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1
Thomson, Alan. "Injury in elite rugby players during the Super 15 Rugby tournament." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13369.
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Includes bibliographical references.Professional rugby union is a contact sport with a high risk of injury. The Super Rugby competition is a particularly demanding 16-week Southern Hemisphere tournament. In this tournament, 15 teams compete and play international level matches every week, which may be associated with an even higher risk of injuries. The main objectives of this dissertation were 1) to review the epidemiology and risk factors of injuries in professional rugby union, with specific reference to the Super Rugby tournament (Part 1), and 2) to document the incidence and nature of time-loss injuries during the 2012 Super Rugby tournament (Part 2). Part 1: In this component of the dissertation, a comprehensive review of injuries during Super Rugby was undertaken. A search revealed only 3 studies that have been conducted during this competition. Therefore additional data were included from other studies on Rugby Union, where appropriate. Part 2: This component of the dissertation consists of a prospective cohort study that was conducted during the 2012 Super Rugby tournament, in which teams from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa participated. Participants consisted of 152 players from five South African teams. Team physicians collected daily injury data through a secure, webbased electronic platform. Data included the size of the squad, the type of day, main player position, whether it was a training or match injury, hours of play (training and matches), the time of the match injury, the mechanism of the injury, the main anatomical location of the injury, the specific anatomical structure of the injury, the type of injury, and the severity of the injury (days lost).
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Dousset, Florent. "Rugby et droit social." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10008.
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Le rugby est le dernier sport collectif en France a avoir choisi, à la fin d es années 1990, la voie du professsionalisme. Le rugbyman est désormais réménéré pour sa prestation athlétique qui constitue l'essentiel ou la totalité de ses revenus. Cette prestation s'exécute dans le cadre d'un contrat de travail reconnu comme étant salarié, impliquant ainsi l'intégration de la relation de travail en cause dans la sphère du droit social. Les dispositions législatives et réglementaires relatives au sport professionnel, et à fortiori relatives au rugby étant quasi-inexistantes, il en résulte une application des règles générales en la matière. Or, un examen de la pratique permet de constater que ces règles sont souvent écartées au profit d'usages et de règlements propres à l'activité. Quelle sont les justifications d'une telle mise à l'écart ? Résulte -t-elle d'une incompatibilité entre l'activité en cause et la règle de droit ? Est-elle justifiée par des nécessités de protection sociale ? Doit-on envisager une application coercitive du droit social ou au contraire militer en faveur d'une exception sportive ? Quels en sont les enjeux actuels ? Enfin, et plus fondentalement, le statut de salarié est-il encore adapté à la relation de travail en cause ? Tiré d'une expérience professionnelle de trois ans au sein d'un club de première division, rugby et droit social tente de faire un point sur une matière nouvelle, à l'orée de la future convention collective du rugby.
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Elloumi, Mohamed. "Suivi hormonal, métabolique, nutritionel et comportemental du sportif de haut niveau : relation avec la compétition et la récupération." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF20047.
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L'objectif de ce travail était, d'une part, d'analyser les effets de la pratique du rugby sur le tissu osseux et, d'autre part, d'effectuer le suivi, sur la base de paramètres biologiques et psychologiques, d'une équipe de rugby au cours d'une saison d'entraînement et de compétitions (saison internationale). Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que les joueurs de rugby avaient un CMO, une DMO et une surface osseuse augmentés au niveau de tous les sites analysés à l'exception du crâne. La comparaison entre avants et arrières a mis en évidence chez les arrières une adaptation site spécifique du tissu osseux. Au niveau hormonal, nous avons analysé les axes corticotrope, gonadotrope et somatotrope. Pour évaluer l'état de forme ou réciproquement de fatigue ainsi que l'état de stress et d'anxiété, nous avons utilisé respectivement les questionaires SFMS et SCAT. Les corrélations observées entre d'une part le SFMS et d'autre part l'IGFBP-3 et le T/C pourraient faire de ces deux paramètres deux indices de surentraînement
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Upton, Patrick Anthony Howard. "Epidemiology and prevention of rugby injuries amongst schoolboy, senior club and provincial rugby players in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26754.
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This thesis comprises a series of independent investigations examining rugby injuries occurring to players from under 14 to senior provincial level in the Cape Province (now the Western Cape). The first two studies report data aimed at gaining a more detailed understanding of rugby injuries in specific populations or under specific conditions, whilst the remainder of the thesis reports injury data from both a retrospective and a prospective epidemiological survey involving the same 3990 boys from 25 high schools. Following publication of data showing a progressive rise in the number of spinal cord injuries in the Western Cape, coupled with a sustained media attack on the attitudes of the (then) South African Rugby Board, certain experimental law changes were introduced to South African schoolboy rugby in 1990 and 1991. The purpose of the law changes was either to make the game safer or to make it more open and flowing, or both. Accordingly, the studies described in chapters 4 -8 set out to analyse the effects of these law changes on the incidence and nature of rugby injuries. This was accomplished by comparing data with a similar study conducted in 1983 and 1984 in the same 25 schools (Roux, 1992). The study reported in chapter 2 determined whether the use of neoprene (thermal) pants might reduce the risk of hamstring injury amongst 60 senior club rugby players, all of whom had previously sustained a hamstring muscle tear. The rationale was that the few seasons prior to this 1992 study had been characterised by an increasing use by rugby players of thermal or neoprene pants; a practice which seemed to have evolved spontaneously and without any scientific assessment of its value. We concluded that the wearing of thermal pants can reduce the risk of hamstring injury during rugby. However, other risk factors for injury are probably more important. These include levels of preseason physical fitness, correct warm up and stretching procedures before activity and adequate rehabilitation before returning to activity following injury. The objective of the study reported in chapter 3 was to determine the influence of preseason strength and endurance training on risk of injury in rugby players from two South African provincial teams during the 1992 rugby season. Players from one province followed a supervised scientifically-designed physical training programme, while those from the other did not follow a structured programme. The findings of the study, the first study to prove the relationship between pre-season preparation and early season injury, showed that inadequate pre-season endurance training is a major contributor to the high injury rate at the beginning of the season amongst provincial rugby players. Further, strength and endurance training are interrelated as risk factors. Thus, compared to players with adequate strength and endurance training, those with adequate strength training and insufficient endurance training are at greatest risk of injury, followed by players with insufficient strength and endurance training. It was also shown that contact practices 2 days after inter-provincial match contributed more to an increased number of injuries than to success; that "niggling" injuries may develop into more serious injury if players attempt to "play through" them; and that the lack of structured treatment and rehabilitation of an injury places players at risk of being re-injured.
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Roux, Charles E. "The epidemiology of schoolboy rugby injuries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24651.
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Schoolboy rugby injuries are a cause for concern in medical and non-medical circles, but few scientific investigations into their nature and frequency have been undertaken. The majority of reported rugby injury surveys are retrospective, have considered only specific injuries, or have reported only those seen at one location. Also, most studies have not distinguished minor injuries from major injuries. A pilot study conducted at one school in Cape Town during the 1982 rugby season, showed clear patterns of injury related to the age of players, their level of competition, playing position, the stage of the rugby season and the phase of play at the time of injury (Nathan et al. 198 3) . The studies as reported in this thesis were designed as a comprehensive follow-up study. The research methods and definition were similar but a much larger sample was studied and new areas not covered by the pilot study were introduced. During two 18-week seasons, in which approximately 4 700 players from 26 high schools played 6766 rugby matches, 905 players were prevented from participating in rugby for at least one week due to injury. The incidence and nature of injuries occurring to these players were followed in a prospective study and results were analysed for: (i) overall number and incidence of injured players; (ii) age-group and playing level; (iii) time of the season; (iv) phase of play; (v) playing position; (vi) type of injury; (vii) anatomical site; (viii) specific diagnoses; (ix) match vs practice injuries; (x) number of days off rugby; and (xi) medical treatment. The use of correspondence as a survey method resulted in 40 to 50% of injuries not being reported over the two-year period of the study. It appeared that the most accurate method of data collection was direct personal contact between the researcher and the injured player.
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Singer, Benjamin. "L'intelligence artificielle au service du rugby : acquisition et modélisationd'une expertise visuelle de prise de décision tactique : construction d'un système expert hybride d'aide à l'intervention pour la formation des joueurs et des cadres techniques." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100048.
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Nous focalisons notre contribution au niveau acquisition et modélisation de connaissances visuelles. Apres avoir justifié sa nécessite, nous proposons un langage d'élicitation de connaissances visuelles dont la définition formelle est donnée via ses composantes statiques et dynamiques. La deuxième partie de notre contribution est relative à la conception et à la mise en œuvre d'un outil logiciel d'acquisition de connaissances visuelles pilote par le langage précèdent. La troisième partie concerne la représentation de connaissances visuelles au niveau méthodologique et outil, par extension de la méthode et du logiciel initiaux. La quatrième partie décrit l'étude de cas complète menée pour la modélisation de l'expertise visuelle considérée dédiée a la prise de décision tactique en rugby. Le modèle conceptuel complet de l'expert est construit. Sont alors abordées la conception, l'implémentation et la validation du système expert final sur l'architecture cible. La conclusion met l'accent sur les intérêts de notre contribution au niveau théorique et pratique, ainsi que sur la généralité des résultats obtenus pour les expertises visuelles de prise de décision tactique en sports collectifsWe focus on our contribution at the visual knowledge acquisition and modelling levels. After justifying its necessity we propose a visual knowledge elicitation language whose formal definition is given via its static and dynamic component s. The second part of our contribution is related to the design and realization of a visual knowledge acquisition software tool driven by the previous language. The third part of our contribution deals with visual knowledge modelling at the methodological and tool levels by extending the initial method and software. The fourth part describes the whole case study carried out for modelling the visual expertise considered for tactical decision-making in rugby the complete conceptual model is built. Then we describe the design, implementation and validation of the final expert system on the target architecture. The conclusion points out the interests of our contribution both at the theoretical and practical levels, and the generality of the results achieved for team games study
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Marnewick, Michel. "Can a cross training program improve rugby skills in adolescent male rugby players?" Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/732.
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The purpose of this study was to find whether cross training could improve male adolescent rugby skills. Three major sports (soccer, basketball and wrestling) were selected to form the base of the cross training intervention program. Pre- and post-tests were performed with the entire rugby squad (24 participants) prior to and at the conclusion of the intervention program. After pre-testing, the participants were grouped into either the intervention (12) or the control group (12). Supervised cross training sessions were performed twice a week for 10 weeks as well as traditional rugby training twice a week for 10 weeks with the intervention group. The control group performed supervised conventional rugby training twice a week for 10 weeks. All participants (24) played in a rugby match once a week during the 10 week period of the study.
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Obel, Camilla. "Unions, Leagues and Franchises: The Social Organisation of Rugby Union in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/914.
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The thesis analyses the amateur game of rugby union by focussing upon the struggles for control between national and local unions and players. Using historical material and interviews with administrators, current players in the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, and Canterbury, a local provincial union, I show how the game of rugby union consolidated as the national game. I follow these actors through the shift to a global professional game sponsored by television networks and show how the local advantages in the New Zealand game come to be reconfigured in this context.
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den, Hollander Stefanus. "Measuring tackle and ruck technique in rugby union." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32648.
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Background: Developing tackle and ruck technique is important to improve performance in matches and reduce the risk of injury. Little is known regarding valid tools to assess tackle and ruck technique in rugby union. The aims of this thesis were (1) to assess the validity and representativeness of the contact assessment tool, and (2) to identify factors which may affect the degree to which contact technique developed in training transfers to matches. Methods: Tackle, ball-carry and ruck technique of players competing at different levels of play were assessed in a two-on-two training drill using standardised technical criteria. Technique scores between levels of play were compared to assess the validity of the contact assessment tool, and contact technique scores assessed in training and matches were compared to assess the representativeness of the tool. Physical qualities and questionnaire data on the importance of technique to improve performance and reduce injuries were compared to contact technique scores assessed in training, to determine the effect of physical conditioning and player's knowledge on contact technique proficiency. Finally, tackle and ruck technique scores assessed in training and matches were compared to measures of match performance and contact related injuries. Results: Senior players scored significantly higher in the tackle, ball-carrier and ruck assessment than academy 1st and 2nd level players, demonstrating the good construct validity of the assessment tool. Contact technique scores were associated with performance outcomes in training and in matches, although technique scores in matches were lower than technique scores in training. There were no significant relationships between player's knowledge of the importance of contact technique and their contact technique proficiency. There were moderate to large associations between various physical qualities and tackle, ball-carry and ruck technique scores assessed in training. Players with better contact technique in matches performed better in matches, however, there were no meaningful correlations between contact technique in training and match performance or match related contact injuries. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the validity of a tool to assess contact technique in rugby union with good representative learning design, however progressing the drill into less structured environments is recommended to further improve the representativeness of the assessment environment. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of contact skill training and physical conditioning to ensure skills developed in training are transferred to match performance.
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Lombard, Rene Naylor. "Preseason risk factors associated with hamstring injuries in club rugby players." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3018.
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Holtzhausen, Louis Johannes. "The epidemiology of injuries in professional rugby union in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26510.
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The first aim of this study was therefore to review the available literature on the epidem iology of injuries in professional rugby. The second aim was to collect data on medical profiles, previous injuries, use of protective gear, medication and nutritional supplements in South African professional rugby players. Thirdly, the incidence, nature and circumstances surrounding injuries in a cohort of professional South African rugby players were documented. The data collected was compared with available literature.
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Baker, Catherine Elizabeth. "An ethnographic enquiry into the use of sports science and technologies in professional rugby." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4926/.
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Sports Science and Sports Medicine are becoming an inherent part of the landscape of high performance sports environments. Such is their visibility, that there are currently over 25,000 students training as sports scientists alone; a number greater than the other classical sciences combined. Through an ethnographic study of two professional rugby teams over the course of 12 months, it is shown that the ways in which these technologies and knowledge are deployed in the field differ substantially from their academic and philosophical basis. Drawing upon the work of Foucault, Goffman and Bourdieu, it is suggested that the use of science and technologies within the Medical and Strength and Conditioning departments alters in light of the physical location, the staff involved and the perceived attachment of these tools to higher order knowledge structures derived from beyond the immediate field of enquiry. Moreover, it is argued that the justification for the adoption of ‘science’ in these specific subcultural domains more often relates to social, political and operative means rather than the theoretical bases cited. A typology of use is presented in an effort to clarify the factors affecting the use of Sports Science and Sports Medicine in elite sport, and the implications that these have for the staff, athletes and serving knowledge bases. Notions of identity, surveillance and self governance are central in understanding the relative ease with which technologies of performance have managed to infiltrate the studied environments, and it is posited that similarities may exist in other cultures synonymous with elite sport. This is an ethnography of ‘science in action’.
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Sulayman, Shamila. "Transformation policy for South African rugby : comparative perceptions." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1649.
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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006In 1992 the game of rugby became a unified entity for the first time in the history of the game in South Africa. Prior to that, like every other sport within South Africa, as well as other societal facets, sport had been played, administered, managed and funded along racially segregated lines. This reality was a direct product of South Africa's ruling party's official policy of Apartheid, which had officially been in existence since 1948 and, which meant that South Africa was divided and ruled in terms of its peoples' races and cultures. For all of rugby's stakeholders from both divides, namely blacks and whites, it would, therefore, require a change in mindset, attitude and practice in order to embrace this newfound unity, which would bring people together on the playing fields for the first time in more than 100 years. It has become evident, though, that in spite of the South African Government's call, via the South African Sports Ministry and its overseeing body, the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC), for more transparency in terms of the South African Rugby Union's (SARU's) intentions for transformation within South African rugby and in spite of the government's guidelines and objectives for a democratic approach to sport in South Africa, the transformation pace within South African rugby has been inconsistent and slowed. This slowed process has also been inconsistent with SARU's measures and attempts at developing players; particularly those who hail from historically disadvantaged backgrounds
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Gissane, Connor. "The epidemiological approach to sports injury : the case for rugby league." Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6633.
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In any sporting activity it is important to know how many injuries players might receive and also what type of injuries will be received, so that efforts can be made to reduce the risk of injury. This thesis examines the injury incidence associated with playing professional rugby league, and examines some of the risks associated with injury whilst playing the game. The first paper describes the pattern of injury incidence in professional rugby league and noted that it is higher than in other popular team sports. The second paper examines the different exposures of forward and back players and observes that forwards experience higher rates of injury. The third and fourth papers examine the effect of moving the playing calendar to summer rugby. The risk of injury has increased 67%, and it is also shown that 13% of players experience a 2-3% body mass loss in 14 of 16 games played in excess of 19°C ambient temperature. The next two papers look specifically at the number of collisions experienced by players during the course of a game. Forwards are involved in more collisions (55) than backs (29) during the course of each game. Also, backs have a significantly higher injury rate per 10,000 physical collisions compared to forwards. The next paper proposes a cyclical operational model to examine the interrelationship of a number of factors that are involved in sports injury epidemiology. The application of this proposed cyclical model may lead to greater success in understanding the multi-faceted nature of sports injuries. The final study in the series summarise the injury rates in professional rugby league football from previously published studies. The overall injury rate is 40.3 injuries per 1,000 hours (95% CI 36.9 to 43.8). The majority of injuries are to the lower half of the body (20.7 per 1,000 hours, 17.7 to 24), with the trunk receiving the least (6.7 per 1,000 hours, 5 to 8.6).
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Darko, Natalie. "Rugby union men : body concerns." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10081.
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Existing research shows that increasing numbers of young men are dissatisfied with the appearance of their bodies. Research has found that men will use sport and health-related sports acts to conceal these concerns from others. Accordingly, men s body dissatisfactions are documented less frequently because the practices drawn upon to conceal them are perceived as routine forms of masculine behaviour. Rugby union is one of the most popular sports played by young men in England. Historically, the male rugby player is culturally perceived as strong, tough and unemotionally articulate. Existing research draws attention to health issues, such as performance stress and injury that arise through participation in this sport. Research also shows that rugby union players are likely to experience concerns about gaining weight, yet these are disguised within the requirements of training for the sport. Although, there are studies that examine the constitution of masculinities, the experience of pain and injury and career transitions among rugby union players there are no studies, as yet, that examine how rugby union men experience body concerns and manage these experiences through their sport. The research discussed in this thesis examines how a group of rugby union men (25) aged 18-25, of varied racial identity, ethnic and social backgrounds, participating in an elite university rugby union 1st XV team, experience concerns about the appearance and performance of their bodies and the ways in which such concerns develop. It also examines if and how these men used the sport and health-related sports acts, to overcome their concerns and conceal them from others. A theoretical framework, which draws on the concepts of the three theorists: Connell (1995, 2008) Goffman (1959; 1961; 1979) and Bourdieu (1978; 1979; 1984), is developed. As part of this, a new concept has been created from Goffman s dramaturgical approach: that of the intimate dimension. In this dimension intimate relationships occur. It is located away from the front region, (the public), and the back region (semi-public spaces) where less formal relationships occur. It includes the research interview, with a woman researcher, and some other women such as girlfriends, sisters or female friends and also one or two other rugby men with whom the rugby men demonstrated a close bond. Within this dimension the rugby men are more forthcoming about the personal elements of their rugby lives. The theoretical framework is used to examine these men s concerns, how they are developed, experienced and managed. Recognising that cultural assumptions of a tough and less expressive masculinity assigned to this sport can potentially make it difficult for men to express these concerns, a combination of visual research methods and ethnography are used to examine these men s body concerns and their management. This includes collaborative collection of photography and photo-elicitation interviews. The research shows that embodied experiences of discomfort, associated with pain, injury, concerns about height, being overweight or out of shape, and social experiences of exclusion led to the development of the rugby men s body concerns. For these rugby men, their rugby masculinities are influential to the management and concealment of their body concerns. They suppress and conceal their body concerns in the front and back regions of the sport and reveal them in more intimate dimensions. The rugby men s relationships with each other, in the back regions of the sport, were the most influential to this identity, but more importantly, to the management and reinforcement of these concerns. This thesis contributes to filling the gap in existing academic research by examining body concerns and its management amongst rugby union men. It also extends existing research that has found men conceal their body concerns in sport, because it looks at how these men manage these concerns differently in different regions of their sport. Furthermore, a theoretical framework that combines interactionism and phenomenology is used to study sociologically men s body concerns in these different contexts. The combination of visual methods and ethnography goes beyond some of the existing methods used in clinical and sociological research that have examined men's body concerns. They can be used to enhance understanding of clinical forms of body concern and other emotional concerns rugby union men and other sportsmen, of all ages, have about performance, pain and injury. The incorporation of visual methods is potentially widely applicable because they have increasing precedence in sportsmen s lives to analyse performance and to represent them.
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Woollett, Katherine. "Multiple sports concussion in male rugby players : a neurocognitive and neuroimaging study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30302.
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Objective: Following a sport related concussion (SRC) visible symptoms generally dissipate in 7-10 days post-injury. However, little is known about the cumulative effects of SRCs both in terms of structural damage to the white matter of the brain and neurocognitive performance. To address this issue, the relationship between the number of SRCs (frequency), axonal white matter (WM) damage and neurocognitive performance was examined. There were three predictions. First, increases in SRC frequency will be associated with decreases in performance on neurocognitive tests. Second, the frequency of SRC will be associated with axonal injury measured three WM tracts: the corpus callosum, the fronto-occipital fasciculus and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Third, less accurate and slower performance on a response inhibition task (STOP-IT) will be associated with greater axonal injury. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was utilised. Participants were rugby players with a history of SRC, rugby players with no history of SRC and control athletes (N=40) who completed a neurocognitive test battery and had a DTI brain scan. The neurocognitive battery consisted of the following standardised tests: Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test, CogState Electronic Battery, Stroop Colour and Word Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, the Trail Making Test and the experimental test STOP-IT Electronic Test. White matter axonal injury was measured by DTI using fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) metrics. The DTI data was processed using FSL to extract FA and MD DTI metrics in three a-priori regions of interest. Results: Spearman’s correlation analyses did not find significant associations between SRC frequency and neurocognitive performance on the FAS (rs=0.053, 95% CI [-0.27, 0.36]), TMT-A (rs=0.058, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.37]), TMT-B (rs= -0.046, 95% CI [-0.27, 0.36]) and the Stroop Interference (rs= -0.25, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.52]). Similarly, no significant Spearman’s correlations were found between SRC frequency and the computerised neurocognitive tests STOP-IT-SSRT (rs= -0.04, 95% CI [-0.28, 0.35])), STOP-IT–Accuracy (rs= -0.05, 95% CI [-0.27, 0.36]), CogState Detection subtest (rs= -0.15, 95% CI [-0.17, 0.44]), CogState Identification subtest (rs= -0.065, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.37]), CogState One card learning subtest (rs= 0.24, 95% CI [-0.08, 0.52]) or the CogState One back task subtest (rs= 0.06, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.37]). In terms of the DTI data there were no significant associations between SRC frequency and axonal injury measured by FA values in the CC (rs= 0.005, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.32]), ILF (rs= 0.028, 95% CI [-0.29, 0.34]) or FOF (rs= -0.022, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.33]). The same was pattern was found for MD values in the CC (rs= 0.081, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.39]), ILF (rs= -0.16, 95% CI [-0.16, 0.45]) or FOF (rs= -0.15, 95% CI [-0.17, 0.44]) Finally, there were no significant Spearman’s correlations between axonal injury FA values and the STOP-IT SSRT in any of the ROIs: CC (rs= 0.005, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.32]), ILF (rs= 0.028, 95% CI [-0.29, 0.34]) or FOF (rs= -0.022, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.33]). Equally, there were no significant correlations between MD values STOP-IT SSRT in the CC (rs= -0.028, 95% CI [-0.29, 0.34]), ILF (rs= -0.16, 95% CI [-0.16, 0.45]) or FOF (rs= -0.15, 95% CI [-0.17, 0.44]). Likewise, there were no significant Spearman’s correlations between accuracy on the STOP-IT and FA values and in any of the ROIs: CC (rs= 0.19, 95% CI [-0.13, 0.48]), ILF (rs= -0.045, 95% CI [-0.27, 0.35]) and FOF (rs= -0.032, 95% CI [-0.29, 0.34]), or MD values in the CC (rs= -0.11, 95% CI [-0.21, 0.41]), ILF (rs= 0.017, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.33]) or FOF (rs= 0.082, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.39]). This study did not find support for the hypothesis that cumulative SRCs are associated with poorer performance on neurocognitive tests or with axonal injury as measured by FA and MD DTI metrics. Conclusion: The null findings suggest that there are no cumulative effects of SRCs. The current findings are inconsistent with previous cross-sectional research that indicates that there are long-term changes to diffusivity measures present after single SRCs as well as cumulative effects in contact sport athletes. Likewise they are at odds with evidence suggesting that after three SRCs neurocognitive performance can be affected. The study needs to be extended to include a larger sample to ensure the results are not due to low statistical power.
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Relave, Antoine. "Influence de la préparation physique sur la dynamique de groupe en rugby." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH026.
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Un des principaux challenges pour les entraîneurs de rugby est d'optimiser les relations entre les joueurs. Après une longue période consacrée aux composantes physiologiques de la performance, le monde du rugby s'intéresse désormais davantage aux outils pratiques permettant d'améliorer la dynamique de groupe au sein des équipes. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse a pour but d'analyser les effets de la préparation physique sur les relations interpersonnelles et les perspectives envisageables en termes de psychologie sociale. Quatre études ont été mené se focalisant pour chacune d'entre elles sur l'influence de l'intensité, du volume, du mode et de la forme de préparation physique. Les différents résultats montrent pour la première fois un lien scientifique et significatif entre préparation physique et dynamique de groupe. Surtout, ces recherches permettent d'envisager des perspectives innovantes quant à l'intégration de la préparation physique et de la préparation mentaleOne of the main challenges for coaches in rugby union is to optimize the relationships between players. Following a large period focused on physical components of performance, rugby union is now taking an interest in the key components of training that could participate in enhancing group dynamics within teams. In this context, the present work aimed at analyzing the effects of physical conditioning on social interactions within task groups. Four studies consisted each one in analyzing volume, intensity, form and type influence. The results showed a statistical link between physical conditionning and group dynamics. Overall, this research provides innovative ways to combine physical training with sport psychology interventions
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Ball, Shane. "Movement Demands and Injury Characteristics in University Rugby Union: A Longitudinal Study." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23150.
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Rugby union is a physically demanding collision sport with high injury rates. There is a common perception that higher training loads result in greater injury risk. However, the training load-injury association paradigm is more complex. While the extant literature describes injury incidence across rugby union, no similar literature comparing training load and injury incidence or the relationship between the two variables in rugby union at a university level is apparent. Given the gap in the literature, this topic warrants further investigation. The aims of this thesis were to; conduct a systematic review of GPS-derived training and match demands in rugby union; investigate the relationship between player movement demands and injury characteristics in Under 20 years university players; investigate the relationship between player movement demands and injury characteristics in senior university players; investigate the longitudinal player movement demands and injury characteristics over three seasons in Under 20 years university rugby union players A systematic search of four electronic databases was performed to assess GPS-derived training load in rugby union and inform the studies in this thesis. The findings of this review identified that backs players are exposed to greater locomotor loads than forwards, whereas forwards are subjected to greater contact loads. The review also revealed a lack of studies assessing training load in elite international level players and the association between training loads and injuries. The first study of this thesis investigated associations between injuries and movement demands, anthropometrics, and physical performance in under 20-years rugby union players. Anthropometric factors (increased body mass and decreased skinfold thickness) were associated with a greater number of injuries (p < 0.05). Increases in GPS-derived high-intensity running were associated with decreased total, musculoskeletal, and upper limb and trunk injuries, while increases in impacts were associated with increased head/neck injuries. In study two, results revealed medical-attention contact injuries increased with higher weekly collisions, whereas non-time loss contact injuries decreased with moderate levels of chronic collisions in senior university rugby union players. Non-contact injuries varied depending on workload variables and exposure. Study three utilised a longitudinal study design. Significant differences were observed in injury distribution across positions, anatomical location, and injury tissue type. Forwards experienced more injuries when change in weekly New Bodyload (a measure of external mechanical load) was higher (p < 0.05), while increases in zone 3 decelerations, impacts > 10 g, weekly change in total decelerations, and New Bodyload were associated with increases in injuries for backs (p < 0.05). This thesis presents positional differences in injuries and training load-injury associations, advocating a position-specific approach to training and preparation programs. The thesis also identifies the need for training load-injury association research in rugby union at the elite professional level.
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Partington, Sarah Helen. "A narrative study of flow experiences in sports performance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341155.
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Lavignasse, Sophie. "Lexicographie et dictionnairique d'un dictionnaire de spécialité traitant de sport : un cas d'application, le "Dictionnaire du rugby - L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens"." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0469.
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Dans un premier temps, afin de définir et de créer une typologie des ouvrages dictionnairiques existants concernant le sport, plus de 400 disciplines sportives ont été identifiées et plus de 200 ont été définies (celles qui étaient les moins répandues dans le monde). Elles ont été ensuite classées dans 19 groupes thématiques, classement qui a été par la suite soumis à une analyse critique. L'ensemble de ces disciplines a permis de référencer près de 500 ouvrages dictionnairiques à partir desquels différents critères d'élaboration d'un dictionnaire de spécialité ont pu être établis. Ainsi, les critères les plus pertinents et les plus adaptés ont été choisis pour élaborer le "Dictionnaire du rugby – L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens".Dans un second temps, une approche concernant ce dictionnaire de spécialité a été présentée en précisant les choix concernant, d'une part, le sujet, et d'autre part, la philosophie d'un tel ouvrage. Cette réflexion a porté sur l'objectif d'un tel dictionnaire, sur le public visé, sur la façon dont il a été rédigé ainsi que sur sa structure. En outre, il a été pertinent d'analyser le traitement du terme rugby (et de son vocabulaire) dans une quinzaine d'ouvrages. Enfin, une étude a été entreprise pour proposer la méthodologie concernant l'élaboration du "Dictionnaire du rugby – L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens" en insistant notamment sur le protocole de rédaction, sur la création de la charte graphique, sur la présentation du paratexte, sur l'élaboration de la nomenclature, sur les différentes étapes de la rédaction et sur celles de la correctionFirstly, in order to define and create a typology of existing dictionaries concerning sport, we identified more than 400 sports and among them we defined more than 200 sports (those which were the less common around the world). We then classified them into 19 thematic groups, which classification has been submitted to a technical review. All these sports have allowed us to reference near to 500 dictionaries from which we have been able to identify the various criteria which enable the writing of specialty dictionaries. We have chosen the most relevant and suitable criteria to write our "Dictionnaire du rugby – L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens".Secondly, we described our approach concerning this specialty dictionary by specifying our thought and choices related to, on the one hand, the subject and, on the other hand, the philosophy of a work of this kind. This reflection covered the objective of such a dictionary, the targeted public, the way it has been written and its structure. Furthermore, we considered the treatment of the term rugby (and of its vocabulary) in about fifteen books. Finally, we proposed our methodology for the writing of the "Dictionnaire du rugby – L'Ovalie dans tous ses sens" focusing in particular on the protocol of writing, the creation of a graphic chart, the presentation of the paratext, the conception of a nomenclature, and on the different steps of the writing and the rectifications
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Atack, Alexandra. "The biomechanics of rugby place kicking." Thesis, St Mary's University, Twickenham, 2016. http://research.stmarys.ac.uk/1407/.
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Approximately 45% of the points scored in international Rugby Union matches are the result of place kicks (Quarrie & Hopkins, 2015). However, the key technique characteristics underpinning this skill are not well understood. The aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate rugby place kicking technique and performance, and understand how these differ between successful and less successful place kickers. In order to objectively quantify place kick performance outcome from data collected in a laboratory environment, a novel performance measure representative of the maximum distance that any given place kick could be successful from was developed. This measure combined initial ball flight data with previously published aerodynamic forces and was shown to predict ball location with a mean error of 4.0%. Full body motion capture and ground reaction force data were then collected from 33 experienced (amateur to senior international level) kickers and three groups of kickers were identified based on their performance outcome: long, short, and wide-left kickers. Differences were observed in the initial ball flight characteristics between the three groups and specific aspects of technique were then analysed to understand how these different performance outcomes were achieved. The long and wide-left kickers used different strategies to achieve comparable forward kicking foot velocities and initial ball velocities. The wide-left kickers used a hip flexor strategy: greater positive hip flexor work which was facilitated by a stretch across the trunk at the top of the backswing, followed by longitudinal rotation throughout the downswing. In contrast, the long kickers used a knee extensor strategy: greater positive knee extensor work and a more consistent trunk orientation throughout the downswing. Although both strategies led to comparably high initial ball velocity magnitudes, the hip flexor strategy led to greater longitudinal ball spin and an initial ball velocity vector directed towards the left-hand-side. Kickers who achieve fast ball velocities but miss left could potentially benefit from technical interventions to address their trunk kinematics or development of their kicking knee extensor involvement. The long kickers achieved faster kicking foot and initial ball velocities than the short kickers. The long kickers took a more angled and faster approach to the ball compared with the short kickers. This enabled the pelvis to be less front-on at the top of the backswing, meaning that the kicking foot was further away from the ball at this point and subsequently travelled a longer path to initial ball contact. The long kickers also demonstrated greater horizontal whole-body CM deceleration between support foot contact and initial ball contact and performed greater hip flexor and knee extensor positive work than the short kickers during the downswing. Kickers who cannot generate fast ball velocities could potentially benefit from interventions to their approach direction and velocity, or from development of their kicking hip flexor and knee extensor involvement. This thesis has provided a comprehensive understanding of rugby place kicking technique and recommendations for both coaching practice and research.
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Thomas, Kathryn. "South African rugby coaches' knowledge of the prevention, identification and management of concussion." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11239.
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Includes bibliographical references.The incidence of concussion injuries is high irrespective of player ability, from professional to semi-professional and schoolboy rugby players. Concussion injuries are considered difficult to diagnose, particularly in an on field environment, and are often under-reported or unrecognised. In the South African setting medical professionals are often not present at practices and matches and coaches are therefore often required to identify and manage concussed players. Previous studies have identified that the risk of concussion may be reduced through coach education and subsequent implementation of skills training and the education of players. The aim of the study is to determine South African rugby coaches’ knowledge of the prevention, identification and management of concussion.
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Dickinson, Arlene. "Postconcussive sequelae in contact sport : rugby versus non-contact sport controls." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008455.
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The effects of repeated mild concussive head injury on professional rugby players were examined. Data were collected for rugby players (n=26) and cricket player controls (n=21) using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising five modalities (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Verbal Fluency, Visuoperccptual Tracking and Hand Motor Dexterity) and a self-report Postconcussive Symptomology Questionnaire. Group statistical comparisons of the percentage of individuals with deficit were carried out for (i) rugby versus cricket; (ii) rugby forwards versus rugby backs; and (iii) rugby forwards versus cricket. Rugby players performed significantly poorer than controls on SA W AIS Digit Symbol Substitution subtest and on the Trail Making Test. On Digits Forward and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall, the results approached significance with the rugby players showing a tendency toward impairment on these tests. Rugby players exhibited impairment in areas of visuoperceptual tracking, speed of information processing and attention, and there are tendencies of impairment in verbal and/or visual memory. Results obtained on the self-report questionnaire strongly reinforced cognitive test results and a significant proportion of rugby players reported difficulties with sustained attention, memory and lowered frustration tolerance as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was consistently noted that players in the more full contact positions (rugby forwards) were most susceptible to impairment, confirming that these players, who are exposed to repeated mild head injuries, are at greater risk of exhibiting postconcussive sequelaeKMBT_363
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Allain, Bernard. "Des jeux de balle traditionnels au rugby professionnel : histoire d'une domination économique et politique des corps." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS023S.
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Pourquoi le rugby passe-t-il professionnel plus d’un siècle après son homologue du football ? Pour comprendre un tel décalage dans le temps, nous convoquons l’histoire des jeux de balle et celle des groupes qui les pratiquent. Elles nous renseignent sur l’apparition de ces deux sports qui est le résultat de conflits et de luttes entre groupes sociaux pour la domination symbolique, politique et économique de chacune de ces deux pratiques. Malgré la scission que cette option provoque en 1895, les responsables du rugby optent pour l’ethos amateur et, grâce à diverses protections générées ou non par leur institution, ils réussissent à l’imposer, du moins en apparence. Mais, en réponse à l’inapplicabilité de ce dogme suranné, l’« amateurisme marron » s’installe localement et, progressivement, le rugby aligne officieusement son mode de production sur celui de la société capitaliste. La rationalisation de sa production corporelle sera à la fois la cause de son passage au professionnalisme et sa principale conséquenceWhy did rugby turn professional more than a century after its football counterpart ? In order to understand such a time-lag, we shall evoke the history of ball games and that of their practitioners. They will tell us about the emergence of the two sports as the result of conflicts and struggles between social groups for the political, economic and symbolic domination of each of the two practices. Despite the split involved by this choice in 1895, the people in charge of rugby opted for an amateur ethos and thanks to various protections created by their institution or not, they managed to impose it, at least apparently. But in response to the inapplicability of that outdated dogma the “amateurisme marron” settled locally and rugby gradually unofficially made its production mode similar to that of the capitalistic society. The rationalization of its body production would both be the cause of its turning professional and its main consequence
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Baker, Daniel G. "A series of studies on professional rugby league players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/3.
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Rugby league football is a popular game in Australia, which appears to rely heavily upon strength, power, speed and endurance due to the nature of the phyiscal contacts. In an effort to discern the importance of upper body strength, power speed and endurance to rugby league players a retrospective data analysis was performed. Three areas of investigation were: 1) the testing of upper body physical qualities of strength, power, speed and strength-endurance and their significance to playing status in the elite national first-division (NRL), second-division (SRL) and third-division (CRL), 2) the effect of acute training variable manipulations upon power output and 3) the nature, scope and magnitude of chronic adaptations in strength and power in a multi-year period in professional rugby league players.
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Martin, Gerard John. "The game is not the same a history of professional rugby in New Zealand : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the postgraduate degree of Master of Arts (Communication Studies), 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Desthomas, Vincent. "Les stratégies de pérennisation des clubs de rugby de haut niveau : enjeux économiques, organisationnels et identitaires du processus de professionnalisation : le rugby de haut niveau en région Aquitaine." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21316.
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"La professionnalisation est entendue comme une transformation économique, organisationnelle et culturelle. Dans le rugby à quinze, elle a rencontré de profondes résistances, nombreux étant ceux qui pensaient que ce sport devait rester l'emblème du sport amateur. Les clubs de rugby se trouvent confrontés à une alternative. Conserver au sein d'une même entité organisationnelle, culturelle et historique que représente " le club ", deux logiques somme toute contradictoires, une logique sociale, basée sur la tradition associative, et une logique de recherche de l'excellence sportive et commerciale, fondée sur le développement de son secteur professionnel. Bien que ces deux logiques apparaissent formalisées clairement au travers de structures juridiques bien différenciées, association d'une part et société commerciale d'autre part, il n'en demeure pas moins qu'elles évoluent au sein d'une même entité organisationnelle qu'est le club identitaire. L'objectif de notre recherche en sciences sociales consiste à dresser un état des lieux du niveau de professionnalisation des clubs de rugby, à analyser les enjeux liés à ce type d'organisation humaine et de fonctionnement et à examiner les stratégies de pérennisation de cette orientation dans le rugby de haut niveau. "Professionalization can be understood as a change in economic, organizational and cultural terms. Rugby union has strongly resisted this process, with a strong faction holding to the belief that it should remain the emblem of amateur sport. Elite Rugby clubs are now confronted with au dilemma. How are they to maintain within a single organisational, cultural and historic entity, symbolised by “the club”, two clearly contradictory systems, one social, based on the associative tradition, and the other which seeks sporting and commercial excellence, based on the development of the professional sector ? Although these two systems are apparently clearly formalised through very distinct legal structures – association on the one hand and commercial partnership on the other – it is nervertheless true that they coexist within the same organisational entity, “the club”. The objective of this social sciences research consists in setting down the current state of affairs in the professionalization of rugby clubs, and to analyse what is at take in this kind of social grouping and function. It also considers the strategies which might consolidate this tendency in top level rugby
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Evans, S. D. "Examining the physical demands of elite Rugby League match-play." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/8823/.
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The work undertaken from the studies in this thesis provides novel information in relation to the physical match demands of the European Super League (ESL) competition, focusing on a newly promoted ESL franchise. Specifically, this is the first work to examine the physical demands of competition for an entire squad of players across an entire competitive season in the ESL, the first to examine the physical demands of match-play over multiple longitudinal seasons, and the first to examine the effects of different between match recovery periods on the running demands for a large sample of ESL teams. Methodological work in this thesis has also highlighted the importance of quantifying and interpreting errors associated with GPS devices to quantify player movements and collisions. Chapter 4 examined the physical match demands for the newly promoted team over the entirety of a competitive season. Significant positional differences were evident, with Outside Backs (OB, 421 ± 89 m) and Pivots (PIV, 306 ± 108 m) performing more sprinting than Middle Unit Forwards (MUF, 185 ± 58 m) and Wide Running Forwards (296 ± 82 m). Conversely, MUF (35 ± 6) and WRF (36 ± 5) performed more collisions than PIV (23 ± 3) and OB (20 ± 3). Practitioners need to be aware of these differences when designing training and conditioning programmes for players. The high speed running (HSR) and number of collisions were greater for the newly promoted team than previously reported for higher ranked ESL teams, but are still lower than those experienced in the southern hemisphere National Rugby League (NRL). Chapter 5 examined the level of agreement between two different models of GPS device in measuring the total distance, and distance covered at high speed (> 5.0 m.s-1) in order that these could be examined in following chapters where two different models of device were used. The two devices showed acceptable levels of agreement in relation to specific analytical goals using positional data from Chapter 4 (total distance CV 0.8%, HSR CV 2.2%) and in relation to the differences between games won and lost at the elite level (mean bias [95% LoA] -0.29 m.min-1 [-1.6 m to 1.01 m.min-1] for total distance per minute, and 0.01 m.min-1 [-0.27 to 0.29 m.min-1] for HSR distance per minute)concluding the two devices could be used interchangeably to measure these parameters. Chapter 6 examined the physical demands of match-play for the newly promoted franchise over a three season period (2012-2014). There was an increase in the physical demands of competition in terms of the total distance coverer per minute (87.0 ± 2.4 m.min-1 – 96.6 ± 2.4 m.min-1), HSR distance covered per minute (6.3 ± 1.3 m.min-1 – 8.1 ± 0.5 m.min-1), and number of collisions per minute (0.43 ± 0.05 no.min-1 – 0.53 ± 0.04 m.min-1). These findings highlight that newly promoted teams need time to develop and adapt to the increasing demands of competition, which is a pertinent issue given the re-introduction of promotion and relegation from 2015. With the current structure, newly promoted teams will not have the chance to plan and develop over the long term, which could leads to teams spending over their means to attract the players required to keep them in the competition rather than focussing on long term player development. Chapter 7 examined the effectiveness of a wearable GPS device to automatically detect collision events during elite Rugby League match-play. The overall error of the device (19%) was associated with not correctly identifying a collision has occurred. Ball carries (97%) were more accurately detected than when compared to tackles (73%). First man tackles (83%) were more accurately detected than second man tackles (72%), and third man tackles (51%). This data suggests the microsensor device has the ability to automatically detect the majority of collision events in Rugby League match-play. However given the collision detection algorithm was originally developed for use in Rugby Union; this may need refinement for use in Rugby League, especially for detecting tackle events. Chapter 8 examined the effect of different between match recovery cycles (short, medium, and long) on the movement demands in subsequent matches on a larger sample of six elite ESL teams. Matches after a short turnaround were associated with greater HSR distance covered per minute of play (13.2 ± 6.9 m.min-1) than when compared to medium (11.6 ± 5.8 m.min-1) and long turnarounds (10.6 ± 5.6 m.min-1). Matches with long turnarounds were associated with increased low speed distance (< 3.8 m.s-1) covered per minute of play (84.8 ± 18.2 m.min-1) than both medium (79.3 ± 19.6 m.min-1) and short turnarounds (80.3 ± 17.7 m.min-1). The total distance covered per minute was only greater on a long turnaround (96.1 ± 16.9 m.min-1) when compared to a medium turnaround(72.9 ± 21.8 m.min-1). These data demonstrate that running performance is affected by the length of the between match recovery cycle, and coaches and conditioning staff working within the ESL should be mindful of these demands when developing recovery and training strategies for their players.
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Carson, Fraser. "The psychology of anterior cruciate ligament injury rehabilitation amongst professional rugby union players." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8442.
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[From the introduction:] Within professional contact sports, injury has been reported frequently by athletes as causing stress (Anshel, 2001; Noblet & Gifford, 2002). Particularly within rugby union where injury has been reported as one of the top four stressors experienced by elite adolescent players (Nicholls & Polman, 2007), and the most frequent stressor by adult professional players (Nicholls Holt, Polman, & Bloomfield, 2006). A variety of coping strategies are utilized to manage these stressors, with the effectiveness varying per player (Nicholls et al., 2006). Although to date no research has found a causal relationship between injury as a source of stress and the actual incidence of injury such research suggest that injury can significantly increase the stress experienced by athletes. This is supported by the findings that following serious sports injury, elite athletes have reported this to be a stressful experience (Gould, Udry, Bridges, & Beck, 1997a) which is manifested by concerns related to career, physical rehabilitation, social interactions, further injury, and return to prior performance levels (Gould et al., 1997; Tracey, 2003).
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Kucharski, Joseph. "Social media identity in niche sports: the use of social media by U.S. rugby." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38209.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Journalism and Mass Communications
Barbara DeSanto
Rugby was created in 1876 and since then has expanded from the colleges of England to a globally played sport. Rugby, along with many other sports such as lacrosse and cricket, has found difficulties in obtaining mainstream media attention in the United States. This series of in-depth interviews explore how U.S. rugby may be able to utilize social media to elevate rugby to mainstream media status. This study will use in-depth interviews to understand the strategies of Division 1 Men’s U.S. Rugby social media officials and media strategists from the Professional Rugby Organization (PRO). These in-depth interviews will first identify what strategies rugby has used, then will evaluate which strategies efficiency. Second, the in-depth interviews of the club-level social media chairs will also be asked about his or her background in social media strategy. The information collected will be used to make recommendations as to what professional rugby and club-level rugby strategies should be used on social media. The information will also be used to identify what level social media rugby chairs should be educated or trained in using social media, if any. This study also explored the outcomes of the social media efforts for the advancement of rugby in the U.S. as well as emerging sports in the future.
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Suter, Jason Alexander. "Immediate post catastrophic injury management in rugby union. Does it have an effect on outcomes?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27519.
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Background: Rugby union ('rugby') has a high injury risk. These Injuries range from having minor consequences to catastrophic injuries with major life changing consequences. In South Africa, previous research indicated that the risk of catastrophic injury was high and that the immediate management was sub-optimal, worsening the injury outcome. In response, the South African Rugby Union launched the BokSmart nationwide injury prevention programme in 2008. Through education - mainly of coaches and referees - this programme aims to improve the prevention and management of catastrophic injuries. Moreover, the programme began administering a standardised questionnaire for all catastrophically injured players to assess the prevention and management of these injuries. Objectives: To assess whether factors in the immediate pre- and post-injury management of catastrophic injuries in rugby were associated with their outcome. In addition, as part of the BokSmart programme in Rugby in South Africa, there were modules developed as part of the education material delivered to referees and coaches in their workshops that deal specifically with safety in the playing environment, and the correct management of catastrophic injuries. We assessed whether these protocols within the modules were implemented. Design: A prospective, cohort study conducted on all catastrophic injuries in rugby collected through a standardised questionnaire by BokSmart between 2008 - 2014. Methods: Secondary analyses were performed on the information collected on all rugby-related catastrophic injuries in BokSmart's serious injury database. Injury outcomes were split into 'permanent' (permanently disabling and fatal) and 'non-permanent' (full recovery/ "near miss"). Immediate post injury management factors as well as protective equipment and ethnicity were analysed for their association with injury outcome using a Fisher's exact test. Results: There were 87 catastrophic injuries recorded between 2008 and 2014. Acute spinal cord injuries (ASCI) made up most of the catastrophic injuries (n=69) with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) the second most common (n = 11 injuries). There were 7 cardiac events. Black African players were associated with a 2.4 times higher proportion of permanent outcome that the injured White players (p=0.001). There was no association between any protective equipment or injury management (including optimal immobilization, time and method of transport taken to hospital) and ASCI outcome (non-permanent vs. permanent) Conclusions: Neither immediate post-injury management, nor the wearing of protective equipment was associated with catastrophic injury outcome in these South African rugby-related injuries. This might indicate that the initial injury is more important in determining the outcome than the post-injury management and associated secondary metabolic cascade, as proposed by some experts in this area. Moreover, that ethnicity was associated with ASCI outcome in this study is indicative of the wider problems in South Africa; not only specific to rugby. It is recommended that BokSmart continue to focus their programme in low socioeconomic areas that play rugby in South Africa.
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Bolligelo, Alana. "Tracing the development of professionalism in South African Rugby : 1995-2004." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/199.
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Finkelstein, Melissa. "The scrum-down on brain damage effects of cumulative mild head injury in rugby: a comparison of group mean scores between national rugby players and non-contact sport controls." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002485.
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The present study comprises the second phase of a larger and ongoing research study investigating the brain damage effects of cumulative mild head injury in rugby. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cumulative mild head injury sustained in the game of rugby would cause brain injury as evidenced by impaired performance on sensitive neuropsychological tests. Participants were Springbok professional rugby players (n = 26), Under 21 rugby players (n = 19), and a non-contact sport control of national hockey players (n = 21). Comparisons of performance were carried out across a spectrum of neuropsychological tests for the three rugby groups (Total Rugby, Springbok Rugby, and Under 21 Rugby) versus the performance of the non-contact sport control group (Hockey Control), as well as comparisons of performance f9r the subgroups of Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. Comparisons revealed a consistent pattern of poorer performance across all rugby groups relative to the performance of the controls on tests highly sensitive to the effects of diffuse brain damage. Within rugby group comparisons (Forwards versus Backs) showed significantly poorer performance for Total Rugby Forwards and Springbok Rugby Forwards relative to the performance of the respective Total Rugby Backs and Springbok Rugby Backs on sensitive, as well as on somewhat less sensitive, neuropsychological tests. The performance of Under 21 Rugby Forwards relative to Under 21 Rugby Backs demonstrated similar trends. Brain reserve capacity theory was used as a conceptual basis for discussing the implications of these findings.
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Forsythe, L. C. "The heart of the Rugby Football League athlete : an aid to pre-participation cardiac screening." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/9398/.
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Pre-participation cardiac screening (PCS) of the athlete has recently become mandatory by many national and international sporting governing bodies and aims to identify those at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) from an undiagnosed cardiac condition. The term athletes’ heart (AH) describes the physiological adaptation that occurs from chronic exposure to exercise training however, this process can mimic cardiac remodelling caused by pathological conditions such as cardiomyopathy. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) plays an integral role during PCS however, differentiation from inherited conditions is often based on a ‘one size fits all’ interpretation of echocardiographic derived measures. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography in PCS it is pertinent to understand normal physiological cardiac adaptation in specific sporting disciplines. This thesis focuses on cardiac structure and function of the elite, male, rugby football league (RFL) athlete with the application of TTE including novel speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). The aims of this thesis were 1) to establish left ventricular (LV) structural and functional indices of the senior RFL athlete using TTE and STE and a mathematical model of the structural-functional relationship; 2) to determine structural and functional indices of the right heart of the senior RFL athlete using TTE and STE; 3) to provide a comparative and holistic, structural and functional assessment of the junior and senior RFL athletic heart using TTE and STE and 4) To assess variation in cardiac parameters across the competitive season in the senior RFL athlete using TTE and STE. A comprehensive cardiac assessment of the elite RFL athlete was established throughout this thesis. The LV has a predominance for normal LV geometry irrespective of age or seasonal time point. Mathematical modelling highlights the interaction of divergent effects of left ventricular cavity size (LVIDd) and mean wall thickness (MWT) on LV function to maintain a normal ejection fraction (EF). Significant regional variation in LV STE parameters was apparent including lower apical rotation and twist parameters in senior athletes compared to controls (8.2 ± 3.9 ̊ vs. 11.2 ± 4.6 ̊ and 14 ± 4.7 vs 16.1 ± 4.6 ̊ respectively) suggesting potential adaptive mechanisms to training. The right ventricle (RV) and right atrium (RA) are larger in athletes compared to controls even after scaling (proximal right ventricular outflow dimension in parasternal long axis (RVOTplax) (23 ± 3 vs. 20 ± 2 mm/(m2)0.5), proximal right ventricular outflow dimension in parasternal short axis (RVOT1) (24 ± 3 vs. 21 ± 3 mm/(m2)0.5) and RA volume (RAvol) (22 ± 5 vs. 16 ± 4 ml/(m2)1.5)). The RVOT and RA are also larger in senior compared to junior athletes (RVOTplax (23 ± 3 vs. 22 ± 3 mm/(m2)0.5, RVOT1 (24 ± 3 vs. 23 ± 3 mm/(m2)0.5 and RAvol (22 ± 5 vs. 21 ± 5 ml/(m2)1.5) suggesting that the right heart is more sensitive to chronic training. Despite significant structural remodelling, RV function in the RFL athlete is normal as assessed by TTE (right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) > 33% and STE RV strain (ɛ) < -21%), irrespective of age and time of season. Significant seasonal functional changes were observed with STE as apical rotation (pre-season, 9.8 ± 4 ̊; mid-season, 6.1 ± 2.8 ̊; end-season, 5.8 ± 3.2 ̊ and post-season break, 6.6 ± 3.1 ̊) and twist (pre-season, 16.6 ± 4.7o; mid-season, 12.6 ± 4o; end-season 12.1 ± 4.5o and post-season break, 12.4 ± 3.5 ̊) are higher at pre-season than at any other time-point, highlighting physiological variation during the RFL season. The use of standard and novel echocardiographic techniques have provided further understanding of the normal physiological adaptation of the AH in RFL athletes which may lead to improvements in PCS of this athlete group.
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De, Villiers Nico. "Optimal training load for the hang clean and squat jump in u-21 rugby players." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17976.
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Thesis (M Sport Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the optimal training load required for peak-power production in two types of exercises, namely an Olympic-type and a ballistic exercise. The hang clean and the squat jump were selected to represent these two types of exercise. It was ascertained whether a change in strength levels and training status will have an effect on the optimal loads for peak-power production of rugby players. In addition, the influence that different playing positions have on power production was also investigated. Fifty-nine under-21 male rugby players (Mean Age 19.3yrs; SD ± 0.7yr) from two rugby academies, performed a maximal-strength test in the hang clean and squat, followed by a power test in the hang clean and squat jump with loads ranging from 30 to 90% of maximal strength (1RM). Testing was conducted in the pre-season phase and repeated during the inseason phase. Peak power for the hang clean was achieved at 90% 1RM in the pre-season and at 80% 1RM during the in-season. Peak power for the squat jump was achieved at 90% 1RM in the pre-season. However, this location of the optimal loading was not significantly higher than that of the other loadings (60, 70 and 80% 1RM). During the in-season, peak power for the squat jump was reached at 90% 1RM. Here again, the optimal-loading location was not significantly higher than that of the other loadings (50, 60, 70 and 80% 1RM). It was concluded that the optimal load for power production is 90% 1RM for the hang clean and 60-90% for the squat jump. It was found that an improvement in strength levels of the subjects affected both peak-power production and the optimal load in both exercises. During the in-season peak power in the hang clean was reached at 80% 1RM, and at 50% 1RM for the squat jump. There were no significant differences in the performances of subjects from different playing positions (forwards versus backline players). In the hang clean, peak-power production seems to be reliant on increased strength and results in peak-power output at high loads. The squat jump, on the other hand, is more reliant on velocity due to its ballistic nature and is possibly better suited to developing power at lighter loadings. Because it produces peak power at a lower percentage load than the hang clean, the squat jump could be more effective in power development for players who are inexperienced in power training. Long-term exercise periodisation in power training can therefore be employed progressively from simpler exercises (e.g., squat jump) using only the legs, to more complex exercises (e.g., Olympic-lifting) that involve the whole body. This study confirmed that the specific requirements of different sport codes should be considered meticulously before selecting and prescribing exercises and loads for power-training programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hooffokus van hierdie studie was op die optimale oefenlading wat vereis word vir die produsering van piek-profkrag tydens die uitvoering van twee tipes oefening, naamlik ’n Olimpiese- en ’n ballistiese oefening. Die hang clean en die squat jump is geselekteer om bogenoemde twee tipes oefening te verteenwoordig. Daar is bepaal of ’n verbetering van die krag-vlakke en oefenstatus van rugbyspelers ’n invloed het op die optimale ladings vir piek-plofkrag ontwikkeling. Verder is die moontlike rol van verskillende speelposisies ondersoek. Nege-en-vyftig onder-21 mans-rugbyspelers (M-ouderdom 19.3jr; SD ± 0.7jr) vanuit twee rugbyakademies het ’n maksimale-krag toets in die hang clean en squat uitgevoer. Dit is opgevolg deur ’n plofkrag-toets in die hang clean en squat jump met ladings wat gewissel het van tussen 30 en 90% van maksimale werkverrigting (1RM). Toetsing het plaasgevind in die voor-seisoen fase en is herhaal tydens die daaropvolgende speelseisoen. Piek-plofkrag vir die hang clean is bereik tydens ’n oefenlading van 90% 1RM in die voor-seisoen en by 80% 1RM later in die speelseisoen. Piek-plofkrag vir die squat jump is behaal by 90% 1RM in die voor-seisoen fase. Hierdie optimale lading-lokasie was egter nie beduidend hoër as by die ander ladings van 60, 70 en 80% 1RM nie. Tydens die speelseisoen is piek-plofkrag bereik in die squat jump by 90% 1RM. Die optimale lading-lokasie was weereens nie beduidend hoër as by die ander ladings van 50, 60, 70 en 80% 1RM nie. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die optimale oefenlading vir die ontwikkeling van piek-plofkrag vir die hang clean 90% 1RM is, en 60% vir die squat jump. Daar is ook gevind dat ’n verbetering in kragvlakke van die toetslinge, beide piek-plofkrag-produksie en die optimale oefenbelading in albei oefeninge beïnvloed. Tydens die speelseisoen is piek-plofkrag behaal in die hang clean by 80% 1RM, en by 50% 1RM in die squat jump. Geen beduidende verskille in werkverrigting is gevind tussen toetslinge uit verskillende speelposisies (voorspelers versus agterlyn-spelers) nie. Dit blyk dat in die hang clean, die produksie van plofkrag beïnvloed word deur ’n verbetering in krag en dat dit tot hoër optimale ladings vir piek-plofkrag produksie lei. Die squat jump, in teenstelling, is meer afhanklik van snelheid en is moontlik beter geskik vir die produsering van plofkrag teen ligter oefenladings. Omdat die squat jump piek-plofkrag genereer teen laer ladings as die hang clean, kan dit meer effektief wees vir spelers met gebrekkige ervaring in krag-oefening. Lang-termyn oefen-periodisering in plofkrag-oefening kan gevolglik progressief aangewend word vanaf eenvoudiger oefeninge (bv. squat jump), waar slegs die bene gebruik word, tot meer komplekse oefeninge (bv. Olimpiese-gewigoptel) waar die hele liggaam betrek word. Hierdie studie bevestig dat die spesifieke vereistes van verskillende sportkodes deeglik oorweeg moet word alvorens oefeninge en ladings geselekteer en voorgeskryf word vir plofkrag-programme.
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Lentin, Gregory. "Surpoids chez le jeune joueur de rugby : indicateurs diagnostiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL1008.
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Notre travail de thèse consiste en premier lieu à estimer la prévalence du surpoids chez le jeune joueur de rugby français à partir de l’IMC, selon les critères IOTF. L’indice de masse corporelle ne permettant pas d’avoir d’indication sur la composition corporelle, la contribution des tissus maigre et gras dans les changements de l’IMC dans différentes catégories d’âge au cours de la période pubertaire, est évaluée à l’aide des indices de masse grasse (IMG) et de masse maigre (IMM) proposés par VanItallie (1990). Le modèle graphique descriptif multidimensionnel développé par Hattori (1991) permet d’évaluer l’excès de masse grasse, et de caractériser le morphotype des jeunes joueurs, en distinguant les joueurs de poids normal des joueurs en surpoids ou obèses. Le deuxième objectif est d’analyser la contribution des tissus maigre et gras dans l’excès de corpulence, chez des jeunes joueurs de rugby en surpoids et obèses au cours de la période pubertaire, et de reconsidérer, in fine, la prévalence du surpoids de cette même population. Le troisième objectif est de comparer la méthode de la catégorisation par le poids avec celle de la catégorisation par l’âge, en prenant en compte le niveau de corpulence et la composition corporelle. Enfin, le dernier objectif est de proposer à l’encadrement sportif un dispositif diagnostique basé sur des indicateurs anthropométriques simples (mesure des circonférences), susceptible de dépister une surcharge pondérale avérée, et de prédire d’autres atypicités nécessitant une attention toute particulière. La composition corporelle est évaluée par la méthode des plis cutanés chez 738 jeunes joueurs de 9 à 14 ans inscrits en club (Ligue du Sud de rugby), répartis selon leur catégorie d’âge chronologique : U11, U13, U15. Selon les critères IOTF, la prévalence du surpoids est estimée à près de 47 %. Cependant, 53% des jeunes joueurs classés comme obèses et en surpoids selon l'IMC présentent un excès de graisse corporelle en utilisant un IMG supérieur au 75ème percentile. De plus, la contribution moyenne du tissu maigre dans l’excès de corpulence est importante (44,3 %). Ainsi, la surestimation moyenne de la prévalence du surpoids est estimée à près de 20 %. Bien que les joueurs en surpoids/obèses aient un IMG plus élevé (étendue : + 2,9–3,7 kg.m−2) que ceux de poids normal dans la présente étude, ils avaient également un IMM plus élevé (étendue : + 2,4–2,7 kg.m−2). Il est important de mentionner que la majorité des joueurs de rugby obèses (66 à 100 %) étaient dans le tertile le plus élevé pour l’IMG et l’IMM. Ainsi, l'analyse graphique de l’IMG et l’IMM selon les 25ème et 75ème percentile de la distribution peut être utile pour déterminer la contribution des masses grasse et maigre à l'IMC et pour éviter une mauvaise classification. La stratégie de catégorisation par le poids semble être efficace pour limiter la dispersion des variables de composition corporelle entre les jeunes joueurs de rugby, tout en préservant en partie l’identité de la catégorie d’âge. Cependant, des atypicités morphologiques subsistent, notamment des morphotypes extrêmes (10 %). Les morphotypes des jeunes joueurs de rugby peuvent être identifiés à partir d’équations anthropométriques prédictives d’IMG et d’IMM par la méthode des circonférences, notamment afin de « classer » les joueurs à l’intérieur de leur groupe d’appartenance.En conclusion, la représentation graphique d’Hattori facilite l’identification des jeunes joueurs en surpoids et de faible masse musculaire, ainsi que la détection de morphotypes atypiques nécessitant une prise en charge adaptée. De simples mesures de circonférences sont susceptibles de prédire ces différents morphotypes, et pourraient être ainsi réalisées en routine par l’encadrement sportif dans une stratégie prophylactique et d’amélioration des performancesOur thesis work consists first to estimating the prevalence of overweight in young french rugby players from the BMI, according to IOTF criteria. Since the body mass index does not allow any indication of body composition, the contribution of body fat mass and fat-free mass to BMI in different age categories during the puberty period was assessed by using the body fat mass (BFMI) and fat-free mass (FFMI) indexes proposed by VanItallie (1990). The multidimensional Hattori’s body composition chart (1991) makes it possible to assess excess body fat, and to characterize the morphotype of young players, distinguishing normal-weight players from overweight or obese players. The second objective was to analyze the contributions body fat mass and fat-free mass to excess body size, in overweight and obese young rugby players during the puberty period, and ultimately to reconsider the prevalence of overweight in this population. The third objective was to compare the anthropometric characteristics of a weight-grading model with the age-grading model, taking into account BMI status and body composition. Finally, the last objective was to offer coaches/sports staff a diagnostic device based on simple anthropometric indicators (measurement of circumferences), in order to detect overweight and to predict other atypicalities requiring appropriate care.Body composition was assessed by the skinfold method in 738 young players aged 9 to 14 years registered in clubs (Ligue du Sud de rugby), distributed according to their chronological age category: U11, U13, U15.According to the IOTF criteria, the prevalence of overweight is estimated at nearly 47%. However, 53% of young players classified as obese and overweight by BMI had an excess body fat by using BFMI above the 75th percentile. Moreover, the average contribution of fat-free mass to excess bodysize was high (44.3 %). Thus, the average overestimation of the prevalence of overweight is estimated at nearly 20 %. Although overweight/obese players had higher BFMI (range: + 2.9–3.7 kg.m−2) than normal-weight in the present study, they also had higher FFMI (range: + 2.4–2.7 kg.m−2). It is important to mention that the majority of obese rugby players (from 66 to 100%) were in the highest tertile for BFMI and FFMI. So, chart analysis of BFMI and FFMI according to the 25–75th percentiledistribution may be helpful to determine the contribution of body fat mass and fat-free mass to BMIand to avoid misclassification. The weight-grading strategy appears effective in terms of limitingmismatches in these variables among schoolboy rugby players and the identity of the category has been in part preserved. However, atypicalities remained (10 %), especially concerning extreme morphotypes. Morphotypes of young rugby players can be identified from predictive anthropometricequations of BFMI and FFMI by the circumference method, in particular in order to classify playerswithin their home group.In conclusion, Hattori’s body composition chart facilitates better identification of overweight young players and those with low muscle mass, as well as the detection of atypical morphotypes requiring appropriate management. Simple circumference measurements are likely to predict these different morphotypes, and could thus be carried out routinely by coaches/sports staff a prophylactic and performance-enhancing strategy
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Viljoen, Erna. "The legal implications of rugby injuries." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/332.
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Sports law in South Africa is a field requiring exciting and intensive research. With so many sporting codes changing their status to professional sport, intensive research on the legal implications pertaining to each professional sporting code has also become necessary. Professional rugby in South Africa has grown into a multimillion rand industry. It is an industry whose role players need specialized legal advice on a multitude of issues. This dissertation addresses the legal issues arising out of the situation where a professional player is injured, during practice or a game, due to the intentional or negligent action of another. The medico-legal aspects of rugby, relating to causation and proof of injuries are an indispensable element of proving liability where rugby injuries are concerned. These aspects are crucial in assessing the criminal and delictual liability of players, coaches, referees, team physicians and even the union concerned. The problem of rugby violence, causing injury, is addressed by both the criminal law and the law of delict with the issue of consent being central to this discussion. Furthermore, the labour law implications can be far-reaching for both the player and the employer union due to the unique features of sport as an industry. All role players in professional rugby will have to cooperate with the legal community to ensure that a practical body of law is established in order to make rugby a safer sport for all concerned and to protect the professional player from unnecessary, incapacitating injury.
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Chaix, Pierre. "Analyse économique du rugby professionnel en France." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21025.
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"Longtemps géré par des bénévoles dans un cadre amateur, le sport a connu, au cours du XXème siècle, une marchandisation progressive de son activité. Le rugby a longtemps maintenu, de manière souvent artificielle, les règles d'un amateurisme de plus en plus désuet. En 1995, l'arrivée "annoncée" du professionnalisme a boulversé les modes de gestion du rugby en France. Avec de nouvelles compétitions, de nouvelles structures (ligues, syndicats), des budgets en forte hausse, des salaires élevés et une médiatisation accrue, le rugby est devenu une activité économique d'importance. Mais cette évolution s'est accompagnée aussi d'effets pervers (études sacrifiées des étudiants-rugbymen, joueurs au chômage, budgets en déficit ou même gestion "délictueuse"), que les institutions en charge du rugby professionnel ont pour vocation à résoudre rapidement. La comparaison avec les sports professionnels aux USA et le décryptage d'un certain nombre d'études économiques proposent au rugby frabçais des hypothèses de travail qu'il convient d'étudier soigneusement. Ces propositions financières, administratives et sportives sont susceptibles de favoriser la réussite économique du rugby professionnel. "
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Davies, Stephanie Mae. "Paying the rite price| Rugby Union, sports media and the commodification of Maori ritual." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527911.
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This thesis examines the commodification of Maori ritual in rugby union that has occurred through the joint processes of colonization and globalization. Since its introduction to New Zealand during the colonial period, rugby has been a significant creator and conveyor of masculine identities. Through colonization and globalization, Maori religion and performing arts have been culturally mapped on Western categories of meaning. This decontextualization of kapa haka in rugby is increasingly an issue as, through new global technologies, people have unprecedented access to Maori intellectual property.
The international popularity of the New Zealand All Blacks and their pre-game haka has created a global platform for the exposure of Maori culture. However, the representations of Maori in rugby union are often from decontextualized sources. Therefore, an examination of haka in New Zealand demonstrates how Maori ritual has been appropriated for capitalistic purposes.
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Nier, Olivier. "Professionnalisation du rugby et stratégies de clubs de l'élite européenne." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10103.
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La professionnalisation des sports gagne l'ensemble des activites de haut niveau. Entendue comme une transformation economique organisationnelle et culturelle, elle a rencontre dans le rugby a xv de profondes resistances. Depuis la naissance de la coupe du monde (1987) le processus a connu une acceleration brutale, perceptible dans tous les clubs de l'elite europeenne. A partir de l'etude de cinq clubs (deux anglais, deux francais, un ecossais) et en utilisant un modele d'analyse inspire par la sociologie de l'action organisee (crozier, friedberg) nous avons mis en evidence les formes particulieres prises par la contradiction fondamentale qui traverse tous ces clubs. La reference a la tradition developpee dans un cadre associatif s'oppose aux exigences d'efficacite portees par une logique entrepreneuriale. La maniere dont ces contradictions sont assumees dans chacun des clubs a ete mise en evidence a partir d'une etude des strategies des acteurs principaux de ces clubs. Les processus de legitimation passent par un jeu avec les aspects culturels specifiques a chaque organisation. Cette approche permet une lecture originale des rapports de pouvoir.
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Gouveia, Rafael Botelho 1987. "Avaliação do desempenho anaeróbio de atletas de rugby em cadeira de rodas = Anaerobic performance evaluation of wheelchair rugby athletes." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275134.
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Orientador: Edison DuarteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:46:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gouveia_RafaelBotelho_M.pdf: 658553 bytes, checksum: dec2d5b58be7f6fa4097791a06743a51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Introdução: A prática de atividade física regular e a prática esportiva são consideradas algumas das atividades importantes no processo de reabilitação de pessoas com deficiência física. O Rugby em Cadeira de Rodas (RCR), modalidade desenvolvida para pessoas com deficiência física no mínimo de 3 membros, desde sua criação passou por constante evolução, tendo seu sistema de classificação funcional, regras e métodos de treinamento. Como modalidade coletiva o RCR tem suas particularidades que devem ser consideradas, dentre elas o desempenho do metabolismo anaeróbio dos atletas, que é um dos determinantes para o sucesso nesse tipo de modalidade. No entanto, não foi encontrado na literatura internacional ou nacional consultada, valores de referência. Logo o objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer uma referência sobre o perfil de desempenho anaeróbio de atletas de RCR, através da avaliação do Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Metodologia: Foram coletados os dados de Potência pico, média e % de Fadiga do Wingate Anaerobic Test de 10 atletas com lesão na medula espinhal, com cargas relativas a cada deficiência envolvida. Resultados: Foram encontrados para atletas da classe 0.5 valores de Ppico de 44,12 - 72,40 Watts (W), Pmédia de 27,16 - 54,78 W e %F de 46,88 - 77,29%. Para atletas 2.0 a Ppico encontrada foi de 208,22 - 248,11W, a Pmédia de 97,63 - 120,81W e o %F de 69,48 - 77,29%. Para os atletas 2.5 a Ppico de 214,93 - 272,70 W, a Pmédia de 156,49 - 170,54 W e o %F de 52,63 - 58,41%. O único atleta 3.0 avaliado apresentou Ppico de 327,83 W, Pmédia de 174,82 e %F de 69,08%. Conclusões: Os atletas avaliados têm níveis de potência pico e média próximos dos seus pares de classificação funcional, como constatado na literatura consultada, mas apresentaram valores maiores no %F, o que indica uma necessidade de treinamento da capacidade anaeróbia de trabalho
Abstract: Introduction: The regular physical activity and sports pratice are considered important in the rehabilitation process for disabled people. The Wheelchair Rugby (WR) is a sport developed for people with physical disability in at least 3 limbs, has since its creation passed for development in its classification rules, game rules and training methods. As a team sport, the WR has it is peculiarities that should be considered, as the anaerobic performance, a determinant factor for the sport. However, it's not found in the literature a standard profile about the anaerobic performance of WR athletes for the training process. Therefore the aim of this study was to establish a reference about the anaerobic performance profile of WR athletes through the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Methods: 10 athletes with spinal cord injury were evaluated with the WAnT, with relative loads for each subject and each neurological level, according the literature, with the loan relative of each deficiency involved. Results: Were found to 0.5 athletes PP values from 44.12 to 72.40 W, MP from 27.16 to 54.78 W and %F 46.88 to 77.29%. For the 2.0 athletes was found PP from 208.22 to 248.11W, MP from 97.63 to 120.81W and %F from 69.48 to 77.29%. For the 2.5 athletes PP from 214.93 to 272.70 W, MP from 156.49 to 170.54 W and %F from 52.63 to 58.41%. The only 3.0 athlete evaluated showed PP of W 327.83, MP of 174.82 and %F of 69.08%. Conclusions: The evaluated athletes have peak power and mean power levels similar to their functional classification pairs, but they presented higher values in the %F, so the necessity of training in the anaerobic capacity is indicated
Mestrado
Atividade Fisica Adaptada
Mestre em Educação Física
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Jones, Marc Rhys. "Investigating factors which may influence recovery and preparation in professional rugby union." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42486.
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To enhance understanding of recovery and preparation in rugby union, the aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of competition on key parameters and investigate factors which may influence the recovery process from competition and training. The findings of study one demonstrate that movement patterns and thus the physiological demands of match-play vary considerably between different positional groups. Additionally, study two demonstrates that the movement characteristics which determine the extent of muscle damage post-match are position specific, and that movement characteristics may be used to prospectively tailor individual recovery and manage subsequent training. Recovery patterns may also be influenced by factors not associated with match-play such as sleep, which has important physiological and psychological restorative effects. The findings of study three suggest that sleep patterns may vary considerably within a squad with many players presenting evidence of sleep disruption, particularly post-match which may be detrimental to recovery. Recovery following exercise may also be modulated by the application of post-exercise recovery strategies such as cold water immersion. However, study four demonstrates that cold water immersion may impede adaptation to strength training in rugby union players. When no recovery intervention was administered during a five week pre-season period, isometric mid-thigh pull peak force and relative peak force significantly increased by 5.4 +/- 4.7 and 5.8 +/- 5.4% respectively. However when individuals were immersed in cold water post-training there were no significant changes in strength during the training period. These findings may have great implications for strength training, particularly during periods of physical development. The findings of the thesis have furthered understanding of the characteristics of performance and identified several factors which influence recovery from training and competition. This in turn may be used to inform best practice procedures in attempt to 'optimise' preparation and recovery in rugby union.
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Van, Wyk Johan. "The relationship between training/match load and injuries in academy players during a provincial under 19 rugby union season." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16929.
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Includes bibliographical referencesBackground: The influence of professionalism has filtered down to junior levels in rugby union. The increased demands on junior professional rugby players has an impact on their fitness characteristics, training load, match load and injury profiles. Although many studies have been conducted on senior rugby union players, not much is known about junior players as they make the transition into the senior ranks. The aim of this study was to describe the training/match load during the pre-season and competitive in-season in a squad of under 19 academy rugby players and then to relate this to the injuries (contact and non-contact) sustained during the different phases of the season. A secondary aim was to measure the physical ability of the players through the season. Methods: Injury and training data from players in the Western Province under 19 Currie Cup squad (n=34) were recorded on a daily basis throughout the rugby season (42 weeks). The training load was represented by the time (minutes) spend in each activity associated with training, conditioning and match play. The players also underwent measurements of body mass, stature, body fat percentage, upper body muscular endurance (pull ups), and muscular strength (1RM bench press), sprint times (10m and 40m) and anaerobic capacity (5 meter shuttle run). All tests were conducted in January and June, which coincided with the beginning of pre-season and the beginning of the competition phase respectively. Results: Over the season 71 injuries were recorded, comprising 17 pre-season injuries, 18 pre-competition injuries and 36 competition phase injuries. There was no difference between the occurrence of contact and non-contact injuries during the different phases of the season. Although there was no significant difference between the injury rates during the different phases of the season, there was a significant difference between the injury rates in training (4.4/1000 player hours) and matches (74.1/1000 player hours). The most common body parts injured were thighs, hip/groin, ankles and shoulders, with injuries to the hand/finger and knee being the most severe. Muscles and ligaments were the structures that got injured the most. The average duration of days to return-to-play after an injury was 17 days. There were significant changes in the physical characteristics of the players in the six months between the test batteries. In addition to getting taller, players generally improved their fitness characteristics with significant improvements occurring in the bench press (8%), pull ups (113%), vertical jump (13%) and the 5 meter shuttle run (6%). Conclusion: The training load of the junior professional rugby players is similar to the load of senior professional rugby players. This represents a sudden increase compared to the previous year when the players were at school. A long-term research project with a database of rugby schools will assist in bridging the gap between the demands of junior rugby and junior professional rugby. Players joining a professional academy system after school need physical, emotional and tactical fast tracking as they are competing in a highly competitive environment for senior professional contracts. This accounts for the relatively high rate of injury throughout the season. Players need to be carefully monitored and managed during the season to detect symptoms reflecting poor adaptation to the training load.
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Merrick, Nicole. "Fallen warriors: Spinal cord injury and rugby union in Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2024. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2760.
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A spinal cord injury (SCI) is a permanent and life-changing event. International research demonstrates that Rugby SCI occur at low incidence rates, however current Australian studies are lacking. Despite their rare occurrence, even one is too many. The long-term outcomes for people who sustain a SCI require ongoing, complex healthcare over the lifetime. The aim of this research was to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of spinal cord injuries in Australian community-level rugby and to engage with and amplify the voices of people who have sustained a rugby-related SCI in identifying priorities, gaps in support and opportunities for prevention at all levels.
A multi-methods research design was undertaken. The thesis begins with a descriptive, epidemiological study of rugby injuries from data ascertained via Rugby Australia’s serious injury report form. This is followed by a codebook thematic analysis of social media to explore community perspectives of SCI in rugby, which are known to be contentious. The main body of the thesis comprises a qualitative thematic analysis and a mixed method, convergent parallel study. These studies explore the experiences and perspectives of 12 people with rugby-related SCI in relation to the immediate injury and the longerterm outcomes.
The incidence of permanent SCI in Australian community-level rugby union was established to be low, however the number of “near miss” injuries are much higher. Lessons learned from participant experiences and analysis of social media, identify a culture around safety that can be better addressed by dedicated education around risk. Insights from participant experiences can inform injury prevention policy and practice, to help reduce the risk and improve the on-field response when a SCI occurs. For those who sustain a SCI playing rugby, there is an ongoing process of adjustment that occurs throughout their life. Support gaps are present in mental health, intimacy and sexual health. Transitioning from inpatient rehabilitation to community services can be better supported through coordinated SCI care. Support which acknowledges the loss of athletic identity and maintaining connection with the rugby community are important facilitators to QoL for these injured players.
There may be opportunities for governing bodies to improve support by advocating for expediated funding and establishing peer mentoring programs in collaboration with other organisations, such as wheelchair sport associations, tertiary SCI hospitals and dedicated rugby SCI support groups. Further, governing bodies, community clubs and sports facilities can collaborate with health and emergency services to expedite SCI recognition and transport to appropriate spinal facilities when a rugby SCI occurs. Future research should explore the compliance of community clubs with Rugby Australia safety protocols and determine whether current training programs are adequate to prepare first aid attendants in SCI recognition. Research to understand how best to provide transitional support from inpatient rehabilitation to community services after discharge, is also warranted.
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Cannon, Michael-John. "The impact of clothing and protective gear on biophysical, physiological, perceptual and performance responses of rugby players during a simulated rugby protocol." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005202.
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Background: Clothing and protective gear worn during intermittent exercise has shown to increase physiological and perceptual responses, and negatively impact performance capacities, due to increased heat strain, suggested to hasten the onset of fatigue. However, the mechanisms of fatigue experienced in rugby remain unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was establish whether clothing and protective gear worn during a simulated rugby protocol impacts players‘ biophysical, physiological, perceptual and performance responses. Methods: 15 registered university and school first XV rugby players with a mean (± SD) age of 20.9 years (± 1.9) volunteered to participate in the study. Testing was performed in a controlled laboratory setting, with temperatures having to be within the range of 16º C-22º C. The mean (± SD) ambient temperature was 17.6º C (± 1.6) for the control condition and 17.3º C (1.5) for the experimental condition. The mean (± SD) relative humidity was 65.2 % (± 9.5) for the control condition and 66.3 % (± 10.0) for the experimental condition. Player‘s performed two protocols of 80-minutes; a control condition (minimal clothing and protective gear) and an experimental condition (full clothing and protective gear). Physiological, perceptual and performance responses were measured at set intervals during the protocol, while biophysical responses were measured pre-, at half-time and post-protocol during a 3-minute EMG treadmill protocol. Results: Muscle activity significantly (p< 0.05) increased with increasing running speeds. There were no significant (p> 0.05) differences for muscle activity between conditions, except for the semitendinosus muscle, which was significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the control condition while running at high speeds. Players‘ heart rates, core temperatures and perceptual responses were significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the experimental condition, compared to the control condition. Performance responses were significantly (p< 0.05) lower during the experimental condition. Conclusion: The main driver of physiological and perceptual responses was the exercise itself. However, the additional clothing and protective gear exacerbated the responses, particularly towards the end stages of the protocol. This negatively impacted players‘ performance. Muscle activity appeared to be unaffected by increased body temperatures. However, core temperatures never reached critically high levels during either condition.
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Smith, Ian Patrick. ""Is rugby bad for your intellect": the effect of repetitive mild head injuries on the cognitive functioning of university level rugby players." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002567.
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The study sought to determine whether there is evidence for the presence of residual (chronic) deleterious effects on cognition due to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in top team university level rugby players, using ImPACT 3.0, Trail Making Test (TMT) and Digit Span. The initial sample of 48 participants was divided into groups; Rugby (n = 30) and Controls (n = 18), Rugby Forwards (n = 14) and Rugby Backs (n = 16). A reduced sample (N = 31) comprised of Rugby (n = 20) and Controls (n = 11), Rugby Forwards (n = 9) and Rugby Backs (n = 11). Comparative subgroups were equivalent for estimated IQ but not for age and educational level in the full sample; in the reduced sample there was equivalence for all three variables of age, education and estimated IQ. All cognitive test measures were subjected to independent t-test analyses between groups at the pre- and post-season, and dependent t-test analyses for Rugby and Controls at pre- versus post-season. Overall, the results implicated the presence of deleterious effects of concussive events on Rugby players in the areas of speed of information processing, working memory and impulse control. Significant practice effects were found on the TMT and Digit Span for controls, but not on ImPACT 3.0, supporting the use of this computer-based programme in the sports management context.
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Renton, Paul Andrew. "The identification of a referee practice model and a pedagogy for the coaching of Rugby Union referees." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/6526.
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Krehbiel, Doug. ""Heddwch! Heddwch!" sport and cultural identity in early modern Wales /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/krehbield/dougkrehbiel.pdf.
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Cafeo, Marta Regina Garcia [UNESP]. "O riso pela fama: análise dos filmes publicitários da topper e Confederação Brasileira de Rugby." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89504.
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cafeo_mrg_me_bauru.pdf: 1620493 bytes, checksum: e0f48776e2a5b8067b6fb0be21bb846b (MD5)A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a análise de seis filmes publicitários da fabricante de material esportivo Topper, realizados em parceria com a Confederação Brasileira de Rugby (CBRu) e veiculados em emissoras de TV averta e fechada durante os anos de 2010 e 2011 para a divulgação e popularização do rúgbi no país. O rúgbi é considerado irmão do futebol, muito popular nos países de colonização britânica, mas ainda com pouca visibilidade no cenário esportivo nacional. A CBRu está empenhada em efetivar o planejamento estratégico elaborado e pretende, através da melhoria no desempenho da seleção brasileira, levar o país à elite do rúgbi, com o apoio de patrocinadores e incentivadores na divulgação da modalidade esportiva nos meios de comunicação. Uma das metas da entidade é tornar o esporte mais conhecido entre o público brasileiro, tendo em vista a inclusão da modalidade Rugby Seven nas Olimpíadas do Rio de Janeiro de 2016. Diante desse cenário, a proposta deste estudo é identificar os elementos aplicados nos argumentos das mensagens dos filmes publicitários, desenvolver uma reflexão sobre a influência dos aspectos sociológicos do esporte e do marketing esportivo. A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos: inicialmente, trazemos uma reflexão contextualizada dos aspectos sociológicos do jogo como esporte e cultura e, ainda, um breve histórico sobre o surgimento do rúgbi no mundo e no Brasil. Em seguida, serão abordadas questões relacionadas ao marketing e gestão esportiva do rúgbi no Brasil e as diversas ferramentas comunicacionais que vêm sendo utilizadas para disseminar a modalidade. No segundo capítulo, apresentar-se-ão os conceitos referentes à retórica, sofística e comicidade, baseados nos estudos de Chaim Perelman, Dante Trinaglli, Henri Bergson e Vladimir Propp que são bases conceituais das análises realizadas. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, são apresentadas...
This dissertation aims to analyze six advertisement films of Topper (manufacturer of sport equipment) in association with the Brasilian Confederation of Rugby, used for propagation and pupularization of rugby in the country. Rugby is considered a brother of soccer, popular in countries which have been colonized by Great Britain, but still with low visibility in national sport scene. CBRU is committed to accomplish the strategic plan settled and itntends, through improvements is Brazilian team development, to take the country to rugby elite, with the support of sponsors and encouragers in propagating the sport by means of communication. One of the goal of the entity is to make the sport better, know for Brazilian public, considering the inclusion of Rugby Seven modality to Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro 2016. Based on this cenario, the purpose of this study is to identify the elements used in the arguments of the advertise films messages, developing a through about the influence of sport & sporting marketing aspects in a sociologic view, and debate if the current moment lived by rugby in Brazil can contribute to its development in the country. This study is divided in three chapters, initially with a contextualized analysis of sociological aspects of the game as sport and culture. Then, there will be an approach related to marketing and rugby sport management in Brazil and the diverse communication tools which have been used to propagate the sport. Hereafter, the concepts related to rhetoric, sophistry and comicality will be presented, based on studies of Chaim Perelman, Dante Tringalli, Henri Bergson and Vladimir Propp, which are conceptual basis for the analysis made. Lastly, the analysis of six Topper/Confederation advertisement films are presented based on Francis Vanoye methodology, crossed with the theoretical concepts and sociologic aspects of the sport. This way it was possible to identify that advertise fims used communicational...
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Cafeo, Marta Regina Garcia. "O riso pela fama : análise dos filmes publicitários da topper e Confederação Brasileira de Rugby /." Bauru, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89504.
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Orientador: José Carlos MarquesBanca: Ary José Rocco Júnior
Banca: Marcos Américo
Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a análise de seis filmes publicitários da fabricante de material esportivo Topper, realizados em parceria com a Confederação Brasileira de Rugby (CBRu) e veiculados em emissoras de TV averta e fechada durante os anos de 2010 e 2011 para a divulgação e popularização do rúgbi no país. O rúgbi é considerado irmão do futebol, muito popular nos países de colonização britânica, mas ainda com pouca visibilidade no cenário esportivo nacional. A CBRu está empenhada em efetivar o planejamento estratégico elaborado e pretende, através da melhoria no desempenho da seleção brasileira, levar o país à elite do rúgbi, com o apoio de patrocinadores e incentivadores na divulgação da modalidade esportiva nos meios de comunicação. Uma das metas da entidade é tornar o esporte mais conhecido entre o público brasileiro, tendo em vista a inclusão da modalidade Rugby Seven nas Olimpíadas do Rio de Janeiro de 2016. Diante desse cenário, a proposta deste estudo é identificar os elementos aplicados nos argumentos das mensagens dos filmes publicitários, desenvolver uma reflexão sobre a influência dos aspectos sociológicos do esporte e do marketing esportivo. A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos: inicialmente, trazemos uma reflexão contextualizada dos aspectos sociológicos do jogo como esporte e cultura e, ainda, um breve histórico sobre o surgimento do rúgbi no mundo e no Brasil. Em seguida, serão abordadas questões relacionadas ao marketing e gestão esportiva do rúgbi no Brasil e as diversas ferramentas comunicacionais que vêm sendo utilizadas para disseminar a modalidade. No segundo capítulo, apresentar-se-ão os conceitos referentes à retórica, sofística e comicidade, baseados nos estudos de Chaim Perelman, Dante Trinaglli, Henri Bergson e Vladimir Propp que são bases conceituais das análises realizadas. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, são apresentadas...
Abstract: This dissertation aims to analyze six advertisement films of Topper (manufacturer of sport equipment) in association with the Brasilian Confederation of Rugby, used for propagation and pupularization of rugby in the country. Rugby is considered a brother of soccer, popular in countries which have been colonized by Great Britain, but still with low visibility in national sport scene. CBRU is committed to accomplish the strategic plan settled and itntends, through improvements is Brazilian team development, to take the country to rugby elite, with the support of sponsors and encouragers in propagating the sport by means of communication. One of the goal of the entity is to make the sport better, know for Brazilian public, considering the inclusion of Rugby Seven modality to Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro 2016. Based on this cenario, the purpose of this study is to identify the elements used in the arguments of the advertise films messages, developing a through about the influence of sport & sporting marketing aspects in a sociologic view, and debate if the current moment lived by rugby in Brazil can contribute to its development in the country. This study is divided in three chapters, initially with a contextualized analysis of sociological aspects of the game as sport and culture. Then, there will be an approach related to marketing and rugby sport management in Brazil and the diverse communication tools which have been used to propagate the sport. Hereafter, the concepts related to rhetoric, sophistry and comicality will be presented, based on studies of Chaim Perelman, Dante Tringalli, Henri Bergson and Vladimir Propp, which are conceptual basis for the analysis made. Lastly, the analysis of six Topper/Confederation advertisement films are presented based on Francis Vanoye methodology, crossed with the theoretical concepts and sociologic aspects of the sport. This way it was possible to identify that advertise fims used communicational...
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