Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sports – Aspect religieux – Liban'
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Nseir, Georges. "Des communautés et des sports au Liban : enjeux des regroupements sportifs et des rencontres intercommunautaires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG047.
Full textAccording to a common opinion held in Western countries, the Instituted Sport would be a school of learning, sense of community, solidarity, sharing and rules of life; in short, it will socialize young people by integrating them into society. This research draws our attention to the forms of socialization that Lebanese society offers to “athletes”. If the act of thinking about sport first, as a non-political and, secondly, as a passion shared by all of the youth did not start today, this question reads differently in Lebanon, a country that has suffered from internal and regional conflicts for over 500 years. Politically and socially organized in ‘’community’’, Lebanon offer thereby a faith-based political model that permeates daily life, including the sports world. Each community is governed by a specific authority, ruled by its institutions and submitted to a court composed of independent members from the religious hierarchy, in which the state has recognized the jurisdiction to enforce its laws and customs. Tested in the field, the finding is yet to put into perspective. The survey reveals that the communal cleavages deeply affect the management bodies of sports federations and cause a religious breakdown in the management of committees. However, in sport as in other area of social life, the community is never “pure” and there are also inter-community coalitions in order to gain the sport’s power. Starting from a macro-sociological approach, the thesis propose to study the communal consolidation in the associative sport through two monographs club conducted in Beirut in order to analyze the sectarian dynamic: le Riyadi (Sporting club), a Muslim religious ruling, and for Christians, La Sagesse club. Sociological analysis shows two micro societies that practice sport in “between the self” format, but at the same time, have an opening at the inter-communal stage
Haykal, Rayan. "Du monopole de l'Etat sur le statut des personnes à la reconnaissance mutuelle des normes religieuses en matière de droit civil : Une alternative à la laïcité." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020068.
Full textHaïdar, Loubna. "La communauté islamo-ši'ite de Baalbeck et la mort." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H006.
Full textThis work is situated in an anthropological and ethnological view anthropological because we tried to bring out the human behavior facing death. It means that we had to put back the specificity of the subject, the si'isme, in a universal process which respond to the collective unconscious developed by the hole humanity facing the dissolvent power of death, ethnological because we had to carry out the subject in Baalbek. We have and analyzed the different expressions of death. But the si'it's community have more than a definite ritually behavior. Each year they celebrate during ten days the death. This celebration is very intensive because they celebrate the slaughter of the third Iman Huseyn, the nephew of the prophet. This practical or ritual expression and theoretical expression (it means their conception in function of their schema of thoughts) will allow them to find again the meaning and the continuity of death and the dead-man on a symbolic and transcendental level
Saneh, Lina. "La crise du théâtre au Liban entre le politique et le religieux." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030074.
Full textThere is a big difference between the fact that theatre is in crisis and that representation is impossible to actualize. The first part of this study presents the historical and polemic conditions behind the emergence of theatre in Lebanon and the Arab world, the concrete problems of identity, authenticity and modernity with wich Arab artists have been confronted since the very beginning of their practice and the causes for the historical lack of theatre in this region. But beyond such discourse, wouldn't the crisis of theatre be due to the positioning of our artists towards theatre, the world and communal life as well? The second part of the study is about specific questions such as: Couldn't the study of the auto-reflective plays' themes to which several Lebanese artists resort (such as the critique of theatre and power) isolate internal contradictions that impede the actualization of representation? Isn't a religious and archaic vision of the surrounding world in contradiction with this political and " laic " practice that theatre is?
Makhlouf, Issa. "La mort violente au Liban : expérience et expression (de 1975 à nos jours)." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H083.
Full textAfter a twelve year war, Lebanon is a torn country. Since 1975, Lebanon has become synonymous with death and violence. We proposed to study the violent death in this country: its daily manifestations and its repercussions in the cultural field. Our study is divided in three parts : in the first one, we have bent over the example of Beirut where happened all the dissensions and suffering. Here we start on the problems which are related to the survival of Beirut and its inhabitants, especially the subject of refuges. As the capital, Beirut constituted the underground of all interior migration movements in Lebanon. So, we study here the influences on the Lebanese demography. Then, we tried to review the final toll of violence which is manifested in beirut as well as in the other regions in Lebanon : hostages, torture, massacre, trapped-cars, "franc-tireur", rape, suicide, etc. . . Just as the mentality changing by the eruption of hate and the extreme results of war on the individuals. The second part is consecrated to the study of "the magical-religions dimension in war". On making a clean sweep of the norms which govern Lebanese life before 1975, war has awaken religions attitudes which touched the irrational: martyrdom, chief, immortality, multiplication of "miracles" and daily ritualism. In the third part, we study "the influence of the war on the expression and creating ways". We tried to make a fascination analysis trained by picture, and more generally, the ways by which picture and works try to realize war; this rests on two methods : inforation and sublimation. So, our work is an anthropological approach of the violent death in his plurality, and of war which proceeds to a total inversion of values
Bocquet-Birchler, Anne. "Concours sportifs et autres jeux exécutés au cours des fêtes religieuses hittites." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040216.
Full textAmong the numerous Hittite texts describing religious festivals, some of them mention entertainment rituals like athletic contests and mummer s plays. After the cuneiform tablets copies and other publications, texts are gathered, transliterated and translated. The aim of this survey is to ask and to try answering questions about their finalities: are they nothing but a propitiatory entertainment given to deities? Do they take a special part, a religious or a profane one? Beyond conscious purposes, don t they have latent functions too? An exam of the contexts in which they occur, replacements of these rituals in the Hittite culture are the tools used by the author
Azhari, Valérie. "L'invention du système multiconfessionnel au Liban." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0020.
Full textLebanon is located in the Middle East area, in the cross-roads of the civilizations, whereby on his littoral are located a chain of mountains (The Mount Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon), forming a fertile passage between Europe and Africa. This forced passage whereby passed through merchant caravans, invasions, and exchanges between several countries, Lebanon was apt, and since the first formed civilizations, to compound with regional forces and at the same time, to serve as a shelter, in this sanctuary formed by the mountains of Mount Lebanon, for any oppressed social group, whether ethnic, cultural, or religious. Since the nineteen century, the Mount Lebanon implements a confessional administrative regime. In fact, Druze and Maronite that form the two communities of the mountain, shared the governance of the “princedom” under the so-called regime of “Moutassarifiah”. On 1920, the Big-Lebanon was born. Since that period, there were many communities that lived together in this young country. The Lebanese people remain under the French mandate until year 1943. During that year, the Lebanese people thought that the time came to be detached from the French tutelary. Hence, the men of independence will install in place a model of governance whereas several communities will share the command and the administration by mean of a social pact that bind together the multiconfessional system. But this system seemed to be a fragile one as time passed. The interest of each community will, a little by little, impede the cohabitation. The national pact will weaken and will crumble until it will explode on year 1975, the date that marked the beginning of war which ended on 1990
Moussallem, Walid. "Les problèmes du pouvoir politique dans le Liban pluriconfessionnel de 1943 à nos jours." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040051.
Full textHow was political power utilized in Lebanon from 1943 through the outbreak of the civil war in 1975? What were the causes of both political and social disintegration? Our comprehensive study of Lebanese political power focuses on an analysis of the social structures and of those cultural and ideological conflicts, which literally tore the country apart. We have attempted to explain those distortions, which affected not only the nature of political power in the country, but also its ability to fulfil its very function. These are phenomenons which also brought on a general sense of pandemonium, thereby hampering activity in both the public and private sectors, the "friend-enemy" dialectic, as well as the quality of internal and relations. Based on our political and philosophical approach to the question, we have come up with a new concept of political power in Lebanon, which centres on a reconciliation between the norms of the modern state and the needs demands of the various community groups in Lebanon
Haidar-Raheel, Wafaa. "La dimension religieuse dans le mariage au Liban." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10002/document.
Full textEighteen religious communities co-habit in Lebanon. Each one of those communities has its own set of family laws as well as its own religious courts that handle and settle all of the conflicts arising between their followers. The current set of laws adopted and applied by each community fails to resolve many of the newly arising conflicts especially those related to the personal statute of their followers. For example, we can state the problems of divorce, women's repudiation, polygamy, temporary marriage, the matrimonial qualification of women, the conflicts between the communities' judicial competences, the problems related to inter-religious marriage, as well as many other recurring problems all of which can either never tolerate being unsettled or are tired of waiting for decades to be resolved. Unfortunately, in Lebanon, where civil marriage is still not applied, the individual has no clear definition beyond the boundaries of his community. What yet still needs to be known is how such an individual will be capable of functioning properly and effectively inside a system in which the national identity is only seen through the eyes of one's religious beliefs.Civil marriage in Lebanon represents the only resort to those who never believe in religious marriage and to even those who do but still feel unsecure due to the lack of the proper, clear, strict, adequate conflict resolution measures. The rehabilitation and renewal of the currently applied laws is indeed an obligation to every religious representative and chief. The Lebanese are aware of that and longing for such an evolution
Zakkour, Mouhamad. "La responsabilité de l'exécutif dans la constitution Libanaise après les accords de Taëf." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131002.
Full textOne of the most important reasons within the constitution of 1926 causing a problem in the practice of power in Lebanon was the imbalance between the powers and responsibilities in each position of the executive power. The powers of the President of the republic were so extensive that he controlled the whole political life not being responsible for any of his acts except for the violation of the constitution and the high treason. Only the President of the Council of Ministers was responsible for his acts in practicing the power. In addition to this imbalance between the capacities of the executive powers there was the political sectarianism that controlled the political and constitutional life by giving the Maronites the presidency and the Sunnites the chairmanship of the Council of Ministers. All this has led to a civil war that lasted fifteen years and ended in 1989 by the meeting of Lebanese leaders in the city of Taif in Saudi Arabia to conclude a treaty that ended the civil war and amended the old constitution to give birth to a new constitution restoring the balance between all confessions. But, twenty years after the Taif Agreement, the political sectarianism has not been resolved and instead it was more rooted. Can the Lebanese political system continue to operate in a normal way while the constitutional and political sectarianism continues to control the system and its constitutional institutions?
Villeneuve, Cecile. "Le "faire famille" au Liban : récit d'une enquête ethnographique par apparentement." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0179.
Full textThis PhD research analyses "facts of kinship" in the Lebanese multi-confessional context. It questions the issue of filiation and its relation to the religious, the social or the community, in a restricted territory where the personal status is the responsibility of each religious community. It raises the question of whether the coexistence of diverse family models lies in the plural forms of filiation’s establishment or, conversely, on a common ethos shared by Lebanese families on “making family”. This thesis first focuses on the issue of abandoned children. By giving us access to its archives, one of the oldest religious congregation in Beirut allowed us to collect and analyse data on a century of activity (1852-1953). This analysis provides information on the management of disaffiliation, children’s placement and adoption in the particular historical and geographical context of Lebanon: from its Ottoman domination to its independent status, through a French mandate that redrawn its borders. It, therefore, informs on a geographical and cultural area where the knowledge on the subject is limited. The second part of this thesis is an observation on the “search of the origins” and its implications: reunion, “reconnection” or creation of relationship with the family of origin. The biographical elements open the discussion on the place of the author as both author-researcher and object of his research. Overall, the narrative of this journey is at the crossroads of reflexive ethnography and the anthropology of kinship. We have qualified it as an inquiry "by relatedness", to designate a posture that goes beyond the double movement of "familiarization" and "distancing"
Māǧid, Ziyād. "The decline of consociationalism : the case of Lebanon." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0073.
Full textThe consociational democracy system in Lebanon is no longer capable of avoiding and managing crises for many reasons that are internal and external. Among these reasons are the changes in the elites (especially of the Maronites, Sunnis and Shiites) and their characteristics, the important demographic development and the modification of the confessional ratios, the transformation of the “veto right” into a hampering factor in every critical aspect of the political life, and the excess in the armed Hezbollah’s power. To these factors are added the external pressures and the weakness of national consenses towards the region’s axes and conflicts. Nevertheless, given its success in freezing the political system and its shares, given the institutionalization of vertical divisions on the basis of their exclusive representation of political groupings, and given the attachment of most forces to the power-sharing principle, consociationalism cannot be overcome easily. This by itself is a sign of both its strength and weakness: It does not function properly, but it cannot be overcome. In fact, all confessional political forces, consider it a guarantee to block any attempt by one ruling alliance at imposing choices and decisions. They also fear that any discussion over radical reforms might open the way to reconsidering the confessional quota system and its freezed formulas, which will create tensions and confrontations between the concerned groups. The absence of alternatives in the meantime does not eliminate the need for reforming political institutions, nor the necessity of discussing issues which could attenuate acute crises and enhance the performance of the regime
Al, Khoury Gerges Nasr Latif. "L'arbitrage présidentiel dans la Constitution libanaise." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G034.
Full textThe Lebanese system of government did implicitly adopt the principle of arbitration. However, nothing was done in order to dissipate the ambiguity which heavily burdens the concept of arbitration, because it oscillates between a wide and a narrow acceptance. Moreover, the Lebanese system tries hard to conciliate the characteristics of the parliamentary system with the principle of sectarian and communitarian participation in the government, i. E. A consensual system of government. But the incompatibility between these two principles has greatly affected the arbitration nature of the presidential function. Therefore, the domination of the sectarian and communitarian logic over the parliamentary logic in the Lebanese system perturbs not only the arbitration principle itself, but equally its putting into effect and practice. This dominance influences de facto the instruments which are supposed to insure an effective arbitration. In fact, a deep analysis of the presidential powers demonstrates that the means put at the disposal of the president in order to insure and guarantee the said arbitration function seem to be rarely satisfactory
Chemaitelly, Hicham. "Participation des banques islamiques à la gestion des entreprises qu'elles financent." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40013.
Full textSleiman, André Georges. "Vivre ensemble mais séparés? : l'émergence et l'évolution des projets de fédération au Liban de 1975 à nos jours." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0099.
Full textBorn during the war (1975-1990), born from the war, the federalist ideology in Lebanon has presented federalism as an ideal mechanism to manage and prevent inter-sectarian conflict in the Lebanese pluralistic context. Moreover, according to the Lebanese federalists, federalism comes up as the only democratic and viable alternative to Lebanon’s perceived failed state, and to secession be it a panacea or a Pandora’s box, federalism seems to constitute an original response to the challenge of muslim-christian consociation in Lebanon. However, rather than limiting itself to a feasibility study preoccupied with the possible implementation of such a government system in Lebanon, this dissertation is oriented towards a different perspective focusing on the relationship between the federalist principle and inter-sectarian conflict based on a double critique: the first one analyzes the concept of ethnic identity by scrutinizing the discourses on sectarianism, nationalism, and pluralism; the second one analyzes the modern conception of equality between citizens of a same nation after conducting a review of the federalist discourse on dhimma. This theoretical reflection has required an in-depth socio-historic reconstruction of the elaboration and evolution of the federalist claim; the dissertation therefore exposes at length the way federalism was discussed, appropriated, or rejected. Placing the political and military context of these claims under close scrutiny, the research also profiles the influential actors-dubbed "ethnic entrepreneurs"-who have elaborated, adopted, and put these claims into practice
Elawaar, Fadi. "Le Liban : de la société communautaire a l'Etat fédéral." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL028.
Full textThis thesis is connected with relationship between political principles and federalism in Lebanon. It demonstrates the possibility to take up a federal organisation as a basic for the political system of the Lebanon of tomorrow. However the biggest difficulty keeps in the socio-juridical structure of the Lebanese society. Indeed, religions communities base of the society constitutes the corner-stone of all juridical and political life and determined the society in all it's possible way. This look of the matter only shows the federalism of our institutions. To give a idea of a society where the class struggle to center itself to a conflict between the differents sorts of societies. It's behaviour will then, consist of analysing the imbrications and the overlapping of those two facts as much as the results of all consequences as much on the side of the methodistical point of view than the juridical one
Antoun-Nakhle, Racquel. "Les contrats de mariage religieux comme contrats de distribution sélective : cas de cinq communautés religieuses au Liban." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020045.
Full textThis thesis attempts to look at religious marriage contracts of five Lebanese communities as selective distribution contracts and to explain the economic behavior of households (in terms of decision making, labor supply and fertility) by the proximity between the two legislations. The analogy between these two types of contracts is clear in the following points: First, the analogy is conceived in terms of the purpose of the contract, contract of exchange and reciprocity. Then, at the relationship between the parties, the woman is the dealer and the spouse is the manufacturer, it is about collaboration and interdependence. On the asymmetry in obligations of the parties, as the selective distribution contract is said one-sided contract in favor of the grantor, the marriage contract contains also patriarchal clauses. And finally, the precarious situation of the dealer for breach of contract. This is the “asymmetry in the rights and obligations "between the parties that determines the proximity of each type of religious marriage contract to the selective distribution contract. And it is from this prism that the economic choice of households will be analyzed. In this perspective, the entrepreneurial approach of the family is selected as a model for economic analysis of the family. This approach has the advantage of considering the marital relationship as a relation governed by a contract, as is the case of a trade contract. A survey has been conducted to justify the impact of legislation on the economic choice of Lebanese households. The inhabitants of Beirut seem to be most sensitive to the contractual terms
Melhem, Ghassan. "Le développement économique et le rôle politique du confessionalisme au Liban." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10019.
Full textThe emergence of sectarianism in Lebanon is correlated with the particular development of capitalism in the Lebanese society, which seems different from the model of modernism in the Western and European society. This is how we can argue that the historical emergence of sectarian political formula was not a random or spontaneous phenomenon. It is clear that the institutionalization of sectarianism was the corollary of the deflection or deformation of capitalization and modernization; a sectarian system was established instead than the establishment of a modern state institution on the basis of the social contract that concretize national unity and social solidarity just like the contemporary European society. Thus, the penetration of Western capitalism and the articulation of the national economy into the world capitalist market embody Lebanon's position in the international economy as a peripheral area marginalizing its productive sectors. The commercial and banking bourgeoisie wins in the context of a rent economy by undertaking an intermediary function between West and East. This intermediate bourgeoisie controls the entire Lebanese system in coalition with the traditional aristocracy. It applies to restrict and stifle any form of syndicate or association mobility emanating from a struggle of social classes by creating confessional alignment and confrontation to which is due sectarianism that marks the historical track of the Lebanese public life and the "configuration" of the constitutional structure of the country
Matsima, Maxime. "Où en est le sport au Congo ? : processus d'institutionnalisation." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080865.
Full textThis thesis seek to understand the institutionalization process where congolese sport is concerned. From a discriminant analysis of football practices, it dismantles the system-both the patent and the latent ones - which rule the congolese sports institution. The results of this study show how congolese sport works according to three different sets of conception and logic : - the religious conception based on the belief in a personal god; - the scientific conception based on the training techniques which enable one to achieve the best possible performances; - the animistic conception which presents two phenomenoms important to congolese sport, the medecine men and juju priests still holding all the power of magic and witchraft. - western logic which sees competition as an object to sports; - congolese logic which grafts inter-ethnic competitions onto sporting competitions; - whereas the marxist-leninist logic enforced by the marxist orientated - political elites rejects both others, thus enabling itself the better to rule over the functioning of congolese sport
Boileau, Roger. "L'Église et le sport au Québec à la lumière du concept d'acculturation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24391/24391.pdf.
Full textZaidan, Patricia. "L'équipe libanaise de wushu : histoire d'une construction identitaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CORT0010.
Full textThe thesis explores the evolution of Wushu Kung-fu in Lebanon, a Mediterranean nation characterized by its political and social challenges. Despite the country's tensions and religious divides, Wushu Kung-fu has been a unifying force among the Lebanese since the 1970s, culminating in the country winning five medals at the 2019 World Championship.At the heart of this research is the story of Wushu's Chinese origins, its introduction in Lebanon and its growth. The thesis analyzes on one hand the Lebanese leaders’ strategies to control community divisions and political-economic challenges within this sport and from the other the role of the Lebanese Wushu Kung-fu Federation and its interactions with both local and external entities. Furthermore, the thesis illuminates the interplay between sports and politics.Wushu, known in the West primarily as kung fu, is a multifaceted sport, deeply rooted in Chinese philosophy, symbolizing the quest for harmony between body, mind, and soul. Its history, diverse styles, and character show its richness. The sport's global propagation is attributed to the diaspora of Chinese masters and Bruce Lee's cinematic influence. Yet, its recognition as an Olympic discipline will only come in the Youth Olympic Games of 2026. In Lebanon, Wushu's integration necessitated adaptations to the local culture, resulting in a uniquely Lebanese version of the sport leading to the interchangeable use of "wushu" and "kung-fu”. Firstly, while examining the martial arts landscape of Lebanon, we note how certain sports and clubs display community divisions while others exhibit transcendent national unity. Through interviews, the thesis unravels the stories of key federation and national team members, with a mention of Wushu's introduction to Lebanon by Jean Khoury in 1970, its subsequent institutionalization, and the accomplishments of the Lebanese Wushu Kung-fu Federation (FLWKF). While the FLWKF is currently comprised of mostly Christian members, its foundation had both Christian and Muslim contributors, and the federation never excluded Muslim community members. The geolocation of clubs and the career paths of its founders are deemed reasons for this makeup. The thesis underscores that despite sociopolitical tensions, sectarian divides minimally impacted the sport's performance.Secondly, the thesis delves into interviews with various sports stakeholders, investigating their perceptions and narratives about the emerging sport, especially regarding women's roles in combat sports. Through a systematic analysis, the research evaluates how sports, specifically Wushu, can shape and disseminate a positive national image, both locally and internationally. The Lebanese Wushu Kung-fu Federation holds notable achievements on the global stage despite budget constraints.In conclusion, this research chronicles the emergence of Wushu as a rallying sport in a country recognized for its significant sectarianism due to eighteen coexisting religious confessions. The Lebanese Wushu Kung Fu Federation's rise, predominantly with a Christian identity, showcases Wushu's potential as a national unifying symbol. The thesis opens on the need to expand the sport across Lebanon, especially in Muslim-majority regions, to promote female participation and to utilize Wushu as a tool for individual and collective well-being in Lebanon's diverse landscape
Grœninger, Fabien. "Sport, religion et nation : la fédération gymnastique et sportive des patronages de France : de l'apogée à la remise en question (1914-1950)." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30050.
Full textThe FGSPF reached its high point in the 1920s. The losses of the Great war demonstrated the usefulness of catholic gymnasts and athletes for the nation and the Republic. Nevertheless, after a decade of commemoration and acceptance by the “national-Union” governments and relative consensus within the catholic Church itself, the Federation was shaken by a questioning of its double identity, patriotic and religious. The controversy, already present in the 1930s, grew after the Second world war. Religious, political, economic, social and demographic factors must be taken into account in order to analyse this change. Thus, precursors to the crisis of 1960s can be found in the post world war II era
Bernard, Yveline. "Les patronages catholiques de garçons dans le diocèse de Nantes, de 1844 à 1965." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT3010.
Full textMakki, Rajaa. "Les obstacles à une libre circulation de l'information au liban." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020100.
Full textThis thesis aims to uncover the barriers to the free circulation of information in Lebanon, a country long considered an island of freedom in relation to its surroundings. In this context, sectarianism is considered the greatest and most dangerous obstacle, not only to the free flow of information, but equally to the building of a country in the true sense of the term. In addition to sectarianism, the obstacles for the free circulation of information in Lebanon are numerous. These include legislative texts that place many restrictions on freedom of expression on the press and audiovisual media, a jurisprudence that does not advance the concept of freedom of expression, a strong censorship from the state, and the self censorship of the press in an environment of violence. The geopolitics of Lebanon does not help either. On the one side, it is bordered by Israel, a country at war with Lebanon or in the best cases, in a state of ceasefire. On the other side, it is bordered by Syria, a country that has always considered Lebanon as one of its territories. Added to this is a bloody history of a small country that shortly after independence from the French mandate, falls into a civil war that destroyed its institutions and called into question the legitimacy its existence. It also called into question the possibility of a true coexistence between its eighteen religious sects. This war may be triggered again even twenty years after the Taif Agreement that was supposed to bring peace to the country
Chaar, Abdel-maoula. "La structuration des stratégies au sein de champs en voie d’institutionnalisation : Le cas des banques islamiques au Liban." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0048/document.
Full textHow does the institutional context impact the formation of strategies? This PhD thesis tries to answer this question using an interpretative research design while utilizing Islamic finance as a field of study. It analyzes the methods used by Lebanese Islamic banks to set up and implement their strategies locally and abroad. The thesis reveals that the field of Islamic finance is still in a pre-institutionalization phase. It uncovers the parameters of three possible institutionalization paths according to the importance given to technical, religious or socioeconomic factors as well as the way the banks define their relationship to conventional finance. By choosing one of these options, Lebanese Islamic banks opt for a specific cognitive framework that influences their strategies and organizational behavior altogether. In turn, these firms also contribute to the diffusion of the principles underlying their choice and therefore, indirectly, to their institutionalization. Hence, instead of being just an arena for a traditional inter-firm competitive war, Islamic finance becomes the ground of a symbolic struggle that opposes the different potential futures of the field, and one that will shape the final form of the industry and its relationship with conventional finance
Munoz, Laurence. "La fédération des patronages, lien institutionnel entre le sport et le catholicisme en France (1898-2000)." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100064.
Full textThe birth of the catholic sporting federation is heavy with ideological conflicts that take place in France at the beginning of the XXth century. Youth constitutes a stake for the Church, which finds this way a means of existing in the modern world. Until 1930, the Gymnastic and Sport Federation of Patronages of France (F. G. S. P. F. ) extends its influence benefiting from the vast network of catholic patronages and the general expansion of sport. From the Thirties, the sport federation is freed gradually from the ideological supervisions that accompanied its origins. The federations gathering their members on the basis of an affinity are little by little in margin of a soon majority style which apprehends sport like an end in itself. The legislation after 1945 reinforces the sovereignty of the plain-sport federations. At the same time, the catholic world falls under a new diagram of thought and action that privileges calling. The organisation of patronages appears null and void. Priests gradually forsake the companies traditionally attached to the parishes. From the Sixties, the federation is at the heart of a competing space. The Church claims that the temporal institutions are truly signs of Church at the time when the federation encounters difficulties in the expression of its affinity. The sport federation seeks to centre its forces around the production of national elite. The question of existing as a federation animates the leaders. On the threshold of the Eighties, the federation is centred on the questions of education, accessibility for the greatest number, and blooming of the person. The national speech appears to find a certain serenity. Locally, associations live in their own time and according to space, the stages of adaptation. The disparity of the evolution underlines the heterogeneity of the federal ground. The legitimacy of the Sport and Cultural Federation of France is examined by the speech of the local and national leaders
Abou, Haidar Mohammad. "L’usage politique du sport au Liban durant la période de l'après- Taëf : Participation-Observante du milieu libanais." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10255/document.
Full textLebanon is the smallest country in the Middle-East characterized by its multi confessional political system. This system impacts all the aspects of social activities including sports. After the eruption of the civil war from 1975 until 1990, the existence of multiple religious communities on a limited geographical area, led to rethink their redistribution within the Lebanese government in order to ensure equity between 18 different religious groups that represent the majority of political parties during the post Taef era. This PhD project aims to examine the essence of "political use of sports" within the Lebanese sport sector or the "politicization of sport" (politics) in Lebanon and how political involvement will affect sport activities in Lebanon. Through a qualitative methodological design more specifically a Participant Observation study, I took advantage of my political affiliation to AMAL party to examine closely the various actors in the Lebanese sport sector. The study began by examining the overall structure of Sports in Lebanon starting at it emergence in official texts mainly in the Lebanese constitution. Afterwards, I gathered a body of literature by the means of my political resources in order to analyze a posteriori the relevant information. Inductive analysis was used to extract chore meanings related to politicization of sport and to highlight political manipulation of sports in Lebanon. Growth of certain sport disciplines became sometimes totally dependent on political parties’ agendas
Sayah, Rita. "Les identités politiques et religieuses libanaises : Expression et censure des représentations." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20080.
Full textThe Lebanese political identities have often been linked to the existing religious identities. Lebanon has known in fact a number of civilizations and cultures, and has continuously been a place of political and religious tensions.From a methodological point of view, this thesis is based on readings and analysis of the press and the media, in addition to the literature of different artistic expressions. In the first section, the thesis focuses on the problematic. We present the multiple Lebanese political parties, their ideologies, their relationship with power and their history, especially after the Taef agreement (1989). We also study the political institutions and the political practices in Lebanon, as well as the multiple forms of political engagement. The thesis also tackles the important role of the traditional Lebanese families and the charisma of politicians. In the second section, we study the link between the political identities and the religious identities in the Lebanese public space. It focuses on the different kinds of relations that bound those two identities, in addition to the religious implications of wars. Also, this section analyses the geographical distribution of the political and religious identities in the country.In section number three, the thesis highlights the expressions of the political identities. It suggests an approach to the representation of these political identities in the media, in the fiction (literature, cinema, etc), in the songs and in fine arts. Finally, the last section focuses on the censorship, important concept in Lebanon, in the presence of a number of political and religious powers that influence the process of communication. We will define censorship, and focus on different kinds of censorship (political censorship, religious censorship, invisible censorship). We will also highlight the procedures and laws that lead to censorship, and the different ways followed by journalists and artists to face it
Bou, Aoun Melynda. "Le mariage en droit libanais : étude de droit international privé." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020068.
Full textIn the Lebanese pluralist legal system marriage and personal status matters fall exclusively within the competence of the eighteen religious communities which have real power of jurisdiction and legislation in this area. However, the legislator allowed the Lebanese to escape the religious laws applicable locally by celebrating a civil marriage abroad. This marriage is recognized in Lebanon and is subject in full to the foreign civil law chosen indirectly by the parties. That is the liberalism of private international law for marriage which assigns an important role to the spouses’ autonomy and freedom of choice. Yet this liberalism is not unconditional and takes no effect unless the parties have not concluded a religious marriage. Private International laws become even imperialistic when they ensure the exclusive application of religious laws each time a religious marriage takes place. This is the reason why private international laws of marriage oscillate between liberalism and imperialism, and thus reveal the paradox of the Lebanese matrimonial system. This thesis is an in depth study of the terms of this paradox in all its nuances and it aims to determine respectively the competence area of civil and religious laws to better understand how they articulate with each other in marriage conflicts. Also, it examines alternative solutions to the actual system in order to improve the regulations that are applicable to marriage in Lebanon
Kassar, Lana. "L'égalité dans le divorce : étude comparative entre le droit français et le droit libanais." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA010/document.
Full textEquality and justice are necessary in the family for their safeguard the fundamental of women men, children at the same as individuals and components of a family. Legal literature acknowledge that the divorce, a very old institution that tends to break severely the marriage bond, is closely related to the dominant ideology and political variations of the considered countries.The history of divorce in France was marked by successive stages of development : prohibition and restoration. Once admitted it allows to discover that the legislative fundamental choice revolves upon two ideas: diversifying divorce cases so we can find a solution for the plurality of crisis situation, dramatize divorce by encouraging spouses to agree on its consequences. ln Lebanon divorce is permissible for Muslims. To the extent that the personal statutes system is religiously inspired and based on the Koran. The right to divorce was not subject to development. The question that arises is that of evolution.The comparative study of both French and Lebanese law systems has made us that equality in marriage in France was a concern for the French legislature. To achieve equality in the subject of divorce. However, we will see this equality within the family in Lebanon is far being implemented