Academic literature on the topic 'Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified"
1
Jian, Nitong. "Progress on the application of functional dietary supplement in sports science." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123302032.
Full textAbstract:
Functional dietary supplements are now regarded as an important factor to keep physical health, maintain exercise status and improve athletic performance. More and more sports industries are focusing on such supplements, which makes the industry develop rapidly and pay more and more attention to the research and development of different products, functions and the efficacy of health care. In this paper, the functional dietary supplements were classified and summarized, and energy supply supplements were discussed in detail: glucose and Adenosine Triphosphate; Exercise protection supplements: chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine, collagen, vitamin D and calcium; Endurance supplements: strength supplements such as protein, creatine, β-alanine, epicatechin, and taurine. The existing problems of functional dietary supplements were analysed and summarized, and the future development prospects were prospected, hoping to provide references for the development and research of new products of functional dietary supplements.
2
Li, Shouxue, and Xiao Ma. "An Analysis Method of Exercise Load in Physical Training Based on Radial Basis Neural Network Model." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 23, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8383448.
Full textAbstract:
In the training process of professional athletes, to optimize the training plan and make the athletes play the best competitive state at a special time point, it is usually achieved by controlling the training load and active and effective recovery process. For the general public, daily exercise is mainly for physical fitness and physical rehabilitation. Whether it is a professional athlete or the general public, there are times when injuries occur during sports. The appropriate degree of exercise load varies from person to person. According to different sports, people’s exercise suitability is also different. Therefore, it is meaningful to analyze and monitor the exercise load of the athlete during exercise. This paper proposes to use radial basis neural network (RBFNN) in the analysis of sports f-load of athletes. RBFNN is a kind of neural network that relies on error backpropagation for parameter adjustment, and its convergence speed is slow. When the data dimension is large and the amount of data is large, it will affect the classification accuracy of the data. For this reason, this paper integrates the gray wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) and RBFNN, and applies GWO to the initial value determination of weights and thresholds, which can effectively reduce the adjustment range of parameters and improve the accuracy of data classification. The model can more accurately analyze the exercise load state of athletes during exercise. The experimental results show that the high-quality heart rate data can be classified based on the model used in this paper, so that the exercise load state can be correctly judged. This has a good reference value for the analysis of exercise load during sports training and the next monitoring.
3
Qi, Libin, and Yaohan Tang. "A Neural Network Approach for Chinese Sports Tourism Demand Based on Knowledge Discovery." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (April 4, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9400742.
Full textAbstract:
With the vigorous development of the Chinese economy and people’s pursuit of quality, sports activities of people pursuit are no longer limited to simple physical exercise, but a way that pursues higher-quality sports tourism. As a new industry, it cannot guarantee that sports tourism will be accepted by all people, and it will be limited by geographical, economic, time, and other conditions. The participation number of Chinese sports tourism is more concerned by organizers or operators. Predicting the participation number of sports tourism based on the knowledge discovery method is meaningful and economical work. In this paper, a variety of sports tourism data are classified by clustering method, and the categories with similar characteristics are classified. Then, the convolution and long short-term memory hybrid neural network are used to extract the spatial and temporal information of sports tourism characteristics, which completes the prediction of Chinese sports tourism categories. The research results show that the clustering method has high accuracy for the classification of sports tourism categories, and the weights occupied by the categories are relatively uniform. The ConvLSTM neural network also has obvious advantages in predicting Chinese sports tourism methods. The largest error is only 2.89%, and the correlation coefficient also reaches 0.98, which is enough to be trusted for the prediction of Chinese sports tourism categories.
4
Diaz-Castro, Javier, Jorge Moreno-Fernandez, Ignacio Chirosa, Luis Javier Chirosa, Rafael Guisado, and Julio J. Ochoa. "Beneficial Effect of Ubiquinol on Hematological and Inflammatory Signaling during Exercise." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020424.
Full textAbstract:
Strenuous exercise (any activity that expends six metabolic equivalents per minute or more causing sensations of fatigue and exhaustion to occur, inducing deleterious effects, affecting negatively different cells), induces muscle damage and hematological changes associated with high production of pro-inflammatory mediators related to muscle damage and sports anemia. The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term oral ubiquinol supplementation can prevent accumulation of inflammatory mediators and hematological impairment associated to strenuous exercise. For this purpose, 100 healthy and well-trained firemen were classified in two groups: Ubiquinol (experimental group), and placebo group (control). The protocol was two identical strenuous exercise tests with rest period between tests of 24 h. Blood samples were collected before supplementation (basal value) (T1), after supplementation (T2), after first physical exercise test (T3), after 24 h of rest (T4), and after second physical exercise test (T5). Hematological parameters, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were measured. Red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, VEGF, NO, EGF, IL-1ra, and IL-10 increased in the ubiquinol group while IL-1, IL-8, and MCP-1 decreased. Ubiquinol supplementation during high intensity exercise could modulate inflammatory signaling, expression of pro-inflammatory, and increasing some anti-inflammatory cytokines. During exercise, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, VEGF, and EGF increased in ubiquinol group, revealing a possible pro-angiogenic effect, improving oxygen supply and exerting a possible protective effect on other physiological alterations.
5
Lombardo, Mauro, Alessandra Feraco, Elisabetta Camajani, Stefania Gorini, Rocky Strollo, Andrea Armani, Elvira Padua, and Massimiliano Caprio. "Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns and Physical Activity on Body Composition: A Gender and Age Group Comparative Study." Foods 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13040529.
Full textAbstract:
This cross-sectional study analyses differences in dietary habits, taste preferences, variety of protein sources and body composition (BC) profiles among individuals following omnivorous, flexitarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and pescatarian diets. Furthermore, it assesses the correlations between these dietary patterns and various sports, classified by exercise intensity, in relation to BC parameters. The study analysed the eating habits and BC data of 1342 participants aged 18–65 years, classified into four diet groups based on their 7-day food diaries and questionnaire responses. Our analysis revealed gender- and age-related differences in weekly food consumption and protein source variety, with men generally consuming more meat, processed meat and fish than women, especially in younger age groups. Differences in dairy and soy consumption were also noted between age groups, while legume and soy preferences showed no gender disparity across all ages. Among non-sporting individuals, vegetarians exhibited lower fat mass (FM%) compared to other diets, while among athletes, vegetarians and pescatarians in in endurance and strength sports, respectively, displayed lower FM%, with flexitarians and omnivores in endurance sports showing higher FM%. Non-athletic omnivores and vegetarians demonstrated a greater proportion of body protein, while among athletes, those engaged in strength training exhibited a higher body protein content across all dietary groups compared to those in endurance training. Among non-athletic groups, vegetarians exhibited the lowest FM/FFM (fat mass/fat-free mass) ratio, while among athletes, vegetarians in endurance sports and participants in strength training across other diets showed lower FM/FFM ratios. The results emphasise the complex interaction between diet, BC and lifestyle choices, revealing how different combinations of diet and sport are associated with optimised BC.
6
Yue, Qiang. "Dynamic Database Design of Sports Quality Based on Genetic Data Algorithm and Artificial Intelligence." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7473109.
Full textAbstract:
According to the traditional data mining method, it is no longer applicable to obtain knowledge from the database, and the knowledge mined in the past must be constantly updated. In the last few years, Internet technology and cloud computing technology have emerged. The emergence of these two technologies has brought about Earth-shaking changes in certain industries. In order to efficiently retrieve and count a large amount of data at a lower cost, big data technology is proposed. Big data technology has played an important role for data with various types, huge quantities, and extremely fast changing speeds. However, big data technology still has some limitations, and researchers still cannot obtain the value of data in a short period of time with low cost and high efficiency. The sports database constructed in this paper can effectively carry out statistics and analysis on the data of sports learning. In the prototype system, log files can be mined, classified, and preprocessed. For the incremental data obtained by preprocessing, incremental data mining can be performed, a classification model can be established, and the database can be updated to provide users with personalized services. Through the method of data survey, the author studied the students’ exercise status, and the feedback data show that college students lack the awareness of physical exercise and have no fitness habit. It is necessary to accelerate the reform of college sports and cultivate students’ good sports awareness.
7
Redding, Emma, and Matthew Wyon. "Strengths and Vífeaknesses of Current Methods for Evaluating the Aerobic Power of Dancers." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 7, no. 1 (March 2003): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089313x0300700102.
Full textAbstract:
The methods of measuring aerobic power in dance is reviewed. The underlying metabolic pathways used during dance class and performance are examined and, in conclusion, dance has been classified as an intermittent form of exercise. The relevancy of measuring maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in relation to intermit-tent exercise is discussed with regard to other sports. Previous dance VO2max data is examined in relationship to other exercise forms and it is shown to be comparable to results in other non-endurance sports. The limitations of graded exercise tests with regards to extrapolating oxygen data from heart rates during dance has been highlighted as a flaw in a number of previous research studies and a limitation to be aware of in future re-search. Due to the infancy of dance science, the availability of valid and reliable laboratory and field tests are limited and, therefore, until further research is done, there needs to be a reliance on tests de-veloped in the health and sport environ-ments. Such tests should be graded, either in speed or gradient, with stages of at least 3 minutes and be weight-bearing. Even though no research to date has shown that dancers with improved VO2max perform better, the review suggests that both the aerobic and anaerobic systems need to be stressed to a greater extent than seen presently within dance class.
8
Khudolii, Oleg, Pavol Bartík, Dmytro Ivanov, and Andrii Bezzub. "Didactics: Peculiarities of Motor Skills Development in Boys Aged 14-15." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 21, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2021.4.14.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of motor skills development in boys aged 14-15.
Materials and methods. The study participants were boys aged 14 (n=20) and 15 (n=20). The children and their parents were fully informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. To solve the tasks set, the following research methods were used: study and analysis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical observation, timing of training tasks; pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, discriminant analysis, nearest neighbor analysis.
Results. The study made an assumption about a significant influence of the modes of alternating exercise repetitions and the rest interval on the effectiveness of motor skills development in boys aged 14 and 15. The standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients helped to determine age peculiarities and the peculiarities of influence of exercise modes on the effectiveness of motor skills development. They showed that the components of motor fitness are a priority in developing motor skills. The structure canonical discriminant function coefficients indicate the importance of movement control skills for mastering the entire exercise.
Conclusions. Discriminant analysis revealed the peculiarities of motor skills development in boys aged 14 and 15, depending on age and exercise modes. With the first exercise mode, boys aged 15 master the first, second, and fourth series of training tasks more quickly. Boys aged 14 – the sixth series (exercise mode: 6 repetitions, rest interval of 60 s). With the second exercise mode, boys aged 14 master the first and fourth series of training tasks more quickly. Boys aged 15 – the second series (exercise mode: 12 repetitions, rest interval of 60 s).
The coordinates of centroids for four groups indicate a significant difference in the influence of exercise repetition modes on the number of repetitions required for motor skills development in boys aged 14-15 during physical education classes. The results of group classification show that 87.5% of the original grouped cases were classified correctly.
9
Contreras-Osorio, Falonn, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Enrique Cerda-Vega, Rodrigo Campos-Jara, Cristian Martínez-Salazar, Rodrigo Araneda, Daniela Ebner-Karestinos, Cristián Arellano-Roco, and Christian Campos-Jara. "Effects of Sport-Based Exercise Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 12573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912573.
Full textAbstract:
Exercise programs of moderate-to-vigorous intensity have been shown to improve the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects of sports-based exercise programs on cognitive performance, particularly executive functions, remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of sports-based exercise programs on executive functions in older adults using a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature. A systematic review was conducted between 1 March and 1 July 2022, to look for published scientific evidence that analyzed different sports programs that may have affected executive function in healthy older adults. Longitudinal studies, which assessed the effects of sports interventions on healthy older adults, were identified through a systematic search of the four principal electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. A total of nine studies with a total of 398 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on one or more of the following categories: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software to facilitate the analysis of the studies. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. In terms of working memory, a small but positive significant effect was noted for the intervention group compared to the control group (effect size (ES) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04–0.67; p = 0.029; I2 = 36.7%); in terms of inhibition, the intervention had a small favoring but no significant effect compared to the control group (ES = 0.20, 95% CI = −0.42–0.84; p = 0.517; I2 = 78.8%); and in terms of cognitive flexibility, the intervention had a small favoring but no significant effect compared to the control group (ES = 0.39, 95% CI = −0.11–0.89; p = 0.131; I2 = 75.5%). Our findings suggest that healthy older adults should be encouraged to participate in sports to improve their working memory; however, more studies are required in this area to reach more robust conclusions. This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42022284788).
10
Zhou, Xinliang, and Shantian Wen. "Analysis of Body Behavior Characteristics after Sports Training Based on Convolution Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7006541.
Full textAbstract:
The use of artificial intelligence technology to analyze human behavior is one of the key research topics in the world. In order to detect and analyze the characteristics of human body behavior after training, a detection model combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. Firstly, the human skeleton suggestion model is established to analyze the driving mode of the human body in motion. Secondly, the number of layers and neurons in CNN are set according to the skeleton feature map. Then, the output information is classified according to the fatigue degree according to the body state after exercise. Finally, the training and performance test of the model are carried out, and the effect of the body behavior feature detection model in use is analyzed. The results show that the CNN designed in the study shows high accuracy and low loss rate in training and testing and also has high accuracy in the practical application of fatigue degree recognition after human training. According to the subjective evaluation of volunteers, the overall average evaluation is more than 9 points. The above results show that the designed convolution neural network-based detection model of body behavior characteristics after training has good performance and is feasible and practical, which has guiding significance for the design of sports training and training schemes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified"
1
Cowley, Joseph G. "Mind the gap : exploring the decline in physical activity at the transition stage of adolescence in Glasgow youth." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/25383/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aimed to investigate physical education, physical activity and sport (PEPAS) participation and the adoption of health behaviours in Scottish adolescents. To address this topic, I start with a general reflection on the current state of Scottish health, through the lens of the Scottish and nested Glasgow effects. Subsequently, building on this conceptual base, I outline a series of three studies to further investigate the linkages between PEPAS and accumulating life stress and health behaviours. Accordingly, the thesis narrative consists of 4 distinct research outputs (1 desktop study, followed by 3 studies involving the collection of primary data). These studies were arranged as follows: In Chapter 4 (research study 1), I suggest that a confluence of social, environmental, attitudinal and cultural stressors may combine to negatively influence biological health. The core conclusion of this conceptual paper was that PA may provide a highly efficient, and cost-effective means to remediating some of the issues underpinning the Scottish effect. Chapter 5 (research study 2) presents data comparing patterns of PA uptake in adolescents of low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds with more affluent age-matched peers. SES is a significant biopsychosocial stress-elevating consideration. These findings add to mounting evidence suggesting excessively accumulating life stress, not only diminishes health, but simultaneously reduces PA uptake in vulnerable populations. The outcomes of this study thus emphasise the negative relationship between excessive life stress and PA, and highlight that there may be a bidirectional relationship between these factors. Chapter 7 (research study 3) qualitatively investigates the barriers and facilitators of PEPAS and exercise in the broad general education (BGE) phase of CfE in Scotland. Focus groups were conducted with 39 secondary school pupils (S1-S2). This study adds context-specific information highlighting the role of self-image, perceived competence and social influence on PEPAS participation. Subsequent findings indicated that the delivery of traditional PE lessons, which prioritise sporting ability, act as a participation barrier to pupils who consider themselves 'non-sporty'. Chapter 8 (research study 4) builds on Chapter 7 by qualitatively investigating why young people in the post 16 phase of CfE discontinue participation in exercise, sport and PA, whilst analysing reasons for this post compulsory education decline in PA. Previous negative PE experiences were perceived as a major barrier to continued PA. Furthermore, this young cohort perceived that PE teachers focused primarily on physically capable students. Respondents also perceived that access to contemporary fitness activities would be a positive option both during PE lessons, and as a tool to promote lifelong PA. Key conclusions emanating from this thesis included: PA levels were significantly lower in those who had experienced greater accumulated life stress. Thereby suggesting that excessively accumulating life stress not only exerts a negative effect on health, but simultaneously reduces PA uptake in vulnerable populations. Activities where individuals felt singled out, such as fitness testing, present significant barriers to PEPAS. Similarly, an overly competitive, performance-based curriculum acted as a barrier for those who self-identified as 'non-sporty'. Many 16-18-year- olds see current cultural fitness trends as preferable to the range of activities traditionally promoted within PE. It was perceived that previous negative PE experiences acted as a barrier to continued PA into adulthood. A core finding arising from this thesis is the recommendation that promoting lifelong PA habits, particularly in those at risk of elevated life stress, should be a fundamental objective of educators. Furthermore, evidence uncovered during this thesis suggests that PE should be structured around pedagogical models promoting self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. Also, it is suggested that, during the senior phase, PE should be repackaged into an attractive compulsory brand. Finally, the implementation of current fitness and exercise trends, may prove an effective strategy in promoting lifelong activity and health and wellbeing.
2
(9798143), David Geard. "Masters athletes: Exemplars of successful adult aging?" Thesis, 2019. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Masters_athletes_Exemplars_of_successful_adult_aging_/13451129.
Full textAbstract:
The aging global population and the associated health issues that inevitably emerge in later life positions “successful aging” research as a public health priority. Although not definitively defined within the multidisciplinary gerontology literature, successful aging is broadly conceptualized as a multidimensional health-related phenomenon that adults desire as they age chronologically. Masters athletes systematically train for and regularly compete in masters sporting events that are specifically designed for adults who exceed the age at which elite, winning, open-age sport performances are typically achieved. Based on their capacity to continue participating in sport well into later life, sports science researchers have regularly characterized masters athletes as models or exemplars of successful aging, and suggested that it was the sport that masters athletes trained for and competed in that was promoting their successful aging.
The successful aging research on masters athletes that has been conducted to date has consisted of literature reviews, typically focused on older (age > 60 years) masters athletes who participate in individual endurance-oriented masters sport, and characterized successful aging narrowly as high physiological functioning. Therefore, to determine if masters sport promotes, and masters athletes exemplify, successful aging from a multidimensional perspective, primary research on a broader range of masters athletes with respect to their age and the sports they participate in, using a multidimensional model of successful aging, is required. To address this gap in knowledge, the current thesis presents four related studies (manuscripts 1 to 4) that investigated the following research questions, respectively:
(1) How is successful aging defined within the multidisciplinary gerontology literature, and can masters athletes be considered to be exemplars of successful aging according to the identified definition?
(2) Is the model of successful aging that is comprised of physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning factors an appropriate approach to use in future successful aging research on masters athletes?
(3) Is the model of successful aging that is comprised of physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning factors an appropriate approach to use in future experimental successful aging research on masters athletes and non-sporting adults, and do masters athletes have higher functioning across the specified domains than non-sporting adults?
(4) Does a 12-week masters cycling intervention promote successful aging across physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning domains compared to a recreational cycling control condition?
Chapter 2 (manuscript 1) is a literature review which concludes that successful aging could be operationally defined as a late-life process of change characterized by high physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning. Moreover, masters athletes were found to be likely exemplars of successful aging according to this multidimensional model of successful aging. Chapter 3 (manuscript 2) indicates that the model of successful aging that was comprised of physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning factors (proposed in chapter 2) was stronger than three plausible alternative models to use in future successful aging research on masters swimmers. Chapter 4 (manuscript 3) suggests that the model of successful aging that was confirmed in chapter 3 as an appropriate approach to conduct successful aging research on masters swimmers was also well suited to the measurement of a representative sample of masters athletes and a convenience sample of non-sporting adults. Moreover, masters athletes had significantly higher physical and social functioning, but not higher psychological and cognitive functioning than non-sporting adults. Finally, in line with the cross-sectional data from chapter 4, chapter 5 (manuscript 4) found that engagement in masters cycling by mid-aged recreational cyclists promoted significantly higher physical and social functioning, but not higher cognitive or psychological functioning, compared to recreational cycling controls.
The findings suggest that masters sport participation promotes high physical and social functioning throughout adulthood, and potentially high cognitive and psychological functioning later in life. Therefore, the masters athletes studied within the present thesis were not exemplars of successful aging relative to non-sporting adults across all of the physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning domains simultaneously. However, this thesis indicates that it is valuable and necessary to conduct further experimental research on the effects of a broader range of masters sports on aging trajectory. Such research should employ larger samples and more objective measures of the four domains of successful aging to more comprehensively investigate if masters athletes are exemplars of successful adult aging.
3
(9832892), Aaron Scanlan. "Development of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test (BEST) based on the activity demands of current open-age Australian male competition." Thesis, 2011. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Development_of_the_Basketball_Exercise_Simulation_Test_BEST_based_on_the_activity_demands_of_current_open-age_Australian_male_competition/13465601.
Full textAbstract:
"The present thesis firstly aimed to describe and compare the player activity demands within elite and sub-elite open-age Australian male basketball competitions ; and secondly develop a reliable and valid basketball simulation test based on these demands"--Overview.
4
(9876176), GA Abt. "An attempt to assess the effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise that simulates team sport play." Thesis, 2002. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/An_attempt_to_assess_the_effect_of_oral_creatine_monohydrate_supplementation_on_prolonged_high-intensity_intermittent_exercise_that_simulates_team_sport_play/13428734.
Full textAbstract:
Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise that simulated team sport play. Study 1 aimed at developing and validating a team sport play simulation. An activity profile representative of team sport play was developed. The activity profile was based on a number of time and motion studies of various sports including soccer, rugby union, basketball and Australian rules football. The activity profile was based around a 15 min protocol comprised of standing still, walking, jogging, running, fast running and sprinting. Each movement category speed was based on a percentage of the participant's peak sprinting speed. There were 94 changes in speed with a mean change in speed every 9.6 s during the 15 min activity profile. These changes in speed included three 3 s sprints and three 6 s sprints throughout the 15 min activity profile. The 15 min activity profile was repeated three times (45 min), followed by a 15 min break, followed by another three 15 min periods (45 min) for a total work duration of 90 min. The team sport play simulation was conducted on a non-motorised treadmill to allow participants to sprint more effectively than on a motorized treadmill and also allow changes in sprint speed to be measured. A Woodway non-motorised treadmill was instrumented to allow the measurement of force, power, speed and distance. Measures of oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate and RPE were also collected. Five participants covered a mean distance of 10196 ± 403 m over the 90 min protocol, which is within the values typically observed during team sport play (Reilly, 1994). Heart rate and oxygen uptake throughout the protocol averaged 170 b·min⁻¹and 74% Vo₂max respectively, which compare favourably to actual match-play (Bangsbo, 1994). Blood lactate concentration averaged 8.7 mmol·L⁻¹over the course of the simulation, which is somewhat higher than previously reported during actual match play (Reilly and Doran, 2001). Peak sprint speed declined significantly from 24.9 ± 0.9 km·h⁻¹in the first half to 23.6 ± 0.7 km·h⁻¹in the second half. While no previous studies have reported the changes in peak sprint speed during team sport play, Bangsbo (1994) reported that mean 20 m sprint speed declined by 2.3% in soccer players following a match. The team sport play simulation was found to have acceptable reliability (coefficient of variation) for the total distance covered (2.2%) and peak sprint speed (4.1% and 3.5% for the 3 s and 6 s sprints, respectively). However, peak sprint power was found to be an unreliable measure with a coefficient of variation of 8.8% for the 3 s sprints and 10.2% for the 6 s sprints. The results of Study 1 strongly suggest that the treadmill protocol effectively recreated the movement patterns and physiological responses to team sport play and therefore demonstrated both logical and criterion validity. Study 2 extended the validated treadmill protocol to the examination of the effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation for team sport play. Twelve participants completed the protocol following either five days of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation or placebo supplementation. Participants allocated to the creatine group were required to supplement their normal diet with creatine monohydrate (Creatine Plus, Sport-Test, Australia) at a rate of 20 g·day⁻¹. Participants were required to consume 5 g of creatine monohydrate plus 1 g of glucose four times per day. Muscle biopsies were performed prior to and following each simulation. Muscle samples were analysed for glycogen, phosphocreatine, ATP, free creatine, total adenine nucleotides and lactate. There were no significant differences between the creatine and placebo groups for the performance measures of total distance covered, mean peak sprint speed or sprint distance. There were also no significant differences between the groups for any of the physiological measures including heart rate, oxygen uptake, plasma lactate, RPE, body mass and plasma uric acid. While the results suggest that creatine-loading does not enhance team sport play performance, there was no significant difference in total muscle creatine concentration between the treatment and placebo groups prior to the team sport play simulation. There were a number of limitations in the design of the present study, such as the lack of a presupplementation muscle biopsy and a small sample size that have reduced the value of the present study. Consequently, no conclusions regarding the efficacy of creatine supplementation for team sport players can be drawn from the current study. Further detailed experiments are required before the practice of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation can be recommended for team sport players.
5
(9790478), Sandra Dalton. "Development and evaluation of a software prototype for hydrotherapy screening questionnaires and exercise routines." Thesis, 2007. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Development_and_evaluation_of_a_software_prototype_for_hydrotherapy_screening_questionnaires_and_exercise_routines/13429553.
Full textAbstract:
"This research investigated factors affecting the development and adoption of innovative work practices by exercise rehabilitation providers working in hydrotherapy pools. Using models from the fields of software engineering and behavioural science, this thesis describes how the author developed and then evaluated a software prototype to create individual exercise regimes and manage client information. The prototype was written by the researcher using Microsoft Access and Microsoft Visual Basic and included 563 exercise pictures drawn by the author as Microsoft Bitmap Images. This prototype was then evaluated for its S2quality and useS3 by nine professional staff at a large aquatic physiotherapy clinic in metropolitan Australia. The evaluation was conducted at the end of a one month software trial with participants completing two questionnaires and attending one of two focus group interviews. The questionnaires were a User Profile Questionnaire and a Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI). The major findings from the evaluation were that the prototype was too complex compared to the participants current methods of practice and it provided insufficient advantages to justify its adoption. This finding was reflected by the poor to below average results from the SUMI questionnaire and was discussed by participants during focus group interviews. Furthermore, the User Profile Questionnaire and the interviews suggest that hydrotherapy instructors are unlikely to use or be aware of existing exercise software products for creating client routines. For the 30% of participants who had previously used exercise software, none chose to use such products for their hydrotherapy clients because of the limited number and range of aquatic exercises they offered. While the results suggested a strong resistance to the use of any exercise software by hydrotherapy instructors, the participants strongly encouraged future development of the prototype, with design changes to better match their needs. The consensus of opinion encouraged removal or separation of the pre-exercise screening questionnaires and a focus on creating exercise routines. The prototypes large library of water exercises was recognized as a valuable resource with numerous opportunities to redesign the system used to classify different types of exercise in the library for use by different types of water-based exercise instructors. Conclusions drawn of this research are presented in two parts. The first presents a SWOT analysis, summarizing the major recommendations from the software evaluation. This includes strategies for improving both the software prototype and the general acceptance of a new technology. The second offers advice to others with an interest in undertaking creative research as a postgraduate project, especially in a field of science. This advice includes strategies found to be fundamental to the planning and management of creative research projects such as this." -- abstract.
6
(9796907), Jordan Fox. "The association between workload, sleep, and performance in basketball players." Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_association_between_workload_sleep_and_performance_in_basketball_players/13404311.
Full textAbstract:
In basketball, delivering appropriate workload stimuli while managing recovery between training sessions and competition is essential to promote favourable adaptations in players and to optimise performance. Sleep is a modifiable factor recognised as one of the most effective recovery interventions available to basketball players. While workload and sleep are conceptually important for player performance, investigations directly examining the associations between workload, sleep, and performance in basketball players are limited.
To address this gap, the aims of this thesis were to: 1) review current literature to identify the associations between workload and performance in team sports; 2) review current literature examining sleep in athletes, including factors affecting sleep and subsequent performance; 3) examine player monitoring approaches used by basketball coaches, along with barriers and facilitators to player monitoring; 4) assess the impact of training and game workloads on sleep duration and sleep quality in basketball players; 5) determine the associations between acute player workloads and in-game performance; and 6) identify the cumulative effects of sleep over 1-4 nights prior to competition on in-game performance.
Review of the literature revealed limited available research on the association between workload and performance in team sports including basketball. Furthermore, investigations documenting the associations between workload and sleep, and sleep and performance in athletes are lacking. The online survey demonstrated that while basketball practitioners find potential value in player monitoring, the implementation of monitoring is limited. One of the primary barriers to implementing player monitoring in basketball is a lack of understanding regarding which outcomes should be monitored, and how player monitoring data should be utilised in practice. As such, the overall findings of this thesis are extremely valuable to basketball practitioners given insight is provided regarding scenarios which may leave players susceptible to poor sleep as well as identifying which workload and sleep variables may be most useful to monitor in practice to optimise performance potential of players.
The original research reported in this thesis revealed that following games where physical (PlayerLoad [PL]) and perceptual (session-rating of perceived exertion [sRPE]) demands were high, sleep duration was significantly restricted in basketball players, which may have implications for recovery following competition. Regarding workload, all investigated variables possessed non-significant relationships with in-game performance. However, overall and high-intensity external workload (PL and high-intensity inertial movement analysis [IMA] events [accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, and jumps combined]) accumulated over the 7 days prior to competition and expressed per minute revealed small, positive associations with in-game performance in basketball players. For sleep variables, sleep efficiency captured 1 night prior to competition and subjective sleep quality accumulated over 1, 2, 3, and 4 nights prior to competition were significantly associated with in-game performance in basketball players. Furthermore, later wake times were significantly associated with favourable in-game performance in basketball players.
In combination, the thesis findings support routine monitoring of player workloads and sleep across the season; however, monitoring of acute sleep variables may be more important to understand in-game performance potential than monitoring of acute workload variables in basketball players. Specifically, following competition, particularly where in-game workload demands are high, sleep duration in players appears particularly important to monitor. Suboptimal sleep duration following competition may be mitigated by adjusting training or travel schedules that enable players to increase their opportunity for sleep via later wake times. Basketball practitioners should implement objective and subjective monitoring of sleep quality leading into competition and avoid early wake times where possible to maximise sleep duration and promote favorable in-game performance.
7
(9826058), Michael Pengelly. "The effect of chronotype on sport-specific performance in professional basketball players." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_effect_of_chronotype_on_sport-specific_performance_in_professional_basketball_players/19567663.
Full textAbstract:
Circadian rhythm refers to the biological processes that regulate the sleep/wake cycle and the 24-h oscillations that occur in several psychobiological responses. Differences in the diurnal variation in responses regarding circadian rhythms across individuals has led to the establishment of three distinguished chronotypes: morning types (M-types), neither types (N types), and evening types (E-types). Variations in acrophases of several physiological variables associated with each chronotype has led to the notion that peak athletic performance varies according to time of day in a chronotype-specific manner. Limited research has examined the effect of chronotype on sport-specific performance with most data exploring the effect on diurnal variation on sport-specific skills. Most data exploring the effect of diurnal variation on sport-specific skills indicate that a preference for neither morningness or eveningness (N types), is associated with superior performance between the afternoon and evening. Preliminary data examining the role of chronotype on sport-specific skill performance suggest morningness (M-types) is associated with superior performance earlier in the day (<14:00h), while a preference for eveningness (E-types) is associated with superior performance at night (>20:00h). However, no research has examined the effect of chronotype on basketball specific performance according to time of day. This is of particular importance to basketball teams in various leagues where players are exposed to fluctuating schedules across the season requiring completion of games with a variety of start times typically alternating between the afternoon and evening. Thus, the aims of this research were to 1) examine diurnal variations in shooting accuracy between chronotypes at different times of the day and, 2) identify the effect of evening games (>18:00h) on in-game basketball performance between different chronotypes in male basketball players.
Professional basketball players (n = 13) were recruited from the same team registered in the National Basketball League (NBL) and each player completed a Horne-Östberg Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (HÖ-MEQ) to determine their self-reported chronotype. Three players were categorised as M-types, nine players as N-types, and one player as an E-type. To examine differences in shooting accuracy between chronotypes according to time of day, players completed a shooting accuracy test consisting of 100 shots from five different locations
on separate days in the morning (08:00h-09:30h) and afternoon (15:00-16:30h). To equilibrate sample sizes, the data were split into tertiles for analysis (Anderson et al., 2018), where five players were assigned to the first tertile representing the M-types (HÖ-MEQ >54), four players were assigned to the second tertile representing the N-types (HÖ-MEQ 47-53), and four players were assigned to the third tertile representing the E-types (HÖ-MEQ <46). Shooting accuracy
in each test was determined via the cumulative score of the 100 shots using a 0–3-point scoring scale classifying each shot’s accuracy. To examine differences between chronotypes in in game performance during evening games played after 18:00h, box score data from the 2019/20 season (31 games) were retrieved and analysed. Using the results of each player’s HÖ-MEQ score (n = 11), players were split into M-types (n = 4) and N-types (n = 6). Due to only one player identifying as an E-type, E-type data were excluded from the analysis of in-game performance. In this way, separate linear mixed models were conducted to determine the effect
of chronotype (fixed effect) on each player (random effect).
Results from the shooting accuracy testing revealed no significant (p >0.05) differences in shooting accuracy scores between chronotype groups in either the morning or afternoon testing sessions. However, effect size analysis showed each chronotype group shot more accurately (small-large effects) in the morning trial (M-types: 213.0; N-types: 218.0; E-types: 206.0) compared to the afternoon trial (M-types: 201.5; N-types: 211.5; E-types: 191.0). Findings
regarding the in-game analyses revealed no significant (p >0.05) differences in in-game performance between M-type and N-type chronotype groups. However, effect size analysis yielded small to very large differences in 3-point shots made and attempted, assists, and steals in favour of N-types compared to M-types during games.
Shooting accuracy at different times of the day and in-game performance during the evening appear to be largely unaffected by chronotype among professional, male basketball players. The lack of observed effects suggest coaching staff may not need to closely consider player chronotype when scheduling training sessions or developing match strategies to optimise player shooting accuracy or in-game performance. However, considering the plausible effect of the time at which habitual training sessions are conducted (i.e., morning) on shooting accuracy, coaching staff may endeavour to schedule training sessions in line with that of times that games are typically held to ensure greatest specificity in aligning player circadian rhythms to competition.
8
(9850247), C. Coyle. "Relationships between subjective and objective measures after total knee arthroplasty." Thesis, 2012. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Relationships_between_subjective_and_objective_measures_after_total_knee_arthroplasty/13387073.
Full textAbstract:
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has proven successful in treating symptomatic
arthritis of the knee. Since its development, many and varied outcome measures
have been developed to assess outcome. None have been accepted as the universal
standard, although some are widely used. Many measures have no data regarding
validity, reliability or responsiveness. There is little guidance or consensus in the
literature as to which should be used in clinical practice, research or audit. In
addition, there is limited research assessing the relationship between subjective
clinical outcome scores, patient perceived reports and objective measures such as
the timed up and go test (TUG), knee laxity and muscle strength. Establishing
relationships between self report and objective measures may aid clinicians in
developing more appropriate interventions.
Twenty four patients underwent unilateral TKA and were assessed a mean of 27.5
(SD 11.7) months after surgery. Assessment included four patient reported scores
(Knee Outcomes and Osteoarthritis Score, Oxford Knee Score, American Knee
Society Score and Short Form 12) and three objective outcome scores (knee laxity,
quadriceps muscle strength and timed up and go test (TUG). Significant (<0.05)
correlations were demonstrated between the four patient reported scores (r=0.410-
0.786) except the MCS portion of the SF12 (r=0.286-0.483).
The TUG was the only objective outcome measure to demonstrate a statistically
significant (p=0.0001-0.005) correlation with subjective knee outcome scores (OKS,
KOOS and 4 items of the KOOS) (r=--0.557 to -0.770). A patient's ability to walk at
a certain pace is correlated with patient satisfaction after TKA. There were no
4
observed correlations between knee laxity or quadriceps muscle strength with the
four subjective knee scores. Therefore for a comprehensive assessment of outcome
after TKA, use of a combination of objective and subjective outcome measures is
recommended, as they measure different aspects of outcome.
9
(9790757), Benjamin Dascombe. "Pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle oxygenation responses to exercise in well-trained young and middle-aged cyclists." Thesis, 2007. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Pulmonary_oxygen_uptake_and_muscle_oxygenation_responses_to_exercise_in_well-trained_young_and_middle-aged_cyclists/13420550.
Full textAbstract:
"This thesis details four consecutive research investigations which were designed to examine the effect of age on the pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2)and muscle oxygenation (mOxy) responses to exercise in well-trained cyclists." -- abstract.
10
(7742429), T. Young. "The relationship between lower extremity balance, objective, and subjective outcome measures in patients with ACL - deficient ACL - reconstructed knees." Thesis, 2014. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_relationship_between_lower_extremity_balance_objective_and_subjective_outcome_measures_in_patients_with_ACL_-_deficient_ACL_-_reconstructed_knees/13437104.
Full textAbstract:
"The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between single limb standig balance as measured by total Centre of Pressure (CoP) pathlength in a fixed time interval using the Wii Balance Board, objective outcome measures of knee function as assessed by single-legged hopping test, vertical jump test, isometric muscle strength of both the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups, and common subjective knee rating scales in participants with ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructured knees."
Conference papers on the topic "Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified"
1
Rocha, José Claudio Casali da, Edipo Giovani França-Lara, and Selene Elifio-Esposito. "A remote, fully oriented personalized program of physical exercise for women in follow-up after breast cancer treatment improves body composition and physical fitness." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1049.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an individualized remote exercise program on the improvement of body composition and physical fitness of a heterogeneous group of patients who completed breast cancer treatment. Methodology: This prospective study included 107 women aged 18–60 years, shortly after curative treatment for localized breast cancer at the Erasto Gaertner Cancer Hospital (HEG) in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, and muscle resistance were evaluated after 9 months of intervention while considering adherence to the program, level of physical activity, presence of binge eating disorder, tumor classification, and treatment type. Results: Seventyeight women (72.8%) adhered to the training program. Adherent participants showed significant changes in body mass (-4.3±3.6 kg; p=0.0001), body mass index (-1.6±1.5 kg/m2 ; p=0.0001), body fat (-3.4±3.1%; p=0.0001), VO2 max (7.5±2.0 mL/ (kg×min); p=0.0001), and abdominal resistance (11.2±2.8 reps; p=0.0001). In contrast, these variables did not change significantly in the non-adherent group. Among the adherent participants, those sub-classified in the severe binge group showed a more noticeable reduction in body mass, body mass index, and body fat (p=0.05) than those in the non-binge group. The manuscript (not published) was recently accepted for publication in the journal Sports Medicine and Health Science. Conclusion: Individualized remotely-guided physical exercise programs can improve the body composition and physical fitness of women undergoing post-breast cancer surveillance, regardless of pathological history or treatment.