Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sports inclusion

Academic literature on the topic 'Sports inclusion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sports inclusion"

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Reina, Raúl. "Inclusión en deporte adaptado: dos caras de una misma moneda." Psychology, Society, & Education 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v6i1.508.

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Resumen: El presente ensayo pretende mostrar al lector los procesos inclusivos que en la actualidad se están dando en el ámbito del deporte adaptado. En una primera instancia, se aborda el concepto de inclusión, exponiendo las bases filosóficas y prácticas (incluso algunas legislativas) que sustentan la misma, ubicándolo en un modelo actual de consideración del usuario de actividades físicas y deportivas como ente que interactúa con las condiciones de práctica y los elementos que facilitan o dificultan la misma. En un segundo término, se aborda el proceso actual de inclusión para con las organizaciones de deporte adaptado, exponiendo algunas de las controversias derivadas de dicho proceso, especialmente en lo que se refiere a las clasificaciones funcionales, que perpetúan el discurso de las necesidades especiales. Finalizaremos con una propuesta de continuo de inclusión que matiza las posibilidades de práctica inclusiva y específica, pudiendo dar una respuesta más rica y variada a las necesidades del individuo; más allá de las dos caras opuestas de una misma moneda. Inclusion in adapted sport: two sides of the same coin Abstract: This paper shows current inclusionprocesses in adapted sports. First, some aspects about inclusion are discussed from philosophical and practice perspectives, and its relationship with a functional and health-related model related physical activity and sport activities where client interacts with the personal and environment factors (facilitators and barriers). Second, current inclusion process in sport organizations is explained, exposing some of the disputes arising from this process, especially in regard to functional classifications and its relation with the special needs discourse. Finally, we propose a continuum for inclusion in physical activity and sports, from specific to full inclusion that offers more opportunities and ways of practice; more than two faces of the same coin.
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Said, Balhadj, and Benreghai Mohamed Amine. "Sport ecosystem and territorial development: essay to elaborate a theoretical model of youth social inclusion through sport in Morocco." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 4 (August 26, 2022): 5577–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n4-120.

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The overall objective of this paper is the conceptualization of sport as a territorial ecosystem, clearly defining the roles and participation modalities of the different actors and stakeholders. The intention is to guarantee a consolidated social inclusion and a socio-professional integration creating sustainable territorial development through sport. In this perspective, the sport ecosystem represents a precious asset for research. Sport can represent a good factor for the inclusion of socially disadvantaged groups, especially young people, and can be a truly powerful educational tool in promoting social inclusion and professional integration. In this logic, this paper aims to find a new, innovative way to explain different elements of sport and social inclusion and improve youth proactivity. The topic is important, because of the problem of increasing number of young people that have problem of social exclusion, less physical activity and unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore trough the conception of a territorial sport ecosystem it is possible to act preventively on a "disease" that after installed can become incurable. This paper first presents the theory and concepts related to territorial sport ecosystem and social inclusion before providing case studies that demonstrate the theories in sports contexts. The purpose is to offering insights to propose - thanks to a rigorous theoretical and empirical study - a model of territorial development through the creation of a sports ecosystem, and understand how well the sports logic can coexist with the social inclusive logic.
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Wheaton, Belinda, and Holly Thorpe. "Action Sport Media Consumption Trends Across Generations: Exploring the Olympic Audience and the Impact of Action Sports Inclusion." Communication & Sport 7, no. 4 (July 5, 2018): 415–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479518780410.

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The ageing demographics of Olympic viewers is a key concern for the International Olympic Committee. The inclusion of action sports into the Olympic programmes has been a key strategy to try and connect with youth consumers, most recently through the inclusion of skateboarding, surfing, and sport climbing into the Tokyo 2020 summer games. Drawing on a questionnaire distributed online in nine languages, and contextualized with analysis of the action sport media, our research explores international and multigenerational action sport consumers’ sport viewing preferences and attitudes to the Olympic inclusion of action sports. Our findings suggest that action sport participants across different countries, ages, and genders are avid consumers of action sport media but also keen consumers of the Olympics. The majority of survey participants were enthusiastic about the inclusion of action sports (and particularly skateboarding) into the Olympic Games, although there were important trends across nationalities and ages. Nonetheless, reflecting debates in the subcultural media, participants also have concerns about the processes and politics of action sports inclusion. Action sports may well provide the International Olympic Committee with new lucrative markets, but to maximise the engagement of complex intergenerational audiences, their viewing preferences will need continued attention and understanding.
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Paciorek, Michael J. "Inclusion through Sports: A Guide to Enhancing Sport Experiences." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 20, no. 1 (January 2003): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.20.1.93.

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Ocete Calvo, Carmen, Javier Pérez Tejero, and Javier Coterón López. "Propuesta de un programa de intervención educativa para facilitar la inclusión de alumnos con discapacidad en educación física (Propose of an educative intervention program for inclusion of children with disability in general physical education)." Retos, no. 27 (March 5, 2015): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i27.34366.

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En este trabajo se presenta el diseño y estructura de un programa de intervención educativa en Educación Física: «Deporte Inclusivo en la Escuela». La propuesta, destinada a profesores y alumnos de Secundaria y Bachillerato, persigue promover la práctica deportiva inclusiva en los centros educativos, dando a conocer los diferentes deportes paralímpicos, para concienciar sobre la situación de las personas con discapa­cidad en la práctica deportiva. El diseño está basado en las teorías del Contacto y del Comportamiento Planificado, ambas evidenciadas como eficaces para la formación de actitudes. La estructura que conforma el programa está compuesta por una serie de actividades y recursos didácticos como una charla de un deportista paralímpico, tres unidades didácticas (una por ciclo), material audiovisual de apoyo y un encuentro deportivo inclusivo con todos los centros participantes en el programa. Una de las características más relevantes de la propuesta es el uso de una metodología de carácter inclusivo, ya sea incluyendo a los alumnos con discapacidad presentes en los centros, o simulando la situación de discapacidad los alumnos que no la poseen. La exposición teórica se apoya en datos de la implementación llevada a cabo hasta el momento en 38 centros educativos de Madrid y Barcelona.Palabras clave. actitud, inclusión, discapacidad, Educación Física, programa intervención, deporte inclusivo.Abstract. In this paper, it´s presented the design and structure of an educational intervention program in Physical Education: «Inclusive School Sports (ISS)». It´s propose for teachers and middle and high school students, aims promote inclusive sports in schools and different Paralympics sports through an inclusive methodology and raising awareness about the situation of people with disability in sport practice. The design is based on the contact and of planned behavior theories, both are evidenced as effective in attitudes training. The structure program is composed of a series of activities and educational resources such as a talk by a Paralympics sportiest, three teaching units (one per cycle) and inclusive sporting event with all participants in the program centers. The newest program is the methodology propose by inclusive perspective, so including students with disabilities present in the centers, or simulating the situation of disabilities students. The program has been implemented in 38 educative centre of Madrid and Barcelona. It´s present a approach to the evaluation and advances in the results.Keywords: attitude, inclusion, disability, Physical Education, intervention program, inclusive sport.
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Hishida, Yoshifumi, and Tetsuya Nakajima. "Combative Sports and Social Inclusion." Japan Journal of Sport Anthropology 2019, no. 21 (December 31, 2019): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7192/santhropology.2019.21_17.

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BALAN, Valeria, and Gheorghe MARINESCU. "Sports – Means of Social Inclusion for Down’s Syndrome Patients." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 7, no. 2 (December 8, 2015): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/2015.0702.10.

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Maksimović, Jasna, Branka Jablan, and Špela Golubović. "Inclusion in physical education and sport." Zbornik radova Pedagoskog fakulteta Uzice, no. 24 (2022): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfu2224191m.

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There is an international consensus that physical activity and sport can be used as strategies for social inclusion, as well as that people with disabilities have the capacity to participate in these activities. However, interventions based on physical activity and sport and their processes that can influence inclusive outcomes are yet to be continuously and comprehensively investigated. The aim of this paper is to point out the problems and perspectives of the development of inclusive physical education and sport by providing an overview of scientific production sources from international scientific conferences, scientific journals in the field of sports and social sciences, as well as reference literature. Data were collected by reviewing available print sources and electronic databases suh asERIC, JSTOR, and Google Scholar etc., using relevant keywords. The results indicate that there are several factors which influence physical education and its teaching methods in an inclusive educational context (attitudes of students and teachers, teachers' competencies, approachability, etc.), and that inclusion in sport is dependent on both personal (nature of the disability, health, motivation, etc.) and social environment factors (accessibility, creating and implementing planned physical activities adapted for students with disabilities, etc.).
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Pochstein, Florian, Gemma Diaz Garolera, Sabine Menke, and Roy McConkey. "The Involvement of Athletes with Intellectual Disability in Community Sports Clubs." Disabilities 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities3010005.

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People with intellectual disability lack opportunities to engage in sports, although the benefits of doing so may be even greater for them. One option is to encourage their inclusion in mainstream sports clubs that exist in nearly all European communities. Although there is a growing knowledge base within organisations such as Special Olympics in adjusting sports to meet the needs of people with intellectual disability, inclusion in community clubs raises additional challenges. This exploratory study aimed to garner the experiences of coaches alongside those of clubs members—with and without disabilities—in 12 community sports clubs in three European countries. In all 20 coaches and 51 members took part in semi-structured interviews. A thematic content analysis was used to devise a conceptual model describing an inclusive sports club. The overarching theme was that inclusive clubs require an ongoing balancing between a focus on sporting skills and performance, with managing the needs and characteristics of the players and the inter-relationships among them. Six subthemes were identified that described the core strategies to the effective functioning of the clubs. However, the vision and commitment of coaches was crucial and their recruitment was the main challenge the clubs faced. In addition, new opportunities for training coaches are needed to support the extension of inclusive clubs across a range of sports and locations. Continuing research could usefully identify the benefits to club members and identify sport-specific adaptations required to make clubs more fully inclusive.
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Silva, Leandro Amancio, Lucas Leonardo, Heitor de Andrade Rodrigues, and Tathyane Krahenbühl. "The Relative Age Effect in invasion team sports: A systematic review in youth sports." Retos 46 (August 11, 2022): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94211.

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The difference in birth dates between athletes of the same age can result in an advantage for the relatively older one. This is referred to as the relative age effect (RAE). This effect can interfere in the practice of children and youth athletes and can also influence their training and development to reach a high level of the sport. This study aimed to review previous research based on the following question: “What are the influences and consequences of the RAE in the sports practice of youth athletes in invasion team sports?” The method used was a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA method. The descriptors relative age effect AND sport were used on the CAPES Periodicals Portal and Pub Med platforms. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performing the necessary analyses, 82 articles were included in the study. It was found that the high competitive level, the sport’s popularity, coaches’ perception, and biological characteristics, primarily in the puberty period, have the greatest influence on the relative age effect and interfere in the permanence and sports careers of youth athletes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sports inclusion"

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Cunningham, Helen. "A review of the policy development processes that relate to the inclusion of people with a disability in sport : some Western Australian evidence." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/600.

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In the late 1960s, there was a major change in social policy and legislation in developed countries that improved the rights and opportunities for people with a disability in all aspects of society, including sport. In 1992, in concert with the general acceptance of the social model of disability, Australia enacted legislation making it illegal to discriminate against a person with a disability; this encouraged their inclusion into the community (Australian Sports Commission, 2005; Doll-Tepper, 1999; Thomas & Smith, 2009). In order to meet the obligations of anti-discrimination legislation, Australian sport organisations became active in preparing policy frameworks to guide and develop programs to improve access and hence participation by people with a disability. Much of the literature has focussed on constraints to sport participation, but few studies have reported the influence on, or outcome of, these policy development processes on sport generally, or on the inclusion of people with a disability at a club level. By examining those Western Australian sport organisations identified as active in providing opportunities in their respective sports for people with a disability, this study aimed to address this gap in inclusion research. This study reviewed the process of policy development used by Western Australian State Sport Associations (SSA) and investigated the influence this process had on the inclusion of people with a disability in sport at a club level. A qualitative methodological approach was chosen with semistructured interviews (with SSA and club representatives) and document analyses of state and national sport organisation (NSO) policies that related to the inclusion of people with a disability. Purposive selection of the initial study participants, SSAs, was used to identify those actively attempting to include people with disabilities in their sports. Representatives from clubs which were known to be inclusive were also identified during the semi-structured interviews with the SSA cohort. This approach focused on the experiences of those who were actively involved in the policy development process, as well as those active in the delivery of programs for people with a disability. The personal knowledge and experience revealed by all who were interviewed, was analysed using content analysis, and the relevant policy documents from the national and state sport organisations were analysed by matrix analysis. The findings reveal that the SSA and NSO policy documents that relate to the inclusion of people with a disability in sport have similar content; however, the policy development processes vary, and do not follow the theoretical policy development frameworks suggested in the literature. There are many variables, both ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ that influence the process of policy development, such as the incentive of government funding and direction provided by NSOs; and there being individuals in the sport organisations who are prepared to drive the policy process and its implementation process forward. This study found that although SSA policy development processes result in limited outcomes at a club level, when a sport organisation goes through a process it makes a commitment to include people with a disability. This in turn raises the organisation’s awareness of ways and means to include them into mainstream sport or specific programs. While several of the sports were active in conducting separate programs, specifically for people with a disability, the flow down of the influence of the policy development to clubs from the national and state level appeared negligible. There was also little coordination and engagement of SSAs and their affiliated clubs when planning and conducting programs for people with a disability. This study proposes a modified approach whereby sport organisations can follow a realistic policy development pathway to create desired change. Moreover, this study reveals the complex environment and stakeholders involved with the inclusion of people with a disability in sport.
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Morgan, Haydn. "Capital gains : enhancing social inclusion and employability in East London through 'Sport for Change'." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681060.

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This research enquiry critically examines correspondences between participation in sport with the enhancement of social inclusion for young people classified as, or 'at-risk' of becoming, 'NEET' (Not in Education, Employment or Training). Whilst policy interventions to develop social inclusion within such populations often accentuate the accumulation of three forms of capital - namely human, social and positive psychological - existing literature highlights a paradoxical relationship in respect of sport being utilised in this educational manner. Consequently, some scholars suggest that participation in sport can contribute to enhanced social inclusion, whilst other contend that such participation merely produces conforming citizens who reinforce the values of the dominant neoliberal discourse. As a context to explore this paradox, the enquiry examines Sport for Change, a Comic Relief initiative, implemented within five boroughs in East London. As an emblematic exemplar of programmes designed to utilise sport in an instrumental manner to enhance social inclusion, this case presents clear potential for exploratory insights which may offer the basis for correspondences to emerge pertaining to programmes containing similar ambitions. Framed by a realist evaluative philosophy, the research consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with 22 individuals who were associated with this specific iteration of Sport for Change. The research engaged people at various junctures of the implementation chain, most pertinently ten young males who participated at two of the sports clubs who were recipients of the intervention. The findings of this enquiry gleaned insights into the disconnected 'life-world' of young males who reside on urban residential estates, highlighting how membership of a sports club enables acceptance by a recognisable and legitimate social institution to be obtained, to initiate the process of social inclusion, and forge the trusting inter-personal relationships upon which human, social, and positive psychological capital can be developed. Consequently, the research enquiry argues that rather than the act of sports participation itself, it is these relationships, formed with club personnel who possess a community consciousness, that are critical to the enhancement of social inclusion in young people.
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Breyer, Rafael Falcão. "Programa segundo tempo : um estudo sobre os objetivos e os processos de avaliação e de construção de indicadores de impacto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172497.

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O esporte é visto como um aliado na promoção da inclusão social. Diante disso, os governos de diferentes países têm desenvolvido projetos sociais esportivos para populações de baixa renda, em especial para crianças e jovens. Os objetivos desses projetos são, geralmente, superdimensionados quando se referem a questões sociais, ultrapassando as potencialidades esportivas. Além disso, os processos de avaliação de projetos sociais esportivos são ainda incipientes. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de processos de avaliação que busquem mensurar os efeitos destes projetos tornase essenciais, afim de justificar investimentos públicos, reconhecer boas práticas e prestar contas à sociedade. Entre os projetos sociais esportivos existentes no Brasil, destaca-se o Programa Segundo Tempo (PST), iniciativa do Ministério do Esporte que conta desde sua implementação, em 2003, com a parceria de prefeituras e compreende todo o território nacional. Diante da relevância do PST, este estudo se propôs a identificar e analisar os objetivos e os processos de avaliação do PST, no período de 2007 a 2017, e sugerir indicadores de impacto. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa. Em relação aos procedimentos de pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com equipes do PST. Para a análise das informações, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. O estudo identificou que, ao longo do tempo, ocorreram alterações e adequações nos objetivos do PST. Além disso, observou-se a ampliação da produção literária e científica do PST, assim como as capacitações pedagógicas foram adaptadas e hoje abordam questões relacionadas às atividades cotidianas dos núcleos Percebeu-se também a expansão do número de convênios, a importância da criação de um processo de avaliação e, em 2015, a criação da Equipe de Avaliação Pedagógica. Atualmente, a Equipe de Avaliação Pedagógica do PST está desenvolvendo processos de avaliação focados na capacitação pedagógica, na qualificação das aulas e na autopercepção de competência dos alunos. Os indicadores mais citados na pesquisa foram os relacionados aos impactos diretos do PST, devido a uma maior vinculação com os objetivos do programa e por possibilitarem uma aferição mais precisa. Sendo assim, foi sugerido a implementação de um processo de avaliação em níveis, o qual considera que um núcleo com melhor infraestrutura ou com RHs mais qualificados tem condições de ter um processo mais completo de avaliação, assim como maiores probabilidades de atingir seus objetivos. Concluindo, os gestores do PST demonstraram uma constante preocupação em readequar seus objetivos a reais possibilidades de um projeto esportivo social, assim como voltaram seus olhares ao desenvolvimento de um processo estruturado de avaliação, criando a equipe de avaliação pedagógica direcionada para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de avaliação que considera as condições de cada núcleo e dos RHs. Com a implantação desses instrumentos de avaliação, acredita-se que o PST terá condições de prestar contas da sua contribuição social para o País e possibilitar a sua continuidade e ampliação. Palavras-chave
Sports are seen as an ally in promoting social inclusion. As such, governments in various countries have developed sports projects for low-income populations, especially children and young people. However, the objectives of these projects typically exceed their capacity to address social issues by overestimating the potential impacts of sports. In addition, the processes for evaluating social sports projects are still incipient. As such, developing evaluation processes for measuring the effects of these projects has become essential for justifying the public investments, recognizing good practices and being accountable to society. The Segundo Tempo Program (PST), a social sports projects of the Brazilian Ministry of Sports, has worked in partnership with local governments nationwide since its creation, in 2003. Given the importance of the PST, the purpose of this study is to analyze the program’s goals and evaluation processes from 2007 to 2017 and to suggest impact indicators. The study is qualitative. Regarding the research procedures, semi-structured interviews were conducted with PST teams. To analyze the information, the content analysis technique was adopted. The study identified that, over time, the PST’s objectives have undergone changes and adjustments. Furthermore, an expansion in literary and scientific production on the PST was observed, and the program’s pedagogical capacities were adapted to encompass issues related to the day-to-day activities of centers. Expansion also was observed in the number of agreements, the importance of developing an evaluation process and, in 2015, the creation of the Pedagogical Evaluation Team Today, the PST Pedagogical Evaluation Team is developing evaluation processes focused on pedagogical training, on improving the quality of classes and on the self-perception and competency of students. The indicators most cited in the study are related to the PST’s direct impacts, given better alignment with the program’s objectives and the possibility of more accurate measurements. Accordingly, the implementation was suggested of a stratified evaluation process that takes into account the fact that centers with better infrastructure and better-qualified human resources present conditions that allow for a more complete evaluation and ensure a higher likelihood of their objectives being met. In conclusion, the PST’s managers demonstrated constant concern with realigning objectives with the actual possibilities of a social sports project, and shifted their focus on developing a structured evaluation process supported by the creation of a pedagogical evaluation team focused on developing an evaluation system that takes into account the conditions of each center and its human resources. With the implementation of these evaluation instruments, it is believed that the PST will present the conditions for rendering an account of its social contribution to the country and for ensuring the program’s perpetuity and growth.
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Bican, Nezih Burak. "Towards A More Socially Inclusive Urban Space Stimulated By Sports: The Case Of 19 Mayis Sports District, Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610786/index.pdf.

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The thesis puts forward the problematic situation in the very urban center of Ankara with an analytical method to investigate the roots of several problems. Building its argument on historical facts, in depth observations, and political, social, and urban analysis, it proposes a rational basis for the rehabilitation of 19 Mayis Sports District, mainly focusing on the means of elevating the physical quality through the capacity of social inclusion concerning the sports activity settings and places in the region. All in all, the basic argument stands on the belief that the spatial basis of the 19 Mayis Sports District and the neighboring urban tissue around it might be re-defined and rehabilitated, if only its historical, political, ideological, and socio-cultural bases are redefined. Therefore, the study searches for rehabilitation of the 19 Mayis Sports District in Ulus, Ankara, by adapting and integrating sports with other cultural collective practices, and defining it as an alternative life-style for citizens. Because the district lays on the second division of Atatü
rk Culture Center Region, a sports culture and its policy should be defined and designed for to amend that division of the region by preparing a principal master plan for the region and for the division.
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Ito, Iara Tocico. "Inclusão pelo esporte: análise da motivação e da percepção dos participantes do projeto "a corda pra vida"." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/445.

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The sport beyond of physical condition sphere, can be an important education tool and social transformation, as presented in some articles. This work aims to analyze a social project with inclusion by sport, that use the sport as an educational tool associated with Token economy system, technique used by therapist. The objective was evaluate the motivation of participants to attend Rope Skipping (or Jump Rope) class, and evaluate if exist or not the perception of behavioral changes by participants and professionals involved in a project of social inclusion by sport. For this, the instrument IMPRAF – 54 was used and open questions directed to profissionals and athletes of this social project, in order to rise the perception about the technique used in classes. The most motivational dimensions were Pleasure, Competition and Health, result related to students answers in open questions. The results that showed the possibility of association the Token economy system with sport to seek positive social change.
O esporte para além da esfera de aptidão física pode ser uma importante ferramenta educacional e de transformação social, como apresentado por alguns estudos. Este trabalho visa analisar um projeto de inclusão pelo esporte, que utiliza o esporte como ferramenta educacional associado ao Sistema de economia de Fichas, técnica utilizadas por terapeutas. O objetivo foi avaliar a motivação dos alunos em frequentar as aulas dos esportes Rope Skipping (ou Jump Rope), e avaliar se existe ou não percepção de mudanças comportamentais por parte dos alunos e profissionais envolvidos em um projeto de inclusão social pelo esporte. Para isso foi utilizado o instrumento IMPRAF – 54 e questionários abertos direcionados aos profissionais e alunos do projeto social, a fim de levantar as percepções a cerca das técnicas utilizadas em aulas. As dimensões de maior motivação foram Prazer, Competição e Saúde, resultados relacionados com as respostas dos alunos nas questões abertas. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de associar o Sistema de economia de Fichas ao esporte para buscar transformações sociais positivas.
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Cartner, Kelly. "CASE STUDY ON INCLUSIVE DESIGN AND OPERATIONS AT ONE CAMPUS RECREATION CENTER." Scholarly Commons, 2018. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3536.

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The case study highlights the evaluation of one campus recreation center in terms of its inclusive design and operation on the basis of physical disability inclusion. Because of the plethora of barriers in campus recreation centers, those with physical disabilities are limited in their recreation choices and do not take part in recreation as their able-bodied counterparts. This study measures, observers, and evaluates one campus recreation center to determine its level of inclusiveness for those with physical disabilities. The AIMFREE survey was conducted along with observations and extensive interviews with staff that run the campus recreation center and those with physical disabilities that have attended the recreation facility. Results from six interviews, a focus group, the AIMFREE survey, and observations have yielded four main themes. The environment lacks inclusivity that results from financial, attitudinal, and social barriers. Attitudinal barriers to inclusivity occur at three main levels: administration, the staff and users of the facility. As a result, the recreation center is also not socially constructed for inclusivity. The goal of this research is to create change in the studied setting. As a result of investigating inclusivity at one recreation center, several areas of improvement emerged and can be used to implement change at campus recreation centers alike.
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Goodwin, Lorna. "The inclusion of children with physical disabilities in physical education : rhetoric or reality?" Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685073.

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Backlund, Isabelle, and Maria Andersson. "Inkludering av rörelsehindrade högstadieelever i idrott- och hälsoundervisningen : En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Health Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1727.

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Abstract

Our study illustrates how disabled high school students, their assistant and physical education teacher experience inclusion within the physical education. A total of seven interviews have been done to show their experiences. The questions we have chosen are: How do the student, assistant and physical education teacher experience their relationships? How do the student, assistant and physical education teacher experience the physical education? How do the student, assistant and physical education teacher experience inclusion of the student in the physical education?

To illustrate their experiences a total of seven interviews have been done. They were carried out at the students schools, in the environment they are familiar to. The interviews were taped to later be transcribed and the material was analysed in four steps.

In this study we refer inclusion to participate in an entirety. It is also about to considerate the conditions of every individual and to create the possibilities for the individual from this. To work towards inclusion means that everybody involved has to work towards the same goal to reach the best result.

From this study we have seen that the disabled students are included in the physical education, but it can appear in different ways. They participate as much as they can and some exercises are adjusted to their needs. Another aspect to have in mind is that the students want to participate in the physical education. We have only studied two cases and can therefore not make a generalization of disabled students in general, we can just say how it is for the high school students we have interviewed.

Keywords: Inclusion, children, disabilities, physical activity, education


Sammanfattning

Vår studie belyser hur rörelsehindrade högstadieelever, dess assistent och idrottslärare upplever inkludering inom idrott- och hälsoundervisningen. De frågeställningar vi valt att ta upp är: Hur upplevs relationen mellan elev, personlig assistent och idrottslärare under idrott- och hälsoundervisningen? Hur upplevs idrott- och hälsoundervisningen utifrån elev, personlig assistent och idrottslärare? Hur upplevs den rörelsehindrade eleven vara inkluderad i idrott- och hälsoundervisningen utifrån elevens, personliga assistentens och idrottslärarens syn på inkludering?

För att få fram deras upplevelser har totalt sju intervjuer gjorts som genomfördes i elevernas skolor, i den miljö där de känner sig hemma. Intervjuerna bandades för att sedan transkriberas och materialet analyserades i fyra steg.

Vad vi avser med inkludering i denna uppsats är att deltaga i en helhet. Det gäller även att se till varje individs förutsättningar och därefter skapa möjligheter för individen. Att arbeta mot inkludering innebär att alla inblandade måste arbeta mot samma mål för att nå bästa resultat.

Utifrån vad vi kommit fram till är de rörelsehindrade eleverna inkluderade i idrott- och hälsoundervisningen, men det kan se ut på olika sätt. De är delaktiga i den mån det går och vissa övningar anpassas utifrån deras behov. Det visade sig även vara väldigt viktigt att eleverna själva visade en vilja till att delta i idrott- och hälsoundervisningen. På grund av att vi endast studerat två elever, deras assistenter och idrottslärare kan vi inte göra en generalisering av hur det är för rörelsehindrade elever i allmänhet, vi kan bara delge om upplevelser från de två högstadieelever vi har intervjuat.

Nyckelord: Inclusion, children, disabilities, physical activity, education

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Valet, Alexy. "Sport, inclusion et innovation : le cas italien du "Baskin" (2001-2013)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069780.

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En se penchant sur l'émergence d'un nouveau sport appelé le Baskin (Basket inclusif), né en Italie au début des années 2000 dans le but de permettre la participation conjointe de joueurs dits "valides" et de joueurs ayant une déficience, l'étude entend contribuer à comprendre dans quelle mesure et de quelle manière la logique sportive et la logique inclusive peuvent cohabiter. C'est le processus d'innovation sociale que représente l'itinéraire du Baskin en Italie de 2001 à 2013 que la recherche retient comme clé de lecture privilégiée pour aborder ce rapprochement problématique entre la tendance sélective du sport à créer de l'homogénéité, et la tendance inclusive à valoriser l'hétérogénéité. Le Baskin incarne-t-il dans le champ sportif un nouveau modèle culturel, une forme de sociabilité originale, une fiction démocratique innovante se situant dans cet entre-deux paradoxal, conciliant hétérogénéité et compétition, et évitant en même temps le double écueil de la normalisation et de l'assistanat ? Fort et fragile à la fois de cette double identité, sportive et inclusive, le développement du Baskin révèle un processus ouvert et incertain, où se succèdent le processus d'ingénierie pédagogique d'un sport dont l'architecture est construite selon les principes de la conception universelle, les processus délicats d'appropriation de cette invention par le milieu social, enfin l'orientation vers l'institutionnalisation de cette nouvelle pratique afin de la faire éventuellement accéder au patrimoine culturel commun. une enquête immersive est développée en tâchant de restituer quelques fragments significatifs sur ce cas inédit au travers d'un ancrage transdisciplinaire
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Tengström, Kajsa. "Samspel i lagspel : lagidrottens sociala betydelse för personer med funktionsnedsättning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, SA, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13314.

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My big interest in sports was what shaped my choice of subject for the essay. The purpose of this study has been to explore the social meaning of team sports for functionally impaired persons. In order to fulfil the purpose of the essay I formed following questions: How do the actives experience their participation in team sports? And how important is the social intercourse in team sports to the individual welfare? The methods I’ve used have been qualitative with an ethnographic approach. I have used participant observations and field interviews to gather my empirical material. To analyze this material I have used theoretical concepts such as: group membership, social skills, social interaction, social inclusion and social exclusion. In this essay I have found out that team sports promotes people’s social skills. Therefore team sports are, according to my studies, a beneficial form of social work.
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Books on the topic "Sports inclusion"

1

Inclusion and exclusion through youth sport. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.

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Campbell, Ruth. Sports development & youth work: Developing inclusion through collaboration. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2001.

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Ltd, Scott Porter Research &. Marketing. Sport and people with a disability: Aiming at social inclusion : a report for sportscotland. Edinburgh: sportscotland, 2001.

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Scott Porter Research & Marketing Ltd. Sports and minority ethnic communities: Aiming at social inclusion : summary : a report for the sportscotland. Edinburgh: Sportscotland, 2000.

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Schleien, Stuart J. Community recreation and people with disabilities: Strategies for inclusion. 2nd ed. Baltimore: P.H. Brookes Pub., 1997.

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Theeboom, Marc, Hebe Schaillée, Rudi Roose, Sara Willems, Emelien Lauwerier, and Lieve Bradt. Community Sport and Social Inclusion. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429340635.

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Cunningham, George B. Diversity and Inclusion in Sport Organizations. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429504310.

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Hartmann-Tews, Ilse. Sport, Identity and Inclusion in Europe. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196761.

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Inclusive games. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995.

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Inclusion Through Sports. Human Kinetics Publishers, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sports inclusion"

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Gurlly, Aaron W. "Trans Inclusion in Sports." In Social Issues in Sport Communication, 238–47. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003316763-24.

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Leeds, Michael A., Peter von Allmen, and Victor A. Matheson. "Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Sports." In The Economics of Sports, 317–47. 7th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003317708-15.

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Bunde-Birouste, Anne, Alex Richmond, and Lynn Kemp. "Sports as Social Innovation for Social Inclusion." In Handbook of Social Inclusion, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48277-0_101-1.

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Bunde-Birouste, Anne, Alex Richmond, and Lynn Kemp. "Sports as Social Innovation for Social Inclusion." In Handbook of Social Inclusion, 1757–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89594-5_101.

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Hartmann-Tews, Ilse, and Benjamin Csonka. "Experiences of LGBTQ people in sports and sports inclusion policies in Germany." In Sport, Identity and Inclusion in Europe, 80–92. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196761-9.

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Hirschmüller, Anja. "Sports in Handicapped Athletes and Inclusion." In Injury and Health Risk Management in Sports, 43–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60752-7_7.

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Huillard, Mathilde, and Ilse Hartmann-Tews. "LGBTQ-related sports policies and the experiences of LGBTQ individuals in sports in France." In Sport, Identity and Inclusion in Europe, 68–79. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196761-8.

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Biasatti, Marcelo, and Maximiliano Lombardo. "Autism Sports and Educational Model for Inclusion (ASEMI)*." In Autism, 271–80. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372518-25.

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Szlávi, Anna. "LGBTQ people and the influence of gender in sports in Hungary." In Sport, Identity and Inclusion in Europe, 93–103. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196761-10.

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Torrance, Hugh. "Policies of inclusion and experiences of LGBTQ people in sports in the UK." In Sport, Identity and Inclusion in Europe, 116–27. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196761-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sports inclusion"

1

Kirilova, Ivelina, Stefka Djobova, Yoanna Dochevska, Velichka Aleksandrova, and Ivaylo Zdravkov. "EXTENT OF INCLUSION IN ERASMUS+ SPORT PROJECTS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/101.

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ABSTRACT Since the 1960s, the Council of Europe has developed recommendations and resolutions ensuring full participation of persons with disabilities into social and sport life. Diversity, equity, and inclusion are the elements that shape sports in the last decade. The right of people with disabilities to participate in recreational or sporting activities on equal terms as other populations through an inclusive approach is emphasized in the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In 2021’s Briefing of the European Parliament is stated that there is a lack of centralized data collection on the participation of people with disabilities in sports at the European Union level. The Erasmus+ Sport program provides funding for sports actions, including the development of inclusive policies aiming to remove barriers and improve the participation of people with disabilities in sports. This study aims to explore the extent of inclusion of persons with disabilities in sports among the Erasmus+ Sport projects co-funded until 2020. Using a secondary research method, we analyzed data extracted from Annual reports, Compendiums, and other official European and stakeholder publications, the European Commission Erasmus+ Project Results Platform. As a result, 515 sport-related projects were identified. Applying secondary selection criteria related to disabilities and sports led to 41 projects focusing on inclusion. Development of inclusive sport policy and supporting the inclusion of persons with disabilities in sports is a long-standing demand, and a great amount of expectations are linked with Erasmus+ Sport. Despite being a funding mechanism, the Program provides an opportunity for the implementation of priorities identified in the Work Plan for Sport. Participation in projects provides opportunities for sports organizations to implement the latest European policies aligned with different aspects regarding the rights of persons with disabilities associated with sports.
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Martiniello, Lucia, and Giuseppe Madonna. "Social inclusion through motor activity and sport." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Autumn Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.proc2.43.

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Imparato, Pasquale, Italo Sannicandro, Riccardo Izzo, Sara Aliberti, and Tiziana D'Isanto. "Disability and inclusion: Swimming to overcome social barriers." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Autumn Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.proc2.54.

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D'Elia, Francesca. "Inclusion in physical and sport education for special movement needs." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Autumn Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.proc2.64.

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Tafuri, Domenico, Roberta Rosa, Davide Di Palma, and Antonio Ascione. "An innovative Educational-Sport strategy to aim to inclusion: Biodanza SRT." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Autumn Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc1.01.

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Setiawan, Caly, Muhammad Hamid Anwar, and Fathan Nurcahyo. "The Construction of Inclusion and Inclusive Teaching by Physical Education Teachers." In Proceedings of the 2nd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS 2018) and 1st Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/yishpess-cois-18.2018.56.

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Martino, Luciana, Erminio Fonzo, Francesco Peluso Cassese, and Tiziana D'Isanto. "Principles of adaptation of the rules for disabled athletes for an inclusion sport." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Winter Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc2.08.

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Ramos, Albert Francis Reginald, Roberto Solinas, Maria Grazia Pirina, and Paolo Menescardi. "POLICY RESEARCH ON IDENTIFYING UPSKILLING NEEDS AND SOCIAL INCLUSION OF MIGRANT SPORTS MANAGERS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES” AND THE BALKAN SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORTS, HEALTH”. National Sports Academy "Vassil Levski" (NSA Press), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2019/88.

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Djobova, Stefka, and Ivelina Kirilova. "EMPOWERMENT OF PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES THROUGH INVOLVEMENT IN SPECIAL OLYMPICS BULGARIA." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/100.

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ABSTRACT Special Olympics is the world’s largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. It was established to provide year-round sports training and competition opportunities in a variety of Olympic-type sports. Nowadays, it is a global movement of devoted people gathered to create a new world of inclusion where every single person is accepted and welcomed, regardless of ability or disability. In Bulgaria, the Special Olympics program started in 1994 and since then is constantly advocating for access to sports for the disadvantaged groups in our society. The aim of this study is to reveal the power of sport in the transformation of the lives of persons with intellectual disabilities involved in the Special Olympics program in Bulgaria. Single-case research design was applied for examining changes in outcome variables in a researched target group. For the truly recapture of the researched individuals, we made use of narrative in terms of “live stories”. The grounded theory of this study is empowerment, as defined by the United Nations Social Development Network. The transformative power of sports has a positive influence on personal and sport-specific competencies, relatedness, expansion of opportunities, and autonomy. Involvement in Special Olympics contributes to personal development and inspires a sense of belonging. Training and competition involvement are increasing opportunities and experiences that lead to the empowerment of a single person with an intellectual disability.
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Alharbi, Hind. "Unified Sports, Social Inclusion, and Athlete-Reported Experiences: A Systematic Mixed-Studies Review." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1881253.

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Reports on the topic "Sports inclusion"

1

Bueno, João, Heloiana Faro, Seth Lenetsky, Aleksandro Gonçalves, Stefane Dias, André Ribeiro, Bruno Victor Corrêa Silva, et al. Exploratory systematic review of Mixed Martial Arts: an overview of performance of importance factors with over 20,000 athletes. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0158.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of the present study was to analyze the findings of the scientific literature related to MMA through an exploratory systematic review on the subject and to present the state of the art of the sport from a multifactorial perspective. Condition being studied: Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a full contact combat sport characterized by its high degree of freedom in offensive and defensive approaches resulting in the inclusion of techniques and tactics from multiple combat sport styles. MMA has gained legitimacy and uniformity of rule sets after a tumultuous and unregulated introduction in North America as well as it is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are still no methodical, comprehensive, transparent, and replicable studies that have summarized the overall perspective of MMA athletes, resulting in an integrated analysis for a better scientific understanding and more efficient practical applications.
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Bashir, Marrium, Soh Kim Geok, and Saddam Akbar. Effects of Functional Training on Sprinting, Jumping and Functional Movement in players: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0130.

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Review question / Objective: The main objective of this review is to evaluate the effects of functional training on sprinting, jumping, and functional movement in players. Rationale: This review study will be significant, see the training effect size and give the directions for filling the gaps in the future researcher to enhance performance in different levels of athletes in sports. Eligibility criteria: In inclusion criteria: English language article, both gender athletes, male and female, related articles on all levels of athletes, and performance-related studies.
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Sousa, Honorato, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Élvio Rúbio Gouveia, Adam Field, and Hugo Sarmento. Effects of changing the head coach on soccer team’s performance: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0060.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the effects of changing the soccer head coach on the overall team’s performance, locomotor demands of players, technical/tactical responses of players, and psychological responses of players. Eligibility criteria: P: Among professional soccer players what is the effect of head-coach replacement; E: Exposure to the change of the head-coach; C: Last weeks of the fired head-coach compared with the first weeks of the new head-coach; O: locomotor performance, sports results, mental health metrics. Inclusion criteria will be: (1) articles written in English; (2) carried out in professional football teams. Studies will be excluded if: (1) written in another language other than the one selected; (2) in the case of theses, books and non-scientific articles.
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4

Grinfeld, Michael. The Impact-Induced Triggering of Hot Spots In Energetic/Explosive Materials Part 3: An Elliptic Air-Filled Inclusion Within an Unbounded Isotropic Plane. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada516828.

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5

Cook, Stephen, and Loyd Hook. Developmental Pillars of Increased Autonomy for Aircraft Systems. ASTM International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/tr2-eb.

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Increased automation for aircraft systems holds the promise to increase safety, precision, and availability for manned and unmanned aircraft. Specifically, established aviation segments, such as general aviation and light sport, could utilize increased automation to make significant progress towards solving safety and piloting difficulties that have plagued them for some time. Further, many emerging market segments, such as urban air mobility and small unmanned (e.g., small parcel delivery with drones) have a strong financial incentive to develop increased automation to relieve the pilot workload, and/or replace in-the-loop pilots for most situations. Before these advances can safely be made, automation technology must be shown to be reliable, available, accurate, and correct within acceptable limits based on the level of risk these functions may create. However since inclusion of these types of systems is largely unprecedented at this level of aviation, what constitutes these required traits (and at what level they must be proven to) requires development as well. Progress in this domain will likely be captured and disseminated in the form of best practices and technical standards created with collaboration from regulatory and industry groups. This work intends to inform those standards producers, along with the system designers, with the goal of facilitating growth in aviation systems toward safe, methodical, and robust inclusion of these new technologies. Produced by members of the manned and unmanned small aircraft community, represented by ASTM task group AC 377, this work strives to suggest and describe certain fundamental principles, or “pillars”, of complex aviation systems development, which are applicable to the design and architectural development of increased automation for aviation systems.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.

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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
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