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Jonas-Dwyer, Diana. "The relationship between enjoyment and ongoing participation in A Grade dancesport." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/880.
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To date no studies have considered enjoyment in Dancesport. Scanlan, Stein and Ravizza, (1989a, 1989b & 1991) have extensively studied enjoyment and recommended further studies be conducted in individual sports. Past research has tended to identity enjoyment as a one off momentary experience termed 'peak performance' (Cohn, 1991) and 'flow' (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975; Kimiecik & Stein, 1992). Many thousands of people participate in Dancesport, the competitive arm of ballroom dancing, both nationally and internationally. Determining the predictors of enjoyment for Dancesport could provide a base upon which to plan activity programs to increase lifelong participation and health. A qualitative approach was used to investigate the sport enjoyment experience of A Grade Adult and A Grade Senior Dancesport competitors from their perspective. In-depth interviews and inductive content analysis to gain insight into the sport. The major theme that emerged from the data was that of "social world". Participation in this world creates enjoyment and whilst they are enjoying their sport they wish to continue competing. Enjoyment sources were related to the physical (increased fitness), mental (the challenge of competition), and social (the social relationship formed with others, ie, coaches, partners and other dancers) elements of the sport.
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Аникеева, Е. А., and E. A. Anikeeva. "Совершенствование работы по организации мероприятий по чирлидингу на примере городского соревнования «Чир звезды» : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/93997.
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В диссертационном исследовании проведен анализ всероссийских соревнований по чир спорту, выявлены проблемы и предложены пути их решения. Разработана модель проведения соревнований по чирлидингу на примере городского соревнования города Екатеринбурга. Разработанные мероприятия по организации соревнований могут быть использованы при планировании и проведении соревнований по чир спорту муниципальных образований Свердловской области, России.The paper analyzes the prerequisites for the development and implementation of an electronic educational resource in the discipline of Physical culture in the process of teaching students. As a result of the research, the mooc (mass open online course) "Physical culture" for people with disabilities was developed and implemented in the educational process of Tyumen state University. It is aimed at students of non-physical education areas of training and students interested in physical culture and health-forming behavior.
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Kuzmickienė, Dalia. "Sporto varžybų organizavimo ir valdymo aspektai jojimo sporto šakos varžybų pavyzdžiu." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120620_120419-39184.
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Sporto varžybų organizavimo ir valdymo aspektai jojimo sporto šakos varžybų pavyzdžiu
Organization and managing aspects of sport competition: The sample of the horse jumping competition
Raktiniai žodžiai: varžybų organizavimas, varžybų valdymas
Darbo objektas: jojimo sporto šakos (kliūtinio jojimo) Lietuvos Taurės IV etapo varžybų organizavimo ir valdymo aspektai
Darbo tikslas - Nustatyti sporto varžybų organizavimo ir valdymo aspektus jojimo sporto šakos varžybų pavyzdžiu.
Darbo uždaviniai:
1. Apibrėžti sporto renginių ir varžybų sampratą
2. Išanalizuoti organizacinius renginių ir sporto varžybų teorinius aspektus;
3. Išanalizuoti renginių ir sporto varžybų valdymo patirtį;
4. Atlikti jojimo sporto šakos (kliūtinio jojimo) analizę varžybų organizavimo aspektu;
5. Atlikti jojimo sporto šakos (kliūtinio jojimo) analizę varžybų valdymo aspektu.
Išvados:
1. Sporto varžybų organizavimas ir valdymas – tai veiklos ir procesai nukreipti į varžybų tikslų pasiekimą.
2. Sporto renginio organizavimo aspektai apima renginių organizavimo analizes, suvokimą, numatomo rinkos tikslo nustatymą, koordinacijos sistemų, politikos ir procedūrų planavimą ir renginio pravedimą.
3. Sporto renginių valdymo patirtis pateikia analizes, nukreiptas į efektyvių problemų sprendimų metodų paiešką, bei efektyvių strategijų kūrimą valdant sporto renginius.
4. Keturiais analizuotais varžybų organizavimo aspektais varžybų organizavimas yra tinkamas. Trimis analizuotais organizavimo aspektais varžybų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Organization and managing aspects of sport competition: The sample of the horse jumping competition.
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Шинкар, І. В. "Інформаційні технології в проведенні спортивних змагань." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32936.
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На сучасному етапі розвитку суспільства інформаційно-комунікаційні технології використовуються все більш широко та знайшли своє застосування у великій кількості видів діяльності людства. Освітні та наукові напрямки є пріоритетними та надзвичайно важливими для формування досконалого суспільства. Впровадження інформаційних технологій у спорт є вимогою часу. Всім вищезазначеним обумовлюється актуальність даного дослідження.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32936
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Dionigi, Rylee Ann. "Competing for Life: Older People and Competitive Sport." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/24895.
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In Western society competing in physically demanding sport is not considered the domain of older people. For the majority of the twentieth century older people were stereotyped as frail, socially withdrawn and dependent on health and social welfare systems. Competitive athletes on the other hand are commonly viewed as being young, strong, aggressive, physically competent and independent. Although today’s older generation are encouraged to be physically active, society does not recognise serious competition or physically intense sports as age-appropriate activities for them. If older people choose to participate in sport they are expected to be doing it to have fun, make friends and keep fit. The growing leisure phenomenon of older athletes who compete to win, achieve a personal best, break world records or push their bodies to the limit presents a challenge to these orthodoxies. The purpose of this thesis is to explain why competing in physically demanding sport is significant to some older people given the accepted view that it is not their domain. In particular, the thesis explores the multiple ways in which a group of older people negotiate conflicting discourses of both sport and ageing, as well as the contradiction between their identity as an athlete and their ageing bodies, as they talk about and experience competing in physically strenuous individual and team sports. The key themes through which this negotiation process is played out relate to friendship and fun, competition, youthfulness, and the ageing body. It is revealed that the process of competing in sport can be simultaneously empowering and problematic at both the individual and social levels. The thesis draws on insights from post-structural theories of resistance and empowerment, traditional and postmodern understandings of identity management in later life, and life-stage theories to interpret the phenomenon of older people competing in physically demanding sport. To achieve the above aims, a qualitative study exploring the experiences of a group of Masters athletes aged over 55 years who regularly compete in physically strenuous individual or team sports was undertaken. It was found that despite age-appropriate norms, competition is significant to many of the participants. Study participants embrace the ideologies and practices of competitive sport and use them to define ageing in terms of youthfulness, physical ability and personal empowerment. Simultaneously however, a denial of, or desperate resistance to, the physical ageing process accompanies this feeling of empowerment. The participants in this study were not only competing in sport, but also "competing for life". It is argued that a multi-faceted and conflicting interplay of resistance and conformity, empowerment and denial, identity and the ageing body is embedded in the phenomenon of older people competing in physically demanding sport. These contradictory findings expose alternative ways of understanding sport, competition, ageing and older people in the West and raise many questions requiring further investigation. The study also points to potential applications of these findings to policy-making and provision of leisure services for older people.PhD Doctorate
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Dionigi, Rylee Ann. "Competing for Life: Older People and Competitive Sport." Diss., Connect to this title online, 2004. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/services/library/adt/public/adt-NNCU20041203.213850/index.html.
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Juchem, Luciano. "Contribuições das competições esportivas para a formação e educação de crianças e jovens : o caso dos jogos escolares de Petrolina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/130455.
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O tema da presente pesquisa é a competição esportiva escolar. Investigou-se as contribuições das competições esportivas para a formação e educação dos participantes, de forma específica sobre o caso dos Jogos Escolares de Petrolina (JEP), competição esportiva escolar desenvolvida a mais de 40 anos, e o seu impacto como instrumento de formação e educação das crianças e adolescentes da região. Para cumprir com os objetivos da investigação foram conduzidos três estudos. O primeiro estudo trata da Teoria e Metodologia das Competições Esportivas e do Modelo Teórico apresentado por Marques (2004), modelo este que defende a competição esportiva como elemento estruturante da educação e formação de crianças e jovens. O segundo estudo, de natureza histórica, abordou a criação dos JEP. Para tal, foram entrevistados os professores responsáveis pela criação dos JEP, utilizando um questionário construído em formato semiestruturado. O terceiro estudo, realizado com professores atuantes nos JEP, focalizou a realidade atual dos JEP. Através da aplicação de um questionário em formato semiestruturado foram investigadas as características, potencialidades e limitações dos JEP como elemento de formação e educação dos participantes. As competições esportivas são elementos insubstituíveis para a educação e formação dos participantes, porém, para que cumpram a sua função formativa e educacional, as competições devem ser organizadas por princípios, regras e conteúdos adequados à cada faixa etária. Os JEP foram criados a partir de determinação da secretaria de educação de Pernambuco, no início da década de 70. Nas edições iniciais os professores organizadores não receberam nenhum apoio dos órgãos governamentais, necessitando improvisar as condições dos locais de disputa, atuando como organizadores, árbitros e treinadores. Neste período foi fundamental o auxílio dos alunos, da direção das escolas e da comunidade de Petrolina. Através dos resultados obtidos nos três estudos que compõe a tese, foi possível responder a questão central da investigação: Quais as contribuições dos JEP para a formação e educação dos jovens atletas? Os JEP contribuem não apenas para a formação esportiva dos participantes, mas também com a construção e educação de valores, inerentes às competições esportivas, porém desejáveis em outros domínios da vida em sociedade. Entre eles destacam-se o “respeito às regras”, o “companheirismo”, o “prazer”, a “desportividade”, a “imagem pública”, a “tolerância”, o “ser justo”, a “autoestima”, o “ser vencedor” e a “realização pessoal”. O crescimento da “autoestima” dos atletas e a sensação de “realização pessoal” são aspectos muito presentes durante os JEP com reflexos que vão muito além do ambiente esportivo. Estes valores têm contribuído para a mudança de atitude de muitos atletas, expressos pela redução no abandono escolar, na maior tolerância entre os estudantes e na melhora no relacionamento familiar, percebidos pelos professores de outras disciplinas, pela direção das escolas e pelos familiares.The topic of this research is the school sports competition. The contributions of sports competitions for training and education of participants were investigated specifically about the School Games of Petrolina (SGP), which is a school sports competition developed over 40 years ago and its impact as a training and education tool of children and adolescents in the region. Three studies were conducted to reach the research objectives. The first study deals with the Theory and Methodology of Sports Competitions and the Theoretical Model presented by Marques (2004). This model supports sports competition as a structural element of the education and training of children and youth. The second study, of historical nature, addressed the creation of the SGP. For this purpose, teachers responsible for creating the SGP were interviewed using a survey built in a semi-structured format. The third study, performed with teachers working in the SGP, focused on the current reality of the SGP. The characteristics, capabilities and limitations of the SGP as a training and education element of the participants, were investigated by applying a semi-structured format survey. The sports competitions are irreplaceable elements for education and training of participants, however, to fulfill its training and educational function, competitions should be organized by principles, rules and appropriated contents for each age group. The SGP was created by the Education Secretariat of Pernambuco in the early 70s. In the early editions, teachers, who were also organizing, received no support from government agencies, requiring them to improvise when it came to the conditions of the contest sites as well as acting out the roles of organizers, referees and coaches. During this period, the support coming from students, schools' management and Petrolina community was crucial. The results of the three studies that are part of this thesis enabled to answer the central question of this investigation: What are the contributions of the SGP for the training and education of young athletes? The SGP helps not only the participant's growth in sport, but also the build of values that are part of sports competitions and also desirable in other aspects of life. Some examples are "respect to rules", "partnership", "pleasure", "sportiness", "public image", "tolerance", "be fair", "self-esteem", "be a winner" and "personal fulfillment". The "self-esteem" growth on athletes and the feeling of "personal fulfillment" are aspects very present in the SGP, with implications that go far beyond the sport environment. These values have contributed to an attitude change of many athletes, expressed in terms of lower number of students leaving school, higher tolerance and better family relationship, aspects that were noticed by other teachers, school board and families.
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Коваленко, Сергій Львович, Сергей Львович Коваленко, Serhii Lvovych Kovalenko, and С. І. Кахерський. "Психічний стан спортсмена під час спортивних змагань." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/48572.
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Фахівці в галузі спорту вважають нестабільність результатів спортсмена прямим наслідком його емоційного стану на змаганнях. Багато тренерів бачать одну з задач підготовки до змагань в тому, щоб зняти емоційне напруження та ізолювати спортсмена від стресових впливів. Називають це «підвищенням психологічної надійності спортсмена». Можливо, що позитивний сенс психологічної підготовки спортсмена якраз і полягає в пробудженні сил і здібностей, які можуть вести його в непередбачуваній стресовій ситуації змагання.
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Sun, Huajun. "Sports and competition law in South Africa: the need to account for the uniqueness of sport when applying the competition Act 89 of 1998 to the sports industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7102.
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Regulation of sport as an economic activity has become increasingly prevalent in a number of foreign jurisdictions. This thesis considers the applicability of competition law to the sports industry from a South African perspective. Although the Competition Act 89 of 1998 is yet to be applied in the context of organisation of professional sport, the sector is not free from the scrutiny of competition law authorities. It is necessary to subject sports organisers and governing bodies to competition law in order to ensure that their administrative powers, which effectively place them in positions of market dominance, are not misused for their own commercial interests. On the other hand, the unique characteristics of sports should also be taken into account when applying competition law to the sector. In particular, it should be noted that sporting activities are not purely economic in nature, and that they are also conducted in order to achieve various social objectives. This thesis examines foreign jurisprudence that have dealt with the relevance of purely sporting justifications under competition law, and conclude that South Africa law should take into account the unique nature of sport when determining whether a conduct should be per se prohibited under the Competition Act, as well as when the rule-of-reason enquiry is conducted. This would require an amendment to the Act, a draft of which is proposed in this thesis. Finally, the proposed approach is applied in the context of the player transfer rules in football, in order to highlight problematic aspects of the transfer system even when considered in light of the unique nature of sports.
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Твердохлєбова, Наталя Євгеніївна, and Степан Дмитрович Євтушенко. "Організація системи безпеки на стадіонах." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/47827.
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Сучасні стадіони повинні відповідати суворим вимогам, що пред'являються до безпеки всіх учасників під час спортивних змагань. Головна вимога, яка має бути виконана, – створення об'єкта, безпечного для всіх, хто ним користується, будь-то глядачі, учасники матчу, офіційні особи, представники ЗМІ, обслуговуючий персонал.Modern stadiums must match the strict requirements for safety during sports competitions. The main requirement that must be met is the creation of an object that is safe for all participants, be it spectators, match participants, officials, media representatives, service personnel.
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Marsh, Donald J., Caleb D. Bazyler, Satoshi Mizuguchi, D. Gahreman, Aaron Cunanan, Dylan Suarez, and Michael H. Stone. "Peaking for a National Weightlifting Competition." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5791.
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Bazyler, Caleb D., Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael C. Zourdos, Kimitake Sato, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Brad H. DeWeese, and Michael H. Stone. "Characteristics of a National Level Weightlifter Peaking for Competition: A Case Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3788.
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This study investigated physiological and performance changes of a national-level 69 kg female weightlifter after 3 competition phases over a 28-week training period. The athlete first trained for a regional championship (weeks 1–12), followed by a local competition (weeks 13–23) and the national championship (weeks 24–28). Body mass, vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and unloaded and loaded squat jump performance were assessed weekly during each 4-week competition phase. Serum biomarkers and dynamic midthigh pulls were assessed before and after each competition phase. Weightlifting performance goals were met for the regional championship (total = 200 kg) and the local competition (total = 193 kg), but not the national championship (total = 196 kg). She lost more body mass in preparation for Nationals (−6.0 kg) compared with regionals (−2.5 kg) and the local competition (+2.2 kg). Vastus lateralis CSA very likely decreased after Nationals (precision = 99%, effect size = 2.08). Her testosterone:cortisol ratio likely increased (88%, 2.64), whereas interleukin-6 (79%, 2.47) and tumor necrosis factor–alpha (81%, 3.59) likely decreased after Nationals. Serum myostatin (99%, 1.95) and decorin (99%, 1.96) very likely decreased after the local competition. Unloaded squat jump height likely increased the week of regionals (89%, 0.95) and the local competition (99%, 1.83), whereas unloaded and loaded squat jump height possibly (69%, 0.99) and likely (82%, 1.52) decreased the week of Nationals. Dynamic midthigh pull vertical displacement likely increased after regionals (93%, 0.84) and likely decreased after Nationals (94%, 0.87). These findings indicate that biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and hypertrophy are related to changes in training volume-load; however, performance measures are needed to assess competition preparedness. Considering the reductions in muscle CSA corresponding with the large reductions in body mass and underperformance at the national championship, sport scientists, and coaches should instruct weightlifters to not attempt large losses in body mass (e.g., >3 kg) close to competition (e.g., <1week).
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Ferreira, Suzane. "The preparation of athletes with cerebral palsy for elite competition." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1459.
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Thesis (PhD (Sport Science))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Sport performance management has emerged as a specialization in sport science that is focused on providing the athlete and coach with optimal information about training programmes and the support services needed in order to pursue excellence. As a more professional approach to disability sport has grown with the international status of the Paralympics, sport performance management dealing specifically with athletes with disabilities requires development. The purpose of this study was to focus on documenting the delivery of sport science support for three cyclists with cerebral palsy training for the Athens Paralympics. A case study approach was taken in this research that provided sport science support to three cyclists. Documentation of the training experience of each cyclist over 18 months of training leading up to the Games, was accomplished by quantification of daily training as well as periodic laboratory testing. A comprehensive picture was drawn of training intensities, modalities and frequencies for each cyclist during each macro-cycle, with special attention to the following three variables. Power output and lactate Power output and VO2 max Peak and mean sprint power output (Wingate test) Two of the three cyclists perceived the support they received to have been critical to the success of their preparation. The investigator concluded that sport management has an important role to play in the development of disability sport at the elite level, and that a lot more hard training is possible for cyclists with cerebral palsy, than some coaches may have previously believed, especially in terms of intensity and duration.
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Harwood, Chris Grant. "Pre-competition achievement goals within young sports performers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6778.
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This thesis attempted to develop a clearer understanding of the pre-competition achievement goal perspectives that are held by young performers. The programme of research moves through three transitional stages incorporating three different methodologies. Specifically, the first two investigations which comprised Study 1 adopted a quantitative research methodology; Study 2 incorporated qualitative techniques; and the final investigation addressed the research question on an idiographic basis via a single subject design study. Firstly, an attempt is made to identify the major antecedents or precursors to states of goal involvement prior to a specific competitive situation. The first study examined the antecedents of pre-competition state goals within adolescent swimmers from an interactionist perspective. Results showed how levels of task and ego involvement prior to a specific race were related to both dispositional tendencies and situational factors within the race context. However, task orientation appeared to play a more powerful role than ego orientation in predicting their respective goal states. Furthermore, ego involvement was more strongly predicted by situational factors. The second investigation extended this question by investigating a sample of elite junior tennis players prior to a competitive match at the National Championships. In this way, the nature of the competitive context, with respect to goal or reward structure, changed from being more task-involving (individualistic-focused) to being more ego-involving (competitive-focused). Results showed how the players' goal states were related much more to perceptions of the context than to their reported goal orientation. Furthermore, task orientation did not emerge as a significant predictor of goal involvement. With these results in mind, the second stage of the thesis involved investigating, to a much greater depth, the motivational criteria which appeared to contribute to the development of goal orientation and the activation of goal involvement in the context of competition. For this purpose, qualitative interview techniques and an inductive content analysis were applied to a sample of seventeen elite junior tennis players. The findings suggested that the development of goal orientation and activation of pre-competition goal involvement rested on a complex interaction of internal and environmental factors. Specific general dimensions of influence included cognitive-developmental skills and experience, the motivational climate conveyed by significant others, the social and structural nature of tennis, and the match context. The information gathered from this study provided the impetus, rationale and theoretical foundation for the final study in this thesis. Employing a single subject multiple baseline across subjects design, the study investigated the effects of a structured environmental and task-based intervention programme which sought to influence precompetition goal involvement and related competitive cognitions within a small sample of adolescent national standard tennis players. Following a three month intervention period, the three targeted players reported pre-competition goal states which showed increased activation of the self-referent conception of achievement. Furthermore, each player fostered an attitude which valued the challenge of winning matches for internal reasons, as opposed to reasons associated with favourable social approval. These findings reinforced the practicability of educationlaction-based interventions designed to develop more adaptive motivational responses to competitive situations. The programme of research conducted in this thesis, therefore, highlights how precompetition achievement goal perspectives within young performers may be influenced, provided that one has a detailed understanding of the antecedents of this process. In so doing, this thesis alerts future research to the importance of working within an interactionist paradigm and with a measurement technology which can accurately assess goal states in a diverse number of sporting situations. In this way, our understanding of goal involvement, as an important achievement-related attentional state, may be greatly facilitated.
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Swart, Kamilla. "Physiological, perceptual and performance responses to competitive stress in individual and team sports among youth sport participants." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016257.
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Due to limited research in the field testing of youth sport, specifically with regard to females, this project was delimited to the examination of the responses of youth participants in relation to the nature of the sport, when participating under conditions of competitive stress. It further attempted to elucidate gender related differences within these responses. Forty four male and female subjects aged 15 - 19 years volunteered to participate in this study; all pupils were First team members who competed in a variety of team and individual sports. Subjects participated in a battery of psychological, physiological and performance tests before and after competing in a practice session and during competitive league matches. The data were statistically analyzed for the various parameters under investigation. The results of the Sport Competition Anxiety Test indicated that the females, and the male team players had the highest competitive anxiety traits (CTA). The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire scores showed that most subjects have a general dominance of task orientation to sport. The results of the Physical Self-Perception Profile revealed that the females' poorer perception of their physical was not as substantial as their difference in CTA compared to males. Team participants, particularly the males, had a poorer self-image than individual sport counterparts. Elevated heart rate responses were observed prior to performing in a competitive ambience, with significant increases in team, rather than individual, players. The Evaluation of Task Demands revealed that team players, especially the females, perceived the match demands as significantly higher than the individual athletes. No significant differences were observed in the players' Evaluation of Perceived Strain. Neither were any significant differences observed in the players' ratings of their performance. In conclusion, although differences appear to exist between male and female responses within a competitive ambience, the magnitude of difference was far more notable between team and individual responses to competitive stress, particularly for competitive matches as opposed to practice sessions.
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Mongeon, Kevin P. "Economic competition and the production of winning in professional sports." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/K_Mongeon_1041310.pdf.
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Neil, Richard. "(Re)conceptualizing competition stress in sport performers." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42903.
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The major purpose of this thesis was to provide a more contemporary exploration of the competition stress process in sport performers, with particular emphasis on the orientation of emotions with respect to performance. Study 1 of the thesis investigated the stressors encountered within the competition environment. The findings highlighted that athletes experience a broad range of both performance and organisational demands, with some stressors being common and some unique to each participant. To provide a clearer insight into the competition stress process than the previous literature, Study 2 used the stressors identified in Study 1 and examined the subsequent appraisals, emotional response, emotional orientation, and behaviour. The narrative provided by the athletes suggested emotional orientation to be a pivotal factor within the competition stress transaction, with facilitative interpretations coinciding with increased motivation, effort, and focus on the task in hand. In comparison, when emotions where viewed as debilitative towards upcoming performance, athletes reported becoming agitated and/or distracted, which affected performance. The final study in this thesis culminated the exploration into the competition stress experience by examining the effects of a systematic cognitivebehavioural intervention programme on the further appraisals of four golfers who interpreted their emotions as debilitative towards upcoming performance. The findings demonstrated an immediate intervention effect on emotional orientation, with interpretations changing tofacilitative or/and unimportant. An in-depth social validation process conducted during (open ended questionnaires) and postintervention (interviews) provided explanations for these transformations, which included a change of focus from the emotions and negative thoughts towards the task in hand. Improvements or more consistency in levels of subjective and objective performance were also reported, which the golfers suggested were due to the selfstatement technique utilised, allowing them to change their focus to play the best shot they possibly could or/and gave them more confidence to perform during problem holes. The overall findings of the thesis have facilitated a greater understanding of the competition stress process experienced by performers. Practical recommendations are proposed which aim to assist performers' appraisals and coping strategies within the competitive environment. These include methods to manage the demands encountered, along with techniques to help change athletes' interpretations of their emotional states. Future research directions are also provided with respect to: the cyclical nature of the competition stress process; considerations of other dimensions of the emotional response in addition to orientation; and the assessment of a broader range of emotions experienced.
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Cattaneo, Andrea. "The application of EU competition law to sport." Thesis, Edge Hill University, 2017. http://repository.edgehill.ac.uk/9943/.
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The thesis has looked at the application of competition law of the European Union to sport. The main objective of the thesis is to understand whether the European institutions have adopted a sport-specific approach when applying competition law, and to identify problems connected to it. Sport presents a number of characteristics that differentiates it from any other industry. It is an area where private and public interests arise and demand protection. These range from private economic interests, to the protection of cultural aspects, health and well-being, and employment. The European Union has moved from an approach according to which sporting rules were not falling under EU law, to one where any sporting rule is capable of having economic effects and could therefore be assessed. In parallel, Sport Governing Bodies have stopped rejecting the intrusion of EU institutions in sport, and have accepted that the role of the authorities could be channelled to guarantee an area of autonomy. The thesis provides an original contribution to the body of knowledge in assessing the intensity of the economic analysis adopted by the EU institutions when examining conduct of Sports Governing Bodies. This aspect is particularly connected to the specific characteristics of sport, and of the sporting market. The research suggests to adopt a system of governance that is more collaborative and inclusive, and that is capable of representing the needs and protect the interest of all the industry stakeholders. This would require a greater involvement of the stakeholders in the rule setting and enforcement procedure, in order to channel the expertise of Governing Bodies and restrict the tendency to abuse of their regulatory powers.
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Meijen, Carla. "Approaches to competition : challenge and threat states in athletes." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2011. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1882/.
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Athletes can approach competition positively, as a challenge, or negatively, as a threat. The theory of challenge and threat states in athletes (TCTSA) outlines that a challenge state, contrary to a threat state, is characterised by high levels of self-efficacy and perceived control, approach goals, positive emotions, a helpful interpretation of emotional state and a cardiovascular reactivity pattern of increased cardiac output and decreased total peripheral resistance. The aim of this thesis was to examine relations between these cognitive, affective, and physiological components of challenge and threat states in a sport setting; research in sport have mostly examined these components separately. Five studies were conducted to examine this aim. These comprised a qualitative analysis of athletes‟ interviews about an upcoming competition, a cross-sectional questionnaire study, two studies where self-report data were associated with cardiovascular responses to an upcoming competition or previous competition, and a case study. Overall, the cognitive and affective components are somewhat supportive of the TCTSA, with a positive relation between self-efficacy, perceived control and approach goals. Threat appraisal and anxiety were positively predicted by avoidance goals. Most of the physiological findings, however, were not in line with the predictions of the TCTSA. Specifically, participants who had high levels of self-efficacy appeared to be physiologically threatened by an upcoming competition. There was no consistent relation between the cognitive, affective, and physiological components regarding previous competitions. Temporal patterning may be one of the main confounding factors for the inconsistent findings as the relations between physiological, cognitive, and affective components all change in the lead up to competition. This thesis makes an original contribution to stress research by exploring the combination of cognitive, affective, and physiological components outlined by the TCTSA using a holistic understanding of how athletes approach competition.
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Iland, Damien Patrick. "Biased evaluation and cognitive models : an application to a sports betting competition /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsi273.pdf.
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Mahn, Paulo Ângelo 1969. "Ansiedade, qualidade do sono e concentração de cortisol salivar em tenistas adolescentes." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287943.
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Orientador: Maria Beatriz Duarte GaviãoTese (Doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:44:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mahn_PauloAngelo_D.pdf: 1050386 bytes, checksum: ef8373c5f769d1390c9bdc9435b72528 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Dentre os diversos fatores psicológicos que influenciam o desempenho dos atletas no esporte de alto rendimento, a ansiedade tem sido um dos mais determinantes. No tênis de campo, a alta competitividade entre os atletas, associado com a individualidade desta modalidade constitui uma fonte geradora de ansiedade. Os hábitos relativos ao sono podem influenciar o desempenho do atleta. O hormônio cortisol é considerado um importante indicador da ansiedade competitiva, pois sua produção e secreção aumentam antes, durante e após situações ocasionadas por eventos competitivos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os níveis de ansiedade psicológica e fisiológica e a qualidade de sono em jovens atletas de tênis de campo, do sexo masculino, durante dois treinos e na primeira rodada de um torneio regional e de um torneio estadual. A amostra foi constituída por vinte tenistas do sexo masculino de 15 a 18 anos de idade. Foram aplicadas as versões brasileiras do Inventário da Ansiedade de Beck e do Mini Questionário do Sono antes do 1º treino para avaliação da ansiedade psicológica e da qualidade do sono; e os níveis de cortisol salivar para avaliação da ansiedade fisiológica. As coletas de saliva foram realizadas em 4 momentos: 1º no treino; 2º no campeonato regional; 3º no treino; 4º no campeonato estadual, obtendo-se três amostras em cada uma: 1- Ao despertar; 2 - Cinco minutos antes do torneio ou treino; 3 - Entre o 1º e 2º set. O cortisol foi quantificado pela técnica imunoenzimática. Os resultados mostraram que a ansiedade psicológica variou de mínima a leve. A qualidade do sono apresentou grande variabilidade. Não houve diferença significativa nos valores de cortisol salivar entre os três tempos de coleta no 1º treino e no torneio regional. No 2º treino, os valores, 5 minutos antes da partida foram similares ao acordar, com declínio significativo entre o 1º e 2º set em relação às concentrações prévias. Na comparação entre o 1º treino e o 2º treino houve diferença significativa nos valores do cortisol salivar aos 5 minutos antes da partida, com valor superior no 2º treino, diferença que não foi percebida como significativa ao acordar e entre o 1º e o 2º set. No torneio estadual, 5 minutos antes da partida e entre o 1º e 2º set, os valores do cortisol foram similares entre si, e significativamente maiores do que ao acordar. As concentrações do cortisol salivar aos 5 minutos antes da partida e entre o 1º e 2º set foram significativamente maiores no torneio estadual em relação ao regional. Não houve associação da qualidade do sono e níveis de ansiedade e o fato de ter sido derrotado em pelo menos um treino e/ou campeonato. Concluiu-se que os tenistas podem ter sido afetados pelo desafio, demonstrado pela maior concentração de cortisol salivar durante o torneio estadual em relação à concentração ao acordar e em relação ao torneio regional
Abstract: Among the various psychological factors that influence the performance of athletes of high rate sport performances, anxiety has been one of the most crucial. In tennis, the high competitiveness among athletes, associated with the individuality, is a generator of anxiety. The sleep-related habits can influence an athletes' performance. The hormone cortisol is considered an important indicator of anxiety in competitions, since its production and secretion are increased before, during and after competitive events. The aim of this study was to assess levels of psychological and physiological anxiety and the quality of sleep in young tennis players, in two trainings and in the first round of the regional tournament and in the first round of the state tournament. The sample was composed by 20 males adolescent players aged from 15 to 18 years. The Brazilian versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Mini Sleep Questionnaire were applied before the 1st training for psychological assessment of anxiety and sleep quality; and levels of salivary cortisol were used to assess the physiological anxiety. The saliva samples were collected in 4 periods: 1st - training; 2nd - regional tournament; 3rd - training; 4th - state tournament, obtaining three samples in each period: 1 - Upon awakening, 2 - Five minutes before the tournament or training; 3 - Between the 1st and 2nd sets. The cortisol was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that the psychological anxiety ranged from minimal to moderate. The quality of sleep reported great variability. There was no significant difference in salivary cortisol values among the three sampling times in the first training and in the regional tournament. During the 2nd training, the values of salivary cortisol, 5 minutes before the match were similar to those at awakening with a significant decline of the 1st and 2nd sets compared with the previous concentrations. The comparison between the 1st and the 2nd trainings showed no significant difference in the values of salivary cortisol at 5 minutes before match, but with a higher value in the 2nd training. This difference was not perceived as significant at waking up and between the 1st and the 2nd set. In the state tournament before the match and between the 1st and 2nd sets, the cortisol values were similar to each other, and significantly higher than those at awakening. The salivary cortisol concentrations at 5 minutes before the match and xii between the 1st and 2nd sets were significantly higher in the state tournament compared with the regional one. There was no association among sleep quality and anxiety levels and the fact of having been defeated at least in one training and/or one tournament. Concluding, it can be suggested that athletes may have been affected by the challenge, since the cortisol concentrations were higher in the state tournament and training in relation to the values upon awakening and in relation to the regional one
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
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Lazic, Marina. "An uneven playing field? : a competition law analysis of salary caps in professional sports." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140692.
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Ferguson, Robert J. "Expectation discrepancy and attribution : mediational factors of sport competition anxiety." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/562773.
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The purpose of the present study is to extend past outcome-dependent models of Sport Competition Anxiety (SCA) to include attribution theory as an appraisal process of past performance outcome. It was hypothesized that unstable causal attributions for past unexpected performances would lead to uncertain expectations of future performance and subsequent SCA. Sixty-three male subjects were assessed for initial expectations of how they would perform in a cycling task, i.e., high and low, in which each subject received false feedback about his performance (success or failure). After completing the task, subjects completed questionnaires assessing the discrepancy between expected and actual outcome, attributions for past performance (Causal Dimension Scale), expectation for future performance, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 which measures state cognitive and somatic anxiety and state self-confidence. Contrary to predictions, results indicated that attribution did not mediate SCA, but rather attributions were made systematically in response to success and failure and not unexpected outcome. However, path analysis carried out on a modified model of SCA that includes outcome and expectations of future performance, indicated that somatic anxiety and state self-confidence are mediated by expectation of future success. The findings are discussed in terms of attribution theory and other cognitive constructs (e.g., self-schemata and efficacy expectations) that might have an impact on attributional patterns that lead to performance expectations and SCA. It is noted that because only male subjects were used, generalizability to female competitors may not be appropriate due to differences in sport socialization.Department of Psychological Science
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Fairley, Sheranne, and n/a. "Sport Fan Tourism: Understanding Those Who Travel To Follow Sport Teams." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070716.153940.
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Sport events and attractions which encourage both participants and spectators are seen as significant contributors to the tourism economy (Delpy, 1998; Glyptis, 1991; Standeven & DeKnop, 1999). Further, Gratton and Taylor (2000) note that sport related travel accounts for 7% of total expenditure on sport. To date, the main focus of event sport tourism research has been on the economic impact of large-scale sport events (Burgan & Mules, 1992; Crompton, 1995; Mules & Faulkner, 1996; Walo, Bull, & Breen, 1996). However, Higham (1999) posits that smaller scale events such as regular season games may be of greater benefit to the host community as these events are hosted within existing infrastructure and therefore limit the need for public expenditure. However, fans who travel to regular season competition are a market segment that has been largely ignored by both sport and tourism marketers. Sport marketers have focused on home game attendance, media viewership and product purchases, while tourism marketers have focused on leveraging the destination. Anecdotal evidence suggests that fans who travel organise a substantial proportion of their discretionary time and income around this activity. Recent research by Gibson, Willming and Holdnak (2002, 2003) has begun to understand the behaviours of sport fans who travel to home games. This study seeks to understand the behaviours and experiences of those who travel to attend away games. In particular the study asks: What motivates fans to travel to follow professional sport teams, what experiences fans have and seek during the travel, and what place does travelling to follow a sport team have in the overall consumption behaviour of sport fans. This study examined the motives and experiences of six fan groups travelling interstate to follow their Australian Football League (AFL) team in the 2001 season. As the behaviours and experiences of those who travel to follow sport teams have not previously been explored, exploratory analysis using an iterative process of constant comparison between data colleted from the research setting and the existent literature. Using this method the researcher was able to describe the social world under investigation without preconceived hypotheses. The researcher travelled interstate with each fan group, and collected data via participant observation and interviews with key informants. Data were coded using standard protocols for analysis of qualitative data (Spradley, 1980). The researcher read through the transcripts and field notes and coded all phrases and opinions from the manuscript. Data were analysed through the process of data reduction, selective sampling of the literature, and selected sampling of the data (Stern, 1980). From the initial codes, data reduction identified core variables and emergent themes. Through this grounded theory methodology, a conceptual model was developed which illustrates the motives and experiences of those who travel to follow professional sport teams. Three distinct types of groups were identified, each garnering a distinctive sport tourism experience. The groups identified were: supporter groups, long-term travel groups, and temporary travel groups. While travel to follow the team is the stated rationale for all three groups, the game experience for each is substantially different, four major themes emerged which distinguished the groups and the experiences that they had. These were: (1) group structure, (2) trip characteristics, (3) socialisation, and (4) game experience and reaction to game outcome. Each type of group was found to have a distinct group structure, communication pattern, but differed in terms of the objects to which they identified. Findings suggest that sport fans do not necessarily identify with the team or related object, but can identify with a smaller social group, which has a shared interest in the team. These elements of group structure and point of identification were found to have a reciprocal relationship with various travel elements that were utilised by each group including the mode of transport, temporal elements, choice of destination, and activities at the destination. In particular, the travel elements were chosen so that each group type could best express and experience that which is core to each group. Further analysis suggested that the experience of each of the groups was influenced by the continual development of the group both before and during the travel experience. For the supporter groups and long-term travel groups, rituals, symbols, and folklore played a key role in the experience. These elements of performance were used to continually shape and interpret the travel experience. One would expect that the game would have elevated importance, as it is the activity that legitimates each group. However, the on-field game did not have prime importance. Instead the different points of identification of each group were used as a basis through which the game was experienced. Key implications for sport and tourism marketing suggest that the sport tourism experience is more than an experience of place or an experience of watching the sport. Identification with a small social group is sufficient to generate travel to follow a team. By providing a setting which immerses participants in a particular identity for a prolonged period of time, the act of travelling itself can create a social climate that encourages participants to undertake the trip week after week, and form deep connection to the team. Implications for practice and future research directions are also discussed.
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Handermann, Rebecca [Verfasser]. "Improving Endurance Training in Neurorehabilitation through Competition / Rebecca Handermann." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1180023587/34.
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Bridgeman, Donald J. "The working relationship between horse and rider during training and competition for equestrian sports." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2009. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006533/.
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The working relationship between horses and riders is a unique association requiring cooperation between both to achieve the goals of humans in their selected equestrian sport. This dissertation chose the equestrian sports of eventing and dressage to investigate this working relationship between horse and rider, and its stability across training and competition settings. Consideration was given to psychological, physiological and behavioural factors for the human and horse. The research requiredthe development of a measure to indicate the harmony of the working relationship, which resulted in a rider and observer inventory, and of a physiological indicator of therelationship which became the correlation between the horse and rider heart rate and was called heart rate synchronisation. To examine reactive behavioural factors of the horse a horse Behaviour Check List was created, and to consider possible psychological factors implicated in this behaviour a Horse Temperament Inventory was developed.Anxiety was the psychological factor chosen to assess the rider, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2 and the Emotion and Mood Components of Anxiety – Questionnaire were used as its different components.It was hypothesized that there would be significant environmental differences between most factors with the competition environment showing evidence of lowerworking relationship scores, higher heart rates, higher rider anxiety, and more reactive horse behaviours. Horse temperament was considered to be a trait and therefore nodifferences were predicted. Negative relationships were hypothesized between the working relationship measures and rider anxiety components, horse temperament andcritical horse behaviours. A positive relationship was hypothesized between rider self confidence and the working relationship. Negative relationships were also predictedbetween rider anxiety, horse temperament and horse behaviour. No specific predictions were made regarding relationships between rider and horse heart rates and the other factors.In Study 1 with five eventing teams, results from Cohen’s d analyses of differences between means supported some hypotheses. A moderate to large effect size was found for rider’s somatic anxiety and heart rate being higher in the competition environment, but no significant effects were found for the rider’s cognitive anxiety and levels of self-confidence across environments. However, contrary to hypotheses, working relationship and the heart rate synchronisation factors had higher scores in thecompetition environment and showed a small and large effect size respectively. The horse’s temperament was also more positive in the competition environment, with theHorse Temperament Inventory – Rider (HTI-R) revealing a small effect size and the Horse Temperament Inventory – Observer (HTI-O) without the rider a large effect size,suggesting that it seems to be identifying a psychological state of the horse rather than the hypothesized temperament traits. The hypothesis regarding the horse and rider’s heart rate was also accepted as they also increased in the competition environment. The horse’s maximum heart rate and minimum heart rate showed a moderate effect size and a large effect size was found in the differences of the horse’s mean heart rate. Therider’s maximum heart rate and mean heart rate data also showed a large effect size and the rider’s minimum heart rate means showed a moderate effect size. Due to unforeseencircumstances and the low number of participants, the hypotheses could not be evaluated using inferential statistics. However, the patterns of the findings led to some modifications of methods and the selection of another equestrian sport for Study 2.The findings from Study 2 with thirty dressage teams indicate the working relationship between horse and rider was stable across environments during a dressagetest. The heart rate synchronisation analysis was able to identify significant relationships between most horse and rider teams during a dressage test in both the training and competition environments. At a group level the correlation between the horse and rider heart rates displayed a significant positive relationship in the training environment, but not in the competition environment. A t-test analysis found stabilityof the horse’s temperament across environments, suggesting that the Horse Temperament Inventory is measuring temperament traits. Also the rider’s somatic anxiety showed a significant increase in the competition environment, which was also reflected in the rider’s emotional experience of this anxiety. Unexpectedly the rider’s self-confidence was also significantly higher in the competition environment. However, no predicted associations were found between working relationship scores and heart rate synchronisation, or between these measures and horse and rider factors.The relationship between reactive horse misbehaviours and rider anxiety, and the team’s working relationship was analysed. A significant association was found between each of the rider’s and judge’s ratings of the working relationship and heart rate synchronisation with the horse’s misbehaviour scores in the competitionenvironment. The rider’s somatic anxiety also showed a significant association with the horse’s misbehaviour in both the training and competition environments. Significantrelationships were also found between horse misbehaviour and performance in both training and competition environments. To extend this investigation further adiscriminant function analysis was conducted to determine if the riders with levels of high and low cognitive and somatic anxiety could be categorised on the basis of horsetemperament. It revealed that riders with high and low levels of somatic anxiety could be categorised on the basis of the horse’s temperament score, whereas riders with high and low levels of cognitive anxiety could be classified on the basis of the horse’s heart rate means in the competition environment.Overall, the dissertation has significant methodological, conceptual and practical outcomes. It demonstrates possible self report, observational and physiologicalindicators to assess the horse-rider working relationship, and a reliable measure of horse temperament. It also addresses several speculations, assumptions and anecdotalreferences in the literature about the interactive association between horse and rider. Findings here point to significant associations between horse and rider psychology and physiology, and patterns of relationships that may indicate some relevance to theworking relationship, and ultimately performance.
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Veivers, Tracey R. "Correlates of competitive anxiety in a team sport /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17670.pdf.
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Lundqvist, Carolina. "Competing Under Pressure : State Anxiety, Sports Performance and Assessment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-984.
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Travis, Spencer Kyle, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael H. Stone, William A. Sands, and Caleb D. Bazyler. "Preparing for a National Weightlifting Championship: A Case Series." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5785.
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Preparing for a national weightlifting championship: A case series. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2019—This study aimed to characterize psychological, physiological, and performance changes of a high-level female (24.5 years; 53.8 ± 0.3 kg; 155.4 cm) and male (25.8 years; 92.7 ± 1.2 kg; 189 cm) weightlifter over 28 weeks while preparing for a national championship. Body mass, hydration, psychological inventories, serum biomarkers, vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and squat jump (SJ) performance were assessed weekly beginning 11 weeks from the competition date. Weightlifting performance goals were met for the female athlete (actual total = 159 kg) but not for the male athlete (actual total = 292 kg). Reductions in vastus lateralis CSA possibly took place the week leading into competition for both athletes. Both athletes reported positive recovery-stress states on the day of competition relative to baseline values. Fluctuations between steroid hormone concentrations and inflammatory markers were unpredictable and inconsistent for both athletes throughout the training program. Unloaded SJ height and rate of force development were the highest on competition day for both athletes. Based on these findings, it is possible for high-level male and female weightlifters to achieve and maintain peak preparedness 3–4 days before competition following a 1-week overreach and 3-week exponential taper, where training volume-load is reduced by half and intensity maintained or slightly increased relative to pretaper values. Furthermore, the short recovery and stress scale and SJ testing seem to be useful tools for sport scientists and coaches when monitoring high-level weightlifters preparing for competition.
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Link, Courtney Anne, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The use of mental imagery by aesthetic athletes prior to competition." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology and Physical Education, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2632.
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This study examined the influence of state-confidence on aesthetic athletes’
precompetitive imagery function use. Important individual differences effecting
functional imagery use require empirical confirmation. Proposed is state-confidence as a
factor influencing the functions of imagery used immediately prior to competition. Also,
sport type may also be a moderator of the relationship and thus, is constrained in this
study. Female aesthetic athletes from Southern Alberta (N = 180, Mage = 14.64, SD =
1.88) completed measures of state-confidence, imagery ability, and frequency of imagery
function use. One-way ANCOVA tests revealed that athletes with high state-confidence
used significantly more cognitive specific, cognitive general, motivation general-arousal,
and motivational general-mastery functions of imagery than low state-confident athletes.
Findings imply that applied sport psychology consultants should be more encouraging of
preparation strategies with low state-confident athletes.xi, 64 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm
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Griffiths, Robert Peter. "Cyber athletes identification, competition, and affect implication /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180009007.
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Lalor, Benita Jane. "Assessment of sleep characteristics of elite team sport athletes." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2021. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/2962d63aa9eb3419d831d5ce2293e05a56171b09c1f4c4bf4c7c6471eb62d941/12775643/Lalor_2021_Assessment_of_sleep_characteristics_of_elite.pdf.
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Despite the known restorative effects of sleep and the important role it may play in minimising fatigue and optimising adaptation from training, it has been suggested that athletes exhibit poorer sleep characteristics when compared to the general population. Whilst there have been investigations of the sleep characteristics exhibited during competition, analysis of the objective sleep characteristics of team sport athletes prior to and during important competition is limited, particularly in elite female athletes. In addition to the competition itself, there are a number of factors that may influence an athlete’s sleep. These include the training and competition schedule, phases of training and competition, internal and external training load, the athlete’s sleep environment, and domestic and international travel. However, the impact of a combination of these factors on objective sleep has rarely been explored in elite team sport athletes. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to investigate the objective sleep characteristics of elite male and female team sport athletes during competition. Three studies were conducted in a high performance sport environments to assess: (1) the impact of match start time and days relative to a match on sleep; (2) the relationships between sleep, training load and well-being; and (3) the impact of the quality and quantity of sleep obtained during a long-haul flight on competition sleep and perceptual measures including well-being and jetlag.
Study 1 assessed the objective sleep characteristics, via wrist worn actigraphy, of 45 elite male Australian Football (AF) players during the pre-season (habitual) and across four home matches during the competitive season. For each match start time, the 22 participants who were selected to play were assigned an activity monitor to be worn the night before (-1), night of (0), one night after (+1), and two nights after (+2) each match. Differences observed in sleep onset latency (ES=0.11 ± 0.16), sleep rating (ES=0.08 ± 0.14) and sleep duration (ES=0.08 ± 0.01) between competition and habitual periods were trivial. Sleep efficiency (%) was almost certainly higher during competition than habitual, however this was not reflected in the subjective rating of sleep quality. In many cases, the differences between match start times were trivial or unclear. The evening match start time, compared to all other start times, resulted in the clearest differences (e.g., evening matches had a likely longer sleep latency and almost certainly lower sleep efficiency). The differences in sleep characteristics based on days relative to the match were primarily trivial, however there were almost certain decreases in sleep duration for the night of the match compared to +1 and +2 nights post-match. The findings of this study indicated that, in general, elite AF competition does not appear to cause substantial disruption to sleep characteristics when compared to habitual sleep. Whilst the match start time had some impact on sleep variables, it appears that any match, regardless of match start time, may cause disruption to players’ sleep characteristics. The clearest disruption to AF players’ sleep occurred in the nights (+1 and +2) immediately following a match, which provides an ideal opportunity for intervention to optimise sleep and recovery. Importantly, the subjective ratings of sleep from shortened well-being questionnaires, used routinely in the high performance environment appear limited in their ability to accurately provide an indication of sleep quality.
It is recognised that numerous factors may influence the sleep characteristics of AF players, including player well-being and training and match day load. Nevertheless, the relationships between load, well-being and sleep prior to and following training and matches are not well understood.1 Study 2 assessed the association between objective sleep characteristics, self-reported measures of well-being and external load of 38 elite male AF players over a 15-day pre-season training period. External load was assessed during main field sessions and self-ratings of well-being were collected daily. Canonical correlations were moderate between pre training sleep and training load (r range = 0.32–0.49), pre training sleep and well-being (r = 0.32), and well-being and post training sleep (r = 0.36). Moderate-to-strong canonical correlations were observed between dimensions representing training load and post training sleep (r range = 0.31 to 0.67). Player Load TM (PL) and Player Load TM 2D (PL2D) showed the greatest association to pre and post training objective sleep characteristics and well-being. External load metrics PL and PL2D showed the greatest association between both objective sleep characteristics and well-being measures in AF players. This association was observed both prior to and following main AF training sessions. Fragmented sleep was associated with players completing the following training session with a higher PL2D, and increased wake bouts were associated with lower mood and higher soreness ratings. Our findings highlight that the relationship between objective sleep characteristics, training load and well-being are not defined by one measure (e.g., sleep duration). Instead, a complex interaction of sleep variables may influence both external load and the well-being of AF players. These findings have implications for practitioners, particularly when choosing variables to monitor AF players’ sleep to assist in the planning and evaluation of training.
The sleep characteristics for both Study 1 and 2 were assessed in players’ habitual sleep environments, however it is often a requirement for an elite team sport athlete to travel both domestically and internationally for competition.2-5 In order to investigate the impact of international travel on the sleep characteristics, well-being and performance of elite team sport athletes,6 the participant group for Study 3 was extended to elite female cricket players, as players are required to travel both domestically and internationally for competition. There have been no assessments of the objective in-flight sleep characteristics when athletes have the ability to lie flat whilst travelling in business class, however the difficulties of obtaining good quantity and quantity of sleep during long-haul travel are well documented,4,7 Study 3 assessed the impact of the quality and quantity of sleep during an international flight on subsequent objective sleep characteristics, training and match day load, self-reported well-being, and perceptions of jetlag in 11 elite female cricketers during an International Cricket Council T20 Women’s World Cup. To our knowledge, Study 3 is the first objective assessment of the in-flight sleep of elite team sport athletes seated in business class during an international flight. The results of Study 3 indicate that maximising the opportunity for in-flight sleep quality and quantity by planning the team departure time and business class seat selection appear to benefit elite female cricket players’ recovery and sleep exhibited during competition. The quality of sleep obtained in-flight had an impact on the self-reported measures of fatigue during the tournament. Players with a lower in-flight sleep efficiency reported higher levels of fatigue during the tournament. Study 2 highlighted that fragmented sleep prior to a main training session was associated with lower ratings of mood and increased ratings of soreness. This further supports that the quality and quantity of in-flight sleep may have had a positive impact on an athlete’s overall well-being and readiness to train upon arrival at the international competition destination. The preservation of both the sleep quality and quantity during long-haul travel may also be an important strategy to manage jetlag.3,8 Players that slept for longer during the flight presented with minimal perceptions of jetlag and this was maintained across the monitoring period. In contrast, players with lower in-flight sleep duration reported some perceptions of jetlag, which improved two days after arrival at the destination. It is acknowledged that the financial constraints of travelling business class may be a limitation for elite team sporting organisations, however the investment to achieve sleep quality and quantity similar to habitual values prior to an important international competition may outweigh the costs associated with the alternative approach of an arriving days earlier (e.g., accommodation) to facilitate recovery from travel.
In summary, the three studies in this thesis add to the knowledge of the objective sleep characteristics of elite male and female team sport athletes exhibited during competition. Our findings demonstrate that the sleep characteristics during competition are not compromised when compared to habitual. However, the habitual characteristics were not optimal, providing the greatest opportunity for intervention. The findings provide high performance practitioners and coaches with information to assist with the implementation of individualised and team strategies to optimise the sleep, well-being and performance of elite team sport athletes. Furthermore, preserving the sleep quality and quantity during international travel should be considered when planning travel and training upon arrival at the international competition destination.
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Konings, M. J. "Pacing and opponents : the regulation of exercise intensity during competition." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22288/.
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The goal-directed regulation of the exercise intensity over an exercise bout has been shown to be an essential determinant for performance. During their competition, exercisers are required continuously to make decisions about how and when they are going to invest their limited available energy resources. The regulation of the exercise intensity is an intriguing area of sport science research, and a complex one as demonstrated by the multitude of different theories regarding pacing that are around attempting to explain how this is done. Previous research revealed optimal pacing strategies in time trial exercise and the importance of feedback regarding the internal bodily state. The present thesis adds onto this knowledge by highlighting the external world around the exerciser and its effect on pacing. This has been done by focusing on arguably the most important external variable in competitions: the opponent. It has been shown how opponents could invite exercisers to adjust their pacing behaviour in real-life competitions and in controlled laboratory situations. Moreover, it has been illustrated that even the same opponent could evoke different pacing responses and alter the information-seeking behaviour, depending on the competitive situation that is presented towards the exerciser. It has been demonstrated how an accumulation of preceding race efforts could impact the pacing and performance of elite athletes during their competition. Finally, the reciprocal interaction in pacing decision-making between the effect of an opponent and the internal state of the exerciser was demonstrated, providing novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of exercise regulation. The present findings of this thesis emphasizes the importance of what is happening around the exerciser for the outcome of the decision-making process involved in pacing, and highlight the necessity to incorporate human-environment interactions into models that attempt to explain the regulation of exercise intensity.
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Murray, Ryan. "North American Professional Sport: Exploring Competition Time and its Effect on Valuation, Revenue and Profitability." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31995.
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This thesis examines if there is a relationship between competition time and team valuation, revenue and profitability in North American professional sport. The leagues examined were the major four in North America and include the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, the National Hockey League and the National Football League. Using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a guide, appropriate literature of the four BSC categories was reviewed. The four categories of the BSC include Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes and Learning and Growth. Conceptual models for team valuation, revenue and profitability were constructed using the BSC as a framework. In order to construct the three conceptual models 51 professional sport research variables were identified as useful to this framework. The data was collected over a ten-year period for the seasons 2003/2004-2012/2013. A series of statistical analyses were examined with regression analyses revealed three distinct models for the three dependent variables. It was found that competition time has a significant impact on all three dependent variables. The results from this study will help league executives in creating new strategies for revenue growth and other financial gains. Future research will work towards creating more competition time variables that will aid in determining the proper amount of competition time that needs to be played by each league to maximize league finances.
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Kameniščáková, Ida. "Aplikace komunitárního práva na oblast sportu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4349.
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Sports used to be the only way to enjoy oneself and to spend free time. Today it rather represents business and an important part of all economies around the world. That is why the European community law includes the sports indirectly in three areas: - the community market of the European union, - the economic competition of the EU, - coordinated policies of the EU. The key role of the entire diploma thesis plays the decision of the European Court in the case Bosman in 1995.
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Gérard, Mamoudou. "Sports et changements socio-culturels au Bénin : cas du Borgou." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10279.
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Ce travail pose le probleme de l'integration d'une forme specifique de pratique physique occidentale, le sport de competition, dans un pays africain (le benin) ancienne colonie francaise. La question centrale vise les roles et les significations du sport moderne (a travers sa dimension sport de performance) dans une region ou persistent encore les pesanteurs sociologiques des societes mi-traditionnelles mi-modernes africaines. Le sport moderne semble se developper comme un corps etranger dans une societe ou l'insertion dans le groupe et la logique de l'informel sont fortement cultivees. A travers sa diffusion, la logique sportive releve de l'action d'une minorite (une elite). Cette logique s'impose au detriment des pratiques traditionnelles corporelles. Ce travail met egalement en exergue l'opposition entre les regions du pays. Les effets de regulation face aux usages sociaux du corps, parfois convergents, aprfois contradictoires avec les religions: islam, christianisme et animisme
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Mantle, Hugh. "The examination of selected physiological and psychological parameters in the preparation of elite slalom canoeists for an Olympic competition." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263971.
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Wong, Yee-man Bonny. "Adolescents' physical activity competition between perceived neighborhood sport facilities and home media resources /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085696.
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Bock, Susan. "The application of goal orientation theory to structured youth sport settings." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368410.
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Carone, Soares Fernanda. "Realidade da olimpíada colegial do estado de São Paulo (OCESP) em relação ao discurso presente na educação física acerca da competição escolar = estudo da região leste de Campinas." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274738.
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Orientador: Paulo Cesar MontagnerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:05:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CaroneSoares_Fernanda_M.pdf: 18987549 bytes, checksum: fcdd6d9dd9e6ccd5d83784e184b545ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Tendo como tema de pesquisa a Olimpíada Colegial da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Estado de São Paulo: estudo da Região Leste de Campinas, tem-se como proposta apresentar discussões e realidades encontradas nos diferentes documentos gerados pela investigação e arquivos da última década sobre o assunto. Alguns questionamentos surgiram durante o percurso de sistematização do conteúdo do estudo: qual o comprometimento dos organizadores para que se cumpram os objetivos definidos para esses jogos? Quem são os personagens que vivenciam e colaboram nos jogos para que permaneçam vivos e qual a realidade encontrada nos jogos? A pesquisa atentou ao fato de como a Olimpíada Colegial vem sendo realizada e qual a sua influência na Educação Física da Rede Estadual de Ensino. Considerando as relações que envolvem as diferentes abordagens da Educação Física escolar e a competição esportiva e visando construir um referencial teórico de sustentação para tratamento desse tema, apresentaremos reflexões sobre esses dois assuntos. Nos objetivos, fazer um levantamento da Realidade da OCESP mediante documentos, arquivos, estudos e opinião de participantes e analisar sua relação com o discurso presente na Educação Física Escolar acerca da competição na região Leste da cidade de Campinas. Ressalta-se que a partir da análise da trajetória da Olimpíada Colegial, pretende-se discutir e refletir sobre sua organização, envolvimento nas aulas de Educação Física escolar e prática pedagógica, caracterizando a relevância da competição esportiva escolar e a intervenção do profissional de Educação Física nesse processo. Como plano metodológico, a proposta da pesquisa está assim delineada: (1) pesquisa documental nos registros existentes na Diretoria de Ensino Leste de Campinas e (2) utilização da metodologia da pesquisa de campo com personagens que vivenciam os torneios colegiais visando buscar as diferenças entre os discursos e a realidade da OCESP. Quanto aos documentos, o que encontramos nos arquivos foram resultados de jogos, regulamentos dos torneios (regras, sistema de disputa entre outros), dados quantitativos do número de alunos, modalidades oferecidas e escolas participantes. A obtenção e análise os dados foram relacionados ao referencial teórico deste estudo e com as entrevistas realizadas através dos questionários com envolvidos nesses eventos, possibilitaram uma discussão teórica e inferências mais aprofundadas sobre o caso da Olimpíada Colegial em Campinas.
Abstract: This essay has as a subject a research about the Public High School Olympics (HSO) in the city of Campinas in the State of São Paulo. The proposal of this essay is to present discussions and realities found in several documents and files of the last decade about this theme. Some issues have arisen during the systematization of the content of the study: What is the commitment of the organizers to fulfill the objectives defined for these games? Who are the people that participate and collaborate to the HSO in other to remain alive that experience and what is the reality found in these games? This search will look at how the HSO has been expressing itself and how it influences on the physical education of Public High Schools. Considering the relations involving the different approaches of physical education and school sports competition, and in order to build a theoretical support for solving problems on this issue, we present reflections on these two subjects. As objectives, building theoretical connections from studies, thesis and documents about the school games, school competition and opinions collected through questionnaires filled by the participants in the city of Campinas. From the analysis of the High School Olympics trajectory, we intent to discuss and reflect on their organization, historic process, involvement in school physical education classes and pedagogical practice, characterizing the relevance of school sports competition and professional intervention in this process of physical education. As a methodological plan, the research proposal is thus outlined: (1) documental search on the East Campinas Educational Directory records and (2) the use of field research methodology of people that participated on the process of the High School tournaments to fetch the differences between the words and the reality of OCESP. In relation to the documents what we have found in the files were results of games, tournament regulations (rules, systems of dispute between others), quantitative data on the number of students, offering modalities and participating schools. The data collection and analysis were related to theoretical referential of this study and with interviews through questionnaires answered by the people involved in these events, enable a theoretical discussion and further inferences about the case of High School Olympics in Campinas.
Mestrado
Ciencia do Desporto
Mestre em Educação Física
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Theron, Nicolas Charle. "Medical conditions and illness in elite football players during international competition." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9034.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-128).Background: Previous clinical research of football players participating in international tournaments has mainly focussed on documentation of injuries and risk factors for injury. However, despite anecdotal evidence that medical symptomatology, illness and medical complaints are common during travel to international competitions, the epidemiology of medical conditions before, during or after elite level football tournaments, has not been well documented. Objective: The aims of the research presented in this dissertation were: 1) to determine the prevalence of medical conditions in elite football players 2) to determine the incidence and nature of medical conditions and illness in the elite football players participating in an international tournament (2009 FIFA Confederations Cup tournament) and 3) to provide data for the medical planning and management of elite football players during future events. Methods: The first component of this dissertation consisted of a comprehensive review of the current literature describing the prevalence and incidence of medical conditions and illness in athletes. The original research component of this dissertation consisted of two parts, and both studies were conducted during the FIFA Confederations Cup tournament, which was held in South Africa in June 2009. All the players in the 8 participating teams (23 players per team – a total of 184 players) were approached by the FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) through their team physicians and invited to participate as research subjects in the studies. Part 1 (descriptive cross-sectional study): Prior to the tournament, all the players completed a previously validated medical history and illness questionnaire. Furthermore, the questionnaire contained sections on player demographics, training history, medication and supplement use, life-style history, family history of atopy, current and past history of medical conditions and detailed sections pertaining to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), allergies, asthma, exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) and history of previous surgery. Part 2 (prospective cohort study): During the 15 days of the tournament each team physician was requested to complete a daily injury, medical illness and treatment log for each player. Finally, data on the environmental conditions at each venue were collected, as recorded by the South African Weather Service. Results: The main findings in part 1 of this study were: 1) exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) was the most prevalent medical condition reported, with 64 (46%) of the players reporting a history of EAMC, 2) the prevalence of allergy was 27 (20%) and asthma 6 (4%), 3) the prevalence of dermatological conditions was 16 (12%), 4) the prevalence of gastro-intestinal conditions was 10 (7%) and central nervous system conditions was 6 (4%), 5) URTI one week before the tournament was reported by 7 (5%) of the players, 6) 68 (49%) of the players reported a history of previous surgery and 7) 72 (52%) of the players reported the use of supplements or vitamins and 11 (8%) the use of medication. Knee surgery was the most common anatomical area operated with 33 (24%) of the players reporting previous knee surgery. This was followed by a much lower prevalence of ankle surgery, 8 (6%). In part 2 of the study, a total of 56 injuries and 35 illnesses were recorded during the tournament. The main findings in this study were: 1) an overall injury rate of 64.4 injuries per 1000 match hours or 2.1 injuries per match, 2) an overall rate of 2.7 injuries and 1.7 illnesses per 100 player days, 3) that 0.88 days were lost per injury and 0.46 days were lost per illness, 4) the lower limb was the most commonly injured body part, 5) 11 (20%) of the injuries reported were to the thigh, 6) 15 (44%) of the injuries reported were due to a contusion, 6) 13 (37%) of the illnesses reported were due to ENT conditions, and 7) 7 (20%) were due to respiratory tract symptoms. Summary and conclusion: Illness and injury are common during an international football tournament. The pattern of injury was similar to that previously reported. However, the novel finding of this dissertation was that illness is a significant component to the medical care to a travelling team and needs to be considered by team physicians managing the medical needs of elite football teams.
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Wong, Yee-man Bonny, and 黃綺文. "Adolescents' physical activity: competition between perceived neighborhood sport facilities and home media resources." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085696.
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Melville, Sarah. "The UK School Games and the competition structure of selected participating sports : a study of policy implementation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10805.
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The UKSG was a government-funded initiative that provided a high-quality, multi-sport event for the UK s elite young athletes of school age over a six-year period. At time of investigation, the event addressed six objectives (both developmental and operational in focus) through eight Olympic sports. Operational targets ensured that athletes were selected to compete at the UKSG. Developmental targets were indirectly linked to the event and made use of the UKSG profile to drive forward other youth related projects, such as the National Competition Framework (NCF). This study explored the outcomes of these objectives, whilst understanding the relationship between the Youth Sport Trust (YST) and eight sports, and locating the implementation of the UKSG within a broader analysis of the policy process for youth / school sport. The study utilized various policy process and implementation concepts to support analysis of findings. In particular, bottom-up and top-down theories of policy implementation and the advocacy coalition framework, policy networks and multiple streams approaches proved particularly useful as heuristic devices or useful points of comparison in the analysis of stages of policy process. The findings from the three case study sports (supported by the data collected from the five other investigated sports) made for interesting conclusions in relation to the three research questions: 1). What are the key impacts of the UKSG on the competition structures of the eight sports? 2). What is the relationship between the key organisations involved in the UKSG and the NCF? And 3). What is the perceived role of each of the organisations involved in the UKSG and the NCF? Through investigating the eight sports approach to the six UKSG objectives, empirical evidence was collected that related specifically to the sport s approach to youth competition and their newly established NCF (objectives two and three). Evidence identified these objectives as the most challenging of the six to address, due to the looseness of their definition and scope for reinterpretation across and within the sport organisations. With this flexibility came differences in inter-organisational power (between home country NGBs and School Sport Associations) and therefore policy implementation. This inevitably led to mismatches in policy expectations of the YST and policy outcomes delivered by the sports. The study moves on to reveal that the six UKSG objectives proved capable of challenging, and in some cases, changing NGB behavior, albeit through several different implementation approaches. In particular, the UKSG was a programme that supported the positive development of home country NGB and School Sport Association communication and working practices.
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Nunes, Paula Alexandra Jacinta. "Sagres beer and its sponsorship strategy: will Sagres score with Sport Lisboa e Benfica?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10292.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsIn the last day of 2008, Sagres signed a “long-term” sponsorship contract with Sport Lisboa e Benfica that reinforced the support of the beer brand to football, as well as, to one of the greatest Portuguese sports clubs. This case reviews Sagres’ search for leadership in the Portuguese beer market along with its strategy of association with football. It focuses on understanding Sagres’ gains and the implications for the dynamics of the Portuguese beer market.
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Liang, Yapu [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hohmann. "Pressure in Elite Youth Soccer Competition in Germany and China / Yapu Liang ; Betreuer: Andreas Hohmann." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215179359/34.
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Granlund, Zakarias, and Henrik Persson. "Ledares syn på avhopp inom ungdomsishockey : En kvalitativ studie bland ledare i Norrbotten om vilka faktorer som påverkar avhopp." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93453.
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Dropout among youth players is a problem in Swedish icehockey. Leaders in youth hockey teams work closely with players on an almost everyday basis during season and have a big influence on players and their activities. This study aims to identify possible reasons for dropouts by interviewing coaches and leaders in icehockey clubs. A total of eight coaches and leaders in different ice hockey clubs were interviewed. Results show that the coaches highlight three reasons for early dropout; focus on competition, results and too much training in younger ages.
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Wang, Ya-Yi, and 王雅薏. "The Study Of Sports Competitions And Characters." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26491685429452899936.
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碩士國立體育大學
體育推廣學系碩士班
101
This study aimed to explore the meaning of sports characters, the correlation between sports competitions and positive / negative characters, and improvement strategy of the negative behavior. Using document analysis and semi-structured interviews to explore the sports competitions with performance of positive characters and behavior of negative characters, and then summed to improve the negative behavior strategy. The results are as follows: First, the sports characters including respect, serious, fair, obedience, law-abiding, responsible, honest, friendship, mutual assistance, cooperation, courage, determination, self-discipline, loyalty, justice, sacrifice, good deeds, compassion, diligence, empathy, caring, face setbacks, purity, discipline, reflection, persistence, pursuit of excellence, polite, focused, inclusive, friendly; most important ones discipline, respect and obey the law. Second, characters development through sports to develop, sports and positive charaters performance are closely related. Sports competitions in the process, easy to cultivate the spirit of teamwork, stick fighting in the end perseverance, the courage to face difficult challenges, etc., in the sports arena, winning the game, more importantly, to win the respect of all. Third, doping, violence, gambling and bribery, crime and anti-sportsmanship negative behavior, are all violations of the most important sports charaters connotation ─ self-discipline, respect, and obey the law. During sports, self-restraint and respect for all things in the game, and can abide by the law, will be able to restrain the negative behavior. Fourth, improve the negative behavior strategy: creating good environment ─ know the sports characters connotation, discuss sports charaters behavior; foster learning model ─ physical education teachers and sports coaches set a good example, imitate star athletes.
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Fang, Chong-Ren, and 方崇任. "Research on Inclination for Watching Sports Competitions via Tablet Computer." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28734029097040483886.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
體育學系碩士班
100
This research is intended to explore consumers’ inclination for watching sports competitions via tablet computers and examine the effect of variables which affect the acceptance of watching sports competitions via tablet computers (media richness, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, compatibility, and personal innovativeness related traits) on the attitude and use of tablet computers to watch sports competitions. There are a total of 402 effective questionnaires. The results show that all variables have significant positive effects. The constructs of attitude and personal innovativeness related traits have positive impact on consumers’ use of tablet computers to watch sports competitions. Among them, attitude of use has the greatest impact. The perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, and compatibility are positively correlated with the attitude of use with statistical significance; media richness is also positively correlated with the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use with statistical significance; moreover, there is significant positive correlation between the perceived enjoyment and the attitude of use. Finally, recommendations and future research interests of marketing strategies are offered to serve as references for tablet computer manufacturers and scholars.
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Phillips, Kathryn E. "An Examination of the Factors Determining the Performance of Cyclists in Elite Competitions." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42244/.
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A key objective of sports performance research is to provide team managers, coaches, and athletes seeking to improve performance with information on the attributes that contribute to or predict overall success, yet the determinants of performance in actual competition remain an under-examined and under-theorised field. The focus of this thesis is an exploration of these determinants, particularly in the more complex races that permit opponent interaction.
The rationale and theoretical framework for the thesis is outlined in Chapter 1, where I explain how it is underpinned by concepts from ecological dynamics, utilising a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research approach, first to quantify the changes in cyclist performance in increasingly complex racing environments, followed by a qualitative investigation to explain and elaborate on the potential mechanisms underpinning these changes. In the initial quantitative analyses (Chapters 2 and 3), linear mixed modelling of race results was used to examine changes in the variability and predictability of elite track cyclists' performances between solo time trials and race events involving direct interaction with competitors. In Chapter 2, cyclists’ performances in the three solo time-trials and three mass-start race events that comprise the overall Omnium competition were investigated. The reproducibility of performance in the mass-start events was lower than in the solo events. In Chapter 3, Match Sprint tournaments provided performance measures in a qualifying time trial and subsequent head-to-head racing. Qualifying time-trial performance largely determined success in head-to-head racing, but there was evidence of unknown factors modifying cyclists’ chances of success. In Chapter 4, a systematic narrative review was undertaken, in which published findings on the determinants of cyclists’ behaviours and chances of success in elite competition were collated and synthesised. Key findings were grouped and used to shape a conceptual framework of the determinants of performance. A qualitative research approach was adopted for Chapters 5 and 6, wherein semi-structured interviews with 15 elite cyclists from three racing disciplines were used to explore potential factors underpinning the results in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Transcribed text of the interviews was examined using thematic inductive content analysis to develop initial themes, which were cross-validated with results from Chapter 4. Chapter 5 focused on the changes in the perceptions and practices of cyclists between solo time trials and race events with direct interaction between opponents. In Chapter 6, other themes of the thematic content analysis are combined with results from each prior study to propose an initial systems model of elite cycling performance, summarising the dimensions, features and mechanisms identified throughout this thesis. Final concluding statements, including the practical applications, limitations and possible future directions of this work are made in Chapter 7.
In this thesis, I have demonstrated the advantages of combining research techniques and drawing on research across a range of scientific disciplines in order to enrich our understanding of competitive performance in some cycling disciplines. Research on competitive performance in other sports characterised by complex environments could benefit from this mixed-methods approach.
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Rodrigues, Wilson Ricardo Fernandes. "Um ano a crescer: os Belenenses SAD." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/5456.
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Orientação: Jorge CasteloO presente relatório tem por objectivo relatar, de forma reflexiva, o meu estágio referente ao 2º ano do Mestrado em Treino Desportivo na vertente de Alto Rendimento da Universidade Lusófona Humanidades e Tecnologias. Ao longo do estágio profissional, aprendi conteúdos relacionados com o treino e competição que me vão permitir uma melhor intervenção na minha carreira como profissional de Desporto. Numa primeira fase, foi feita uma adaptação da minha parte ao clube conhecendo toda a equipa técnica assim como toda a estrutura organizativa do clube. Em seguida, foi feita a constituição da equipa bem como a adaptação a todos os jogadores. A fase de maior importância foi em competição, onde foi realizada a maior parte da recolha de dados que nos permitiu saber se o planeamento inicial estava ajustado ou não às reais capacidades da equipa. Por fim, foi realizado um relatório descrevendo as principais características de cada jogador e, ao mesmo tempo, alguns aspectos da equipa técnica, com o objectivo de ser este o ponto de partida para a próxima época desportiva.
This report aims to a reflexive form of reporting, my internship for the 2nd year Master of Sports Training in the area of High Yield of Universidade Lusófona Humanidades e Tecnologias. During the traineeship I have learned contents related to training and competition, which will allow me to have a greater intervention in my career as a professional sport. As a first step, an adjustment was made on my part to the Club by knowing the entire technical team as well as all the organisational structure of the Club. Then was made the team's Constitution as well as an adaptation to all athletes. The phase of deeper importance was in competition, where were made the most of data collection and allowed us to know if the initial planning was adjusted or not according to the actual capabilities of the team. Finally a report detailing the main features of each player and at the same time some aspects of the technical team, with the aim of this being the base for the next season.