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Gierczuk, Dariusz, Zbigniew Bujak, Jan Rowiński, and Aleksey Dmitriyev. "Selected Coordination Motor Abilities in Elite Wrestlers and Taekwon-Do Competitors." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10197-012-0022-1.
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Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to compare CMAs in elite wrestlers and taekwon-do competitors. Material and methods. Forty-nine Greco-Roman wrestlers and ITF taekwon-do competitors were included in the study. The wrestlers were 21.9±2.74 years old, while the taekwon-do competitors were 22.7±5.78 years old. The former group had between 7 and 14 years' training experience and the latter group had from 6 to 16 years' experience. All subjects were elite sportspeople (between first class and international master class levels). Five CMAs were assessed using 14 indices. Computer tests from the Vienna Test System were employed in the study. Results. It was shown that there were no significant differences in CMA levels between wrestlers and taekwon-do competitors. Wrestlers from higher sports classes outperformed competitors who possessed lower sports classes in the majority of CMA indices. Statistically significant differences were observed for simple reaction, movement coupling and high frequency of movements. Taekwon-do competitors at the international master sports class (IM) level scored better than athletes who were at national master class (NM) and first class (I) levels in spatial orientation, reaction time, movement coupling and high frequency of movements. Regardless of the type of combat sport, competitors demonstrated high individual differences in CMAs, which may indicate that a focus on coordination improvement could increase training effectiveness. Conclusions. Further research on identifying predominant CMAs in sportspeople at different levels of competition, particularly in those achieving significant sports successes may be conducted. Tests to thoroughly diagnose coordination should be employed in such investigations.
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Mocrousov, Elena. "Stabilometrical Studies of Children’s Functional Movement Status for their Selection for Table Tennis in the Modern Context." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2019-0003.
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Summary Modern sport is characterized by rapid growth of records and achievements, and related significant intensification of training and competitive loads requires a scientifically grounded search for talented young people, who can cope with heavy sports loads, high rates of sports development and sports achievements. At the same time, search and selection of talented children for sports to begin their sports development should be based on scientific achievements in the field of pedagogy, psychology, physiology, sports training and other special subjects which give an appropriate idea about specifics of the status and development of the organism, its functional and movement capabilities. Exploring the problems of today’s youth, and the origins of table tennis, we can state that at the present stage table tennis can be an effective means of physical education of the younger generation of the Republic of Moldova, not only for sports development but also for the education of the socially and morally healthy young people. Sports practice of athlete’s development requires knowledge and records of indicators of their present and prospective physical, functional and psychomotor status, which dynamics and forecast allow planning athletic performance. The material for publication provides research findings on stabilometrical studies of functional movement status of children participating in sports selection for table tennis. At the same time, stabilometric criteria of children selection for table tennis serve an effective assessment of their physical condition, based on their previous movement experiences. Applied stabilometrical tests for studying and assessing the functional movement skills are quite adequate to the due age development of the explored children and they allow to perform efficient sports selection at a high level. Applying these tests in the process of sports selection of children for table tennis will allow us to identify often outwardly hidden visual, hearing, proprioceptive, and vestibular distortions and necessary psychomotor status allowing to control their own motor actions.
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Zhu, Shuyun. "REDUCING THE SPORTS INJURY THROUGH FUNCTION MOVEMENT BIOLOGICAL IMAGE DATA SCREENING." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, no. 3 (September 2021): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127032021_0108.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Among the many cases of sports injuries, the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries remains high. After a musculoskeletal injury occurs, athletes often need to suspend training and undergo rehabilitation. A suitable sport mode requires athletes to have sufficient joint range of motion, core stability, and balance ability in different positions to complete various complex movements in training and competition. Objective The paper analyzes the impact of warm-up exercises before the test on the test results of functional sports biological image data screening ( FMS TM ) and provides references for unifying test conditions, checking the reliability of FMS TM repeated tests, and discussing the comparability of the research results. Methods The paper used the same password and process to test 12 young male volleyball professional athletes without warm-up and warm-up. The two-dimensional motion analysis system Dartfish Pursuit 8.0 was used to analyze the video data recorded by the two cameras simultaneously. Results In the two tests before and after, the hurdle step score (1.75±0.62 vs. 2.42±0.52) and the total score (13.50±2.20 vs. 16.42±2.15) were significantly higher than those without the warm-up test (P<0.01). Besides, in squats (1.58±0.67 vs. 1.92±0.67), straight lunges (2.00±0.43 vs. 2.50±0.52), active straight leg lifts (1.50±0.67 vs. 2.00±0.60), rotation stability (1.42) ±0.52 vs. 1.92±0.29) showed a significant increase in the score (P<0.05). Conclusions Warm-up exercises before the test can improve the test results. This abnormal movement pattern observed only by visual inspection may not truly reflect the “dysfunction” of the movement. In the case of ignoring the pre-test warm-up factors, feedback on sports performance and formulating training strategies, this conclusion of predicting injury risk and evaluating training effects may have specific limitations in its reference value. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Taha, Zahari, Rabiu Muazu Musa, Mohammad Razali Abdullah, Mohd Azrai Mohd Razman, Chei Ming Lee, Faeiz Azizi Adnan, Muhammad Amirul Abdullah, and Mainul Haque. "The Application of Inertial Measurement Units and Wearable Sensors to Measure Selected Physiological Indicators in Archery." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ajprhc/2017/11046.
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The requirement for objective techniques to observe physical action in its distinctive measurements has prompted the improvement and broad utilisation of motion sensors called Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), which measures bodily movements. However, although these sensors have been utilised to measure postural balance in both clinical and some specific sports, little or no effort have been made to apply these sensors to the measurement of other physiological indicators in the sport of archery. This study aims to ascertain the postural balance, hand movement, muscular activation as well as heart rate of an archer. An archer was instructed to perform two balance standings, two hand movements and his muscular activations of flexor and extensor digitorum, as well as heart rate, were recorded using Shimmer sensors. The mean movement of x and y-axis of the archer was used to correlate with the Pearson correlation for testing the validity of the sensors. Kolmogorov/Smirnov test was utilised to measure the reliability of the sensors over test re-test in two different tests. The coefficient of determination indicates some positive and negative significant relationships between some indicators. The Kolmogorov/Smirnov test re-test reveals a significant difference between all the indicators in both tests A and B, p < 0.001. The archer was able to present two types of postural standings and exhibited two hands movement while holding the bow. However, his heart rate demonstrated some variability during the executions of the movement in both tests. Thus, it could be concluded that the fusion sensors are reliable in measuring the aforementioned physiological indicators.
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Cejudo, Antonio, Pilar Sainz de Baranda, Francisco Ayala, Mark De Ste Croix, and Fernando Santonja-Medina. "Assessment of the Range of Movement of the Lower Limb in Sport: Advantages of the ROM-SPORT I Battery." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 7606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207606.
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Range of movement (ROM) assessment is an important strategy to increase physical-technical performance and minimize the risk of sports-related injuries. Currently, there is no consensus regarding which ROM assessment method is the most appropriate. The main objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the test batteries available for the assessment of lower limb ROM; additionally, we compare the ROM-SPORT I battery with those previously reported in the literature. The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The identification of publications was made by using the databases SciELO, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Based on the inclusion criteria, sixteen publications were selected and analyzed. The ROM-SPORT I battery is the most valid of the analyzed methods. This battery evaluates the ROM of eleven lower limb movements. The inclinometer with a telescopic arm and a box is a simpler, more comfortable, and faster procedure than others. The Lumbosant support and use of two examiners are essential to avoid compensatory movements to obtain reliable measurements during ROM assessment. The ROM-SPORT I is a field-based battery of tests that may be used by sports professionals, clinics, and researchers in applied settings to accurately assess and monitor lower extremity ROM.
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Steinberg, Nili, Roger Adams, Moshe Ayalon, Nadav Dotan, Shiri Bretter, and Gordon Waddington. "Recent Ankle Injury, Sport Participation Level, and Tests of Proprioception." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 8 (November 1, 2019): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0164.
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Objective: Assessing the effects of ankle injury and sport participation level on ankle proprioceptive sensitivity using a joint position reproduction (JPR) test and an inversion movement extent discrimination test. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Biomechanics lab. Participants: Forty-five student athletes ages 21–30 (mean = 24.8 y). Main Outcome Measures: Participants were tested for ankle inversion sensitivity using 2 devices; movement reproduction error was obtained from JPR in a non-weight-bearing (N-WB) state at 10° and 15° of inversion, and an ankle proprioceptive sensitivity score was obtained from the active movement extent discrimination apparatus (AMEDA), representing the ability to differentiate 5 inversion movement extents between 10.5° and 14.5°, with testing in both N-WB and weight-bearing (WB) states. Results: For the 34 athletes with no ankle injury in the previous 12 months, the sensitivity scores achieved on the AMEDA were significantly higher (P < .01) than those for the 11 athletes with ankle injury, and the injury effect was significantly greater in WB (P = .01). In JPR testing, the 2.96° error of reproduction for athletes with no recent ankle injury was not significantly different from the 3.36° error for those with ankle injury (P = .46). Correlation of current sport participation level with JPR showed less error for higher-level performers (r = .49, P = .001) but no significant relationship to WB or N-WB AMEDA scores (both P > .61). WB AMEDA scores were significantly higher for athletes who had competed at a higher level of sport competition when <18 years old (r = −.57, P < .001). Conclusions: Previous ankle sprains affected proprioceptive scores on the WB AMEDA and N-WB AMEDA tests, indicating the sensitivity of the AMEDA movement discrimination test to the effects of ankle injury. The correlation between JPR scores and current level of sport participation suggests the sensitivity of the JPR test to current ankle use.
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Starosta, Włodzimierz. "Importance of movement symmetry in technical and tactical preparation of high advanced judokas different level of mastership." Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4653.
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Introduction. The equalizing level of judokas preparation and more tough international competition force to seek continuously for reserves. The dimishing reserves still remaining in fitness draw attention to technical and tactical preparation. Here, movement symmetry and its application in tactics have been little used, as yet. The objective was to determine appearance of movement symmetry its extent and importance for sport successes by judokas. Methods and material. general physical fitness tests, interviews, observations. Tested were 136 advanced judokas (male and female), mainly juniors (finalists of the Polish Youth Games, reserve of the Polish Junior National Team). Results were given on the background of literature data for 959 judokas from various countries. Results. Investigation of the large judokas group has shown domination of right-side body activity, especially in young judokas (threefold in juniors). Over 20% of leading judokas made throws in both directions, with their number increasing with increase in sport proficiency (up to 57.3% among medal winners, and 71.4% among golden medal winners during various events, including Olympic Games). Symmetrically trained judokas have had greater successes when using right and left throws. This points to the increasing important of movement versatility at the highest level of sports mastery. Conclusion. Physical fitness test results in judokas show a differentiation in the body sides abilities in particular tests. This differentiation has been the highest in balance, flexibility and global movement coordination tests and lowest in the force (speed type tests).
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Kaplan, Yonatan, and Erik Witvrouw. "When Is It Safe to Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction? Reviewing the Criteria." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 4 (May 28, 2019): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738119846502.
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Context: There is an ever-increasing trend toward sports, fitness, and recreation activities, so the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament sports injuries has increased. Perhaps the greatest challenge for sports clinicians is to return the injured athlete back to his/her original sport at an even greater level of functional ability than preinjury. For this, rigorous and well-researched criteria are needed. Evidence Acquisition: Using medical subject headings and free-text words, an electronic search was conducted up to October 2018. Subject-specific search was based on the terms return to play and return to sport in combination with guidelines, criteria, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design: Descriptive review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Results: Five principal criteria were found, including psychological factors, performance/functional tests, strength tests, time, and modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Conclusion: The psychological readiness of the player is a major factor in successful safe return to sport (SRTS) decision making. Although strength, performance, and functional tests presently form the mainstay of SRTS criteria, there exists very little scientific evidence for their validity. More protection should be provided to athletes with known risk factors. Movement quality is important, if not more important than the quantifiable measures. As a result of the significantly high rerupture rate in young individuals, delayed SRTS should be considered preferably beyond 9 months postsurgery.
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Granström, Hannah, Björn O. Äng, and Eva Rasmussen-Barr. "Movement control tests for the lumbopelvic complex. Are these tests reliable and valid?" Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 33, no. 5 (May 4, 2017): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2017.1318422.
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Marques, Joao Beleboni, Darren James Paul, Phil Graham-Smith, and Paul James Read. "Change of Direction Assessment Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Review of Current Practice and Considerations to Enhance Practical Application." Sports Medicine 50, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01189-4.
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Abstract Change of direction (CoD) has been indicated as a key mechanism in the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during invasion sports. Despite these associations, assessments of knee function in athletic populations at the time of return to sport following ACL reconstruction (ACLr) have often focused on strength and single-leg hop tests, with a paucity of evidence to describe the CoD characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review was to describe the movement strategies exhibited following ACLr during CoD tasks and to critically analyze the range of tests that have been used. Specifically, we examined their ability to identify between-limb deficits and individuals who display a heightened risk of secondary injury and/or reductions in their level of pre-injury performance. MEDLINE, PubMed and SPORT Discuss databases were used and 13 articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Examination of the available literature indicates that current field-based practices are not representative of relevant sport demands and are unable to effectively assess knee function following ACLr. Laboratory-based studies have identified residual deficits and altered movement strategies at the time of return to sport, and this in part may be related to risk of re-injury. However, these assessments exhibit inherent limitations and are not practically viable for monitoring progress during rehabilitation. Consequently, alternative solutions that are more-aligned with the multitude of factors occurring during CoD maneuvers in chaotic sports environments are warranted to allow practitioners to ‘bridge the gap’ between the laboratory and the sports field/court. This approach may facilitate a more informed decision-making process with the end goal being, a heightened ‘return to performance’ and a lower risk of re-injury.
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Bushman, Timothy T., Tyson L. Grier, Michelle C. Canham-Chervak, Morgan K. Anderson, William J. North, and Bruce H. Jones. "Pain on Functional Movement Screen Tests and Injury Risk." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29 (November 2015): S65—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001040.
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Chimenti, Ruth L., Sara A. Scholtes, and Linda R. Van Dillen. "Activity Characteristics and Movement Patterns in People With and People Without Low Back Pain Who Participate in Rotation-Related Sports." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 22, no. 3 (August 2013): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.22.3.161.
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Many risk factors have been identified as contributing to the development or persistence of low back pain (LBP). However, the juxtaposition of both high and low levels of physical activity being associated with LBP reflects the complexity of the relationship between a risk factor and LBP. Moreover, not everyone with an identified risk factor, such as a movement pattern of increased lumbopelvic rotation, has LBP.Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine differences in activity level and movement patterns between people with and people without chronic or recurrent LBP who participate in rotation-related sports.Design Case:Case-control study.Setting:University laboratory environment.Participants:52 people with chronic or recurrent LBP and 25 people without LBP who all play a rotation-related sport.Main Outcome Measures:Participants completed self-report measures including the Baecke Habitual Activity Questionnaire and a questionnaire on rotation-related sports. A 3-dimensional motion-capture system was used to collect movement-pattern variables during 2 lower-limb-movement tests.Results:Compared with people without LBP, people with LBP reported a greater difference between the sport subscore and an average work and leisure composite subscore on the Baecke Habitual Activity Questionnaire (F = 6.55, P = .01). There were no differences between groups in either rotation-related-sport participation or movement-pattern variables demonstrated during 2 lower-limb-movement tests (P > .05 for all comparisons).Conclusions:People with and people without LBP who regularly play a rotation-related sport differed in the amount and nature of activity participation but not in movement-pattern variables. An imbalance between level of activity during sport and daily functions may contribute to the development or persistence of LBP in people who play a rotation-related sport.
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Heath, Madison R., Joseph J. Janosky, Angelo Pegno, Jonathan M. Schachne, and Peter D. Fabricant. "Age Is More Predictive of Safe Movement Patterns Than Are Physical Activity or Sports Specialization: A Prospective Motion Analysis Study of Young Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 7 (April 29, 2021): 1904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211008562.
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Background: Movement quality and neuromuscular balance are noted predictors of acute injury. Early sports specialization and extremely high activity levels have been linked to elevated risk of injury. Purpose: To investigate for any relationships among quality of physical movement, quantity of physical activity, and degree of sports specialization in a healthy cohort of active children and adolescents. Study Design: Cross-sectional study with prospectively collected data. Methods: Healthy children between the ages of 10 and 18 years were recruited and completed the Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale to assess quantity of physical activity and the Jayanthi scale to assess degree of sports specialization (high, score of 2 or 3; low, score of 0 or 1). Movement quality was assessed using motion analysis sensors during 5 repetitions of 4 different jumping and squatting motions, with a maximum score of 100 per participant. Independent-samples t tests were used to compare participants with high versus low specialization on physical activity and movement quality. A Spearman correlation was used to determine the relationship between quantity of physical activity and movement quality, and linear regression was used to assess for the effect of participant age on relevant covariables. Results: Final analyses included 147 participants (72% male) with a mean ± SD age of 13.4 ± 2.2 years. Participants who were highly specialized displayed better movement quality than did participants with low sports specialization (27.6 ± 14.0 vs 19.8 ± 10.1; P < .01). Participants who were highly specialized had significantly higher activity levels (24.6 ± 5.9 vs 18.1 ± 6.9; P < .001). Movement quality was moderately correlated with physical activity level ( r = 0.335; P < .001). Physical activity; hours of organized sports activity; hours of free, unorganized physical activity; and specialization level were not significant predictors of movement quality when controlling for age. Age alone predicted 24.2% of the variance in the overall movement quality score ( R2 = 0.242; B = 3.0; P < .001). Conclusion: This study found that sports specialization and physical activity levels were not associated with movement quality when controlling for age, which was the most important variable predicting athletic movement quality. Although all participants displayed movement patterns that were associated with high risk for injury, overall movement quality improved with advancing chronological age. Clinical Relevance: All young athletes should ensure that neuromuscular training accompanies sport-specific training to reduce risk of injury.
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Estevan, Isaac, Gonzalo Monfort-Torres, Roman Farana, David Zahradnik, Daniel Jandacka, and Xavier García-Massó. "Children’s Single-Leg Landing Movement Capability Analysis According to the Type of Sport Practiced." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 6414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176414.
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(1) Background: Understanding children’s motor patterns in landing is important not only for sport performance but also to prevent lower limb injury. The purpose of this study was to analyze children’s lower limb joint angles and impact force during single-leg landings (SLL) in different types of jumping sports using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). (2) Methods: Thirty children (53.33% girls, M = 10.16 years-old, standard deviation (SD) = 1.52) divided into three groups (gymnastics, volleyball and control) participated in the study. The participants were asked to do SLLs with the dominant lower limb (barefoot) on a force plate from a height of 25 cm. The vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and lower limb joint angles were assessed. SPM{F} one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPM{t} unpaired t-tests were performed during the landing and stability phases. (3) Results: A significant main effect was found in the landing phase of jumping sport practice in GRF and joint angles. During the stability phase, this effect was exhibited in ankle and knee joint angles. (4) Conclusions: Evidence was obtained of the influence of practicing a specific sport in childhood. Child volleyball players performed SLL with lower impact force and higher knee flexion than child gymnasts. Training in specific jumping sports (i.e., volleyball and gymnastics) could affect the individual capacity to adapt SLL execution.
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Šarabon, Nejc, Darjan Smajla, Nicola A. Maffiuletti, and Chris Bishop. "Strength, Jumping and Change of Direction Speed Asymmetries in Soccer, Basketball and Tennis Players." Symmetry 12, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12101664.
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Despite growing research in the field of inter-limb asymmetries (ILAs), little is known about the variation of ILAs in different populations of athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare ILAs among young basketball, soccer and tennis players. ILAs were assessed in three different types of tests (strength, jumping and change of direction (CoD) speed), each including different tasks: (1) bilateral and unilateral counter movement jump, (2) isometric strength of knee extensors (KE) and knee flexors (KF), and (3) 90° and 180° CoD. Generally, the absolute metrics showed strong reliability and revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the three groups in KE maximal torque, KE and KF rate of force development and in both CoD tests. For jumping ILAs, power and force impulse metrics exhibited significant between-limb differences between groups, compared to jump height. For strength and CoD speed ILAs, only KF maximal torque and 180° CoD exhibited significant differences between groups. Greater KF strength ILAs in soccer players and counter-movement jump ILAs in tennis players are most probably the result of sport-specific movement patterns and training routines. Sport practitioners should be aware of the differences in ILAs among sports and address training programs accordingly.
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Salatkaitė, Saulė, Toma Garbenytė Apolinskienė, Laimonas Šiupšinskas, Alma Kajėnienė, and Rimtautas Gudas. "RISK OF SPORTS-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AMONG ELITE WOMEN BASKETBALL PLAYERS ACCORDING TO POSITION ON THE COURT AND SPORT RESULTS." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 1, no. 100 (2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v1i100.46.
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Background. Basketball is a popular sport around the world, the number of players is growing, the probability to experience trauma is increasing, too. Studies have shown that women sustain 60% more injuries than men do. Pre- season physical examination helps to establish sports specific changes in the body of the athlete and to determine risk factors for training, competition, which cause injury to the players. Research aim was to analyse risk of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries in elite women basketball players according to the position on the court. Methods. The study involved 100 players in Lithuanian women basketball league who completed the questionnaire about the level of physical fatigue, performed Lower Quarter Y Balance Test™ and Functional Movement Screen ™ tests during pre-season physical examination in 2014. Data were analysed and compared according to player’s position on the court (guards and forwards). Results. The level of physical fatigue during pre-season period was low in both groups. Dynamic stability of the right leg was better in guards (composite score – 105.2 to 101.8 in forwards) while dynamic stability of the left leg remained the same in both groups. Guards had higher total scores in Functional Movement Screen™ tests pointing to the better quality of basic functional movement patterns. Conclusions. The guard’s playing efficiency during the season was higher than that of forwards and it was associated with better dynamic stability and higher level of physical fatigue at pre-season. Indirect indicators of non-contact musculoskeletal sport injuries showed that guards should have lower risk of non-contact sport-related injuries in women basketball.
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Milosevic, Matija, Kristiina M. Valter McConville, and Kei Masani. "Arm movement improves performance in clinical balance and mobility tests." Gait & Posture 33, no. 3 (March 2011): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.12.005.
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Domaradzki, Jarosław, Dawid Koźlenia, and Izabela Trojanowska. "Assessment of Body Mass Index and fundamental movement patterns as determinants of speed abilities in male college athletes using multidimensional linear regression." Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 28, no. 84 (December 31, 2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7795.
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Aim. Speed is the fundamental motor skill in many sports. Factors determining its level are the subject of many researchers’ investigations. There are only few data on the relationship between morphological features, movement patterns, and speed abilities. The aim was to assess connections between weight-height proportions, movement patterns and the speed abilities of male college athletes. Methods. 41 men, college athletes (20.60 ± 1.22 years). The criterion of inclusion was: absence of injury during the 6 weeks before the tests, doing a sport discipline that included the speed component. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The FMSTM test and motor trials: Long jump, 20m Linear Speed, Agility T-test were conducted. Results. There were no simple relationships between the FMSTM score and motor tests, only the Deep Squat test significantly correlated with the Long Jump. Higher body weight and BMI value were associated with worse time at 20m Linear Speed. BMI proved to be better predictors of the results of speed tests (20 linear speed, Agility T-test) rather than movement patterns. Conclusions. Speed abilities are associated with many other factors that have a greater impact on the speed. The correct pattern of the Deep Squat allows to release more power of the lower limbs in the Long Jump. Maintaining the correct body mass in relation to the body height determines the possibility of achieving better results in speed tests.
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Glass, Stephen M., Christopher K. Rhea, Randy J. Schmitz, and Scott E. Ross. "Potential Mediators of Load-Related Changes in Movement Complexity in Young, Healthy Adults." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-529-16.
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Context Movement screening has become increasingly popular among tactical professionals. This popularity has motivated the design of interventions that cater to improving outcomes on the screens themselves, which are often scored in reference to an objective norm. In contrast to the assumptions underlying this approach, dynamical systems theory suggests that movements arise as a function of continuously evolving constraints and that optimal movement strategies may not exist. To date, few data address behavioral complexity in the fundamental movement tasks commonly used in clinical screenings. Objective To provide evidence of complex variability during movement screens and test the role of modifiable—that is, trainable—constraints in mediating loss of complexity during experimental-task manipulations. Design Crossover study. Setting Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty-five male (age = 23.96 ± 3.74 years, height = 178.82 ± 7.51 cm, mass = 79.66 ± 12.66 kg) and 25 female (age = 22.00 ± 2.02 years, height = 165.40 ± 10.24 cm, mass = 63.98 ± 11.07 kg) recreationally active adults. Intervention(s) Participants performed tests of balance, range of motion, and strength. Additionally, they performed cyclical movement tasks under a control (C) condition and while wearing an 18.10-kg weight vest (W). Main Outcome Measure(s) Ground reaction forces were sampled at 1000 Hz and used to calculate center of pressure during cyclical movement tests. Multivariate multiscale entropy (MMSE) for the center-of-pressure signal was then calculated. Condition effects (C versus W) were analyzed using paired t tests, and penalized varying-coefficients regression was used to identify models predicting entropy outcomes from balance, range of motion, and strength. Results The MMSE decreased during the W condition (MMSEC > MMSEW; t49 range = 3.17–5.21; all P values < .01). Conclusions Moderate evidence supported an association between modifiable constraints and behavioral complexity, but a role in mediating load-related loss of complexity was not demonstrated.
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Azim Rezaei, Derya, Gonul Acar, Dilsad Turkdogan, Olcay Unver, and Fatma Kaya Narter. "Relationships Among 3 Movement Analysis Tests in Preterm Infants." Pediatric Physical Therapy 31, no. 3 (July 2019): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000000607.
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Kovac, Dimitrije, Zarko Krkeljas, Dusko Spasovski, Vladimir Grbic, and Lazar Miceta. "Functional movement screen proficiency of adolescent female volleyball players." Physical Activity Review 9, no. 2 (2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2021.09.23.
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Assessments and testing of young athletes often exclude the fundamental and functional movement capacity, which are critical for healthy motor development of adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional capacity of young female volleyball players and determine if participation in volleyball leads to development of movement dysfunctions. Two-hundred fifty-eight (258) adolescent female volleyball players (14.3 ± 1.7 yrs) underwent the functional movement screen. Person correlation showed no significant relationship between functional tests and playing experience, while age showed significant, but weak relationship with total functional score (r = 0.189; p < 0.005). Overall, 44% of participants scored less than 14. Paired sample t-tests show significant bilateral asymmetries in hurdle step, in-line lunge, and shoulder mobility tests. Functional movement screen was useful in identifying functional limitations and asymmetries in young female athletes. However, as neither age nor playing experience were strongly associated with functional score, more attention should be given to the qualitative movement assessment of individual tests, rather than the composite score.
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Wang, Dean, James Chen, Wilson Lai, Jeremy Vail, Caitlin Marie Rugg, and Sharon L. Hame. "Predictive Value of the Functional Movement Screen for Sports-Related Injury in NCAA Division I Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 3_suppl3 (March 1, 2017): 2325967117S0013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00132.
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Objectives: Assessing risk of injury among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes remains a significant challenge for sports medicine professionals. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) was created to identify persons at risk for sport-related injuries and is comprised of 7 functional tests (overhead deep squat, in-line lunge, hurdle step, active straight leg raise, shoulder mobility, trunk stability push up, and rotatory stability) involving locomotor, manipulative and stabilization actions that assess balance, mobility, and stability. The purpose of this study was to analyze the predictive value of the FMS for sports-related injury in a cohort of NCAA athletes. Methods: The FMS was administered to NCAA Division I athletes at a single institution (N = 315) during pre-participation physical examinations (PPE). Individual athlete data, including history of prior surgeries, sex, sport, and BMI, was collected during the PPE. Athletes were followed prospectively for an average of 19.3 months (range, 4.1-28.3 months). Clinically significant injuries, defined as those that caused an athlete to miss seven or more days of athletic participation, were recorded. Rate of injury was calculated per athlete-exposure. Predictor variables were first univariately analyzed and included in multivariate models with sex and sport if P < .10. Multivariate Cox regression and Poisson regression was performed to assess predictors for earlier and higher rates of injury, respectively. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal predictive value cut score for the FMS as an injury screening tool. Results: Of the 315 athletes, 186 (59%) were male and 129 (41%) were female. Participants were classified into collision (27%), contact (30%), limited contact (21%) and non-contact (22%) sports. Twenty-eight athletes (9%) had undergone precollegiate lower extremity surgery. Athletes with an obese BMI had a lower mean FMS composite score (12.9) than those with a normal (14.0) and overweight (14.6) BMI (P = 0.03 and P < .01, respectively). An FMS score ≤ 11 was significantly associated with earlier injury (HR 1.98; 95% CI, 1.20-3.19) and higher rates of injury (RR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.23 -1.41) compared to an FMS score >11. Female sex, type of sport, higher BMI, and precollegiate lower extremity surgery were also independent predictors of injury ( Table 1 ). The optimal cut point for injury screening as determined by ROC analysis was an FMS score of 13. Using this cut point, sensitivity was 48.1%, specificity was 62.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 50.7%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 60.0%. Moving the cut point to 11 decreased sensitivity to 17.4%, increased specificity to 91.7%, increased PPV to 62.7%, and decreased NPV to 58.1%. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.58. [Table: see text] Conclusion: Although a low FMS score (≤11) indicated earlier and higher rates of injury, the low sensitivity, PPV, and AUC suggest that the FMS is not suitable as a solitary injury screening tool in collegiate athletes. This is likely due to the multifactorial and complex nature of sports-related injuries. Any functional measure must take into account a multitude of factors, such as sex, sport, BMI, and prior injuries/surgeries that are specific to the observed population in order to accurately assess injury risk. Thus, sports medicine professionals should be cautioned against using the FMS alone as an injury screening tool in NCAA athletes.
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Lin, Yun-An, m. c. schraefel, Wei-Hung Chiang, and Kenneth J. Loh. "Wearable nanocomposite kinesiology tape for distributed muscle engagement monitoring." MRS Advances 6, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43580-021-00005-4.
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AbstractSports coaches help athletes develop and improve their skills by assessing their ability to perform motion primitives that make up functional sports tasks. Sports coaching today is mostly done visually, which demands constant attention and can be imprecise. While sensors like electronic textiles and surface electromyography can measure muscle engagement, they are susceptible to movement artifacts and noise due to surface electrode issues. Therefore, the work reported here focuses on our development of self-adhesive, fabric-based sensors that can be directly affixed onto skin for monitoring skin-strains and distributed muscular engagement during functional movements. The vision is that these sensors can be readily used by sports coaches and individuals to better assess motion primitives and the execution of sports tasks. The approach integrates piezoresistive graphene nanosheet thin films with kinesiology tape (K-Tape). Because every location of the film is responsive to strains, electrodes can also be judiciously placed along the nanocomposite for distributed strain sensing. Nanocomposite or “Smart K-Tape” sensors were fabricated, and electromechanical tests were conducted to characterize their tensile, compressive, and cyclic sensing properties. Upon confirming their linearity, repeatability, stability, and high sensitivity, individuals wore Smart K-Tape sensors over different muscle groups as they performed prescribed exercise and stretching movements. The Smart K-Tapes outputted unique waveforms that revealed the speed and duration of muscular engagement through movement sequences. Furthermore, the region of muscular contraction could also be localized using each Smart K-Tape as a distributed strain sensor, which demonstrated promise as a convenient and quantitative motion primitive assessment tool relevant for sports coaching and athletic skills development.
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Wilkerson, Gary B., Dustin C. Nabhan, and Ryan T. Crane. "Concussion History and Neuromechanical Responsiveness Asymmetry." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 6 (May 12, 2020): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0401.19.
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Context Detection of subtle changes in brain sensorimotor processes may enable clinicians to identify athletes who would derive the greatest benefit from interventions designed to reduce the risk for future injury and progressive neurologic or musculoskeletal dysfunction. Objective To develop a generalizable statistical model for identifying athletes who possess subtle alterations in sensorimotor processes that may be due to previous concussion. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Residential Olympic Training Center sports medicine clinic. Patients or Other Participants A primary cohort of 35 elite athletes and a secondary cohort of 40 elite athletes who performed identical tests the preceding year. Intervention(s) Two upper extremity tests of visual-motor reaction time and 2 tests of whole-body reactive agility were administered. The whole-body tests required lateral or diagonal responses to virtual-reality targets, which provided measures of reaction time, speed, acceleration, and deceleration. Main Outcome Measure(s) Sport-related concussion history, which was reported by 54% (n = 19) of the athletes in the primary cohort and 45% (n = 18) of the athletes in the secondary cohort. Results Univariable analyses identified 12 strong predictors of sport-related concussion history, which we combined to create a composite metric with maximum predictive value. Composite lateral asymmetry for whole-body reactive movements and persisting effects of previous musculoskeletal injury yielded a logistic regression model with exceptionally good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.845) and calibration (predicted-observed probabilities within 7 subgroups: r = 0.959, P = .001). Application of the derived model to compatible data acquired from another cohort of elite athletes demonstrated very good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.772) and calibration (within 8 subgroups: r = 0.849, P = .008). Conclusions Asymmetry in whole-body reactive movement capabilities may be a manifestation of a subtle abnormality in the functional connectivity of brain networks that might be relevant to previously reported associations between sport-related concussion history and musculoskeletal injury occurrence.
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Gómez-Carmona, Carlos D., Sebastián Feu, José Pino-Ortega, and Sergio J. Ibáñez. "Assessment of the Multi-Location External Workload Profile in the Most Common Movements in Basketball." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 3441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103441.
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The present study analyzed the multi-location external workload profile in basketball players using a previously validated test battery and compared the demands among anatomical locations. A basketball team comprising 13 semi-professional male players was evaluated in five tests (abilities/skills/tests): (a) aerobic, linear movement, 30-15 IFT; (b) lactic anaerobic, acceleration and deceleration, 16.25 m RSA (c) alactic anaerobic, curvilinear movement, 6.75 m arc (d) elastic, jump, Abalakov test (e) physical-conditioning, small-sided game, 10’ 3 vs.3 10 × 15 m. PlayerLoadRT was evaluated at six anatomical locations simultaneously (interscapular line, lumbar region, knees and ankles) by six WIMU PROTM inertial devices attached to the player using an ad hoc integral suit. Statistical analysis was composed of an ANOVA of repeated measures and partial eta squared effect sizes. Significant differences among anatomical locations were found in all tests with higher values in the location nearer to ground contact (p < 0.01). However, differences between lower limb locations were only found in curvilinear movements, with a higher workload in the outside leg (p < 0.01). Additionally, high between-subject variability was found in team players, especially at lower limb locations. In conclusion, multi-location evaluation in sports movements will make it possible to establish an individual external workload profile and design specific strategies for training and injury prevention programs.
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Malmborg, Julia S., M. Charlotte Olsson, Stefan Bergman, and Ann Bremander. "Musculoskeletal pain and its association with maturity and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (July 2018): e000395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000395.
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ObjectivesIn youth sports, musculoskeletal pain is often studied from the standpoint of sports injuries, but little is known about pain conditions in which athletes still participate. The aim was to study the frequency of pain and associations with maturity offset, health status and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students.MethodsCross-sectional design. One hundred and seventy-eight students (108 boys and 70 girls) completed anthropometric measures for maturity offset (height, weight and sitting height), questionnaires (pain mannequin and EQ-5D for health status) and sports performance tests (sprint, agility, counter-movement jump and grip strength). Differences between groups were analysed with Student’s t-test and analysis of covariance.ResultsThirty-one students (18.6%) reported infrequent pain, 85 (50.9%) frequent pain and 51 (30.5%) constant pain. Students in the constant pain group had worse health status than those in the infrequent pain group. Boys with constant pain (n=27) had a lower mean maturity offset (–0.38 vs 0.07 years; p=0.03) than boys with infrequent pain (n=22), and pain was associated with worse sports performance. There was no difference in maturity or sports performance between girls with constant pain (n=24) and girls with infrequent pain (n=9).ConclusionMusculoskeletal pain is common in sport school students and coincides with worse health status and with a younger biological age in boys. The high prevalence of pain should be acknowledged by coaches and student healthcare workers in order to promote a healthy and sustainable development in young athletes.
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Klepser, Anke, and Simone Morlock. "4D Scanning - Dynamic View on Body Measurements." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 1, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2020.1.p30-38.
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Fitting test in movement are an important issue not only in work and sports wear since garment should not restrict the range of motion. Therefore, dynamic anthropometry is a major research topic. Until now, only static position could be captured. Still, it is not known how body geometry changes in dynamic movement. In IGF project “Mobilityrestrictions” photogrammetry scanner “Little Alice” was investigated regarding 4D. It enables serial recording in seconds. The aim of the research project was beside other to identify differences between static and dynamic body measurements.
Scanner “Little Alice” has never been utilized for body form analysis. Therefore, a basic research was performed. Several parameters were examined by iterative tests before scan procedure was defined. Three work or sport related movements were defined and compared to standard position: Biceps curl, leg flex and squat. The changes in scan surface were investigated by a three-step analysis: body measurements, cross sections and a 3D analysis. Scan procedure was performed by six test subjects German sizes 50 and 58, age group 25 – 55 years.
The results show that photogrammetry can be utilized to investigate body geometry changes due to movement. Body surface deviations have been investigated. Thus, not in all cases there were differences between static and dynamic scans. Yet, body geometry alters. 4D scanning enables comprehensive analysis of body geometry changes due to movement. Body measurement and surface alterations can be visualized and quantified. Scans of motions may be used to validate 3D simulation avatars.
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Nekooei, Pooya, Tengku-Fadilah T.K, Saidon Amri, Roselan Bin Baki, Sara Majlesi, and Paria Nekouei. "Anatomical Shoulder Movement Strength Imbalance Among Water Polo Overhead Athletes." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.2p.15.
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Background: The game of water polo has become more familiar to all the athletes and coaches as the time has passed. It has been played as a sport for more than a century Although anatomical shoulder movement strength balance is a crucial factor in overhead throwers’ performance, it has not been studied extensively in the previous research. Objective: This study examined shoulder movement imbalance in bilateral and dominant anterior-posterior shoulder among 42 elite water polo players in Malaysia. Method: The t-test analyses of data obtained through several tests proved that water polo players had statistically significant difference between their right hand anatomical shoulder movement strength and their left hand anatomical shoulder movement strength in all eight shoulder movements, i.e. Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Horizontal Adduction, Horizontal Abduction, Rotation and External Rotation. Results: The results of this study showed that there are significant differences of anatomical shoulder movement strength in both bilateral and Anterior-posterior shoulder movement among water polo players. The statistics results for bilateral shoulder movement of Flexion (t= 136.09 and p<.001), Extension (t= 110.92 and p<.001), Abduction (t= 121.89 and p<.001), Adduction (t= 101.47 and p<.001), Horizontal Adduction (t= 92.3 and p<.001), Horizontal Abduction (t= 95.6 and p<.001), Internal rotations (t= 109.6 and p<.001) and External rotations (t= 102.18 and p<.001) showed the p-value to be less than 0.05 for all variables of the test. The result of paired samples t-test showed there is a statistically significant difference between the mean of bilateral anatomical shoulder movement strength among water polo players. Conclusion: These findings suggest that coaches and players should take into account the shoulder movement strength imbalance in their trainings and design specific training programs to improve overhead throwers’ shoulder movement strength balance and hence their throwing performance in sports such as water polo.
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Aasa, Björn, Lena Lundström, Daniel Papacosta, Jonas Sandlund, and Ulrika Aasa. "Do we see the same movement impairments? The inter-rater reliability of movement tests for experienced and novice physiotherapists." European Journal of Physiotherapy 16, no. 3 (June 4, 2014): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/21679169.2014.917435.
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Hainc Scheller, Christoph, Matthias Keller, and Eduard Kurz. "Risiko-Screening im Handballsport – Welche funktionellen Tests sind sinnvoll?" Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 32, no. 03 (August 2018): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0624-4221.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Ein Weg zur optimierten Verletzungsprophylaxe ist der Einsatz funktioneller Testbatterien im Sport. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse können korrigierende Übungen empfohlen werden, mit dem Ziel die Defizite zu beheben. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Ergebnisse ausgewählter funktioneller Tests mit dem Auftreten von Verletzungen bei jugendlichen Handballspielern zu vergleichen. Material und Methoden An dieser Studie nahmen 31 Spieler aus den Nachwuchsmannschaften eines Handballbundesligisten teil. Vor Beginn der Rückrunde absolvierten alle Spieler den Functional-Movement-Screen, Y-Balance-Test, Front-Hop-Test, Side-Hop-Test und Square-Hop-Test. Alle Verletzungen, die nach der Testung aufgetreten sind, wurden bis zum Abschluss der Saison dokumentiert. Ergebnisse Innerhalb des Untersuchungszeitraums wurden 4 Nicht-Kontakt-Verletzungen und 4 Kontakt-Verletzungen registriert. Spieler, die eine Nicht-Kontakt-Verletzung erlitten haben, zeigten im Side-Hop-Test eine Seitensymmetrie von 78 % (Unverletzte und Kontakt-Verletzungen > 85 %) und im Y-Balance-Test einen Composite-Score von 87 % (Unverletzte und Kontakt-Verletzungen > 90 %). Für den Functional-Movement-Screen, die Front- und Square-Hop-Tests konnten keine deutlichen Unterschiede zwischen verletzten und unverletzten Spielern festgestellt werden. Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weisen darauf hin, dass innerhalb von Funktionsuntersuchungen im Handball neben Low-Threshold-Tests auch Testverfahren aus dem High-Threshold-Bereich angewendet werden sollten. Besonders geeignet für Handballsportler scheinen nach den Erfahrungen dieser Untersuchung der Y-Balance-Test und der Side-Hop-Test zu sein.
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Ghafouri, Abbas, Fariba Mohammadi, and Behnaz Ganji. "Relationship Between Selected Performance Tests and Non-contact Sports Injuries in Male Wushu Players." Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ptj.10.4.459.1.
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Purpose: Several tests have been proposed as injury predictor inventories in various sports; however, it is important to recognize which test is more appropriate to predict the injuries of a particular sport. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between selected functional tests and lower limb injuries in elite male wushu athletes. Methods: In total, 40 wushu player were recruited from the national league (Mean±SD age: 25.1±4.9 y, weight: 67.3±7.7 kg, height: 175.3±4.7 cm). Functional Movement Screening (FMS), Tuck jump, single and double leg squats, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and Stork balance tests were performed in this research. All of the study variables were measured before the national competition, and after the competition, the rate of the injuries were assessed. The correlation between them was evaluated, subsequently. Descriptive data were used to describe the collected results. Besides, multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the study variables. Results: Multivariate linear regression analysis data suggested that LESS, stroke balance test, single-leg squat, and SEBT failed to predict lower extremities injuries; however, Tuck jump, FMS, and double leg squat could predict lower extremities injuries. Conclusion: Based on the collected results, among the studied tests, trainers and researchers are suggested to employ the Tuck jump, FMS, and double leg squat tests to predict injuries in wushu male players; this test can also be used to prevent injuries in players.
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Wilczyński, Bartosz, Jakub Hinca, Daniel Ślęzak, and Katarzyna Zorena. "The Relationship between Dynamic Balance and Jumping Tests among Adolescent Amateur Rugby Players. A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010312.
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Rugby is a demanding contact sport. In light of research, poor balance, reduced jumping ability, muscle strength, and incorrect landing patterns might contribute to the increased risk of injury in athletes. Investigating the relationship between tests assessing these abilities might not only allow for the skillful programming of preventive training but also helps in assessing the risk of injury to athletes. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dynamic balance, vertical and horizontal jumps, and jump-landings movement patterns. Thirty-one healthy amateur adolescent rugby players (age: 14.3 ± 1.6 years, height 171.4 ± 9.7 cm, body mass 80 ± 26 kg) participated in the study. Data were collected by the Y-balance Test (YBT), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Single Leg Hop for Distance (SLHD), and Landing Error Score System (LESS). Significant positive correlations were found between SLHD both legs (SLHDb) and YBT Composite both legs (COMb) (r = 0.51, p = 0.0037) and between SLHDb and CMJ (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001). A relationship was also observed between the CMJ and YBT COMb test (r = 0.51, p = 0.006). Moderate positive correlations were found between the dominant legs in SLHD and the posterolateral (r = 0.40, p = 0.027), posteromedial (r = 0.43, p = 0.014), and composite (r = 0.48, p = 0.006) directions of the YBT. These results indicate that variables that are dependent on each other can support in the assessment of injury-risk and in enhancing sports performance of young athletes.
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Johne, Monika. "The impact of fencing training symmetrisation on simple reaction time." Biomedical Human Kinetics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0028.
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Abstract Study aim: The symmetrisation of movements can be a way to develop individual coordinative skills, and to prevent the occur-rence of injuries. For this reason, in this study an attempt was made to evaluate and compare simple reaction time and movement time for épée fencers of different sports classes, and to determine the impact that three years of symmetrisation training and unilateral training have on the speed of reaction components and on dynamical asymmetry. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 60 women épée fencers of different sports classes, and it was repeated in two groups after three years of unilateral and symmetrisation training. Simple reaction time and movement time for the dominant and the non-dominant hand were analysed using Vienna Test System. Results: Women épée fencers of high sports class were characterised by a significantly faster reaction time than their less experienced colleagues. In tests conducted after three years of symmetrisation training, athletes from the experimental group achieved also much better results in reaction time (RT) than those from the control group training with the unilateral method. Conclusions: Long-time unilateral training of master class women épée fencers led to dynamical asymmetry, which in the future could cause injuries and have a negative impact on the development of selected motor skills. Symmetrical training conducted in the experimental group had a positive impact on reaction time indicators as well as on movement time indicators, and it prevented the occurrence of dynamical asymmetry in the tested competitors. Thus, it can be inferred that symmetrical exercises will have a positive impact on training effectiveness and on versatility of athletes.
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Grădinaru, Silvia. "Educating the sense of rhythm in primary education students." Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal 8, no. 15 (December 1, 2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tperj-2015-0014.
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Abstract Background: Rhythm as a core element of complex coordination is the key to efficient moulding of motor skills specific to sports activities in curricula. Practicing physical exercise in a varied rhythm and tempo in primary school students moulds the skill of achieving correct movement basics (direction, span, coordination, and expressivity). The use of music in sports classes improves kinetics and vestibular sensitivity. The sense of rhythm and tempo are imperative criteria in vocational schools. Purpose: This paper aims to describe a pattern of means selected to develop the sense of rhythm and to allow movements in different sports branches with increased efficiency. Methods: The test battery was applied on a sample of 15 students from the 4th grade of the “Ion Vidu” National Arts College in Timisoara, Romania, aged 9-10 years, over an entire school year, using different rhythms and tempos during sports classes, which were later used in gymnastics, athletic events, and basketball. Results: Data recorded after the application tests, processed and interpreted confirms the proposed assumption and validates the motor contents used. Conclusions: Sense of rhythm is a component of coordinative capacity that is required to be educated from an early age. Rhythmic movements are easier to automate saving energy and motivating students to an active and conscious participation.
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Cervantes Hernández, Natanael, Liliana Aracely Enríquez del Castillo, Luis Alberto Flores Olivares, Ramón Candia Luján, and Susana Domínguez Esparza. "Integrative flexibility training to improve joint mobility and range of movement in jazz dancing girls." Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity 7, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2021.7.3.8572.
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Flexibility is one of the physical capacities associated with improved performance in jazz dancers girls. However, jazz training being a complex physical activity is not only based on flexibility training, it also focuses on the development of motor skills, technique, posture, and rhythm. Therefore, it is important to demonstrate whether a passive stretching training, with minimum frequency, generates favorable results on flexibility. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of flexibility training on active and passive range of motion (ROM), as well as joint mobility in girls jazz dancers by chronological caracterizar la muestra age group. 30 jazz dancers with an average age of 8.5 ± 1.6 years with no more than four years practicing professional sports practice, enrolled in an integrative flexibility training program developed once a week for 12 weeks, and were assessed for active and passive hip joint mobility through goniometry in conjunction with six flexibility tests. There was an increase in all flexibility variables with a moderate size-effect, except for the joint ROM in active and passive left abduction and active right flexion, which had a high effect. In conclusion, training focused on static exercises can be considered an effective strategy to develop ROM, because it's possible to increase flexibility and stretch in lower extremities with a frequency of once a week in jazz dancing girls.
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Makki, Rezvaneh, Maryam Abdoshahi, and Saeed Ghorbani. "Effects of self-controlled knowledge of performance on motor learning and self-efficacy: A kinematic study." Biomedical Human Kinetics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0023.
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Abstract Study aim: To evaluate the effects of providing the learners with self-controlled knowledge of performance (KP) on motor learning and self-efficacy (SE) in a dart-throwing motor task. Material and methods: The participants were thirty female university students who were divided into two groups including self-control and yoked groups. Participants performed five blocks of five trials in the acquisition phase, and retention and transfer tests of 10 trials one day later. Intra-limb coordination patterns (movement pattern), throwing scores, and SE (both movement pattern and movement outcome) were measured as dependent variables. Independent t test and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used as statistical tests. Results: The self-controlled group performed significantly better than yoked group on movement pattern during the acquisition phase (F1,28 = 24.239, p = 0.001) and the retention test (t28 = –3.074, p = 0.007). However, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of throwing scores and SE during the acquisition, retention, and transfer phases (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Providing self-controlled KP can improve learning of movement pattern in the novices but do not necessary increase movement outcome or SE.
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Andreato, Leonardo V., Jonatas FS Santos, João VDC Esteves, Valeria LG Panissa, Ursula F. Julio, and Emerson Franchini. "Physiological, Nutritional and Performance Profiles of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes." Journal of Human Kinetics 53, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0029.
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AbstractThis study analysed the physiological, nutritional and performance profiles of athletes practicing Brazilian jiu-jitsu. To this end, 15 athletes that practiced Brazilian jiu-jitsu (aged: 28 ± 5 years; 8 brown belts and 7 black belts; training experience: 11 ± 4 years) underwent anthropometric measurements (body composition and somatotype), dietary evaluation (24 h recall) and physical fitness tests (movement time, dynamometer handgrip, kimono grip strength, vertical jump and sit-and-reach tests). The athletes had 12.7 ± 4.8% of body fat, 59.2 ± 5.0% of muscle mass and their somatotype was dominated by the mesomorphic component (5.3 ± 2.0), followed by endomorphic (3.7 ± 1.5) and ectomorphic (1.4 ± 0.9) components. Nutritional assessment suggested a diet consisting of 54 ± 7% of carbohydrates, 19 ± 4% of protein and 27 ± 6% of lipids. Movement time on the handgrip tests was 0.42 ± 0.05 s, for handgrip strength, 53 ± 7 kgf was found for the dominant hand and 50 ± 9 kgf for the non-dominant hand. For the countermovement jump, the jiu-jitsu athletes reached 41 ± 5 cm. Athletes remained 30 ± 14 s in the maximum static suspension test gripping a kimono, and reached 27 ± 8 cm in the sit-and-reach test. Overall the sample presented average levels of body fat, elevated muscle mass and a predominantly mesomorphic somatotype. Diet was generally poor, with low carbohydrate intake, high protein intake and adequate lipid intake. Maximum isometric handgrip strength was consistent with observations of other athletes in this sport discipline. However, the performance in the maximum static suspension test gripping a kimono was lower than in other Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes. Movement time was comparable and lower body muscle power was worse compared to athletes in similar sports. Additionally, flexibility was rated as poor.
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Franchini, Emerson, and Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela. "Developing flexibility for combat sports athletes." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 16, no. 1s (March 23, 2021): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v16i1s.7005.
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The range of motion of a joint is extremely important in combat sports, especially when there is a need to execute a certain motor gesture with maximum range of movement, as in throwing techniques such as uchi-mata in judo, certain types of guards in Brazilian jiu-jitsu or the high kicks common in a variety of striking combat sports. Therefore, in this chapter, we will discuss the elements related to flexibility response during training sessions or combat sports competitions, flexibility tests commonly used for these athletes, and the monitoring and control of the evolution of flexibility in athletes. We will also present the means and methods used for the development of flexibility and longitudinal studies on the development of flexibility in combat sports athletes. Finally, this chapter supports based on the evidence the inclusion of flexibility development within training sessions is an important consideration to maximize performance and other physical capabilities that may be affected both acutely or in the long-term by flexibility.
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Firdaus, Kamal. "The Effect of Weight Training with Fast and Slow Rhythm Movement towards Strength Enhancement." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2015): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v8i2.3737.
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Kamal Firdaus, 2012. The Effect of Weight Training with Fast and Slow Rhythm Movement towards Strength Enhancement. Strength is the most important physical conditions in doing various activities, either daily activities or sports activities. One can not do much when there is no power. In the world of sports, generally the elements of power play a fairly important. In addition for those those truly need a power such as heavy weight, wrestling, boxing and other sports branches. The achievements competitiveness in sports happens because there are so many prizes and bonuses which are promised when somebody becomes a champion, it makes people strive to improve their performance in many ways in terms of strength. One of the efforts is from physical exercises. Physical exercise to increase strength is by lifting weights. The impact of other forms of weight training can be done to increase the strength. In this research, the writer would only look at the effect of weight training with a fast beat and slow rhythm towards the rate of strength enhancement. As for those who tried to be included in the study were derived from the population of boys grade I and II of SMA Negeri 3 Padang. From the total of the population, the writer randomized as many as 40 people as a sample. After these two groups underwent the initial tests, then the writer tried to divide them into 2 groups again, with each group consisting of 20 people. Before the treatment was conducted, some boys were given out the trial tests. This initial test was conducted to determine the level of initial strength owned by sample and tried to divide people into two homogeneous groups. After the sample had done the initial tests and had been divided into two groups, then for group I was given the weight training treatment with fast rhythm, while the second group was given the treatment of weight training with a slow rhythm. Treatment was given for 2 months with the practice intensity was 3 times per week. After the sample tried to complete their training program, then do another test (final test). This second test functions to see how much the influence of the treatment given by the trainer comparing to the results of preliminary tests. From the data analysis, it can be seen that;
Weight training with fast rhythm movement can enhance the strength significantly . It is based on P <0.05 or value tO> from t table.
Weight training with slow motion rhythm can enhance the strength significantly It is based on P <0.05 or value tO> of the t table.
There were no differences in strength enhancement by conducting the treatment of weight training with fast rhythm and slow rhythm. It is proved that P> 0.05 or value tO < of t table.
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Koźlenia, Dawid, and Jarosław Domaradzki. "Effects of Combination Movement Patterns Quality and Physical Performance on Injuries in Young Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115536.
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Identifying the factors associated with the injuries is crucial to prevention, enabling apply effective methods to reduce injuries frequency. This is especially important for young athletes for whom an injury may impair development or prematurely end a sports career. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine if the movement patterns quality and physical performance simultaneously affected injury occurrence in young athletes. The participants were 176 athletes aged 22.44 ± 1.64. The injury data were collected from the 12 months retrospective period. The functional movement screen test was conducted to assess the quality of movement patterns, and the physical performance tests were done for assessing strength, power, flexibility, and balance. Results showed relationships between movement patterns quality and flexibility with injuries. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated growing injury frequency for 14 ≥ FMS and 21 cm ≥ Sit-and-reach test. Rank Transform ANOVA revealed a simultaneous effect of movement quality (F = 11.5361; p = 0.0008) and flexibility (F = 8.0514; p = 0.0050) on an injury. Post-hoc tests indicated that the group with low-quality movement patterns combined with a low level of flexibility is the most frequently injured (p < 0.05). It is recommended to include in training, routine exercises improving movement patterns and flexibility to prevent injuries.
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Stuyvenberg, Corri, and Stacey C. Dusing. "Commentary on “Relationships Among 3 Movement Analysis Tests in Preterm Infants”." Pediatric Physical Therapy 31, no. 3 (July 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000000615.
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Young, Douglas E., Doris Trachtman, Irving S. Scher, and Richard A. Schmidt. "High School and College Baseball Pitchers' Response and Glove Movements to Line Drives." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 22, no. 1 (February 2006): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.22.1.25.
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The timing of glove movements used by baseball pitchers to catch fast approaching balls (i.e., line drives) was examined in two tests to determine the responses and temporal characteristics of glove movements in high school and college baseball pitchers. Balls were projected toward the head of participants at 34.8 m·s–1 (78 mph) on average in an indoor test and at speeds approaching 58.1 m·s–1 (130 mph) in a field test. Pitchers caught over 80% and 15% of the projected balls in the indoor and field tests, respectively. Analyses of glove responses indicated that all pitchers could track the line drives and produce coordinated glove movements, which were initiated 160 ms (± 47.8), on average, after the ball was launched. College pitchers made initial glove movements sooner than high school pitchers in the field test (p = 0.012). In contrast, average glove velocity for pitchers increased from 1.33 (± 0.61) to 3.45 (± 0.86) m·s–1 across the tests, but did not differ between experience levels. Glove movement initiation and speed were unrelated, and pitchers utilized visual information throughout the ball's flight to catch balls that approached at speeds exceeding the estimated speeds in competitive situations.
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Glass, Stephen M., Randy J. Schmitz, Christopher K. Rhea, and Scott E. Ross. "Potential Mediators of Load-Related Decreases in Movement Quality in Young, Healthy Adults." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-498-16.
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Context Predicting and promoting physical performance are important goals within the tactical professional community. Movement screens are frequently used in this capacity but are poor predictors of performance outcomes. It has recently been shown that prediction improved when movement quality was evaluated under load, but the mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear. Because balance, range of motion, and strength are mutually relevant to physical performance and movement quality, these attributes may mediate load-related decreases in movement quality and account for the resulting increase in performance prediction. Objective To quantify the roles of balance, range of motion, and strength in mediating load-related decreases in clinical movement-screen scores. Design Crossover study. Setting Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty-five male (age = 23.96 ± 3.74 years, height = 178.82 ± 7.51 cm, mass = 79.66 ± 12.66 kg) and 25 female (age = 22.00 ± 2.02 years, height = 165.40 ± 10.24 cm, mass = 63.98 ± 11.07 kg) recreationally active adults. Intervention(s) Participants completed a clinical movement screen under a control condition and while wearing an 18.10-kg weighted vest as well as tests of balance, range of motion, and strength. Main Outcome Measure(s) Item score differences were assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests for matched pairs. Interactions between (1) balance, range of motion, and strength and (2) load condition were modeled using penalized varying-coefficients regression with item scores as the dependent measure. Results Except for the hurdle step, item scores were lower in the weighted-vest than in the control condition for all tests (P < .05). Except for rotary stability, F statistics were significant for all models (P values < .05, R2 values = 0.22–0.77). Main effects of balance, range of motion, and strength on Functional Movement Screen scores were observed (P < .05); however, little evidence was found to suggest that these attributes mediated load-related decreases in Functional Movement Screen item scores. Conclusions Balance, range of motion, and strength affected movement quality but did not mediate the effect of the load treatment.
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Jerzy, Sadowski, WoŁosz Paweł, Zieliński Janusz, Niźnikowski Tomasz, and Buszta Mariusz. "Structure of Coordination Motor Abilities in Male Basketball Players at Different Levels of Competition." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 21, no. 4 (March 1, 2015): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2015-0004.
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Abstract Introduction. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the structure of coordination motor abilities (CMA) in male basketball players at different levels of competition. Material and methods. The study included 183 male basketball players from 10 Polish sports clubs. The examined groups consisted of seniors (n=42) aged 24.5 (± 3.3), juniors (n=37) aged 16.8 (± 0.6), cadets (n=54) aged 14.5 (± 0.1) and children (n=50) aged 13.4 (± 0.2). A battery of motor tests was administered to assess the following CMA: kinesthetic differentiation of movements, spatio-temporal orientation, reaction time, movement coupling, sense of balance, sense of rhythm and adjustment of movements. The structure of CMA under investigation was determined based on the results of Hotelling's principal component analysis in Tucker's modification, completed with Kaiser's Varimax rotation [1, 2]. Results. The CMA structure of basketball players was composed of three or four factors. Most often these included rhythm, movement differentiation, movement coupling and adjustment of movements. Less frequently the structure consisted of spatio-temporal orientation, balance and reaction time. An in-depth analysis of the CMA structure revealed that factors ranged from heterogeneous (children and cadets) to homogeneous ones (juniors and seniors). The distribution of identified factors in the common variance was the smallest in children and cadets (58.9% and 62.9%, respectively) and the biggest in juniors and seniors (69.3% and 68.48%, respectively).
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Linek, Pawel, Nadine Booysen, Damian Sikora, and Maria Stokes. "Functional movement screen and Y balance tests in adolescent footballers with hip/groin symptoms." Physical Therapy in Sport 39 (September 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.07.002.
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Nedeljkovic, Aleksandar, Dragan M. Mirkov, Srdjan Markovic, and Slobodan Jaric. "Tests of Muscle Power Output Assess Rapid Movement Performance When Normalized for Body Size." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23, no. 5 (August 2009): 1593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a9ebce.
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He, Xiao Wen, Guang Quan Xu, and Qing Qing Li. "Evaporation Conditions-Fly Ash Soil Filling with Water Movement of Air Bag Structure Experimental Research." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2349.
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The movement of aeration zone water is an important part of water cycle in natural. It promotes the precipitation, hydraulic contact of surface water and groundwater. But the change of the structure of vadose zone produce certain effect to its moisture movement, especially on reclaimed land is concerned, moisture in the air bag filling structure with sports have new features. This article through the indoor one dimensional vertical cylindrical tests, and the evaporation conditions with fly ash material 2 structure with water bag gas distribution, probes into the air bag with different profile of the moisture variation characteristics, analyzed the water movement, the mechanism of coal mine reclamation area for the field test, provides the basis.
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Gierczuk, Dariusz, and Zbigniew Bujak. "Reliability and Accuracy of Batak Lite Tests Used for Assessing Coordination Motor Abilities in Wrestlers." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 21, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2014-0007.
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Abstract Introduction. The aim of this work was to assess selected validity criteria of motor tasks included in Batak Lite. The tasks are used to control coordination motor abilities in athletes of different sports. Material and methods. Twenty male Greco-Roman wrestlers from the sports school SMS in Radom were included in the study. They were 17-18 years of age and their training experience was 4-7.5 years long. The validity of motor tasks was determined on the basis of two criteria, i.e. reliability and diagnostic accuracy. To define the reliability of the tests, the research was carried out twice with an interval of 5-7-days (test-retest). Diagnostic accuracy of selected indices was determined with the help of three main criteria. The analysis included 6 motor tasks performed with the use of Batak Lite. Results. Tests I, II, IV and V are characterised by reliability coefficients higher than 0.50 and, regardless of the assumed accuracy criterion, by coefficients higher than 0.30. Thus, they meet the validity requirements within the assessed criteria. The highest accuracy coefficients were observed in motor tests assessing quick reaction (r = 0.46-0.63), simple reaction including sensory (r = 0.61-0.78), motor (r = 0.33-0.46) and complex (r = 0.34-0.49) reactions as well as spatio-temporal orientation (r = 0.33-0.49) and movement coupling (r = 0.34-0.49). Conclusions. Four Batak Lite tests displayed sufficient reliability and diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, they can be implemented in the training process of wrestlers. The strongest correlation was noted between Batak Lite tests and motor tests that assessed quick reaction, spatio-temporal orientation and movement coupling.
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Wu, Hua, Wichai Eungpinichpong, Hui Ruan, Xinding Zhang, and Xiujuan Dong. "Relationship between motor fitness, fundamental movement skills, and quality of movement patterns in primary school children." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): e0237760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237760.
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Seefeldt`s classic motor development pyramid model recognizes the significance of fundamental movement skills (FMS) in physical activities and proposes a “proficiency barrier” between FMS and higher-level specific sports skills during middle childhood. However, the relationship between the layers of the conceptual model has not been empirically tested. This study investigated motor fitness (MF), FMS, and quality of movement patterns (QMP) in 7–10 years old children and evaluated the relationships among them. A total of 117 children were randomly selected to take tests of MF, the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), and the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™). MF and FMS levels were classified according to percentile ranges. Two multiple (R×C) Chi-Square tests were applied to analyze the relationships between MF, FMS, and QMP. Post-hoc testing estimated the possibility of FMS and QMP to predict MF. The results showed that boys scored significantly higher on the object-control subtest and on the TGMD-2 compared to girls (p<0.001), while girls scored significantly higher on the FMS™ (p = 0.001). FMS score and QMP level were weakly correlated with MF (FMS: χ2 = 14.605, p = 0.006, Cramer`s V = 0.25; QMP: χ2 = 13.943, p = 0.007, Cramer`s V = 0.24). Thus, 60.5% of children with “excellent” FMS and 59.6% with “high” QMP were categorized as having a “good” MF. In contrast, only 23.1% of children with “poor” FMS and 24.3% with “low” QMP were classified as having a “good” MF. Our results confirm MF, FMS, and QMP are correlated with each other, although this relationship is weak. Further, a possible motor skill proficiency barrier exists already in children 7–10 years old. The study results support the promotion of physical activity and motor skill development in primary school children.
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Yan, Jin H. "Tai Chi Practice Improves Senior Citizens’ Balance and Arm Movement Control." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 6, no. 3 (July 1998): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.6.3.271.
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Empirical evidence from this study supports the hypothesis that Tai Chi practice can improve senior citizens’ dynamic balance control and rapid-aiming arm movement performance. Of 38 senior citizens, 28 (M = 78.8 years. SD = 2.1) chose to practice the 24-form simplified Tai Chi. The remaining 10 seniors (M = 79.2 years. SD = 1.9) selected a locomotor activity (walking or jogging). Dynamic balance tests and ballistic-aiming arm movements were conducted for all participants at the beginning, middle (4th week), and end of the 8-week exercise program. The Tai Chi participants improved their time on balance more than did their counterparts who performed locomotor activities. In addition, Tai Chi practice improved arm movement smoothness to a greater extent than the locomotor activities. However, no changes in arm movement speed were observed in either group. The results suggest that Tai Chi practice may help senior citizens improve dynamic balance control and gain smoothness in rapid-aiming arm movements.