Montalti, Emanuele Intrieri, Alessandro Ferretti, Filippo Catani, and Federico Raspini. "Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Landslide Deformation Pattern with Sentinel-1." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 2 Issue 1, 2023, 321–29. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39012-8_15.
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AbstractThe results of multi-interferometric processing applied to radar images acquired by the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 constellation, obtained in the framework of the IPL (International Programme on Landslides) project n.221, are presented in this manuscript. The target area is the Hunza-Nagar River valley, a remote area in northern Pakistan. The Humarri slide, a massive landslide located along the left side of the valley, is the most active phenomenon in the area, and poses a very high risk to the Humarri village built in the lowest part of the landslide, and a threat of damming the Hispar River. The highest deformation rates (with peaks higher than 300 mm/yr) were recorded in the middle and low part of the landslide. Where the Humarri village is located, the velocity values are lower and range between −30 and −80 mm/yr. The analysis of displacement time series, spanning from February 2017 to January 2020, reveal different deformation behaviors and different onset of accelerating behaviors within the landslide body. The global coverage, the wide-area mapping capabilities, and the regular acquisitions planning ensured by the Sentinel-1 constellation, coupled with InSAR ability to deliver very precise and spatially dense information, make it possible to scan wide areas and spot unstable zones, especially where remoteness, vast areal extension, and climatic conditions make it difficult to undertake field activities.
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Gänsslen, Axel, and Alexander Ruhe. "Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT)." In Die Gehirnerschütterung, 179–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65600-6_17.
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Montrone, Silvestro, Paola Perchinunno, Antonia Di Giuro, Francesco Rotondo, and Carmelo Maria Torre. "Identification of “Hot Spots” of Social and Housing Difficulty in Urban Areas: Scan Statistics for Housing Market and Urban Planning Policies." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 57–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89930-3_4.
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Mimra, Christopher, Vincent Krein, Racim Radjef, Bronwyn Fox, and Peter Middendorf. "Detection of Gaps and Overlaps in Laser Line Triangulation Data of Dry Fibre Tape Layups Using Image Projection." In Advances in Automotive Production Technology – Towards Software-Defined Manufacturing and Resilient Supply Chains, 253–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27933-1_24.
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AbstractA major cost driver in the production of carbon composite parts is the quality inspection, which to this day relies on manual investigation by a trained worker. Gaps and overlaps in the layups are to be detected because they are proven to be detrimental towards the mechanical properties of the final part. In recent works, laser line triangulation sensors have been applied to inspect layups of prepreg tapes and non-crimp fabric material. These sensors create a 3D point cloud of the specimens surface. This is then evaluated by conversion into a grey-scale image and a subsequent image processing algorithm. However, the most commonly used algorithms fail to differentiate between defects and small, acceptable irregularities, such as welding spots, slits and single fibres which stick out.The aim of this research is to develop a reliable evaluation method for scans of dry fibre tape layups. An overview over the different groups of algorithms is provided, image projection is selected and compared to algorithms which have been proven to work best on pre-pregs. While the common algorithms fail to classify a test set of dry fibre specimen, image projection can reach a true positive rate of 100% and a false positive rate of 19%. The proposed setup can be a centrepiece of a future in-line quality inspection system for dry fibre layups which has potential for a significant decrease of the manufacturing costs.
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Witt, Matthew. "SCAD Alert: Occupy Wall Street Is to Capitalism What Labor Unions Were to Communism — A Systemic Contradiction That Can Be Neither Swallowed nor Spit Out." In State Crimes Against Democracy, 269–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137286987_13.
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Crespigny, Lachlan De, and Frank Chervenak. "Prenatal testing: 15–17 weeks." In Prenatal tests, 81–100. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520849.003.0007.
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Abstract If you have chosen to have either a blood test for Down syndrome, called mid trimester serum screening, or an amniocentesis, then these tests are carried out at this stage of pregnancy. Ultrasound examinations are not usually done at this time—it is too late for nuchal translucency screening and too early to get the best pictures of the physical structure of your fetus. Ultrasound is used to guide the needle to the correct spot during amniocentesis, and you may be offered a scan if you develop problems such as bleeding or pain.
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Venkatasubramanian, S., and R. Mohankumar. "DDoS Attack Detection in WSN Using Modified BGRU With MFO Model." In Advanced Applications of Generative AI and Natural Language Processing Models, 286–305. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0502-7.ch014.
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Significant challenges in the areas of energy and security persist for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Avoiding denial-of-service assaults is a priority for safeguarding WSN networks. As open field encryption becomes the norm, conventional packet deep scan systems can no longer use open field review in layer security packets. To the existing literature evaluating the effect of deep learning algorithms on WSN lifespan, this study contributes the auto-encoder (AE) and then the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BGRU). The learning rate of the BGRU is also chosen using the moth flame optimization technique. Learning is just one of the approaches that have emerged in response to the pressing need to distinguish between legitimate and criminal users. This chapter also demonstrated that for numerical statistical data, the sweet spot is reached when the number of records in the dataset is between three thousand and six thousand and when the percentage of overlap across categories is not less than fifty percent.
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Kümmel, Tim, Tobias Teumer, Patrick Dörnhofer, Steffen Manser, Sascha Heinrich, Andreas Hien, Jürgen Marx, Frank-Jürgen Methner, Matthias Rädle, and Björn Wängler. "Absorption properties of lipid-based substances by non-invasive fast mid-infrared imaging." In OCM 2019 - 4th International Conference on Optical Characterization of Materials, March 13th – 14th, 2019, Karlsruhe, Germany : Conference Proceedings, 23–33. KIT Scientific Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000087509-3.
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In this study, we present a new optical non-contact measurement method, which is based on general characteristics of a flying-spot scanner. The focus is on the mapping of lipid-based substances, especially the scanning of fingerprints. The assessing of human fingerprints is conducted by using two lasers emitting in different selected wavelengths. Images generated by using these wavelengths comprise absorption information of the examined sample. By using image-processing and conversion algorithms, the lipid-based substances in the detected image section could not only be captured, but also displayed three-dimensionally. The setup of the optical scanning method presented here utilizes the mid infrared region, especially the wavelength range between 3 μm up to 4 μm. It was optimized in order to scan an area up to 50 cm2, with a spatial resolution of 20 μm and a data rate of 300 kS/s. Our data shows that mapping of human fingerprints can be performed by using the described method. Furthermore, a processing of the data set results in topographical information.
Conference papers on the topic "Spot scan"
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Furlanetto, Valdir, Danilo Stocco, Gilmar Ferreira Batalha, Francisco Chinesta, Yvan Chastel, and Mohamed El Mansori. "Electric Resistance Spot Welding evaluation by A-scan and B-scan ultrasound analyses." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES (AMPT2010). AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3552551.
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Lui, Anthony, Anthony C. Karloff, and Roman Gr Maev. "M-scan cross-sectional imaging of resistance spot welds during welding." In 2012 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2012.0598.
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Huang, Yu, Wu-Tung Cheng, Ting-Pu Tai, Liyang Lai, Ruifeng Guo, Feng-Ming Kuo, and Yuan-Shih Chen. "Diagnose Compound Hold Time Faults Caused by Spot Delay Defects at Clock Tree." In ISTFA 2011. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2011p0103.
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Abstract If a signal on clock tree is slower than expected due to either a design error or a manufacturing defect, it may cause complicated fault behaviors during scan-based testing. It makes the diagnosis of such defect especially difficult if the defective clock signal is used for both shift and capture operations during the scan testing, because (1) the defect induces hold time faults on scan chains during shift cycles, and (2) hold-time faults may also be introduced during capture cycles in the functional logic paths. In this paper we illustrate the failure behaviors of such clock defects and propose an algorithm to diagnose it.
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Stocco, Danilo, Andriy Chertov, Roman Gr Maev, Sanghyun Yoo, and Sung Hoon Jung. "Comparison of real-time ultrasonic M-scans and dynamic resistance curves obtained from resistance spot welding process." In ASNT Research Symposium 2023. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs.2023.013.
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The goal of this paper is to present a correlation study between the dynamic resistance curve obtained from a Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) process versus inspections made through real-time ultrasonic measurements. In steel plate samples, with varying thickness, the ultrasonic images were collected during the welding process using a Tessonics ultrasonic system with single-element, 12 Mhz transducer in pulse-echo mode, installed inside a C-type welding gun, with cooling water as the coupling medium. A-scans were collected with an interval of 1 millisecond, in order to construct an M-scan image which is a signature of the welding process. Dynamic resistance curves of each joint were acquired using the Obara Hawkeye adaptive welding controller mounted on a 90 KVA, medium frequency and direct current (MFDC) machine. Welding schedules were prepared under adaptive mode, with both welding current and time set as variables. The M-scan image was synchronized with the respective dynamic resistance curve for each of the collected samples, aiming to identify and correlate the characteristics between both. The experiments were able to find strong correlation between the M-scans and dynamic resistance curves. In the M-scans, we could observe the amount of heat developed directly between the electrodes, liquid metal thickness, and its penetration into the plates, while in the dynamic resistance curve we could observe corresponding features, such as the resistance maximum peak, as well as sudden resistance drops. The results collected and presented will be used for identification of the main correspondences between both approaches, and further development of specialized instrumentation for improvement of the existing resistance curve-based adaptive welding systems.
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Allebach, Jan P., and Donald W. Sweeney. "Digital holography with raster scan devices: a comparative study." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.ff2.
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With raster scan devices, the spot size is usually about equal to the spacing between addressable points. Examples include E-beam lithography systems and spatial light modulators. Methods for synthesis of digital holograms that have evolved for use with vector plotters, where the spot size is much greater than the step size, cannot make full use of the resolution of these devices. The most faithful encoding of the wave front at the hologram is achieved by processing each addressable point individually, using as many samples from the wave front as there are points in the hologram. We may distinguish three classes of synthesis techniques based on the type of processing involved. In order of increasing computational demand, these are (1) point-to-point spatially periodic, memoryless processing, (2) spatially recursive and possibly spatially periodic processing, and (3) iterative processing. We compare several methods from these three categories in terms of diffraction efficiency and fidelity of the reconstructed image. As a quantitative measure of fidelity, we consider the mean-squared and maximum errors between the optimally scaled reconstruction and the object. These measurements are based on both digitally reconstructed holograms and optical reconstruction of holograms synthesized using an E-beam lithography system and a Litton iron-garnet spatial light modulator.
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McIntyre, Kevin J., and G. Michael Morris. "Diffractive Optics Technology for F-Θ Scan Lenses." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dtua.4.
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A variety of optical systems utilize F-θ lenses to focus a scanned laser beam to a small spot. Typical applications include laser printing and laser machining. Since scan lenses usually operate at discrete laser wavelengths, diffractive optical components can be incorporated into these designs without the efficiency losses normally associated with broadband applications. This paper will examine the use of diffractive optical elements in F-θ scan lens design. A discussion of some basic design principles is provided. This is followed by a comparison between a refractive system and a hybrid system which illustrates how diffractive optics can significantly enhance the performance of F-θ scan lenses.
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Kampmann, Matthias, and Sybille Hellebrand. "X Marks the Spot: Scan-Flip-Flop Clustering for Faster-than-at-Speed Test." In 2016 IEEE 25th Asian Test Symposium (ATS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ats.2016.20.
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Goree, Joris, Edouard Huard de Verneuil, Julien Jaeck, Olivier Gravrand, Olivier Boulade, Jérome Primot, and Sophie Derelle. "Optical characterization of a low f-number cryogenic spot scan objective for infrared detectors." In X-Ray, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy X, edited by Andrew D. Holland and James Beletic. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2627125.
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Narahara, Tatsuya, Satoshi Kumai, Takashi Nakao, and Tadashi Ozue. "Tracking Method of an Optical Tape Recorder Using Acousto-Optic Scanning." In Optical Data Storage. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ods.1991.me2.
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There are many methods to scan laser spots on an optical tape to record and reproduce data. CREO threem RCA A high data transfer rate is one of the most important parameters for digital data storage systems. It is difficult to control a mechanical scanner at a high scanning velocity in a way that the laser spot can trace a high density data pattern precisely. We used an acousto-optic deflector(AOD) for scanning. The advantage of using an AOD over a slide motor or a polygonal mirror or a rotary drum is that the laser spot can be deflected at a high speed with simple and compact hardware. An AOD does not need a precise mechanical actuator nor a position sensor, it only needs optics and an electronic controller. In this paper a precise tracking method using an electronically controlled AOD is discussed.
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Kappelhof, J. P., Bert Dekker, Hans Spierdijk, Erik Boslooper, Henk Bokhove, and Peter Verhoeff. "IASI OGSE spot scan: design and realization of infrared test equipment for use in vacuum." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Alson E. Hatheway. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.509110.
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