Dissertations / Theses: 'Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified'

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Cowley, Joseph G. "Mind the gap : exploring the decline in physical activity at the transition stage of adolescence in Glasgow youth." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/25383/.

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This thesis aimed to investigate physical education, physical activity and sport (PEPAS) participation and the adoption of health behaviours in Scottish adolescents. To address this topic, I start with a general reflection on the current state of Scottish health, through the lens of the Scottish and nested Glasgow effects. Subsequently, building on this conceptual base, I outline a series of three studies to further investigate the linkages between PEPAS and accumulating life stress and health behaviours. Accordingly, the thesis narrative consists of 4 distinct research outputs (1 desktop study, followed by 3 studies involving the collection of primary data). These studies were arranged as follows: In Chapter 4 (research study 1), I suggest that a confluence of social, environmental, attitudinal and cultural stressors may combine to negatively influence biological health. The core conclusion of this conceptual paper was that PA may provide a highly efficient, and cost-effective means to remediating some of the issues underpinning the Scottish effect. Chapter 5 (research study 2) presents data comparing patterns of PA uptake in adolescents of low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds with more affluent age-matched peers. SES is a significant biopsychosocial stress-elevating consideration. These findings add to mounting evidence suggesting excessively accumulating life stress, not only diminishes health, but simultaneously reduces PA uptake in vulnerable populations. The outcomes of this study thus emphasise the negative relationship between excessive life stress and PA, and highlight that there may be a bidirectional relationship between these factors. Chapter 7 (research study 3) qualitatively investigates the barriers and facilitators of PEPAS and exercise in the broad general education (BGE) phase of CfE in Scotland. Focus groups were conducted with 39 secondary school pupils (S1-S2). This study adds context-specific information highlighting the role of self-image, perceived competence and social influence on PEPAS participation. Subsequent findings indicated that the delivery of traditional PE lessons, which prioritise sporting ability, act as a participation barrier to pupils who consider themselves 'non-sporty'. Chapter 8 (research study 4) builds on Chapter 7 by qualitatively investigating why young people in the post 16 phase of CfE discontinue participation in exercise, sport and PA, whilst analysing reasons for this post compulsory education decline in PA. Previous negative PE experiences were perceived as a major barrier to continued PA. Furthermore, this young cohort perceived that PE teachers focused primarily on physically capable students. Respondents also perceived that access to contemporary fitness activities would be a positive option both during PE lessons, and as a tool to promote lifelong PA. Key conclusions emanating from this thesis included: PA levels were significantly lower in those who had experienced greater accumulated life stress. Thereby suggesting that excessively accumulating life stress not only exerts a negative effect on health, but simultaneously reduces PA uptake in vulnerable populations. Activities where individuals felt singled out, such as fitness testing, present significant barriers to PEPAS. Similarly, an overly competitive, performance-based curriculum acted as a barrier for those who self-identified as 'non-sporty'. Many 16-18-year- olds see current cultural fitness trends as preferable to the range of activities traditionally promoted within PE. It was perceived that previous negative PE experiences acted as a barrier to continued PA into adulthood. A core finding arising from this thesis is the recommendation that promoting lifelong PA habits, particularly in those at risk of elevated life stress, should be a fundamental objective of educators. Furthermore, evidence uncovered during this thesis suggests that PE should be structured around pedagogical models promoting self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. Also, it is suggested that, during the senior phase, PE should be repackaged into an attractive compulsory brand. Finally, the implementation of current fitness and exercise trends, may prove an effective strategy in promoting lifelong activity and health and wellbeing.

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(9798143), David Geard. "Masters athletes: Exemplars of successful adult aging?" Thesis, 2019. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Masters_athletes_Exemplars_of_successful_adult_aging_/13451129.

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The aging global population and the associated health issues that inevitably emerge in later life positions “successful aging” research as a public health priority. Although not definitively defined within the multidisciplinary gerontology literature, successful aging is broadly conceptualized as a multidimensional health-related phenomenon that adults desire as they age chronologically. Masters athletes systematically train for and regularly compete in masters sporting events that are specifically designed for adults who exceed the age at which elite, winning, open-age sport performances are typically achieved. Based on their capacity to continue participating in sport well into later life, sports science researchers have regularly characterized masters athletes as models or exemplars of successful aging, and suggested that it was the sport that masters athletes trained for and competed in that was promoting their successful aging. The successful aging research on masters athletes that has been conducted to date has consisted of literature reviews, typically focused on older (age > 60 years) masters athletes who participate in individual endurance-oriented masters sport, and characterized successful aging narrowly as high physiological functioning. Therefore, to determine if masters sport promotes, and masters athletes exemplify, successful aging from a multidimensional perspective, primary research on a broader range of masters athletes with respect to their age and the sports they participate in, using a multidimensional model of successful aging, is required. To address this gap in knowledge, the current thesis presents four related studies (manuscripts 1 to 4) that investigated the following research questions, respectively: (1) How is successful aging defined within the multidisciplinary gerontology literature, and can masters athletes be considered to be exemplars of successful aging according to the identified definition? (2) Is the model of successful aging that is comprised of physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning factors an appropriate approach to use in future successful aging research on masters athletes? (3) Is the model of successful aging that is comprised of physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning factors an appropriate approach to use in future experimental successful aging research on masters athletes and non-sporting adults, and do masters athletes have higher functioning across the specified domains than non-sporting adults? (4) Does a 12-week masters cycling intervention promote successful aging across physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning domains compared to a recreational cycling control condition? Chapter 2 (manuscript 1) is a literature review which concludes that successful aging could be operationally defined as a late-life process of change characterized by high physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning. Moreover, masters athletes were found to be likely exemplars of successful aging according to this multidimensional model of successful aging. Chapter 3 (manuscript 2) indicates that the model of successful aging that was comprised of physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning factors (proposed in chapter 2) was stronger than three plausible alternative models to use in future successful aging research on masters swimmers. Chapter 4 (manuscript 3) suggests that the model of successful aging that was confirmed in chapter 3 as an appropriate approach to conduct successful aging research on masters swimmers was also well suited to the measurement of a representative sample of masters athletes and a convenience sample of non-sporting adults. Moreover, masters athletes had significantly higher physical and social functioning, but not higher psychological and cognitive functioning than non-sporting adults. Finally, in line with the cross-sectional data from chapter 4, chapter 5 (manuscript 4) found that engagement in masters cycling by mid-aged recreational cyclists promoted significantly higher physical and social functioning, but not higher cognitive or psychological functioning, compared to recreational cycling controls. The findings suggest that masters sport participation promotes high physical and social functioning throughout adulthood, and potentially high cognitive and psychological functioning later in life. Therefore, the masters athletes studied within the present thesis were not exemplars of successful aging relative to non-sporting adults across all of the physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning domains simultaneously. However, this thesis indicates that it is valuable and necessary to conduct further experimental research on the effects of a broader range of masters sports on aging trajectory. Such research should employ larger samples and more objective measures of the four domains of successful aging to more comprehensively investigate if masters athletes are exemplars of successful adult aging.

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(9832892), Aaron Scanlan. "Development of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test (BEST) based on the activity demands of current open-age Australian male competition." Thesis, 2011. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Development_of_the_Basketball_Exercise_Simulation_Test_BEST_based_on_the_activity_demands_of_current_open-age_Australian_male_competition/13465601.

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"The present thesis firstly aimed to describe and compare the player activity demands within elite and sub-elite open-age Australian male basketball competitions ; and secondly develop a reliable and valid basketball simulation test based on these demands"--Overview.

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(9876176), GA Abt. "An attempt to assess the effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise that simulates team sport play." Thesis, 2002. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/An_attempt_to_assess_the_effect_of_oral_creatine_monohydrate_supplementation_on_prolonged_high-intensity_intermittent_exercise_that_simulates_team_sport_play/13428734.

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Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise that simulated team sport play. Study 1 aimed at developing and validating a team sport play simulation. An activity profile representative of team sport play was developed. The activity profile was based on a number of time and motion studies of various sports including soccer, rugby union, basketball and Australian rules football. The activity profile was based around a 15 min protocol comprised of standing still, walking, jogging, running, fast running and sprinting. Each movement category speed was based on a percentage of the participant's peak sprinting speed. There were 94 changes in speed with a mean change in speed every 9.6 s during the 15 min activity profile. These changes in speed included three 3 s sprints and three 6 s sprints throughout the 15 min activity profile. The 15 min activity profile was repeated three times (45 min), followed by a 15 min break, followed by another three 15 min periods (45 min) for a total work duration of 90 min. The team sport play simulation was conducted on a non-motorised treadmill to allow participants to sprint more effectively than on a motorized treadmill and also allow changes in sprint speed to be measured. A Woodway non-motorised treadmill was instrumented to allow the measurement of force, power, speed and distance. Measures of oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate and RPE were also collected. Five participants covered a mean distance of 10196 ± 403 m over the 90 min protocol, which is within the values typically observed during team sport play (Reilly, 1994). Heart rate and oxygen uptake throughout the protocol averaged 170 b·min⁻¹and 74% Vo₂max respectively, which compare favourably to actual match-play (Bangsbo, 1994). Blood lactate concentration averaged 8.7 mmol·L⁻¹over the course of the simulation, which is somewhat higher than previously reported during actual match play (Reilly and Doran, 2001). Peak sprint speed declined significantly from 24.9 ± 0.9 km·h⁻¹in the first half to 23.6 ± 0.7 km·h⁻¹in the second half. While no previous studies have reported the changes in peak sprint speed during team sport play, Bangsbo (1994) reported that mean 20 m sprint speed declined by 2.3% in soccer players following a match. The team sport play simulation was found to have acceptable reliability (coefficient of variation) for the total distance covered (2.2%) and peak sprint speed (4.1% and 3.5% for the 3 s and 6 s sprints, respectively). However, peak sprint power was found to be an unreliable measure with a coefficient of variation of 8.8% for the 3 s sprints and 10.2% for the 6 s sprints. The results of Study 1 strongly suggest that the treadmill protocol effectively recreated the movement patterns and physiological responses to team sport play and therefore demonstrated both logical and criterion validity. Study 2 extended the validated treadmill protocol to the examination of the effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation for team sport play. Twelve participants completed the protocol following either five days of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation or placebo supplementation. Participants allocated to the creatine group were required to supplement their normal diet with creatine monohydrate (Creatine Plus, Sport-Test, Australia) at a rate of 20 g·day⁻¹. Participants were required to consume 5 g of creatine monohydrate plus 1 g of glucose four times per day. Muscle biopsies were performed prior to and following each simulation. Muscle samples were analysed for glycogen, phosphocreatine, ATP, free creatine, total adenine nucleotides and lactate. There were no significant differences between the creatine and placebo groups for the performance measures of total distance covered, mean peak sprint speed or sprint distance. There were also no significant differences between the groups for any of the physiological measures including heart rate, oxygen uptake, plasma lactate, RPE, body mass and plasma uric acid. While the results suggest that creatine-loading does not enhance team sport play performance, there was no significant difference in total muscle creatine concentration between the treatment and placebo groups prior to the team sport play simulation. There were a number of limitations in the design of the present study, such as the lack of a presupplementation muscle biopsy and a small sample size that have reduced the value of the present study. Consequently, no conclusions regarding the efficacy of creatine supplementation for team sport players can be drawn from the current study. Further detailed experiments are required before the practice of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation can be recommended for team sport players.

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(9790478), Sandra Dalton. "Development and evaluation of a software prototype for hydrotherapy screening questionnaires and exercise routines." Thesis, 2007. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Development_and_evaluation_of_a_software_prototype_for_hydrotherapy_screening_questionnaires_and_exercise_routines/13429553.

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"This research investigated factors affecting the development and adoption of innovative work practices by exercise rehabilitation providers working in hydrotherapy pools. Using models from the fields of software engineering and behavioural science, this thesis describes how the author developed and then evaluated a software prototype to create individual exercise regimes and manage client information. The prototype was written by the researcher using Microsoft Access and Microsoft Visual Basic and included 563 exercise pictures drawn by the author as Microsoft Bitmap Images. This prototype was then evaluated for its S2quality and useS3 by nine professional staff at a large aquatic physiotherapy clinic in metropolitan Australia. The evaluation was conducted at the end of a one month software trial with participants completing two questionnaires and attending one of two focus group interviews. The questionnaires were a User Profile Questionnaire and a Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI). The major findings from the evaluation were that the prototype was too complex compared to the participants current methods of practice and it provided insufficient advantages to justify its adoption. This finding was reflected by the poor to below average results from the SUMI questionnaire and was discussed by participants during focus group interviews. Furthermore, the User Profile Questionnaire and the interviews suggest that hydrotherapy instructors are unlikely to use or be aware of existing exercise software products for creating client routines. For the 30% of participants who had previously used exercise software, none chose to use such products for their hydrotherapy clients because of the limited number and range of aquatic exercises they offered. While the results suggested a strong resistance to the use of any exercise software by hydrotherapy instructors, the participants strongly encouraged future development of the prototype, with design changes to better match their needs. The consensus of opinion encouraged removal or separation of the pre-exercise screening questionnaires and a focus on creating exercise routines. The prototypes large library of water exercises was recognized as a valuable resource with numerous opportunities to redesign the system used to classify different types of exercise in the library for use by different types of water-based exercise instructors. Conclusions drawn of this research are presented in two parts. The first presents a SWOT analysis, summarizing the major recommendations from the software evaluation. This includes strategies for improving both the software prototype and the general acceptance of a new technology. The second offers advice to others with an interest in undertaking creative research as a postgraduate project, especially in a field of science. This advice includes strategies found to be fundamental to the planning and management of creative research projects such as this." -- abstract.

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(9796907), Jordan Fox. "The association between workload, sleep, and performance in basketball players." Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_association_between_workload_sleep_and_performance_in_basketball_players/13404311.

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In basketball, delivering appropriate workload stimuli while managing recovery between training sessions and competition is essential to promote favourable adaptations in players and to optimise performance. Sleep is a modifiable factor recognised as one of the most effective recovery interventions available to basketball players. While workload and sleep are conceptually important for player performance, investigations directly examining the associations between workload, sleep, and performance in basketball players are limited. To address this gap, the aims of this thesis were to: 1) review current literature to identify the associations between workload and performance in team sports; 2) review current literature examining sleep in athletes, including factors affecting sleep and subsequent performance; 3) examine player monitoring approaches used by basketball coaches, along with barriers and facilitators to player monitoring; 4) assess the impact of training and game workloads on sleep duration and sleep quality in basketball players; 5) determine the associations between acute player workloads and in-game performance; and 6) identify the cumulative effects of sleep over 1-4 nights prior to competition on in-game performance. Review of the literature revealed limited available research on the association between workload and performance in team sports including basketball. Furthermore, investigations documenting the associations between workload and sleep, and sleep and performance in athletes are lacking. The online survey demonstrated that while basketball practitioners find potential value in player monitoring, the implementation of monitoring is limited. One of the primary barriers to implementing player monitoring in basketball is a lack of understanding regarding which outcomes should be monitored, and how player monitoring data should be utilised in practice. As such, the overall findings of this thesis are extremely valuable to basketball practitioners given insight is provided regarding scenarios which may leave players susceptible to poor sleep as well as identifying which workload and sleep variables may be most useful to monitor in practice to optimise performance potential of players. The original research reported in this thesis revealed that following games where physical (PlayerLoad [PL]) and perceptual (session-rating of perceived exertion [sRPE]) demands were high, sleep duration was significantly restricted in basketball players, which may have implications for recovery following competition. Regarding workload, all investigated variables possessed non-significant relationships with in-game performance. However, overall and high-intensity external workload (PL and high-intensity inertial movement analysis [IMA] events [accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, and jumps combined]) accumulated over the 7 days prior to competition and expressed per minute revealed small, positive associations with in-game performance in basketball players. For sleep variables, sleep efficiency captured 1 night prior to competition and subjective sleep quality accumulated over 1, 2, 3, and 4 nights prior to competition were significantly associated with in-game performance in basketball players. Furthermore, later wake times were significantly associated with favourable in-game performance in basketball players. In combination, the thesis findings support routine monitoring of player workloads and sleep across the season; however, monitoring of acute sleep variables may be more important to understand in-game performance potential than monitoring of acute workload variables in basketball players. Specifically, following competition, particularly where in-game workload demands are high, sleep duration in players appears particularly important to monitor. Suboptimal sleep duration following competition may be mitigated by adjusting training or travel schedules that enable players to increase their opportunity for sleep via later wake times. Basketball practitioners should implement objective and subjective monitoring of sleep quality leading into competition and avoid early wake times where possible to maximise sleep duration and promote favorable in-game performance.

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(9826058), Michael Pengelly. "The effect of chronotype on sport-specific performance in professional basketball players." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_effect_of_chronotype_on_sport-specific_performance_in_professional_basketball_players/19567663.

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Circadian rhythm refers to the biological processes that regulate the sleep/wake cycle and the 24-h oscillations that occur in several psychobiological responses. Differences in the diurnal variation in responses regarding circadian rhythms across individuals has led to the establishment of three distinguished chronotypes: morning types (M-types), neither types (N types), and evening types (E-types). Variations in acrophases of several physiological variables associated with each chronotype has led to the notion that peak athletic performance varies according to time of day in a chronotype-specific manner. Limited research has examined the effect of chronotype on sport-specific performance with most data exploring the effect on diurnal variation on sport-specific skills. Most data exploring the effect of diurnal variation on sport-specific skills indicate that a preference for neither morningness or eveningness (N types), is associated with superior performance between the afternoon and evening. Preliminary data examining the role of chronotype on sport-specific skill performance suggest morningness (M-types) is associated with superior performance earlier in the day (<14:00h), while a preference for eveningness (E-types) is associated with superior performance at night (>20:00h). However, no research has examined the effect of chronotype on basketball specific performance according to time of day. This is of particular importance to basketball teams in various leagues where players are exposed to fluctuating schedules across the season requiring completion of games with a variety of start times typically alternating between the afternoon and evening. Thus, the aims of this research were to 1) examine diurnal variations in shooting accuracy between chronotypes at different times of the day and, 2) identify the effect of evening games (>18:00h) on in-game basketball performance between different chronotypes in male basketball players. Professional basketball players (n = 13) were recruited from the same team registered in the National Basketball League (NBL) and each player completed a Horne-Östberg Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (HÖ-MEQ) to determine their self-reported chronotype. Three players were categorised as M-types, nine players as N-types, and one player as an E-type. To examine differences in shooting accuracy between chronotypes according to time of day, players completed a shooting accuracy test consisting of 100 shots from five different locations on separate days in the morning (08:00h-09:30h) and afternoon (15:00-16:30h). To equilibrate sample sizes, the data were split into tertiles for analysis (Anderson et al., 2018), where five players were assigned to the first tertile representing the M-types (HÖ-MEQ >54), four players were assigned to the second tertile representing the N-types (HÖ-MEQ 47-53), and four players were assigned to the third tertile representing the E-types (HÖ-MEQ <46). Shooting accuracy in each test was determined via the cumulative score of the 100 shots using a 0–3-point scoring scale classifying each shot’s accuracy. To examine differences between chronotypes in in game performance during evening games played after 18:00h, box score data from the 2019/20 season (31 games) were retrieved and analysed. Using the results of each player’s HÖ-MEQ score (n = 11), players were split into M-types (n = 4) and N-types (n = 6). Due to only one player identifying as an E-type, E-type data were excluded from the analysis of in-game performance. In this way, separate linear mixed models were conducted to determine the effect of chronotype (fixed effect) on each player (random effect). Results from the shooting accuracy testing revealed no significant (p >0.05) differences in shooting accuracy scores between chronotype groups in either the morning or afternoon testing sessions. However, effect size analysis showed each chronotype group shot more accurately (small-large effects) in the morning trial (M-types: 213.0; N-types: 218.0; E-types: 206.0) compared to the afternoon trial (M-types: 201.5; N-types: 211.5; E-types: 191.0). Findings regarding the in-game analyses revealed no significant (p >0.05) differences in in-game performance between M-type and N-type chronotype groups. However, effect size analysis yielded small to very large differences in 3-point shots made and attempted, assists, and steals in favour of N-types compared to M-types during games. Shooting accuracy at different times of the day and in-game performance during the evening appear to be largely unaffected by chronotype among professional, male basketball players. The lack of observed effects suggest coaching staff may not need to closely consider player chronotype when scheduling training sessions or developing match strategies to optimise player shooting accuracy or in-game performance. However, considering the plausible effect of the time at which habitual training sessions are conducted (i.e., morning) on shooting accuracy, coaching staff may endeavour to schedule training sessions in line with that of times that games are typically held to ensure greatest specificity in aligning player circadian rhythms to competition.

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(9850247), C. Coyle. "Relationships between subjective and objective measures after total knee arthroplasty." Thesis, 2012. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Relationships_between_subjective_and_objective_measures_after_total_knee_arthroplasty/13387073.

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Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has proven successful in treating symptomatic arthritis of the knee. Since its development, many and varied outcome measures have been developed to assess outcome. None have been accepted as the universal standard, although some are widely used. Many measures have no data regarding validity, reliability or responsiveness. There is little guidance or consensus in the literature as to which should be used in clinical practice, research or audit. In addition, there is limited research assessing the relationship between subjective clinical outcome scores, patient perceived reports and objective measures such as the timed up and go test (TUG), knee laxity and muscle strength. Establishing relationships between self report and objective measures may aid clinicians in developing more appropriate interventions. Twenty four patients underwent unilateral TKA and were assessed a mean of 27.5 (SD 11.7) months after surgery. Assessment included four patient reported scores (Knee Outcomes and Osteoarthritis Score, Oxford Knee Score, American Knee Society Score and Short Form 12) and three objective outcome scores (knee laxity, quadriceps muscle strength and timed up and go test (TUG). Significant (<0.05) correlations were demonstrated between the four patient reported scores (r=0.410- 0.786) except the MCS portion of the SF12 (r=0.286-0.483). The TUG was the only objective outcome measure to demonstrate a statistically significant (p=0.0001-0.005) correlation with subjective knee outcome scores (OKS, KOOS and 4 items of the KOOS) (r=--0.557 to -0.770). A patient's ability to walk at a certain pace is correlated with patient satisfaction after TKA. There were no 4 observed correlations between knee laxity or quadriceps muscle strength with the four subjective knee scores. Therefore for a comprehensive assessment of outcome after TKA, use of a combination of objective and subjective outcome measures is recommended, as they measure different aspects of outcome.

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(9790757), Benjamin Dascombe. "Pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle oxygenation responses to exercise in well-trained young and middle-aged cyclists." Thesis, 2007. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Pulmonary_oxygen_uptake_and_muscle_oxygenation_responses_to_exercise_in_well-trained_young_and_middle-aged_cyclists/13420550.

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"This thesis details four consecutive research investigations which were designed to examine the effect of age on the pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2)and muscle oxygenation (mOxy) responses to exercise in well-trained cyclists." -- abstract.

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(7742429), T. Young. "The relationship between lower extremity balance, objective, and subjective outcome measures in patients with ACL - deficient ACL - reconstructed knees." Thesis, 2014. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_relationship_between_lower_extremity_balance_objective_and_subjective_outcome_measures_in_patients_with_ACL_-_deficient_ACL_-_reconstructed_knees/13437104.

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"The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between single limb standig balance as measured by total Centre of Pressure (CoP) pathlength in a fixed time interval using the Wii Balance Board, objective outcome measures of knee function as assessed by single-legged hopping test, vertical jump test, isometric muscle strength of both the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups, and common subjective knee rating scales in participants with ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructured knees."

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(9810728), Morwenna Kirwan. "The associations between sport commitment, explanatory style, physical self-concept and athlete selection and acceptance in a cycling talent identification program." Thesis, 2008. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_associations_between_sport_commitment_explanatory_style_physical_self-concept_and_athlete_selection_and_acceptance_in_a_cycling_talent_identification_program/20011094.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if anthropometric, performance and psychological measures could predict selection and acceptance of participants in a Talent Identification (TID) program for cycling. Participants (n = 72; male = 46; female = 26; age = 15.4 ± 2.0 yrs) underwent measurements of height, body mass, maximal aerobic power, sprint running speed, leg power, sport commitment, explanatory style and physical self-concept. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine which of these variables related to both selection and acceptance into the cycling TID squad. Maximal aerobic power, running speed, and leg power made significant (p <.05) contributions to selection into the TID program. Sport commitment was predictive of accepting the invitation into the TID program. The results suggest that although physical performance capacities were predictive of selection into the TID squad, sport commitment was the greatest predictor of acceptance. The findings suggest the importance of considering psychological measures in the initial phase of a TID program.

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(9787535), Ross Clark. "The potential for variable range of motion training to optimise functional performance." Thesis, 2007. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_potential_for_variable_range_of_motion_training_to_optimise_functional_performance/13426781.

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"Although full range of motion (ROM) resistance training is a successful method of enhancing force potential, it does possess a number of limitations such as terminal deceleration and the countermovement occurring at the same position during all repetitions. In an effort to overcome these drawbacks, this thesis explored the effects of variable range of motion (VROM) resistance training on neuromuscular performance, activation and muscle architecture. This method of training involves the countermovement position occurring in a different ROM for each set. Experiment 1 consisted of a study examining the load lifted, force produced and concentric workload during a VROM training session. The findings of this study suggested that VROM training results in increased peak force levels as the training ROM decreased, a potential foundation for enhanced longitudinal performance benefits. A potential mechanism for these proposed gains in response to VROM training appeared to be a change in muscle architecture. Therefore, Experiment 2 examined the relationship between muscle architecture and upper body pressing strength and power in 30 professional rugby league players. The results of this study revealed that while changes in pennation angle were originally believed to be a potential mechanism for performance gains in response to VROM training, the limited relationship between this variable and function suggested otherwise. Finally, Experiment 3 examined the effect of VROM training on strength, power, neuromuscular activation and muscle architecture in 22 professional rugby league players. The results of this final study revealed that VROM training produced enhanced full ROM ballistic performance and isokinetic strength towards the terminal phase of the bench press movement. These findings suggest that a VROM training program provides superior performance gains in subjects with extensive resistance training experience, and is therefore a worthy addition to a high level athletes training program." -- abstract

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(13145966), Gregory John Rowsell. "Predicting maximal 400-m swim performance using submaximal swim times and training log variables." Thesis, 1999. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Predicting_maximal_400-m_swim_performance_using_submaximal_swim_times_and_training_log_variables/20365512.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity of using a combination of submaximal swim measures and log book variables to predict 400-m maximal swim performance in well -trained triathletes. Seven well -trained triathletes (five male, two female) recorded subjective ratings of well being (quality of sleep, fatigue, stress and muscle soreness), training effort (day prior), resting morning heart rate and previous day's training details (minutes swum, bicycled or run) in daily training logs for a 42 -day period during the preparation phase of a triathlon -training year. Each participant also completed three consecutive swimming performance measures (200-m and 500-m submaximal, and 400-m maximal swims) at two of four regular weekly swim -training sessions. Statistical analyses revealed that 200-m submaximal swim time (r = 0.602, p = 0.000), 500-m submaximal swim time (r = 0.655, p = 0.000), quality of sleep (r = 0.201, p = 0.039), stress (r = 0.251, p = 0.013) and training effort (day prior) (r = 0.314, p = 0.003) were significantly correlated to the variation in 400-m maximal swim performance. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 49.4% of the variance in 400-m maximal swim performance was predicted by the 200-m and 500- m submaximal swim times. A combination of submaximal swim measures and log book variables significantly enhanced (F (7, 68) = 3.324, p = 0.004) the prediction such that 58.4% of the variance in 400-m maximal swim performance was explained. These results suggest that a combination of log book variables and submaximal swim measures account for a significant amount of the variance in 400-m maximal swim performance and that a combination of these variables may be used to monitor individual responses to swim training in well -trained triathletes.

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(9779354), Anthony Barnett. "Monitoring training, performance and performance-related states in elite endurance athletes: A dynamic, idiographic, naturalistic approach." Thesis, 2010. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Monitoring_training_performance_and_performance-related_states_in_elite_endurance_athletes_A_dynamic_idiographic_naturalistic_approach/13458590.

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"This thesis examined the potential of dynamic linear models (DLMs) to assist in understanding training-performance relationships in elite endurance athletes. It also examined the methods currently used for the planning and modelling of training for peak performance and their limitations. Based on the review of literature, the context of this thesis was to examine how DLMs could potentially be used to enhance the understanding of the relationships between physical training, performance-related states and performance in individual elite endurance athletes and thereby assist in the planning of their training"--Abstract.

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(13126617), Dave Robinson. "Expansive and entertaining or play-safe and dull? An examination of the playing styles of international rugby teams participating in the 1998 Tri-nations Series and the 1998 Five Nations Championship." Thesis, 1999. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Expansive_and_entertaining_or_play-safe_and_dull_An_examination_of_the_playing_styles_of_international_rugby_teams_participating_in_the_1998_Tri-nations_Series_and_the_1998_Five_Nations_Championship/20346798.

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Considering the large financial investment made by broadcasters and sponsors in the game of rugby union recently, the nature of elite rugby as a spectacle is of great interest to these parties as well as the game's administrators. What style of play characterises international rugby Test matches? Are they exhibitions of the best that rugby has to offer, characterised by an exciting, expansive and inherently risky style of play? Or do their participants reflect a defensive, no -mistakes, safety -first attitude borne of the weight of national expectations and the spectre of losing a high -profile and financially rewarding position in the national team? Is an expansive style of play conducive to winning Test matches? Which national teams exhibited expansive styles of play in their respective international competitions in 1998?

Studies have been conducted using notational analysis to identify and measure indicators of a team's willingness to play expansive rugby (Carter and Potter, cited in Ackford,1995c; Thomas, cited in Ackford, 1997c). Honan (1996) has identified two indicators of a team's use of an expansive game style. Firstly, the attack ratio calculates number of general play passes (discounting scrumhalf passes) divided by the number of general play kicks. The second indicator counts the number of passes per attack. Eight games from the 1998 Five Nations Championship and all six games of the 1998 Tri- Nations series were analysed. The total number of passes, kicks, runs, successful runs, tries, penalties, conversions and phases were recorded. From this data, each team's attack ratio, number of passes per attack, successful run percentage and run -kick ratio were calculated.

Two further indicators of a team's style of play were taken and measured from Thomas' study (Ackford, 1997c). These were the percentage of total points scored as tries and the time in the match that these tries were scored. Results revealed that, in their respective international competitions, England (336%), France (345%) and Scotland (304%) had higher attack ratios than New Zealand (257%), South Africa (203%) and Australia (150%). New Zealand, out of the eight countries analysed, had the highest number of passes per attack with 1.64 (and did not win a game in the Tri-Nations series) while Australia had the lowest number of passes per attack with 1.18.

These results would appear to indicate that the 1998 Tri-Nations series exhibited less expansive rugby than was evidenced in all of the 1998 Five Nations games played by England and Scotland and the majority of games played by France. This suggests either a more effective defensive contribution in 1998 Tri-Nations matches or a greater willingness to attack with the ball -in -hand on the part of England, Scotland and France. In light of England's performances against Australia and South Africa in late 1998 and Scotland's winning of the 1999 Five Nations Championship, this data might have proved a useful predictor of these countries' intended tactical direction.

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(9845789), Susan Williams. "Creating healthy adolescents and secondary school environments: Use of formative research in school based obesity prevention (the CHASE project)." Thesis, 2009. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Creating_healthy_adolescents_and_secondary_school_environments_Use_of_formative_research_in_school_based_obesity_prevention_the_CHASE_project_/13454294.

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Students of six Rockhampton secondary schools were sampled to explore associations between Body Mass Index, involvement in moderate and physical activity and healthy nutrition with the aim of developing school-based interventions for the prevention of adolescent obesity.

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Wilkinson, Maureen. "Ultrasound analysis of the normal variability of muscle and tendon response to daily activity and excercise." 2003. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/46697.

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This thesis describes a series of studies in which ultrasound was used to measure muscle activity around the shoulder. The preliminary studies used professional musicians as subjects because the chronic nature of their problems with shoulder muscles offered an opportunity to test the usefulness of ultrasound in a changing physical environment. Once protocols, reliability, validity and sensitivity to change were established, the main study focused on ?normal? subjects in order to explore ?normal? variability.

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(9819704), Dean Miller. "Sleep measurement tools, circadian strategies, and dietary factors pertaining to sleep in athletes and non-athletes." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Sleep_measurement_tools_circadian_strategies_and_dietary_factors_pertaining_to_sleep_in_athletes_and_non-athletes_/22306516.

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Obtaining sufficient sleep is important for humans to maintain optimal performance. This is especially true for elite athletes striving to improve performance while contending with unique stimuli that may impact their sleep (e.g., training, competition, travel). Measurement tools, countermeasures, and/or strategies that can be used to mitigate factors that negatively affect sleep are of great interest to athletes, coaches, and practitioners. This dissertation addresses (1) the validity of a wearable device to measure sleep; (2) the impact of evening exercise modality on sleep; (3) the effectiveness of strategies to facilitate circadian adaptation following transmeridian travel; and (4) the effectiveness of combined nutritional ingredients on sleep.

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Mason, Rachael Ruth. "Whole body vibration training for multiple sclerosis patients : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Exercise and Sport Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1336.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was firstly to investigate whether 8 weeks of whole body vibration (WBV) training was an acceptable form of exercise for patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and secondly what effect it may have on measures of functional capacity. Methods: Fifteen participants with MS volunteered for WBV training three times a week on a commercialised Galileo Sport™ vibration machine with an oscillating platform. Training consisted of two four week blocks based on an increasing stimulus training programme (overload principle). The first fours weeks involving five sets of 1-min WBV with 1-min rest in between with increasing vibration frequency (15-25Hz, 2.6mm-4.1mm amplitude); the second four weeks training increased to eight sets of 1-min WBV (15-20Hz, 6.1mm amplitude). Functional performance measures (Timed up and Go, Standing Balance, Functional Reach and Timed walk) and quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) were conducted prior to training, at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 2 weeks (10wk) following the completion of the training. Results: The 10m walk test showed significant improvements at the 2m, 8m and 10m measure between pre vs. 8wk (P<0.05) and pre vs.10wk (P<0.05). Timed up and Go demonstrated a significant time effect (P<0.05). Standing balance showed significant improvements at pre and 4 week (p<0.05) and pre and 10 week (p<0.05). Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate WBV as an exercise training modality for MS patients. It was shown that not only is WBV training safe, well tolerated by MS patients but it also improved standing balance and walking speed in MS patients.

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(12240811), Christy Coyle. "Relationships between subjective and objective measures after total knee arthroplasty." Thesis, 2012. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Relationships_between_subjective_and_objective_measures_after_total_knee_arthroplasty/19358738.

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Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has proven successful in treating symptomatic arthritis of the knee. Since its development, many and varied outcome measures

have been developed to assess outcome. None have been accepted as the universal standard, although some are widely used. Many measures have no data regarding validity, reliability or responsiveness. There is little guidance or consensus in the literature as to which should be used in clinical practice, research or audit. In addition, there is limited research assessing the relationship between subjective clinical outcome scores, patient perceived reports and objective measures such as the timed up and go test (TUG), knee laxity and muscle strength. Establishing relationships between self report and objective measures may aid clinicians in developing more appropriate interventions.

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(5930816), Lucas J. Rooney. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND FINE MOTOR SKILLS IN 2-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN." Thesis, 2019.

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Numerous studies point to a link between fine motor skills and executive functioning (EF) in 3- to 6-year-olds (e.g., Oberer et al., 2017; MacDonald et al., 2016); however, it is unclear if this relation exists at younger ages. Therefore, the current project aimed to further explore EF and fine motor skills in typically developing 2-year-olds. Participants completed the Minnesota Executive Function Scale (MEFS), Spin the Pots, Shape Stroop, Snack Delay, and the Fine Motor portion (FMQ) of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale Version-2. These findings demonstrate a link between general EF and visual-motor integration in 2-year-olds.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified'

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