Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sporulation; Gene expression; Soil bacteria

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sporulation; Gene expression; Soil bacteria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sporulation; Gene expression; Soil bacteria"

1

Powers, Matthew J., Edgardo Sanabria-Valentín, Albert A. Bowers, and Elizabeth A. Shank. "Inhibition of Cell Differentiation in Bacillus subtilis by Pseudomonas protegens." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 13 (March 30, 2015): 2129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02535-14.

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ABSTRACTInterspecies interactions have been described for numerous bacterial systems, leading to the identification of chemical compounds that impact bacterial physiology and differentiation for processes such as biofilm formation. Here, we identified soil microbes that inhibit biofilm formation and sporulation in the common soil bacteriumBacillus subtilis. We did so by creating a reporter strain that fluoresces when the transcription of a biofilm-specific gene is repressed. Using this reporter in a coculture screen, we identifiedPseudomonas putidaandPseudomonas protegensas bacteria that secrete compounds that inhibit biofilm gene expression inB. subtilis. The active compound produced byP. protegenswas identified as the antibiotic and antifungal molecule 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). Colonies ofB. subtilisgrown adjacent to a DAPG-producingP. protegensstrain had altered colony morphologies relative toB. subtiliscolonies grown next to a DAPG-nullP. protegensstrain (phlDstrain). Using a subinhibitory concentration of purified DAPG in a pellicle assay, we saw that biofilm-specific gene transcription was delayed relative to transcription in untreated samples. These transcriptional changes also corresponded to phenotypic alterations: both biofilm biomass and spore formation were reduced inB. subtilisliquid cultures treated with subinhibitory concentrations of DAPG. Our results add DAPG to the growing list of antibiotics that impact bacterial development and physiology at subinhibitory concentrations. These findings also demonstrate the utility of using coculture as a means to uncover chemically mediated interspecies interactions between bacteria.IMPORTANCEBiofilms are communities of bacteria adhered to surfaces by an extracellular matrix; such biofilms can have important effects in both clinical and agricultural settings. To identify chemical compounds that inhibited biofilm formation, we used a fluorescent reporter to screen for bacteria that inhibited biofilm gene expression inBacillus subtilis. We identifiedPseudomonas protegensas one such bacterium and found that the biofilm-inhibiting compound it produces was the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). We showed that even at subinhibitory concentrations, DAPG inhibits biofilm formation and sporulation inB. subtilis. These findings have potential implications for understanding the interactions between these two microbes in the natural world and support the idea that many compounds considered antibiotics can impact bacterial development at subinhibitory concentrations.
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Jog, Rahul, Maharshi Pandya, G. Nareshkumar, and Shalini Rajkumar. "Mechanism of phosphate solubilization and antifungal activity of Streptomyces spp. isolated from wheat roots and rhizosphere and their application in improving plant growth." Microbiology 160, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.074146-0.

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The application of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) at field scale has been hindered by an inadequate understanding of the mechanisms that enhance plant growth, rhizosphere incompetence and the inability of bacterial strains to thrive in different soil types and environmental conditions. Actinobacteria with their sporulation, nutrient cycling, root colonization, bio-control and other plant-growth-promoting activities could be potential field bio-inoculants. We report the isolation of five rhizospheric and two root endophytic actinobacteria from Triticum aestivum (wheat) plants. The cultures exhibited plant-growth-promoting activities, namely phosphate solubilization (1916 mg l−1), phytase (0.68 U ml−1), chitinase (6.2 U ml−1), indole-3-acetic acid (136.5 mg l−1) and siderophore (47.4 mg l−1) production, as well as utilizing all the rhizospheric sugars under test. Malate (50–55 mmol l−1) was estimated in the culture supernatant of the highest phosphate solublizer, Streptomyces mhcr0816. The mechanism of malate overproduction was studied by gene expression and assays of key glyoxalate cycle enzymes – isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MS). The significant increase in gene expression (ICL fourfold, MS sixfold) and enzyme activity (ICL fourfold, MS tenfold) of ICL and MS during stationary phase resulted in malate production as indicated by lowered pH (2.9) and HPLC analysis (retention time 13.1 min). Similarly, the secondary metabolites for chitinase-independent biocontrol activity of Streptomyces mhcr0817, as identified by GC-MS and 1H-NMR spectra, were isoforms of pyrrole derivatives. The inoculation of actinobacterial isolate mhce0811 in T. aestivum (wheat) significantly improved plant growth, biomass (33 %) and mineral (Fe, Mn, P) content in non-axenic conditions. Thus the actinobacterial isolates reported here were efficient PGPR possessing significant antifungal activity and may have potential field applications.
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Traag, Bjorn A., Antonia Pugliese, Jonathan A. Eisen, and Richard Losick. "Gene Conservation among Endospore-Forming Bacteria Reveals Additional Sporulation Genes in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 195, no. 2 (November 2, 2012): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01778-12.

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ABSTRACTThe capacity to form endospores is unique to certain members of the low-G+C group of Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes) and requires signature sporulation genes that are highly conserved across members of distantly related genera, such asClostridiumandBacillus. Using gene conservation among endospore-forming bacteria, we identified eight previously uncharacterized genes that are enriched among endospore-forming species. The expression of five of these genes was dependent on sporulation-specific transcription factors. Mutants of none of the genes exhibited a conspicuous defect in sporulation, but mutants of two,ylxYandylyA, were outcompeted by a wild-type strain under sporulation-inducing conditions, but not during growth. In contrast, aylmCmutant displayed a slight competitive advantage over the wild type specific to sporulation-inducing conditions. The phenotype of aylyAmutant was ascribed to a defect in spore germination efficiency. This work demonstrates the power of combining phylogenetic profiling with reverse genetics and gene-regulatory studies to identify unrecognized genes that contribute to a conserved developmental process.
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Khanna, Kanika, Javier Lopez-Garrido, and Kit Pogliano. "Shaping an Endospore: Architectural Transformations During Bacillus subtilis Sporulation." Annual Review of Microbiology 74, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-022520-074650.

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Endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis provides an ideal model system for studying development in bacteria. Sporulation studies have contributed a wealth of information about the mechanisms of cell-specific gene expression, chromosome dynamics, protein localization, and membrane remodeling, while helping to dispel the early view that bacteria lack internal organization and interesting cell biological phenomena. In this review, we focus on the architectural transformations that lead to a profound reorganization of the cellular landscape during sporulation, from two cells that lie side by side to the endospore, the unique cell within a cell structure that is a hallmark of sporulation in B. subtilis and other spore-forming Firmicutes. We discuss new insights into the mechanisms that drive morphogenesis, with special emphasis on polar septation, chromosome translocation, and the phagocytosis-like process of engulfment, and also the key experimental advances that have proven valuable in revealing the inner workings of bacterial cells.
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Wang, Lei, Yanfei Yu, Xinyi He, Xiufen Zhou, Zixin Deng, Keith F. Chater, and Meifeng Tao. "Role of an FtsK-Like Protein in Genetic Stability in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 6 (January 5, 2007): 2310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01660-06.

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ABSTRACT Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) does not have a canonical cell division cycle during most of its complex life cycle, yet it contains a gene (ftsKSC ) encoding a protein similar to FtsK, which couples the completion of cell division and chromosome segregation in unicellular bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Here, we show that various constructed ftsKSC mutants all grew apparently normally and sporulated but upon restreaking gave rise to many aberrant colonies and to high frequencies of chloramphenicol-sensitive mutants, a phenotype previously associated with large terminal deletions from the linear chromosome. Indeed, most of the aberrant colonies had lost large fragments near one or both chromosomal termini, as if chromosome ends had failed to reach their prespore destination before the closure of sporulation septa. A constructed FtsKSC-enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein was particularly abundant in aerial hyphae, forming distinctive complexes before localizing to each sporulation septum, suggesting a role for FtsKSC in chromosome segregation during sporulation. Use of a fluorescent reporter showed that when ftsKSC was deleted, several spore compartments in most spore chains failed to express the late-sporulation-specific sigma factor gene sigF, even though they contained chromosomal DNA. This suggested that sigF expression is autonomously activated in each spore compartment in response to completion of chromosome transfer, which would be a previously unknown checkpoint for late-sporulation-specific gene expression. These results provide new insight into the genetic instability prevalent among streptomycetes, including those used in the industrial production of antibiotics.
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6

Hoover, Sharon E., Weihong Xu, Wenzhong Xiao, and William F. Burkholder. "Changes in DnaA-Dependent Gene Expression Contribute to the Transcriptional and Developmental Response of Bacillus subtilis to Manganese Limitation in Luria-Bertani Medium." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 15 (May 28, 2010): 3915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00210-10.

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ABSTRACT The SOS response to DNA damage in bacteria is a well-known component of the complex transcriptional responses to genotoxic environmental stresses such as exposure to reactive oxygen species, alkylating agents, and many of the antibiotics targeting DNA replication. However, bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis also respond to conditions that perturb DNA replication via a transcriptional response mediated by the replication initiation protein DnaA. In addition to regulating the initiation of DNA replication, DnaA directly regulates the transcription of specific genes. Conditions that perturb DNA replication can trigger the accumulation of active DnaA, activating or repressing the transcription of genes in the DnaA regulon. We report here that simply growing B. subtilis in LB medium altered DnaA-dependent gene expression in a manner consistent with the accumulation of active DnaA and that this was part of a general transcriptional response to manganese limitation. The SOS response to DNA damage was not induced under these conditions. One of the genes positively regulated by DnaA in Bacillus subtilis encodes a protein that inhibits the initiation of sporulation, Sda. Sda expression was induced as cells entered stationary phase in LB medium but not in LB medium supplemented with manganese, and the induction of Sda inhibited sporulation-specific gene expression and the onset of spore morphogenesis. In the absence of Sda, manganese-limited cells initiated spore development but failed to form mature spores. These data highlight that DnaA-dependent gene expression may influence the response of bacteria to a range of environmental conditions, including conditions that are not obviously associated with genotoxic stress.
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da Silva, Marliane de Cássia Soares, Igor Rodrigues Mendes, Thiago de Almeida Paula, Roberto Sousa Dias, Sérgio Oliveira de Paula, Cynthia Canedo Silva, Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli, and Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya. "Expression of thenifHgene in diazotrophic bacteria inEucalyptus urograndisplantations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 2 (February 2016): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0063.

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A large proportion of eucalypt plantations in Brazil are located in areas with low soil fertility. The actions of microorganisms are of great importance for the cycling of nutrients, including nitrogen (N), that are essential for plant metabolism. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to monitor and identify the total and active microorganisms involved in the N cycle in both the soil and root systems of a forest of Eucalyptus urograndis with sections that were fertilized with N or unfertilized. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of the nifH gene in N-fixing bacteria present in both the soil and root systems. According to the DGGE analysis, in the total and active populations of N-fixing bacteria, the presence and expression of the nifH gene were influenced by the winter and summer seasons and (or) N fertilization, respectively. DGGE band sequencing from total DNA samples showed that the most abundant group of diazotrophic bacteria belonged to Alphaproteobacteria in both the soil and root systems. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that nifH expression was higher in the soil samples, especially in those that did not receive N fertilization. The differences in the composition of the total and active diazotrophic populations highlight the importance of evaluating the active populations, because they are effectively responsible for the biogeochemical transformation of N and also control its’ availability to plants.
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Ramos-Silva, Paula, Mónica Serrano, and Adriano O. Henriques. "From Root to Tips: Sporulation Evolution and Specialization in Bacillus subtilis and the Intestinal Pathogen Clostridioides difficile." Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no. 12 (July 29, 2019): 2714–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz175.

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Abstract Bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum are able to enter a developmental pathway that culminates with the formation of highly resistant, dormant endospores. Endospores allow environmental persistence, dissemination and for pathogens, are also infection vehicles. In both the model Bacillus subtilis, an aerobic organism, and in the intestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile, an obligate anaerobe, sporulation mobilizes hundreds of genes. Their expression is coordinated between the forespore and the mother cell, the two cells that participate in the process, and is kept in close register with the course of morphogenesis. The evolutionary mechanisms by which sporulation emerged and evolved in these two species, and more broadly across Firmicutes, remain largely unknown. Here, we trace the origin and evolution of sporulation using the genes known to be involved in the process in B. subtilis and C. difficile, and estimating their gain-loss dynamics in a comprehensive bacterial macroevolutionary framework. We show that sporulation evolution was driven by two major gene gain events, the first at the base of the Firmicutes and the second at the base of the B. subtilis group and within the Peptostreptococcaceae family, which includes C. difficile. We also show that early and late sporulation regulons have been coevolving and that sporulation genes entail greater innovation in B. subtilis with many Bacilli lineage-restricted genes. In contrast, C. difficile more often recruits new sporulation genes by horizontal gene transfer, which reflects both its highly mobile genome, the complexity of the gut microbiota, and an adjustment of sporulation to the gut ecosystem.
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Lin, Ta-Hui, Guei-Tsung Wei, Chien-Chen Su, and Gwo-Chyuan Shaw. "AdeR, a PucR-Type Transcription Factor, Activates Expression of l-Alanine Dehydrogenase and Is Required for Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 194, no. 18 (July 13, 2012): 4995–5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00778-12.

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ABSTRACTTheBacillus subtilis aldgene encodesl-alanine dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the NAD+-dependent deamination ofl-alanine to pyruvate for the generation of energy and is required for normal sporulation. The transcription ofaldis induced by alanine, but the mechanism underlying alanine induction remains unknown. Here we report that a gene (formerlyyukFand now designatedadeR) located upstream ofaldis essential for the basal and alanine-inducible expression ofald. The disruption of theadeRgene caused a sporulation defect, whereas the complementation of anadeRmutation with an intactadeRgene restored the sporulation ability.adeRexpression was not subject to autoregulation and alanine induction. Deletion and mutation analyses revealed that an inverted repeat, centered at position −74.5 relative to the transcriptional initiation site ofald, was required foraldexpression and also likely served as a ρ-independent transcription terminator. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that purified His-tagged AdeR was a specific DNA-binding protein and that this inverted repeat was required for AdeR binding. AdeR shows no significant amino acid sequence similarity to the known transcriptional activators ofaldgenes from other bacteria. AdeR appears to be a member of the PucR family of transcriptional regulators. Its orthologs of unknown function are present in some otherBacillusspecies. Collectively, these findings support the notion that AdeR is a transcriptional activator which mediatesaldexpression in response to alanine availability and is important for normal sporulation inB. subtilis.
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Garbeva, Paolina, and Wietse de Boer. "Inter-specific Interactions Between Carbon-limited Soil Bacteria Affect Behavior and Gene Expression." Microbial Ecology 58, no. 1 (March 7, 2009): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-009-9502-3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sporulation; Gene expression; Soil bacteria"

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Lord, Matthew J. "Structural and binding studies of the products of the spoIIA operon in Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390478.

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Wang, Zheng. "THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION PRACTICES, TILLAGE, AND ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA ON BELL PEPPER PRODUCTIVITY AND PHYSIOLOGY UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/55.

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To evaluate the strip tillage in organic bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production as an integrated system for sustainable vegetable cropping two-years of field trials were conducted in 2011 and 2012. The field trials were conducted to determine the viability of strip tillage in conventional and organic bell pepper production systems by comparing plant growth, water status, and fruit yield to plastic mulch grown plants application under different irrigation regimes. The two-year field data demonstrated that organic pepper with strip tillage application was a viable combination that produced comparable yield to conventional plastic mulch system and utilized water more economically. In 2011 and 2013, strip-tilled rows and plastic mulched rows were used to evaluate the impact of tillage on soil hydraulic conductivity and water internal drainage characteristics. Results indicated that strip-tilled plots had significantly higher in-row penetration resistance compared to the plastic mulch system at depths up to 20 cm, but no differences between the systems were found for layers below 25 cm. In addition, there were no differences in hydraulic conductivity between strip tillage and plastic mulch in both study years over a 30-day period. Also, significant main effects were found for soil layer and time scale on hydraulic conductivity in the first 24 hour of the study in 2013. During field trials in 2011 and 2012, plant tissues were sampled for endophytic bacteria isolation and identification. Differences in endophytic bacteria were obtained among different production combinations. In 2013, endophytic bacteria isolates from 2011 and 2012 trials were re-inoculated to bell pepper grown in greenhouse to assess plant growth. Two Pseudomonas sp. and one Bacillus thioparans strain were screened to evaluate their affects on plant growth under both drought and non-drought conditions. After growth comparisons, the three endophytic strains were used to subsequently study the impacts of endophyte inoculation on regulating plant drought-linked gene expressions in 2014 by conducting real-time PCR. Results demonstrated that plant drought-linked genes, which especially involved plant ethylene biosynthesis, were significantly down-regulated after inoculating the endophytic bacterial strains.
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Books on the topic "Sporulation; Gene expression; Soil bacteria"

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Issar, Smith, Slepecky Ralph, Setlow Peter, and International Spore Conference (10th : 1988 : Woods Hole, Mass.), eds. Regulation of procaryotic development: Structural and functional analysis of bacterial sporulation and germination. Washington, D.C: American Society for Microbiology, 1989.

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Smith, Issar, and Ralph A. Slepeky. Regulation of Procaryotic Development: Structural and Functional Analysis of Bacterial Sporulation and Germination. Amer Society for Microbiology, 1989.

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Issar, Smith, Slepecky Ralph, Setlow Peter, and International Spore Conference, (10th : 1988 : Woods Hole, Mass.), eds. Regulation of procaryotic development: A structural and functional analysis of bacterial sporulation and germination. Washington, D.C: American Society for Microbiology, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sporulation; Gene expression; Soil bacteria"

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"Reporter Gene Systems Useful in Evaluating In Situ Gene Expression by Soil-and Plant-Associated Bacteria *." In Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Third Edition, 734–47. American Society of Microbiology, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815882.ch60.

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Omar Ahmed Idris, Abdelmalik, and Elnour Alamin Gibreel Noh. "Legumes and Nodule Associated Bacteria Interaction as Key Factor for Abiotic Stresses Impact Mitigation." In Legumes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99478.

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Due to climate change, different soil stresses are increasing continuously and they threat the world food security as they limit crop productivity. Therefore, this chapter aims at integrate information about the interaction between legumes and endophytes which will help to: deep understanding of the endophytes-legume relationship, draw attention to the possibilities to exploit this relationship in soil stress mitigation and unraveling what is need to be addressed in the future. The study reviewed the most recent previous scientific works in the field. For legumes tissue colonization, endophytes almost use the same routs which results in their presence in the same niches. Co-inoculation of these bacteria enhances plant growth directly and indirectly. Some endophytes characterized by stress tolerance which interact with legumes and mitigate the adverse effect of soil stresses like salinity, acidity/alkalinity, drought and heavy metal contamination. To reduce stress and enhance plant growth, legume-associated bacteria produce ACC deaminase and other compounds. The interaction process involves induction and expression of many legume-associated bacteria chromosomal and plasmid genes which indicates that this process is a genetic based. So isolation of stress tolerant legume-associated microbes and identification of the gene related to stress tolerance will aid in production of genetic engineered endophytes adaptive to different stresses. It is concluded that all soil stresses can be addressed by application of stress tolerant endophytes to the soil affected with environmental stresses which is sustainable and low cost approach. To maximize the benefit, searching for indigenous stress tolerant endophytes is recommended.
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