Dissertations / Theses: 'Sport performance analysis'

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Shibli, Simon. "Performance analysis in sport and leisure management." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/11010/.

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Thomas, Brendan Nigel. "Video analysis as a form of feedback to improve sport performance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50225.

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Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Feedback is critical for motor skill learning. Knowledge of performance (KP) In the form of verbal feedback is the most commonly used type of augmented feedback. Advances in technology have made it possible for coaches to utilise video-supported feedback with athletes with the intention of accelerating the learning process. The use of videotape replay has been an effective aid under some circumstances. Recent commercially available products offer digital analysis that may be even more successful than ordinary video replay in this regard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of knowledge of results (KR) and verbal KP with video-support in improving the learning of the tennis serve, when compared to KR with verbal KP only. A total of 18 adults (lOwomen and 8 men) were assessed on their serving technique (6 kinematic variables), accuracy (2 variables) and speed (1 variable). Technique analysis was completed using a commercially available analysis programme. For a short intervention period, one group (n = 10) received KR with verbal feedback only, while the other group (n = 8) received KR plus verbal feedback with video support. The subjects were tested after the intervention to see what changes had occurred with regards to the speed, accuracy and technique of their serves. No significant differences were found for any of the variables, leading to the conclusion that the amount oftime spent in the intervention programme must be extended in order to possibly achieve significant effects on performances.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: By die aanleer van motoriese vaardighede is terugvoer van kritiese belang. Verbale terugvoering is die mees algemene vorm van kennis oordraging aan die uitvoerder. Verbetering in tegnologie het dit nou moontlik gemaak vir afrigters om videoondersteunde terugvoer met atlete te gebruik, met die doelom die leerproses te versnel. Die gebruik hiervan is in sekere situasies 'n effektiewe hulpmiddel. Kommersiële produkte wat tans beskikbaar is bied die moontlikheid van digitale ontledings, wat dalk meer suksesvol kan wees as slegs die terugspeel van 'n video aan die uitvoerder. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die doeltreffendheid van kennis van resultate (knowledge of results) en verbale terugvoering met video-ondersteuning in die verbetering van die tennis afslaan te meet, en dit dan te vergelyk met kennis van resultate waar net verbale terugvoering verskaf is. 'n Totaal van 18 volwassenes (It) vroue en 8 mans) se afslaantegniek (6 kinematiese verandelikes), akkuraatheid van afslaan (2 verandelikes) en die spoed van die afslaan (1 verandelike) is nagegaan. Tegniekontleding is met die gebruik van 'n komersieël beskikbare analise-program gedoen. Een groep (n = l O) het kennis van resultate en verbale terugvoer gekry vir 'n kort intervensie periode. Die ander groep (n = 8) het kennis van resultate en video-ondersteunde verbale terugvoer, ook vir 'n kort intervensie tydperk ontvang. Die deelnemers is na afloop van die intervensie tydperk getoets om te bepaal watter veranderinge met betrekking tot spoed, akkuraatheid en afslaantegniek plaasgevind het. Geen beduidende verskille is in enige van die verandelikes gevind nie. Dit gee aanleiding tot 'n gevolgtrekking dat die duur van die intervensieprogram verleng moet word om 'n beduidende effek op uitvoering te kry.

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Liu, Yi-De. "Performance measurement of English public sport facilities : aggregate analysis and its practicability." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2007. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3203/.

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The aim of this research is to adopt aggregate performance analyses to measure the performance of English public sport facilities and examine the practicability of these analyses. Based on the National Benchmarking Service for Sports Halls and Swimming Pools (NBS), provided for Sport England by the Sport Industry Research Centre at Sheffield Hallam University, four dimensions of performance are measured in this thesis, i. e. operational efficiency, sport equity, service quality and customer segmentation. First, two aggregate performance analyses data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) are conducted to provide an insight into the industry's overall performance. Second, based on the two approaches above, an aggregate performance analysis framework is developed and tested at the individual facility level. Then its practicability is evaluated. The contributions of this research are twofold: (1) to present the value and critically evaluate the practicability of aggregate performance analysis; and (2) to expand the theoretical literature on performance measurement in the public leisure sector. The research findings demonstrate that the `convergence' strength of aggregate analysis can complement the `inclusiveness' strength of partial measures adopted by the NBS, particularly in efficiency measurement and customer segmentation analysis. In addition, for practitioners in the public leisure sector, `inclusiveness' and `simplicity' are the most important criteria of a good performande measurement system. That is, not only does performance data need to be inclusive, the analytical process also needs to be simple and understandable. Finally, facility managers' analytical skills and motivations for benchmarking are two factors which determine the feasibility of aggregate performance analysis in the public leisure sector.

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Engelbrecht, Warren Peter. "Performance Aaalysis of penalty area entrances of a South African men's professional football team." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4349.

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Thesis (M Sport Sc (Sport Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to analyse the penalty area entrances of a team competing in the Premier Soccer League (PSL) in South Africa. Ten home matches of the team were analysed making use of a category set designed for the study. The main areas of analysis included the point of final action before the ball entered the penalty area, the part of the penalty area at which the entrance occurred, the method of entrance, the number of completed passes within the area, and the outcome of the entrance as well as the reason for the outcome. The results revealed that the team entered the penalty area on average 59.4 times per match and scored a goal on every 37.4 penalty area entrances. The ball being taken away by the opponents was the outcome that occurred most frequently within the penalty area (42.1% of all entries), and was largely due to interceptions by the defending team (20.7%). The next most commonly occurring event was the ball being given away by the attacking team (22.4% of all entries) and was largely as a result of the poor passing (20%). The results revealed that in order for the team to improve their ability to convert their attacking opportunities into goals, improvement of technical execution in particular passing and shooting within the critical areas of the field must be established. The results have implications for the use of performance analysis for professional teams as support for the coaching process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om „n prestasie-profiel te ontwikkel wat die strafarea-toegang beskryf van „n professionele span wat aan die Premier Sokker Liga (PSL) in Suid-Afrika deelneem. Tien tuiswedstryde van die span is geanaliseer, gebaseer op „n kategorie wat vir die studie ontwerp is. Die vlakke van analise was eerstens die punt van finale aksie voordat die bal die strafarea binnegaan, die plek in die strafarea waar toegang plaasgevind het, die metode van toegang, die hoeveelheid afgehandelde aangee-aksies in die area en laastens die uitkoms van die toegang asook die rede vir die uitkoms. Die resultate het aangedui dat die span die strafarea ongeveer 59.4 keer per wedstryd betree en elke 37.4 „n doel aanteken deur toegang tot die strafarea te verkry. Die afneem van die bal deur „n span (42.1% van toegang) het die meeste plaasgevind nadat die bal die strafarea binne gegaan het. Dit is grotendeels te wyte aan onderskepping deur die verdedigende span (20.7%). Die weggee van die bal deur die aanvallende span (22.4% van toegang) was hoofsaaklik as gevolg van swak aangee-aksies (20%) en het ook dikwels voorgekom. Die prestasie-profiel het aangedui dat indien die span hulle vermoë wil verbeter om aanvallende geleenthede te laat eindig in „n doel, verbetering nodig is met tegniese uitvoering, veral met vaardighede ten opsigte van „n bal-aangee en doelskop. Hierdie studie is „n voorbeeld van hoe prestasie-analise aangewend kan word in professionele sokker om ondersteuning aan die afrigtingsproses te bied.

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Ringhof, Steffen [Verfasser]. "Effects of Concurrent Jaw Clenching on Human Postural Control and Sports Performance: Biomechanical Studies of Static and Dynamic Postural Control and Performance Analysis in Golf / Steffen Ringhof." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159637547/34.

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Maré, Rozanne. "Performance development of sport scientists : a Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58988.

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This research study took place at the High Performance Centre (hpc) at the University of Pretoria (UP) in South Africa (SA). The sport psychologists/sports counselors at the hpc mainly deliver performance development services to the athletes. The sport psychology services at the hpc are conducted to the athletes via the Psychological Skills Training (PST) approach and Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach. These two approaches are individualistic in nature and the aim of my study was to move away from a more traditional individualistic perspective to an ecological perspective that takes into consideration other role players such as sport scientists. This was achieved by developing a sport science specific MAC programme for the sport scientists, which was facilitated through experiential learning. The goal of the MAC programme was to explore the sport scientists’ experiences with reference to what they discovered and how they applied their learning. Eight in depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four sport scientists at the hpc after their participation in the programme. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the semi-structured interviews. The findings were mainly related to difficulties and advantages that the sport scientists experienced when they applied the MAC principles.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Psychology
MA
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Peters, Heather J. "A Cultural Analysis of Self-Talk: Its Relationship to Performance and Potential Moderators." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194325.

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Self-talk, its relationship to performance, and responses to feedback were investigated in European Americans (Eu.A.s; n = 66), newly-arrived East Asians (E.A.s; n = 24), later-arrived E.A.s (n = 44), and Latinos (n = 35). Later-arrived E.A.s had a larger proportion of negative to positive self-talk than Eu.A.s. Regardless of cultural background, a greater proportion of negative self-talk related to poorer performance. All cultural groups perceived the task as more valid after receiving positive vs. negative feedback. Results did not replicate work by Peters and Williams (in press), questioning their concern regarding the use of cognitive interventions with E.A.s. Results suggest that E.A. and Latino groups are not homogenous, findings should not be generalized from one collectivist cultural background to another, negative self-talk can act as an indicator for fear of failure in Latinos, and acculturation in E.A.s influences fear of failure.

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Seidl, Thomas [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Lames, Martin [Gutachter] Lames, and Jonathan [Gutachter] Wheat. "Radio-based Position Tracking in Sports : Validation, Pattern Recognition and Performance Analysis / Thomas Seidl ; Gutachter: Martin Lames, Jonathan Wheat ; Betreuer: Martin Lames." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193177669/34.

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Bazyler, Caleb D., Jacob R. Goodin, George Beckham, H. Santana, M. Swartz, and Ashley A. Kavanaugh. "Analysis of Changes in Strength, Explosiveness, and Agility Performance over an NCAA Division I Tennis Career: A Case Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3840.

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Habeeb, Christine Marie. "Task structure, dyadic relations, and athlete role in team-sports settings : implications for athletes' self, relational, and collective efficacy beliefs and performances." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25856.

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The performances of athlete pairs correspond to the agency observed in self, relational, and collective efficacy beliefs. A dyadic perspective offers potentially important conceptual and methodological advantages to the investigation of interdependent action. The general purpose of this thesis was to investigate how athletes influence one another in athlete pairs of different (i.e., distinguishable) roles with a specific focus on the efficacy-performance relationship. Chapters 1 and 2 provide the general introduction and review of literature on dyads and efficacy beliefs. Chapters 3-6 include original research. In Chapter 3 relationships among the individual- and dyad-level performances of cheerleading pairs competing at a national-level competition were assessed to provide a measurement tool for dyadic performance settings in which athletes have distinguishable roles. In Chapter 4 person-related sources of variance (in line with the Social Relations Model framework) in athletes’ efficacy beliefs and performances were examined during repeated performance trials of a paired-cheerleading stunt-task with distinguishable roles. The purpose of Chapter 5 was to examine the efficacy-performance predictive chain of an athletic dyad task to extend Feltz’ (1982) efficacy-performance path analysis in an individual sporting context in conjunction with the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model appropriate for dyads with distinguishable roles. The purpose of Chapter 6 was to conduct a replication of the Social Relations Model investigation in Chapter 4 using same-gender distinguishable dyads and extending the framework to four-person cheerleading groups. The final chapter is a summary of the findings with commentary on the findings’ implications, strengths and limitations of the studies, identification of future research directions, and significance of the findings. Overall, the findings in this thesis support that task structure, dyadic relations, and athlete role in a team-task influence how athletes perceive and are perceived relative to self, relational, and collective abilities, with some effects including implications for efficacy-performance predictive relationships.

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Iqbali, Ali. "Business Intelligence inom sport : Hur används business intelligence/performanceanalysis inom fotboll och hur tillämpas det inom elitfotbollen i Göteborgsregionen?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16601.

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Performance analysis är ett väldigt diskuterat ämne, den kan användas i samband med alla sporter och användningen utav det har blivit mycket populär den senaste tiden.Fotbollsorganisationer runt om i världen använder sig av det i samband med träningar och matcher för att utveckla sina spelare men även laget i helhet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur elit-fotbollslagen i Göteborgsregionen använder sig av performance analysis i kombination med träningar och matcher.Frågeställningen som denna undersökning har som syfte att besvara är:Fråga 1.”Hur används business intelligence/performance analysis inom fotboll och hur tillämpas det inom elitfotbollen i Göteborgsregionen? ”För att besvara frågeställningen tillämpas två olika datainsamlingsmetoder, en systematisk litteraturstudie och kvalitativa intervjuer. Detta för att få information från litteraturen om hur dessa två parter har kombinerats samt vilka fördelar och utmaningar som skapades vid kombinationen. Men även få en inblick om vad personer med kunskap om två parter tycker om en kombination, vad de tycker en kombination kan bidra till men också vilka utmaningar som kan förekomma med kombinationen.Undersökningen visar tydligt att det finns fördelar med att kombinera business intelligence/ performance analysis och fotboll. De fördelar som diskuteras kontinuerligt är bättre utveckling för fotbollsspelarna, möjligheten om att mäta spelarprestationen,bättre underlag för beslutsfattning. Det fanns fotbollslag som hade svårt med att införa nya system på grund av olika skäl som inte kunde mäta spelarprestationen. Att kombinera performance analysis och fotboll förstärker laget i helhet för att laget har tillräckligt med information när det handlar om spelarna och deras förutsättningar. Det bidrar till att fotbollslag kan träna upp spelare och utveckla spelare själva istället för att lägga miljonbelopp på andra spelare.

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Dykema, Ellie. "Performance development of adolescent athletes : a Mindfulness - Acceptance - Commitment (MAC) approach." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43328.

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This study explored the subjective interpretations of five adolescent athletes who experienced a sport-specific version of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach. The MAC approach is an alternative sport psychology intervention to more traditional control-driven approaches, such as Psychological Skills Training (PST). An in-depth qualitative study was conducted at the High Performance Centre (hpc) of the University of Pretoria (UP). The sport-specific MAC programme was developed for the sport of athletics. The programme was facilitated to five adolescent athletes who participate in the sport of athletics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted after the participants experienced the programme. The interviews were based on written reflections provided by participants during the programme. The research position for this study was phenomenology, and specifically Interpretive Phenomenology (IP). Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the material. The results revealed that there was only one theme that was common to all five participants. Furthermore, the results portrayed diversity amongst the participant experiences and subjectivity in their interpretations of the MAC approach. The results displayed how some themes are consistent with MAC-related literature, and how other themes contradict the literature. Additionally, some themes have not been reported in MAC literature before. Thus, the study contributed to the expansion of literature on the MAC approach.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
lk2014
Psychology
MA
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Tranfield, Jennifer K. "Stress and coping in high performance squash coaching." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12904.

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This thesis investigates stress and coping in high performance squash coaching from the perspectives of both the coach and the player. An introduction to the thesis (chapter 1), a discussion of key concepts and theories from the general stress and coping literature (chapter 2), and a systematic review of the stress and coping in sport literature (chapter 3) are presented. The empirical work is reported in two phases. Phase one (chapters 4, 5 & 6) documents an in-depth study of 18 high performance squash coaches. Retrospective interviews were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Inductive content analysis (Patton, 1980) revealed 223 raw data themes for stress, which collapsed into 12 general dimensions, and 415 raw data themes for coping, from which 13 general dimensions emerged. Descriptive statistics on stress source characteristics revealed a number of interesting trends that required further investigation. Further, general ('multi-purpose') and specific coping strategies were identified. Coping effectiveness and frequency data detailed the analysis. Phase two (chapters 7, 8 & 9) investigates stress and coping experiences of elite squash players during coaching activities via two studies. In study one, data were collected through telephone interviews, and analysed using inductive content analysis (QSR NUDIST), revealing 227 raw data themes for stress and coping from which 9 stress and 8 coping general dimensions emerged. These results were used to develop a postal questionnaire (study two) administered to 84 elite squash players on the England Squash World Class Performance Programme (Jan. 1999). A response rate of 60% was obtained, data was input into SPSS, and various statistical tests revealed significant contributions to 5 major investigative themes detennined at the outset. An overall picture of the landscape in stress and coping in high performance squash coaching is offered, and conclusions and future directions are presented (chapter 10).

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Aguiar, Noury Alice. "Empirical Analysis of the European Football Industry: The Role of Sports Performance, Media Visibility, and Brand Value in Revenue Generation and Talent Compensation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670139.

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This doctoral thesis examines empirically the sport industry as part of the entertainment sector, focusing on European football, whose business competes with other leisure and sports activities in a global context. The thesis comprises four articles that analyse economic issues in the sport industry: the degree of media visibility of the most relevant sports leagues, the rationality behind decisions affecting revenues and talent investment of European football clubs, and the role of the historical brand status. The different empirical analyses are carried out with data for the period between 1996 to 2016. The structure of this research work responds to the nature of the professional sport industry in the current time. Actually, the analysis of modern sports demands taking into account their degree of exposure in the media and the fact that entertainment activities benefit from the expanded worldwide market due to the new technologies. The analyses shown in these pages progress from a general view of the sports industry, and its evolution over time, to eventually focus on professional football, an entertainment activity where brand consolidation and development plays an essential role. The first chapter addresses the economic dimension of the sports industry and introduces an empirical analysis between leagues’ revenues and their visibility in the media. It further examines the economic contribution of the sports and entertainment sectors to total output and employment for the European Union (EU-28) and the United States. Then, the comparative status of the main team-sports leagues, both North American and European, is compared globally using two approaches: the first one, based on total annual revenues; and the second one, using the Google Trends tool. The latter procedure permits comparing the intensity with which Internet users search for contents related to each of the selected top sports leagues. An empirical analysis is carried out to explain the relationship between leagues’ annual revenues and the degree of media visibility. Finally, this chapter studies the extent to which football clubs have capacity to generate revenues and to retain popularity status, regardless of their recent sport achievements. The appraisal of the potential revenues and visibility status that are not contingent on the risk attached to poor sport achievements is captured by estimating the clubs’ time-invariant fixed effects, after having filtered out their sport performance. The second chapter deepens the analysis of the comparative status of professional team-sports leagues and empirically compares the capacity to transform the degree of visibility into both total revenues and broadcasting revenues; the analysis includes the principal North American and European leagues. The outcomes obtained from the Google Trends approach are used to compute multiplying and weight factors, and a market penetration index, which allows us to explain the extent of internationalisation of the “Big-5” European football leagues, including shifts to non-traditional markets. The empirical analysis introduces a number of econometric models to understand the prospects of the leagues concerning popularity and capacity to transform the degree of the fans’ interest into total and broadcasting revenues. The third chapter offers a comprehensive empirical analysis of the behaviour of European football clubs concerning investment in talent (and wage compensations) and the annual revenues. To this aim, we use a rich dataset that includes financial data of the clubs playing in the 1st division category of the English Premier League, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A, and French Ligue 1. A thoroughly regression analysis is made to estimate behavioural equations of annual revenues and annual wages in order to test hypotheses regarding the impact of current, recent past, and historical sport performance, along with the role of media visibility and brand status of the clubs. In addition to the traditional sport performance indicators, the empirical study introduces two innovative variables: the Elo Rating, as a proxy variable for the clubs’ historical sporting status (or brand value); and the Media Visibility Index, obtained with the MERIT approach, to capture the clubs’ ability to awake the interest of fans and the public. The econometric analysis, performed for variables expressed in levels and in deviations from the mean, involves estimations by means of Ordinary Least Squared (pooled models), Fixed Effects models; as well as some Dynamic Panel-Data analyses and several diagnostic tests. This chapter is the core of the thesis and its complexity has offered the opportunity to learn how to perform genuine applied research in economics. The fourth chapter presents a systematic review of the literature related to the brand management of football clubs. It provides a descriptive analysis of brand equity, brand drivers, and brand strategies research in the football industry. The exhaustive revision of the previous research on this topic lead us to identify models to assess brand value, brand drivers, and some main strategic factors to build a strong football brand. Thus, the last chapter is a natural extension to complement the understanding of how football brand may be developed and reinforce, given the crucial role it plays concerning the financial outcomes and economic perspectives of the football clubs.

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Thomas, Camille. "Development of a Notational Analysis System for Selected Soccer Skills of a Women's College Team." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1473.pdf.

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Zanetti, Vinicius Miguel. "O efeito de jogos sucessivos nos parâmetros de desempenho físico de jovens jogadores de futebol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39135/tde-09052018-114136/.

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O objetivo da presente dissertação foi verificar o efeito da participação de jovens jogadores de futebol em competições com calendário congestionado (CC) nas medidas de desempenho físico, e comparar as acelerações (ACC), as desacelerações (DEC), a potência metabólica média (PM), distância total percorrida (DT) e distância percorrida em alta velocidade (DAV) em 24 jogadores de futebol juvenil (sub-15, n = 11 e sub-17, n = 13) expostos a campeonatos de CC e períodos regulares de calendário não congestionados (calendário regular; CR); como critério de retenção dos dados dos jogadores, adotou-se, a participação mínima de 75% do tempo total de jogo em cada partida. Adicionalmente as medidas de desempenho físico foram normalizadas pelo tempo de participação em minutos na partida. Foram analisados 10 jogos internacionais no formato de CC (5 para cada categoria), realizados durante 3 dias sucessivos, incluindo 2 dias com 2 jogos consecutivos jogados com intervalo de 4-5 horas; para estabelecer uma condição \"controle\", 10 jogos de CR, de cada categoria, foram analisados; os jogos de CR foram realizados com um intevalo de pelo menos 7 dias. Os jogadores usavam uma unidade GPS de 15 Hz com um acelerômetro triaxial de 100 Hz alocada em uma veste especial. Uma diferença classificada como digna de consideração (tamanho do efeito; TE> 0,20) entre CC e CR, foi observada para os parâmetros de desempenho físico ACC, DEC e PM, para sub-15 e sub-17, com valores mais elevados no CC. Enquanto que DT e DAV apresentaram valores superiores para CR, apenas para o sub-15. Contrariamente à hipótese levantada, os parâmetros de desempenho físico mostram que os jogadores juvenis de elite avaliados elevaram a intensidade do jogo quando participaram de torneio CC. Uma diminuição em ACC e DEC, do 1° tempo para o 2° tempo foi observada (sub-15 e sub-17) nos diferentes formatos de campeonato. No entanto, observou-se um aumento da PM do 1° tempo para o 2° tempo; com um aumento muito grande para ambas as categorias durante a CR; para o CC, a PM aumentou (1ª para a 2ª metade) para o sub-17, mas diminuiu para o sub-15. Os resultados do presente estudo, sugerem que os perfis de taxa de trabalho dos jogadores não são prejudicados no CC e que o desempenho físico aumentado nesse tipo de competição pode estar associado a uma estratégia de auto-regulação ou \"pacing\" da intensidade de realização das ações. Apesar das semelhanças para os dados de desempenho físico (sub-15 e sub-17), a PM para o sub-17 foi amplamente aumentada no CC (vs CR) em comparação com os valores de PM do sub-15; sugerindo assim, uma maior capacidade dos atletas, com um suposto nível mais elevado de treinamento (sub-17) em otimizar o desempenho físico neste tipo de competição. Estas informações podem servir como um meio alternativo e eficiente de representação do desempenho físico e auxiliar na organização de uma preparação específica de equipes participantes destes formatos de competições (CC); adicionalmente, os resultados indicam a importância de de considerar as medidas de ACC, DEC e PM na análise do desempenho físico de jovens jogadores, ao invés da utilização isolada de medidas relacionadas a DT e DAV
The aim of this study was to compare the physical performances in youth players during congested (CM) versus regular match (RM) schedules. The accelerations (ACC), decelerations (DEC), average metabolic power (MP), total distance covered (TD) and distance covered at high speed (HSD) were compared across congested match (CM; 10 international matches played over 3 successive days, including 2 days with 2 consecutive matches played with a 4-5 hr interval) and 10 regular non-congested match periods (RM), played with a 7-day interval between matches, in elite youth soccer players (U15, n=11; U17, n=13).; as criterion for retention of the players\' data, it was adopted, the minimum participation of 75% of the total match time of each game. In addition, all variables were normalized per min of on-field playing time. Each player wore a 15-Hz GPS unit coupled with a 100 Hz tri-axial accelerometer (SPI Elite, GPSports, Canberra, Australia A difference classified as worthy of consideration (effect size; ES > 0.20), between CM and RM, was observed for ACC, DEC and MP, for U15 and U17, with higher values in CM. While TD and HSD showed lower values for CM for u15. Contrary to the hypothesis, the relative values of the physical performance parameters were higher for CM. A decrease in ACC and DEC, from the 1st half to the 2nd half of the match was observed (U15 and U17) for both CM and RM. However, an increase in MP from the 1st half to the 2nd half of the match was observed; with a very large increase for both categories during the RM; during the CM, MP increased (1st half to the 2nd half) in the U7, but decreased in U15. The present findings suggest that the players work rate profiles are not impaired in CM and that the intensity of the match-play is increased in this type of competition, and might be associated to self-regulation or pacing strategy; despite the similarities for physical performance in U15 and U17), MP was largely increased in U17 during CM (vs CR) compared to U15; this result suggests that the higher the level of the conditioning, the greater the ability of the athlete in optimizing physical performance in this type of match schedule. This information can serve as an alternative and efficient means of representing physical performance and may help coaches to organize and monitor specific preparations of teams participating in these type of competitions (CM); additionally, the results indicate the importance of considering the ACC, DEC and MP measurements in the analysis of physical performance of young players, instead of using only measures related to total distance covered and distances covered at different speeds

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Ravé, Guillaume. "Evaluation de l’adaptation à l’entraînement du footballeur professionnel par la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque : intérêt de la position debout." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0040/document.

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Méthode simple et non invasive permettant d’évaluer l’influence du système nerveux autonome (SNA) sur la fonction cardiaque. Le SNA est constitué de deux branches aux actions antagonistes. Celle dite sympathique est cardio-activatrice et celle dite parasympathique cardio-modératrice. Très étudié dans les sports d’endurance, les indicateurs parasympathiques de la VFC issus de l’analyse spectrale (Hautes fréquences, HF) et temporelle (RootMean Square of the Successive Differences, RMSSD) s’y avèrent pertinents pour le suivi d’entraînement. Dans un sport comme le football, le grand nombre de matchs durant la saison rend essentiel l’équilibre entre entraînement et récupération. Dans ce contexte,l’utilisation de la VFC peut aider les entraîneurs à optimiser l’entraînement et donc la performance physique des joueurs. Beaucoup de clubs Européens utilisent le marqueur recommandé dans les sports d’endurance (RMSSD). Or le football, sport intermittent,implique théoriquement plus des mécanismes sympathiques (réactivité) que parasympathiques.Effectivement, nos travaux, chez des footballeurs professionnels, montrent que RMSSD n’est pas l’indicateur le plus pertinent, que ce soit pour le suivi d’entraînement lors d’une pré-saison, que pour prédire la perception de la forme physique en compétition.L’analyse spectrale lors d’enregistrements dans la position debout se révèle logiquement plus adaptée puisque cette position met en oeuvre le système sympathique. Cependant, cette analyse ne permet pas d’identifier clairement les influences du SNA. De plus,nos résultats remettent en question l’attribution à l’influence parasympathique de RMSSD. En conclusion,la VFC en position debout est un outil pertinent dans la pratique d’un sport intermittent à haut niveau
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a simple and noninvasive tool to assess autonomic nervous system(ANS) influences to the heart. ANS is made of twoopposing effect branches. The sympathetic oneactivates the heart while the parasympathetic one slowsit down. Parasympathetic indicators derived from HRVare well studied in the context of endurance sports.They could be determined by means of time or spectralanalysis (Root mean Square of the Successive Difference, RMSSD, and High Frequency, HF, respectively). They provide key information to monitor training adaptation. In the case of soccer, a balance between training charge and recovery is necessary because of the numerous games during a whole season. HRV is supposed to assist coaches in order tooptimize training and thus players’ physical performance. Many European soccer clubs use the indicator recommended for endurance sports (RMSSD). However, soccer is an intermittent sport that involves theoretically more the sympathetic nervous system(reactivity) than the parasympathetic one. Our studies on professional soccer players show that RMSSD is not the most relevant indicator, neither to monitor training during a pre-season nor to predict fitness perception during competition. We demonstrated that HRV spectralanalysis performed while players are standing is more appropriate since this position involved the sympathetic nervous system. However, spectral analysis failed toidentify sympathetic nervous system as the key determinant of soccer training adaptation. In addition, our results challenged the link between RMSSD and the parasympathetic nervous system. In conclusion,spectral analysis of HRV performed in the standing position is a useful tool in the case of intermittent highlevel sports

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Djaoui, Léo. "Analyse des performances physiques, des incidences physiologiques d’un match de football de haut niveau et des facteurs d’influence : mention spéciale au contexte d’enchaînement des matchs." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1266/document.

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Le football moderne est caractérisé par des efforts intermittents de très haute intensité. Pendant un match, les joueurs réalisent des performances, qu'elles soient physiques ou techniques, en lien direct avec la spécificité de leur poste de jeu, leur rôle tactique et leur positionnement sur le terrain. Un match de football de haut niveau induit des variations de fréquence cardiaque, une baisse de réserves énergétiques, une augmentation des dommages musculaires, du stress oxydatif et une affectation du statut immunitaire. Incidences physiologiques auxquelles se rajoutent des modifications de perception de la fatigue, des douleurs musculaires, du bien-être, de la qualité du sommeil, du stress psychologique et de l'humeur. Toutes ces incidences se mesurent, se quantifient et s'analysent en lien direct avec des facteurs contextuels comme le lieu du match, le moment de la journée, le système de jeu, …, et les périodes d'enchainement de match (e.g. deux à trois matchs par semaine) qui peuvent avoir une influence significative. La présente thèse a pour objectif principal l'étude de l'influence de l'enchainement de matchs sur les performances physiques et sur les cinétiques de récupération mesurées sur des marqueurs sanguins, salivaires et des questionnaires de perception, sur des joueurs de football de haut-niveau
Modern football is characterized by very high-intensity intermittent efforts. During a match, players perform technical and physical tasks in relation to their specific positions on the field. A high-level football match induces heart-rate variations, energetic storage lowering, muscular damage and oxidative stress increase and immune status alteration. These physiological variations are accompanied by modifications of fatigue perceived, muscle soreness, wellness, sleep quality, psychological stress and overall mood. All these incidences can be measured, quantified and analyzed, in direct relation to contextual factors like game location, time of the day, playing system, …, and congested period of matches (e.g. two to three matches per week). The present thesis aims to report all the ways to monitor match load and fatigue and aims to analyze the influence of playing matches during congested periods on physical activity and on physiological post-match kinetics, over high-level football players

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Tan, Frankie Hun Yau. "Applied physiology and game analysis of elite women's water polo." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0106.

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[Truncated abstract] Broadly, research literature on the physiological aspects of water polo game play is limited, but particularly so in the women's game. Moreover, significant changes to game rules in recent years are likely to have had an impact on the game demands. Therefore, this research project sought to investigate the physiological characteristics of contemporary elite female water polo players and the demands of match play. Overall, the five studies comprising this thesis aimed to improve the practical knowledge of coaches and sport scientists concerning the training and monitoring of players. Study one (Chapter 3) compared two water polo-specific field tests of aerobic and/or match fitness (MSST, multistage shuttle swim test; and WIST, water polo intermittent shuttle test) with a traditional incremental swimming test to exhaustion (IST, 5 x 200 m). Prior to this study, the physiological responses to the MSST and WIST were not well understood. Additionally, the degree of association between these two tests was unknown. Therefore, 14 Australian National Women's Water Polo Squad players performed the MSST and WIST, and 13 players from a National Water Polo League club performed the MSST, WIST and IST, on separate occasions. Peak heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for all tests. Expired air was collected post test for the National League players. The results showed that the National Squad players performed significantly better in the MSST (636 ± 114 vs. 437 ± 118 m, p < 0.001) and WIST (270 ± 117 vs. 115 ± 57 m, p < 0.001) than the National League players. ... Absolute decrement yielded TE of 0.55 s (-0.42-0.81), CV of 26.0% (19.3-41.0) and ICC of -0.002 (-0.44-0.44). Relative (%) decrement yielded TE of 1.6% (1.2-2.3), CV of 27.2% (20.1-42.9) and ICC of -0.02 (-0.46-0.42). Results indicate that total time was a reliable measure, whilst decrement was not. Similar to land-based RSA tests, total time should be the criterion measure of performance in the RST. The RST can form part of a specific battery of field tests for water polo, and can also be used as a conditioning tool. The final study (Chapter 7) was a nutritional-intervention study. Based on the time-motion data from study three, a 59-min match simulation test (MST) was designed to mimic the activity profiles and physical demands of water polo match play. Using a randomized cross-over double-blind design, 12 Australian National Women's Water Polo Squad players ingested 0.3 g·kg-1 of NaHCO3 or placebo, 90 min before performing the MST, which included 56 x 10-m maximal-sprint swims as the performance measure. Although pre-exercise ingestion of NaHCO3 was effective in enhancing extracellular pH and bicarbonate levels, the percentage difference in mean sprint times between trials showed no substantial effects of NaHCO3 (0.4; ±0.9%, effect size = 0.09; ±0.23, p = 0.51). The results suggest that elite water polo players should not expect enhancement in intermittent-sprint performance from NaHCO3 supplementation. These findings are contrary to previous NaHCO3 studies on simulated team-sport performance, but this investigation is unique in that it examined highly-trained athletes performing sport-specific tasks. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis add to the existing literature on the applied physiology of women's water polo. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from these findings will lead to more appropriate conditioning, testing and selection outcomes.

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Devys, Simon. "Analyse et optimisation pluridisciplinaire de la performance en vélo tout terrain cross-country olympique (VTT XCO)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0204/document.

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Ce travail de thèse s'articule autour des caractéristiques de la performance dans la discipline du Vélo Tout-Terrain Cross-Country Olympique (VTT XCO). La performance produite dans une situation d’interaction homme-matériel résulte de l’adéquation optimale entre le pratiquant et son matériel. Elle résulte aussi bien de facteurs mécaniques (géométrie et rigidité du cadre, réglage des suspensions, taille des pneumatiques, transmission), biomécaniques (adoption d’un patron de pédalage adapté au terrain), physiologiques (économie du geste, endurance, fatigue) ou encore motivationnels (confiance en soi). La discipline spécifique du XCO a fortement évolué, au niveau réglementaire et technologique, depuis un peu moins d'une décennie. C’est pourquoi l’objectif de mes recherches a été de caractériser à la fois la performance in-situ et en laboratoire de manière à améliorer notre compréhension de la discipline dans son état actuel, afin de proposer des interventions au niveau de l'entrainement et sur des aspects plus fondamentaux du geste de pédalage en VTT. En s’intéressant notamment à la pratique de haut-niveau, à la dynamique des efforts et à certains aspects biomécaniques du pédalage, les résultats de ces travaux nous ont permis de mettre en évidence que le format actuel de course correspond à une épreuve de haute intensité à la fois acyclique et intermittente, mais aussi que la modification du matériel n’entraine pas forcément de changement dans le pattern de pédalage des coureurs
This thesis focuses on performance characteristics in the Cross-Country Olympic Mountain Bike (MTB XCO) discipline. The performance produced in a man-material interaction situation results from the optimal adequacy between the rider and his equipment. It results as much from mechanical factors (frame geometry and rigidity, suspension adjustment, tyre size, transmission) as biomechanical (adoption of a pedalling pattern adapted to the terrain), physiological (economy of movement, endurance, fatigue) or motivational (self-confidence). The XCO's specific discipline has evolved considerably, both in terms of regulations and technology, in just under a decade. Therefore, the objective of my research has been to characterize both in-situ and laboratory performance in order to improve our understanding of the discipline in its current state, in order to propose interventions at the level of training and on more fundamental aspects of pedalling in mountain bikes. By focusing in particular on high-level practice, the dynamics of effort and certain biomechanical aspects of pedalling, the results of this work have enabled us to highlight that the current racing format corresponds to a high intensity event that is both acyclic and intermittent, but also that changing the equipment does not necessarily lead to a change in the pedalling pattern of riders

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Paludo, Ana Carolina. "Esporte e ansiedade pré-competitiva: uma análise dos parâmetros psicofisiológicos e sua relação com o desempenho esportivo em atletas profissionais de futsal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39133/tde-25112016-153047/.

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O estado de ansiedade pré-competitiva e seu possível relacionamento com o desempenho esportivo tem se tornado foco de investigação por diversos pesquisadores, principalmente na área da psicologia do esporte. Entretanto, na modalidade futsal, essa relação ainda encontra-se pouco explorada. Assim o objetivo geral do estudo foi verificar a relação entre ansiedade pré-competitiva e o desempenho esportivo em atletas profissionais de futsal durante os playoffs de um campeonato esportivo. Adicionalmente, buscou-se analisar a possível influência entre a condição de jogo (dentro e fora de casa) e fase do campeonato (quartas de final, semifinal e final) sob as respostas de ansiedade e desempenho, além de aplicar a Teoria da Catástrofe para testar a interação entre ansiedade, excitação fisiológica e desempenho. Para tanto o estudo analisou 16 atletas do sexo masculino de futsal, da categoria sub-20, pertencentes a um clube de elite, do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido durante os playoffs de um campeonato de alta importância para a equipe, sendo as coletadas realizadas nos jogos em casa e fora de casa, nas fases de quartas de final, semifinal e final. Em cada jogo, a coleta ocorreu entre 15 a 30min antes do aquecimento da equipe, sendo avaliados o estado de ansiedade pelo CSAI-2R e a excitação fisiológica pela VFC. O desempenho esportivo foi analisado subjetivamente pelo técnico (questionário em escala Likert). Os tratamentos estatísticos utilizados foram: ANOVA 2x3 para análise da influência da condição e fase do campeonato; a correlação de Pearson para analisar a correlação entre as variáveis analisadas e a regressão linear múltipla que compôs os cálculos da Teoria da Catástrofe. Para todas as análises, foram considerados um alfa de 5%. Como principais resultados destaca-se a relação positiva e significativa da excitação fisiológica e do desempenho entre as diferentes fases da competição. Correlações significativas foram estabelecidas entre as variáveis analisadas, entretanto a maioria delas classificadas como \"moderada\". Através da Teoria da Catástrofe foi possível observar uma positiva interação entre ansiedade, excitação fisiológica e desempenho esportivo. Através dos resultados encontrados, podemos concluir que: o estado de ansiedade pré-competitiva e o desempenho esportivo apresentam uma relação negativa em atletas de futsal. Esta relação pode ser observada com a aplicação da Teoria da Catástrofe, no qual sob altos níveis de ansiedade cognitiva, o desempenho do atleta de futsal tende a diminuir, apenas quando estado de excitação fisiológica estiver elevado. Podemos ainda concluir que a fase da competição pode influenciar significativamente no comportamento dos atletas, através de um aumento no nível de excitação fisiológica conjuntamente com um melhor desempenho com o passar das fases
The pre-competitive state anxiety and it´s possible relationship with the sport performance has become a focus of investigation for many researchers, especially in sport psychology. However in the sport futsal, this relationship is still inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-competitive anxiety and performance of professional athletes of futsal during the playoffs of a championship. Furthermore, in this study the possible influence of the phase and game condition on the anxiety and performance responses was analyzed, additionally, the Catastrophe Theory was used to see the interaction amongst cognitive anxiety, arousal and performance responses. To develop this study, 16 male professional futsal athletes were analyzed, belonging to an elite club of São Paulo, Brazil. The study was conducted throughout the playoffs of an important championship on high level for the team. The samples were collected in home and away venue in phases of quarterfinals, semifinals and finals. The data were collected about 15 to 30 minutes before the warm-up in each game, in which the anxiety by CSAI-2R and the physiological arousal by HRV were evaluated. Performance was analyzed subjectively (Likert Scale questionnaire) and objectively (match analysis). The used statistics treatments were: the ANOVA 2x3 for analyzing the influence of phase and game condition; the Pearson\'s correlation for testing the correlation among the variables (state anxiety, physiological arousal and performance) and for the Catastrophe Theory followed specific statistical tests. For all analyzes the alpha was set on 5%. Among the main results we identified a significant influence of the phase of competition for the pre-competitive physiological arousal and the subjective performance. Significant correlations were found among the variables, however, the majority of them was classified as \"moderate\". The Catastrophe Theory presented a positive application on the interaction among anxiety, physiological arousal by HRV indices and performance. Concerning the findings, we can conclude that the pre-competitive state of anxiety and the performance showed a negative relationship in futsal athletes. This relationship can be observed in the Catastrophe Theory, when under high levels of cognitive anxiety, decrease their performance as a function of the increase of physiological arousal. Beyond that, we can conclude that the phase of the game can influence the athlete\'s behavior. When the phase of championship increases, the athletes show a higher level of physical arousal, plus the great subjective performance

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Opperman, Anna Margaretha. "Meta-analysis and systematic review of the benefits expected when the glycaemic index is used in planning diets / Anna Margaretha Opperman." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/557.

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Motivation: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rapidly increasing in industrialized societies. Experts believe that lifestyle, and in particular its nutritional aspects, plays a decisive role in increasing the burden of these chronic conditions. Dietary habits would, therefore, be modified to exert a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases of lifestyle. It is believed that the state of hyperglycaemia that is observed following food intake under certain dietary regimes contributes to the development of various metabolic conditions. This is not only true for individuals with poor glycaemic control such as some diabetics, but could also be true for healthy individuals. It would, therefore, be helpful to be able to reduce the amplitude and duration of postprandial hyperglycaemia. Selecting the correct type of carbohydrate (CHO) foods may produce less postprandial hyperglycaemia, representing a possible strategy in the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic diseases. At the same time, a key focus of sport nutrition is the optimal amount of CHO that an athlete should consume and the optimal timing of consumption. The most important nutritional goals of the athlete are to prepare body CHO stores pre-exercise, provide energy during prolonged exercise and restore glycogen stores during the recovery period. The ultimate aim of these strategies is to maintain CHO availability to the muscle and central nervous system during prolonged moderate to high intensity exercise, since these are important factors in exercise capacity and performance. However, the type of CHO has been studied less often and with less attention to practical concerns than the amount of CHO. The glycaemic index (GI) refers to the blood glucose raising potential of CHO foods and, therefore, influences secretion of insulin. In several metabolic disorders, secretion of insulin is inadequate or impossible, leading to poor glycaemic control. It has been suggested that low GI diets could potentially contribute to a significant improvement of the conditions associated with poor glycaemic control. Insulin secretion is also important to athletes since the rate of glycogen synthesis depends on insulin due to it stimulatory effect on the activity of glycogen synthase. Objectives: Three main objectives were identified for this study. The first was to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of the GI on markers for CHO and lipid metabolism with the emphasis on randomised controlled trials (RCT's). Secondly, a systematic review was performed to determine the strength of the body of scientific evidence from epidemiological studies combined with RCT's to encourage dieticians to incorporate the GI concept in meal planning. Finally, a systematic review of the effect of the GI in sport performance was conducted on all available literature up to date to investigate whether the application of the GI in an athlete's diet can enhance physical performance. Methodology: For the meta-analysis, the search was for randomised controlled trials with a cross-over or parallel design published in English between 1981 and 2003, investigating the effect of low GI vs high GI diets on markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The main outcomes were serum fructosamine, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerols (TG). For the systematic review, epidemiological studies as well as RCT's investigating the effect of LGI vs HGI diets on markers for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were used. For the systematic review on the effect of the GI on sport performance, RCT's with either a cross-over or parallel design that were published in English between January 1981 and September 2004 were used. All relevant manuscripts for the systematic reviews as well as meta-analysis were obtained through a literature search on relevant databases such as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (1981 to present), EMBASE, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect and PubMed. This thesis is presented in the article format. Results and conclusions of the individual manuscripts: For the meta-analysis, literature searches identified 16 studies that met the strict inclusion criteria. Low GI diets significantly reduced fructosamine (p<0.05), HbA1c, (p<0.03), TC(p<0.0001) and tended to reduce LDL-c (p=0.06) compared to high GI diets. No changes were observed in HDL-c and TG concentrations. Results from this meta analysis, therefore, support the use of the GI concept in choosing CHO-containing foods to reduce TC and improve blood glucose control in diabetics. The systematic review combined the results of the preceding meta-analysis and results from epidemiological studies. Prospective epidemiological studies showed improvements in HDL-c concentrations over longer time periods with low GI diets vs. high GI diets, while the RCT's failed to show an improvement in HDL-c over the short-term. This could be attributed to the short intervention period during which the RCT's were conducted. Furthermore, epidemiological studies failed to show positive relationships between LDL-c and TC and low GI diets, while RCT's reported positive results on both these lipids with low GI diets. However, the epidemiological studies, as well as the RCT's showed positive results with low GI diets on markers of CHO metabolism. Taken together, convincing evidence from RCT's as well as epidemiological studies exists to recommend the use of low GI diets to improve markers of CHO as well as of lipid metabolism. 3 From the systematic review regarding the GI and sport performance it does not seem that low GI pre-exercise meals provide any advantages over high GI pre-exercise meals. Although low GI pre-exercise meals may better maintain CHO availability during exercise, low GI pre-exercise meals offer no added advantage over high GI meals regarding performance. Furthermore, the exaggerated metabolic responses from high GI compared to low GI CHO seems not be detrimental to exercise performance. However, athletes who experience hypoglycaemia when consuming CHO-rich feedings in the hour prior to exercise are advised to rather consume low GI pre-exercise meals. No studies have been reported on the GI during exercise. Current evidence suggests a combination of CHO with differing Gl's such as glucose (high GI), sucrose (moderate GI) and fructose (low GI) will deliver the best results in terms of exogenous CHO oxidation due to different transport mechanisms. Although no studies are conducted on the effect of the GI on short-term recovery it is speculated that high GI CHO is most effective when the recovery period is between 0-8 hours, however, evidence suggests that when the recovery period is longer (20-24 hours), the total amount of CHO is more important than the type of CHO. Conclusion: There is an important body of evidence in support of a therapeutic and preventative potential of low GI diets to improve markers for CHO and lipid metabolism. By substituting high GI CHO-rich with low GI CHO-rich foods improved overall metabolic control. In addition, these diets reduced TC, tended to improve LDL-c and might have a positive effect over the long term on HDL-c. This confirms the place for low GI diets in disease prevention and management, particularly in populations characterised by already high incidences of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and abnormal lipid levels. For athletes it seems that low GI pre-exercise meals do not provide any advantage regarding performance over high GI pre-exercise meals. However, low GI meals can be recommended to athletes who are prone to develop hypoglycaemia after a CHO-rich meal in the hour prior to exercise. No studies have been reported on the effect of the GI during exercise. However, it has been speculated that a combination of CHO with varying Gl's deliver the best results in terms of exogenous CHO oxidation. No studies exist investigating the effect of the GI on short-term recovery, however, it is speculated that high GI CHO-rich foods are suitable when the recovery period is short (0-8 h), while the total amount rather than the type of CHO is important when the recovery period is longer (20-24 h). Therefore, the GI is a scientifically based tool to enable the selection of CHO-containing foods to improve markers for CHO and lipid metabolism as well as to help athletes to prepare optimally for competitions. Recommendations: Although a step nearer has been taken to confirm a place for the GI in human health, additional randomised, controlled, medium and long-term studies as well as more epidemiological studies are needed to investigate further the effect of low GI diets on LDL-c. HDL-c and TG. These studies are essential to investigate the effect of low GI diets on endpoints such as CVD and DM. This will also show whether low GI diets can reduce the risk of diabetic complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy. Furthermore, the public at large must be educated about the usefulness and application of the GI in meal planning. For sport nutrition, randomised controlled trials should be performed to investigate the role of the GI during exercise as well as in sports of longer duration such as cricket and tennis. More studies are needed to elucidate the short-term effect of the GI post-exercise as well as to determine the mechanism of lower glycogen storage with LGI meals post-exercise.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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Choi, Hyongjun. "Definitions of performance indicators in real-time and lapsed-time analysis in performance analysis of sports." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/4369.

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Performance analysis is an objective method of gathering the data of performance, and generally transforms these observations into numerical data. Performance indicators, as well as a selection or elements of sucessful outcome, have often been used in order to feedback augmented information in performance analysis systems, but they have rarely been considered within the classification of performance analysis systems based on timing of analysis and feedback. The main aim of this study is to investigate performance indicators used within real-time and lapsed time systems so that the definitions of the performance indicators, the effectiveness of the performance indicators, their reliability and validity within real time analysis systems can be analyzed.

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Oppermann, Paulo. "Biofeedback's effect on sports performance: a meta-analysis and analysis of moderators." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12826.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University
Since the late 1970s, research and applied work has focused on the use of biofeedback as a technique to assist in the development of sports performance through different means, including improvement of sports skills, reduction of injuries, and improvement of muscle strength, among others. However, there is no scientific work statistically comparing these implementations using biofeedback. A meta-analysis was designed towards this gap in the literature; 33 investigations were gathered and statistically compared. Dependent variables, (e.g. the type of biofeedback, and the number of biofeedback sessions) were treated as moderators and their effect on the overall analysis were calculated. A random effect model was used due to the presence of heterogeneity across studies (I^2 = 54.95 (p<0.001, 95% CI), that included variations on the studies' compared outcomes. The meta-analysis' overall result showed a significant effect of biofeedback interventions on sports performance through a strong effect size, d = 0.72, with a high significance Z= 6.77, p<0.001, (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 - 0.93). Significant moderators' effects were found indicating that studies using EMG modality (d= 0.891, 95% CI 0.60 -1.18,p < 0.001, Z= 6.05), studies with the number of sessions higher than 8 (d = 0.84, 95% CI 0.40 -1.27, p<0.001, Z= 3.77), studies targeting outcomes indirectly linked to sports performance (d = 0.91, 95% CI 0.59- 1.22, p<0.001, Z = 5.64), and studies using biofeedback along with other interventions (d = 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 -1.32, p<0.001, Z= 4.18) had higher effect on the overall analysis. The meta-analysis findings are an important reference for researchers and practitioners using biofeedback, because they indicate that biofeedback interventions have a positive effect on sports performance. Moreover, the meta-analysis point to methodological factors playing an important role on interventions using biofeedback, as studies that had a greater effect were those with methods using EMG biofeedback modality, studies with more than eight biofeedback sessions, studies focusing on outcome measures indirectly related to sports performance, and studies that included biofeedback interventions along with other interventions.

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Sarrazin, Philippe. "Motivation a l'accomplissement dans les activites motrices : mise en evidence de processus et variables affectant les croyances relatives a la nature de l'habilete motrice, le choix d'une difficulte, l'effort fourni et la performance." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112394.

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Ce travail a pour objectif de mettre en evidence certaines variables et processus qui affectent la motivation a l'accomplissement, dans les activites motrices. Il s'appuie sur des donnees issues du paradigme expectation-valence (vroom, 1964), et des theories socio-cognitives contemporaines sur les buts (nicholls, 1989). La premiere partie presente les concepts et theories de la motivation en generale, et de la motivation a l'accomplissement en particulier. Les notions d'expectation, de valence et de motivation a l'accomplissement y sont particulierement developpees. La deuxieme est un approfondissement theorique des deux variables independantes principales (l'orientation motivationnelle vers la maitrise et vers la competition, et l'habilete percue en escalade), assorti de la validation d'outils destines a les mesurer. La troisieme partie propose 1 etude et 7 experimentations regroupees selon 4 themes: les croyances relatives a la nature de l'habilete motrice, le choix d'un niveau de difficulte de la tache, l'effort et la perseverance dans la tache, et la performance. Dans ce qu'ils ont d'essentiel, nos resultats montrent qu'avec un but de competition, la motivation est tributaire d'une perception favorable de son habilete par rapport a autrui. Ce processus peut entrainer des pis-aller quand l'habilete percue est faible: la selection de difficultes extremes, l'adoption de strategies de moindre effort ou le rejet de la situation. Par contraste, quelle que soit l'habilete percue, un but de maitrise entraine la selection d'une tache de defi personnel, et un investissement important et durable, particulierement pour ce type de difficulte. La consistance des resultats valide dans un contexte ecologique et avec une tache motrice d'escalade les hypotheses avancees par certaines theories socio-cognitives contemporaines, celles de nicholls (1989) en particulier, et consacre la valeur du paradigme expectation-valence pour expliquer le fonctionnement de la motivation humaine

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Swarén, Mikael. "Objective Analysis Methods in the Mechanics of Sports." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193044.

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Sports engineering can be considered as the bridge between the knowledge of sports science and the principles of engineering and has an important role not only in improving the athletic performance, but also in increasing the safety of the athletes. Testing and optimization of sports equipment and athletic performance are essential for supporting athletes in their quest to reach the podium. However, most of the equipment used by world-class athletes is chosen based only on subjective tests and the athletes’ feelings. Consequently, one of the aims of this thesis was to combine mechanics and mathematics to develop new objective test methods for sports equipment. Another objective was to investigate the possibility to accurately track and analyse cross-country skiing performance by using a real-time locating system. A long term aim is the contribution to increased knowledge about objective test and analysis methods in sports. The main methodological advancements are the modification of established test methods for sports equipment and the implementation of spline-interpolated measured positioning data to evaluate cross-country skiing performance. The first two papers show that it is possible to design objective yet sport specific test methods for different sports equipment. New test devices and methodologies are proposed for alpine ski helmets and cross-country ski poles. The third paper gives suggestions for improved test setups and theoretical simulations are introduced for glide tests of skis. It is shown, it the fourth paper, that data from a real-time locating system in combination with a spline model offers considerable potential for performance analysis in cross-country sprint skiing. In the last paper, for the first time, propulsive power during a cross-country sprint skiing race is estimated by applying a power balance model to spline-interpolated measured positioning data, enabling in-depth analyses of power output and pacing strategies in cross-country skiing. Even though it has not been a first priority aim in this work, the results from the first two papers have been used by manufacturers to design new helmets with increased safety properties and cross-country ski poles with increased force transfer properties. In summary, the results of this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of using mechanics and mathematics to increase the objectiveness and relevance when analysing sports equipment and athletic performance.

QC 20160927

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Malik, Z. A. "Proteomic analysis of diurnal variation in human skeletal muscle performance." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4511/.

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Phenotyping of human muscle based on its profile of myosin heavy chain isoforms is commonly used to help understand changes in muscle function. However, in many instances, measureable changes in force output or contractility occur in the absence of any change in myosin heavy chain profile. Therefore, more sophisticated analysis is required. Proteomic techniques including 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, high- performance liquid chromatography and peptide mass spectrometry can be used to investigate changes in the abundance of hundreds of proteins simultaneously. To date, such techniques have not been used to specifically characterise the human myofibrillar proteome, or study how the myofibrillar proteome relates to muscle outputs such as peak isometric force or the velocity of contraction. This thesis presents a series of studies that develop proteomic techniques for the analysis of myofibrillar proteins as well as optimisation of techniques for measuring the range of muscle output from isometric through to velocity maximum of the human knee extensor muscles in vivo. After optimisation, the proteomic and muscle function measurement were employed to study diurnal variation. Time-of-day differences in sports performance and muscle function are widely reported, and typically, performance is ~10 % greater in the evening compared to the morning. This is consistent with our result in Chapter 3; we investigated this chapter by conducting a battery of muscle performance tests in a population of well-familiarised participants. Our data show that RFD exhibits the greatest diurnal variation (18 %) followed by isometric force (10.2 %). The diurnal variation in IKD data was less robust (range 8.1 - 9.8 %), which may have been due to the lesser precision of this technique compared to MVC and RFD. Therefore MVC and RFD were used in the final study. In final study, this thesis reports significantly (P<0.05) greater peak isometric force (11 %) and rate of force development (16 %) of knee extensor muscles of young strength-trained males in the evening compared to morning. Proteomic analysis of biopsy samples of the vastus lateralis profiled more than 100 myofibrillar protein species and detected 8 significant differences in protein abundance between morning and evening samples. The greatest difference was in the abundance of the slow isoform of myosin binding protein C (MyBPC1), which is known to modulate the activity of actin-bound myosin ATPases. MyBPC1 was resolved to 6 species; therefore the difference in abundance of one species reported here likely represents a change in post-translational modification. Therefore, this thesis provides associational evidence that post-translational modification of MyBPC1 contributes to the diurnal variation in muscle function.

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Wilson, Robert. "An analysis of factors affecting financial performance in English professional team sports." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2017. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20981/.

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Research activity surrounding professional team sports, is heavily linked to the field of economics and principally the concepts of uncertainty of outcome, competitive balance and profit, utility and win maximisation. These concepts are important as professional sport teams ultimately operate under multiple objectives and, theoretically, to become financially sustainable or make a profit. The two most prominent objectives are generally (1) to maintain a high level of on-field performance and, (2) to maximize offfield commercial business operations in the pursuit of revenue gains. It is widely acknowledged in the existing literature that these objectives are linked but there is no clear consensus as to which is the cause and effect. Normally, in business the fundamental aim is to make profit. However, this situation is not as straightforward in the professional sport industry and in particular sport teams; which make them in particular an interesting and contemporary research focus in the sport management industry. Little evidence also exists which explores the relationships and lessons that leagues can take from each other. Using empirical data, collected from professional sport team financial statements, league tables and the Active People Survey, these papers evaluate the sporting and nonsporting performance of each league (in each of the three sports), the success of ownership structure (in football), the impact on sporting and non-sporting performance of managerial change (in football) and competitive balance (in football). There are three inter-connected dimensions to the research, which provide a coherent analysis of the factors affecting financial performance in the sports identified: first, measuring the performance of individual teams/clubs (sporting and non-sporting); second, factors that affect the performance of individual teams/clubs (ownership and management); and third, the impact of the performance of individual teams/clubs on the league as a whole (competitive balance). These interconnected dimensions allow the identification of where clubs and leagues sit on the theoretical continuum of profit and utility maximisation and, ultimately, the critical factors which lead to positive financial performance. As such, the research portfolio explores a new contribution to knowledge by evaluating these characteristics and how they relate to a professional sport team's strategic direction by examining three popular sports in England, namely; football, rugby union and rugby league.

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Menaspa, Paolo. "Analysis of road sprint cycling performance." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1575.

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Sprint cycling ability is a key determinant of road cycling performance, with many races designed specifically for sprinters. The ability to excel in the final sprint is relevant for both individual riders and teams. Despite the importance of sprints within professional road cycling, the characteristics of professional road sprints and sprinters have yet to be extensively described. Thus, the overall objective of the five research studies contained within this doctoral thesis was to describe road cycling sprint performance and improve the general understanding of the physical, technical and tactical factors associated with such performances. The first two descriptive field studies document the physical and physiological demand of sprint races during actual road cycling competitions. Specifically, Study 1 was designed to quantify the demands of sprinting in the male professional category. Seventeen competitions from six male professional cyclists (mean ± SD: age, 27.0 ± 3.8 y; height, 1.76 ± 0.03 m; weight, 71.7 ± 1.1 kg) who placed Top 5 in professional road races were analysed. Calibrated SRM power meters were used to monitor power output, cadence and heart rate. Data were averaged over the entire race, different durations prior to the sprint (60, 10, 5 and 1 min) and during the actual sprint. Variations in power during the final 10 min of the race were quantified using Exposure Variation Analysis. Power, cadence and heart rate were different between various phases of the race, increasing from 316 ± 43 W, 95 ± 4 rpm and 88 ± 3 % of maximal heart rate in the last 10 min to 487 ± 58 W, 102 ± 6 rpm and 96 ± 2 % of maximal heart rate in the last minute prior to the sprint. The peak power during the sprint was 17.4 ± 1.7 W∙kg-1. Exposure Variation Analysis revealed a significantly greater number of short duration and high intensity efforts in the final five minutes of the race, compared with the penultimate five minutes (p=0.01). These findings quantified the power output requirements associated with high level sprinting in men’s professional road cycling and highlighted the need for both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. In Study 2, the characteristics of successful road sprints in professional and under 23 y male cycling races were compared. As in Study 1, Study 2 also described the exercise intensity for the sprinters throughout final 10 min of the race. Nine successful (Top 3) sprints performed by a professional (PRO: 23 y, 1.76 m, 71.8 kg) and an under 23 (U23: 18 y, 1.67 m, 63.2 kg) cyclist sprinter were analysed in this study. No statisticaldifferences were found between PRO and U23 in the absolute peak power, mean power, duration and total work during the sprint (PRO: 1370 ± 51 W, 1120 ± 33 W, 14.5 ± 2.4 s, 16.2 ± 2.6 KJ; U23: 1318 ± 60 W, 1112 ± 68 W, 12.8 ± 1.1 s, 14.2 ± 1.4 KJ). However, the intensity of the race recorded in the last 10 min prior to the sprint was significantly higher in PRO compared with U23 (4.6 ± 0.3 and 3.7 ± 0.2 W·kg-1, respectively). Race duration, total elevation gain (TEG) and mean power were similar between PRO and U23. In conclusion, the physiological demands leading into road sprints (intensity of the last 10 min) were found to be higher in PRO compared to U23 races. Nevertheless, a similar sprint power output (> 2500 W·Ap-1 or > 15.5 W·kg-1 for approximately 14 s, with a peak power output > 3100 W·Ap-1 or > 19 W·kg-1; where Ap is Projected Frontal Area) indicates that sprint characteristics may be similar in PRO and U23. As a result of the findings observed in the first two studies of this thesis, Study 3 was designed to better understand the effects of variable and non-variable exercises that replicate the intensity of the final portion of road competitions on maximal sprint performance. In this laboratory trial, ten internationally competitive male cyclists (age, 20.1 ± 1.3 y; height, 1.81 ± 0.07 m weight, 69.5 ± 4.9 kg; and VO2max, 72.5 ± 4.4 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed a 12-s maximal sprint in a rested state and again following: i) 10 min of non-variable cycling, and ii) 10 min of variable cycling. Variable and non-variable trials were conducted in a randomized, crossover fashion. The intensity during the 10 min efforts gradually increased to replicate the pacing observed in final sections of cycling road races. During the variable cycling subjects performed short (2 s) accelerations at 80% of their peak sprint power, every 30 s. Mean power output, cadence and heart rate during the 10 min efforts were similar between conditions (5.3 ± 0.2 W∙kg-1, 102 ± 1 rpm, and 93 ± 3 %, respectively). Post exercise blood lactate concentration and perceived exertion immediately after exercise were also similar (8.3 ± 1.6 mmol∙L-1, 15.4 ± 1.3 (6-20 scale), respectively). Peak and mean power output and cadence during the subsequent maximal sprint were not significantly different between the three experimental conditions (p≥0.14). These results indicate that neither the variable nor the non-variable 10 min efforts performed within this study impaired the sprint performance in elite competitive cyclists. Due to the importance of the elevation gain variable in road cycling, the fourth study of this thesis was methodological and investigated the consistency of commercially available devices used to measure the TEG during races and training. This chapter was separated in two observational validation studies. Garmin (Forerunner 310XT, Edge 500 Edge 750 and Edge 800; with and without elevation correction) and SRM (Power Control 7) devices were used to measure TEG over a 15.7 km mountain climb performed on 6 separate occasions (6 devices; Study 4a) and during a 138 km cycling event (164 devices; Study 4b). TEG was significantly different between Garmin and SRM devices (p The final study of this thesis was an analysis of technical and tactical factors that influence sprint performance in professional competitions; particular focus was put on the TEG which was a factor identified as a potential cause of fatigue. More specifically, the subject of Study 5 was the highest international ranked professional male road sprint cyclist during the 2008-2011 seasons. Grand Tour sprint stages were classified as WON, LOST, or DROPPED from the front bunch prior to the sprint. Video of 31 stages were analysed for mean speed of the last km, sprint duration, position in the bunch and number of teammates at 60, 30, and 15 s remaining. Race distance, TEG and mean speed of 45 stages were determined. Head-to-head performances against the 2nd to 5th most successful professional sprint cyclists were also reviewed. Within the 52 Grand Tour sprint stages the subject started, he WON 30 (58%), LOST 15 (29%), was DROPPED in 6 (12%) and had one crash. Position in the bunch was closer to the front and the number of team members was significantly higher in WON compared to LOST at 60, 30 and 15 s remaining (p In conclusion, the general findings of this thesis were as follows: as expected, exercise intensity significantly increases in the last 10 min of relatively flat road races; there is a significantly greater number of short duration and high intensity efforts in the final 5 min of competitive road cycling races when compared with the penultimate 5 min; sprint duration and peak power output does not differ between PRO and U23 races and is approximately 13 s and 17 W∙kg-1, respectively; the physiological demands in the 10 min before the sprint are higher in PRO compared to U23 races; neither a variable nor a non-variable 10 min lead up effort appears to impair the sprint performance of elite competitive cyclists; measurements of elevation gain are consistent within devices of the same brand, but differed between brands or when different settings were used; and technical and tactical aspects of road sprinting are related to performance outcomes.

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Schenk, Merritt. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Antecedent and Consequent Interventions to Enhance Sports Performance." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7928.

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Sports research in behavior analysis is becoming increasingly popular. As the proliferation of research continues, multiple interventions have been shown to help enhance sports-related performance. However, different intervention components are rarely if ever used alone, which has created a limitation with the current body of research. To begin to address this limitation, this study had three experiments to evaluate some different components of video recording procedures and behavioral skills training (BST) to facilitate performance enhancement. Experiment 1 separated video modeling and video feedback to see which component best improved pitching form in Little League baseball players. Experiment 2 evaluated video self-evaluation and video feedback to evaluate which component best improved swing form of recreational golfers. Experiment 3 separated the different antecedent and consequence components of BST (instruction and feedback) to see which component best improved safe-tackling form in Pop-Warner football players. Results showed that consequent interventions were more effective than antecedent interventions. We discuss the importance of the results to current literature, and how they might guide future research.

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Figliozzi, Miguel A. "Performance and analysis of spot truck-load procurement markets using sequential auctions." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1432.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Wright, Craig Michael. "The integration of performance analysis approaches within the practice of competitive sports teams." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16737/.

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The current body of research has used positivistic approaches to establish performance related variables emerging from various levels of play associated with technical and tactical parameters within elite football. However there is a dearth of knowledge considering how information derived from performance analysis (PA) techniques has been implemented within elite football environments. As a result the purpose of this thesis was to explore the focus of analysis by coaches and analysts and subsequently how PA techniques and approaches were utilised within sporting environments to facilitate this. In order to address this area of research, five chapters were completed to build upon the existing literature and create new knowledge in the area. In doing this a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches were developed in the studies identified below. Chapter One: The initial literature review investigated how the evolving role of PA and the associated proliferation of positions and internships within high performance sport have driven consideration for change, or at least wider use of PA. In order to explore the evolution of PA from both an academic and practitioner perspective this study considered the wider conceptual use of PA. The key aim of the chapter was to provide a critical review of the use of PA and considerations for practice. This section acts as a grand literature review to set the context for a number of key themes explored in the subsequent chapters of the thesis. Chapter Two included two parts, the primary aim was to investigate the PA tools and approaches employed by sports coaches and analysts and their perception of its value. Study One Part A focused on the coaches’ approaches. Method: A stratified sample of forty-six coaches were selected to complete an online-survey relating to their engagement with match, notational and technique analysis. Results: Most coaches (68%) were provided with a DVD or edited clips after every game, whilst 16% would receive this service following most games. 64% of coaches used PA tools to provide video clips for other coaches and their support staff, 68% provide a video of the opposition, 64% collate quantitative game data and 55% use PA to create video based motivational DVD’s. Just under half of the coaches (43%) would use some form of live coding and analysis during games, whilst 39% would also receive a written post report including game statistics. PA information informed the coaches’ short term planning (93%), medium term planning (80%) and long term planning (70%). 91% of coaches identified that their coaching philosophy would impact on their selection of KPIs, whilst 43% also identified that their ‘gut instinct’ would often impact on their selection. Discussion: The key findings from this study provided specific insight relating to how coaches engage with PA approaches. In particular, these findings inform specifically on how PA impacts on their coaching practices within a number of different contexts. Study One Part B, identified the role which performance analysts play within football clubs and how these roles differ within professional and academy settings. Comparisons were drawn between the two levels because of the potentially varied approaches. This study also addressed the dearth of research regarding the role of match analysts, in relation to the provision of feedback via match and notational analysis techniques and systems. Method: An exploratory study was conducted using an online questionnaire formed using knowledge collected from current match analysts working in elite football, academics working within the areas of PA (tutors who teach PA and interact with student and analyst employers within football clubs) and from the current literature. The questionnaire was completed by 48 match analyst practitioners working within elite football clubs. 32 of the analysts were predominantly working in a professional team setting, while 16 were predominantly working in an academy setting. Results: When comparisons were made between the two groups of analysts a number of key differences were identified in relation to the provision of pre-match feedback, post-match feedback and the value the analysts gave to certain PA approaches. Discussion: Further insight has been provided into the importance of the role that analysts play in enhancing the observation, analysis and feedback strategies employed by elite level football teams. The key findings established within Chapters One and Two provided a platform to establish themes which would be central in informing interview discussion points in the subsequent phase of data collection. Chapter Three: Study Two quantified and described player perceptions of PA. Despite the wider spread employment of PA within the coaching process little, if any, consideration has been given to the context in which PA delivery takes place and subsequently impacts on the players receiving such information. The objective of the study was to identify player perceptions of PA use within football environments. Method: A mixed methodology was employed, 48 male footballers from three different English Championship Football Clubs completed an online questionnaire. Following this 22 players were selected using an opportunistic sample to complete a semi-structured interview. Results: Individual perceptions and practical realities surrounding the different consumers’ interaction with PA were explored during interviews and the results were analysed and presented using hierarchical content analysis. Discussion: Through the systematic analysis three important features emerged, all of which were consistent across all clubs and standards of play: (1) the level of debate and player interaction differed greatly during video feedback sessions, (2) the use of video analysis is central to player self-reflection but the level of engagement with self-reflection varied across players, (3) The majority of players preferred some delay before receiving video feedback. These factors have provided further insight to the practical contexts in which PA is used and perceived by elite players. Only limited consideration has been given to how coaches might view performance and how this is translated into analysis, match insight and subsequent behavioural change. To address these shortcomings Chapter four (Study Three Part A) attempted to provide an understanding of the individual perceptions of coaches and analysts, how they view performance, and thus work jointly to conduct subsequent analysis. Reflecting these factors Study Three Part A aimed to: (1) Establish what factors elite coaches and performance analysts value in terms of their assessment of performance; (2) To examine the congruency between the values and philosophies of coach and analyst with specific reference to how they view and assess performance. Method: A sample of 25 coaches and 23 analysts from 5 clubs across the top 3 tiers of English domestic football were interviewed to establish the use of PA within their club. Results/Discussion: The hierarchical content analysis established 71 higher order themes and 287 lower order data themes from the results. Key themes which emerged suggested that central to congruence were factors related to role clarity, effective communication and discussion via the means of post and pre-match reviews. A central concept to congruence was the extent of the ‘buy in’ by each coach to the process and content associated with PA, and fundamental to this was the rapport and trust established within these relationship groups. A number of important concepts were also identified relating to what factors were valued in terms of their assessment of performance. In a number of instances dissonance was identified between a coach’s conceptual description of their philosophical approaches and their practical utilisation of PA and their analysts.
Currently little is known about the specific and effective integration of analysis in an applied setting within high performance football clubs. As a result Study Three Part B was primarily concerned with the practical issues and solutions coaches and analysts face when implementing PA techniques within their everyday practice within football clubs. Specifically this thesis was concerned with exploring how elite coaches and analysts employ PA techniques in practice and how their PA strategies facilitate feedback, planning and preparation for performance. Results/Discussion: Hierarchical content analysis established 72 high order themes and 308 lower order themes. PA clearly had an impact within a number of applied practices within football clubs, these included: pre and post-match planning, transfer of PA information into deliberate practices and the setting and monitoring of individual and team training objectives. Evidence also established that performance analytics were employed in reviewing a range of sports science related information to answer key performance questions each club might have. PA was central in the use of feedback, de-briefing and pre-match opposition meetings. Despite this the extent to which coach and analyst had an understanding of pedagogical issues surrounding the delivery of such sessions varied greatly. This model presented an overview of the factors impacting on the implementation of PA within the football environments investigated.

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Stanek, Tyler. "Player Performance and Team Revenues: NBA Player Salary Analysis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1257.

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The National Basketball Association (NBA) generated well over $4 billion in revenues during the 2014-15 season. I analyze the value of a win to a team in terms of revenue and examine the potential underpayment or overpayment of players and superstars throughout the league relative to their marginal revenue product (MRP). My findings suggest that players are overpaid, especially superstars. However, it is important to consider the fixed-revenue streams a team receives before assuming a player is simply overpaid compared to his MRP. In congruence with previous literature, I find that veterans are overpaid at the expense of younger players’ lower salaries. I also look at the drivers of a player’s salary and find that general managers tend to overpay for points relative to other statistics.

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Giambrone, Jesenia. "Using Video Self-Evaluation to Enhance Performance of Competitive Dancers." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7153.

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This study used a multiple baseline across behaviors design to evaluate the use of video self-evaluation on the performance of dance movements. The self-evaluation condition included training participants how to view a video of them performing the dance movement and evaluate their own performance from video using a task analysis of the movement. Each participant applied the self-evaluation procedure to three separate dance moves. Target behaviors were scored using an individualized task analysis for each dance move. Self-evaluation improved all three dance moves for each participant. Self-evaluation produced an increase in all target behaviors from baseline to intervention for each participant. Social validity was also assessed, which yielded high likability of the procedure from the participants as well as social significant increases in target behavior performance as assessed by proficient dance instructors. Though some increases in performance were gradual, self-evaluation is proposed to be an effective, efficient, and accessible procedure to increase performance of competitive dance movements.

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Groom, Neil R. "Towards an understanding of the use of video-based performance analysis in the coaching process." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13020.

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Recent scholarly writing has located performance analysis firmly within the coaching process. Although the what of performance analysis regarding system design and reliability has been well documented, the how and the why or use of video-based performance analysis within the coaching process remains less understood. Therefore, this thesis sought to develop an empirically-based understanding of some of the realities of the use of video based performance analysis feedback within the coaching process. Within a broad ethnographic framework, this thesis followed three key phases of data collection and analysis. Within phase one, a grounded theory methodology, was used to explore the what and why of the delivery of video-based performance analysis in elite youth soccer. Data were collected from interviews with 14 England youth soccer coaches. Through an iterative process of constant comparison, categories regarding Contextual Factors, Delivery Approach and Targeted Outcomes were highlighted. Within phase two, coach-athletes interactions were examined in situ over the course of a 10-month English Premier League Academy season to explore the how of the delivery of video-based feedback. Data were analysed using the techniques and procedures of conversation analysis combined with a social power analysis drawing upon the work of Bertram H. Raven. Analysis of the interactions revealed that the coach attempted to exercise control over the sequential organisation of the session, via asymmetrical turn-taking allocations, an unequal opportunity to talk, control over the topic of discussion within the interactions, and the use of questioning to select speakers to take turns to talk. Within phase three, a narrative ethnographic approach was utilised to examine the how and why of the in situ narrative construction of professional knowledge and coaching identity within video-based feedback sessions. Data were collected during the same 10 months of ethnographic filed work, as presented in phase two, with a Premier League Academy Head Coach. Additionally, in-depth interviews stimulated by video-based reflection were used to explore the participant coach s early interactional practices and subsequent changes in practice in the following four years. Data analysis was conducted using theoretical concepts of identity from the work of Anselm Strauss and revealed a number of features of the development and transformation of identity of the participant coach. Here, a reflective examination of authoritarian interactional practices and the consequences of those practices were critically considered against the creation of a positive self narrative in the development of the participant coach s professional knowledge. The empirical findings of the present thesis have highlighted some the what, why and how of the use of video-based performance analysis within the coaching process. This work has furthered understanding regarding the pedagogical practices which impact upon the delivery of video-based performance analysis feedback. In addition to broadening sports coaching s theoretical and methodological repertoire, the applied value of this work is grounded in the need for coaching practitioners to become more critically reflective about the use of video-based performance analysis within the coaching process, and the impact of their interactional practices upon the coach-athlete relationship.

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Welle, Scott T. "Exploratory analyses of optimism, anxiety, and performance expectancies among novice golfers in a naturalistic setting." Click here to access thesis, 2005. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/commentframe.php?sid=42&fid=archive/Fall2005/swelle/welle%5Fscott%5Ft%5F200501%5Fms.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.K.)--Georgia Southern University, 2005.
"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Kinesiology with an emphasis on Sport Psychology in the Jiann-Ping Hsu School of Public Health" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-21) and appendices.

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Metcalfe, Alan J. "The performance analysis of power output in professional male road cyclists." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1970.

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Athletes regularly monitor exercise workload in an attempt to improve and maintain exercise performance. Within road cycling, workload is commonly measured using power output. Yet, it is plausible that power output during road cycling is influenced by several factors such as topography, road gradient or rider specialities. If these factors do influence power output they may influence quantification of workload demands. As such, the purpose of this thesis was to improve our understanding of external workload in professional road cycling and describe the factors which influence power output during performance analysis. Specifically, this thesis examined the power output within single stage (1 day, Study One) and multi-stage races (4-21 days, Study Two, Three and Four). The within seasonal changes in power output of professional cyclists were also examined (Study Five). Study One calculated the frequency distribution of maximal power output (POpeak) values during road cycling events over different topography categories and analysed the power output 600 s prior to POpeak using a new time series analysis called changepoint. Changepoint estimated the four largest statistical changes in power output to find distinct segments. Seven professional male road cyclists (mean ± SD: age 29.5 ± 2.8 y, mass 69.7 ± 5.5 kg, height 182 ± 5 cm) participated in Study One and were all members of a single professional cycling team. It was found that a greater frequency of POpeak values (54%) occurred during flat stages in the final 80 to 100% of race time compared with the previous 0 to 80% race time. Using changepoint, power output was lower (P <0.05) in segment four compared with POpeak in all topography categories (flat: 235 vs. 823 W, semi-mountainous: 157 vs. 886 W and mountainous: 171 vs. 656 W). These results demonstrate that POpeak values occur at differing time points depending on the topography category and that changepoint demonstrated its ability to analyse power output data. Study Two calculated the maximal mean power (MMP) of professional cyclists from grand tour events. The MMP was examined across various topographies and rider specialities. Study Two also examined the percentage of race time spent in different power output bands between topographies, road gradients and rider specialities. Thirteen male professional cyclists (mean ± SD: age 25 ± 3 y, mass 69 ± 7.5 kg, height 178 ± 0.5 cm) participated in Study Two. MMP for durations longer than 1200 s were greater in semi-mountainous and mountainous stages, when compared with flat stages (1200 s: 5.1 ± 0.2, 5.2 ± 0.3, 4.5 ± 0.3 W·kg-1 respectively; P <0.05). Sprinters and climbers spent greater percentage of race time at a power output greater than 7.5 W·kg-1, when compared with general classification riders and domestiques (11.3, 11.4, 7.1 and 5.3%, respectively; P <0.05). A greater proportion of race time was spent at a power output above 3.7 W·kg-1 when cycling at a road gradient greater than 5% (P <0.05), compared with road gradients 0 to 5% and less than 0%. In conclusion, caution should be taken when comparing MMP between different races of varying topography or rider specialities. It was found in Study Two that MMP differs between flat and mountainous stages. Given that critical power (CP) can be estimated from MMP values during competition it is plausible that such differences will influence CP estimation. It is also plausible that difference in MMP between flat and mountainous stages is because cyclists are able to produce greater power output uphill rather than on flat gradients. As such, Study Three examined the use of MMP in the estimation of CP when calculated from stages of differing topographies. Also, Study Three compared estimated CP from a flat (mean gradient 0.4%) and uphill (mean gradient 6.2%) field-based test. Data from thirteen professional male road cyclists (age 29 ± 4 y, height 171 ± 0.9 cm, mass 67 ± 8.2 kg) were analysed. No differences (P >0.05) were observed in estimated CP between topography categories. However, a large effects size (d = 0.8) was observed in CP between flat stages and both semi-mountainous and mountainous stages. Estimated CP was 11.6% lower in flat field-based test, compared with the uphill field-based test (5.0 vs. 5.6 W·kg-1). Study Three demonstrates a large difference between estimated CP from alternative topography categories and from two different gradient specific field-based tests. With an 11.6% difference in CP observed in Study Three between 0 and 6.2% road gradients, Study Four investigated the magnitude of change in 1 and 5 min MMP from grand tour mountain stages. Road gradients of -5% to +5% were compared chronologically from lowest to highest. Seven professional male road cyclists (age 30 ± 4 y, height 169 ± 8 cm, body mass 69 ± 9 kg) from two professional cycling teams were analysed. In total 50 mountainous stages were analysed in Study Four from grand tours between 2011 and 2016. Power output from road gradient -1% was lower (P <0.001) in both 1 and 5 MMP compared with 0% (2.4 to 3.3 and 2.2 to 3.1 W·kg-1, respectively). Power output from road gradient 1% was lower in both 1 and 5 MMP compared with 2% (3.6 to 4.2 and 3.4 to 4.1 W·kg-1; (P <0.05)). These results highlight the need to consider road gradient when using power output for cycling performance analysis. Study Five described the within-season external workloads of professional male road cyclists for optimal training prescription. Four professional male cyclists (mean ± SD: age 24 ± 2 y, body mass 77.6 ± 1.5 kg, height 184 ± 4.3 cm) from the same professional cycling team were monitored for 12 months. Within three seasonal phases (phase one: Oct-Jan, phase two: Feb-May and, phase three: June-Sept), the volume and exercise intensity during training and racing was measured. Total distance (3859 ± 959 vs 10911 ± 620 km) and time (240.5 ± 37.5 vs 337.5 ± 26 h) was lower (P <0.01) in phase one compared with phase two, respectively. Total distance decreased (P <0.01) from phase two compared with phase three (10911 ± 620 vs 8411 ± 1399 km, respectively). Mean absolute (236 ± 12.1 vs. 197 ± 3 W) and relative (3.1 ± 0 vs. 2.5 ± 0 W·kg-1) power output was higher (P <0.05) during racing compared with training, respectively. These results highlight the importance in acknowledging the difference in volume and intensity changes during a season. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that cycling power output is affected by multiple factors including topography, road gradient and a rider’s speciality. Caution should be taken when interpreting cycling performance analysis using power output measures such as MMP and CP.

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Gaffaney, Tyler. "An Analysis of the Contract Year Phenomenon in the NBA: Do Players Perform Better or Worse." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/768.

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The present study uses a novel measure of over performance (percent deviation from career average) to analyze the contract year phenomenon in the NBA. Historically, the literature has pointed toward over performance across almost all statistical measures of performance. However, previous research has assumed that all players are universally affected by the presence of a contract year in the same manner. The present study finds significant results that contradict previous research by dividing the sample of players into subgroups by age, career PER and position. Furthermore, the results of this paper’s statistical analysis illustrate the first examples of systematic underperformance in a contract year. More specifically, this study finds that for certain subsets of players, shooting percentage, usage percentage and field goal attempts decrease in the presence of a contract year.

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Clare, Elliot. "Characteristics of scoring instances during the 2016 Australian Football League Home and Away Season." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2385.

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There is an abundance of sports-science related research on Australian Rules football (ARF). However, there is a paucity of research examining the factors contributing to instances of scoring (accurate scores [a ‘goal’; 6 points] and near misses [a ‘behind’; 1 point]) and the characteristics of those instances (e.g. proximity to goal) in both the Australian Football League (AFL; the premier national competition) and the lower levels of the game. Furthermore, goal conversion percentage, i.e. the number of goals divided by the number of scoring instances, has recently been deemed the performance indicator most associated with a successful (i.e. winning) match outcome. Yet, there is limited research detailing the goal conversion percentage from different types of shots (i.e. a ‘set shot’ [unopposed attempt resulting directly from a free-kick or a ball caught on the full] or a ‘general play shot’ [within free play]), on- field locations and time periods. The principal purpose of the present research was to improve our understanding of the characteristics of scoring instances in elite ARF by quantifying: 1) the source (whether that be a ‘kick in’ [a set play that guarantees possession of the ball to a team following the scoring of a behind against them], a ‘stoppage’ in play [a neutral contest that sees one of the games’ officials start/restart the play for the beginning of each quarter, following the scoring of a goal, out of bounds or when the ball’s motion is halted due to congestion] or a ‘turnover’ [losing possession of the ball to the opposition during general play]) and on-field starting location of the chain of events leading to a score (‘chain origin’), 2) the mode by which the ball was transferred to goal, including whether and where the ball commenced from within 50 m of the defensive goal (‘rebound 50’) and/or within 50 m of the offensive goal (‘inside 50’), 3) the duration of the uninterrupted transfer to goal (the ‘scoring chain’), 4) the on-field location of where shots occurred from, the type of shot used, type of score that was recorded (i.e. ‘goal’, ‘behind’ or ‘rushed behind’; the latter occurring when a player deliberately disposes, punches or carries the ball over their own goal line, resulting in one point being conceded) and the ‘goal conversion percentage’ (i.e. the number of goals divided by the number of scoring instances excluding rushed behinds) from each on-field location and shot type, and 5) the time of match at which scores were registered as well as the goal conversion percentage within particular time periods. The secondary purpose of the present research was to determine whether the characteristics described above differed between winning and losing teams. Video footage for all 198 matches of the 2016 AFL home and away season was obtained from the AFL and analysed using SportsCode, which enabled coding of the characteristics described above. In total, 9599 scoring instances were coded, consisting of 5110 goals, 3615 behinds and 874 rushed behinds, with teams scoring an average of 89 points per match, three more points than in the previous two seasons. Turnovers accounted for the largest proportion of scoring instances, followed by stoppages; very few occurred via kick-ins. The majority of scoring instances originated from the forward half of the ground, specifically in the attacking midfield area, whilst few originated from the defensive 50 m area. Instances occurring closer to the offensive goal required less time and fewer passes (player-to-player ball transfers [i.e. ‘disposals’]) to create a scoring opportunity. Scoring attempts were more frequently performed at distances of 30 - 50 m from goal but were more accurate when within 30 m; set shots were more accurate than attempts that occurred in general play. The frequency of scoring instances did not vary throughout matches, with no significant differences apparent between halves, quarters or sub-periods (5- and 10-min periods). Also, goal conversion percentage was not significantly influenced by time, although some qualitative variations were observed. Of the 9599 scoring instances registered during the 2016 AFL home and away season, 5621 (58.56%) and 3978 (41.44%) were scored by winning and losing teams, respectively. Winning teams averaged 108 points to the losing teams’ 70, leading to an average winning margin of 38 points. Despite winning teams recording a significantly greater number of scoring instances, the majority of characteristics for both teams’ scoring instances did not differ significantly. There was, however, a significant difference in the goal conversion percentage between winning and losing teams, particularly for scoring instances in general play, which was noticeably greater than for set shots. Similarly, winning teams consistently converted their shots at a higher percentage than losing teams across all quarters, with the difference most pronounced in the fourth quarter. In conclusion, the present research complements literature across other ball sports; describing how and when the best teams score. The characteristics of scoring instances in elite ARF were not dissimilar to those of soccer and field hockey, both of which feature goals that are located centrally. This would insinuate that tactics employed within these particular codes are interchangeable, thus, the results of the present research have practical applications for sports other than ARF. With respect to ARF, the characteristics of winning and losing teams’ scoring instances were comparable, however winning teams produced a greater number of scoring instances and converted a greater proportion of these into goals. The present research adds to the ever-growing body of work describing the tactics of ARF teams and their players, at the elite level of the sport, with particular reference to scoring.

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Hargesson, Markus, and Tobias Ljungholm. "“Sitter sex i väggen, då finns det inget att diskutera” : en studie om betyg och bedömning av den praktiska färdigheten i ämnet specialidrott på sex av Sveriges innebandygymnasier." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2810.

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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet har varit är att öka kunskapen om lärares bedömning av elevers praktiska färdighet i innebandy på den nationella idrottsutbildningen (NIU). Vidare syftar studien till att jämföra lärarnas bedömning med kursplanens kunskapskrav. Vilka färdigheter är det som de intervjuade lärarna bedömer hos eleverna? Hur bedömer de intervjuade lärarna elevernas färdigheter? Hur erfar de intervjuade lärarna arbetet med bedömning och betygsättning? Metod Med hänsyn till studiens kvalitativa ansats valdes intervju som metod. Studien avgränsar sig till de lärare som undervisar innebandy som specialidrott. Urvalet gjordes med hänsyn till geografisk spridning. I studien deltog sex lärare från sex olika skolor i landet.Som teoretisk ansats användes en mätteori där verklighetsmängden, lärarnas uttryckta bedömningar, jämfördes mot symbolmängden, kursplanens uttryckta bedömningar. I analysen av lärarnas bedömning användes ”Performance analysis” som utgångspunkt. Resultat Resultatet visade att lärarna bedömde eleverna i teknik, tekniskt användande, taktik, rörelse, och beteende utifrån modellen ”Performance Analysis” samt fysisk förmåga och elevernas utveckling över tid. Bedömningarna skedde på olika sätt, men med en tyngdpunkt på den subjektiva bedömningen. Lärarna erfar betygsprocessen som utmanande och att riktlinjerna för bedömning är otydliga i styrdokumenten. Slutsats Lärarna är väl lämpade för att genomföra bedömningar på goda grunder utifrån forskning om idrottsliga prestationer. Deras erfarenhet tillsammans med de bedömningar de som de gör, ger en god grund för en prestationsbedömning. Det saknas dock tydliga riktlinjer från Skolverket och Svenska Innebandyförbundet om vilka färdigheter som ska bedömas och hur bedömningarna ska ligga till grund för betygsättningen. Detta innebär att bedömningen ser annorlunda ut från skola till skola och på det följer en betygssättning som riskerar att inte vara likvärdig.
Aim The aim of this study has been to investigate how teachers assess students practical skills in floorball at the Elite Sports Programs in the Swedish Upper Secondary School. Furthermore, the study aims to compare teachers assessment with the standards of attainment formulated by The Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE) What skills do the interviewed teachers assess? How do the interviewed teachers assess the student’s skills? How do the interviewed teacher experience the work with assessment? Method With regards to the study's qualitative approach interview was chosen as method. The study delimits itself to the teachers who teach floorball as special sports. The selection was made taking into account the geographical spread and six teachers from six different schools participated in the study. As a theoretical approach, a measure theory were used where true amount, the teachers expressed assessments, compared to the symbol rate, the curriculum expressed judgments. The analysis of teachers' assessment used the model of "Performance analysis" as departure point. Results The results show that teachers assessed students in technique, technical use, tactics, movement and behavior based on the model, "Performance Analysis", as well as physical ability and pupils development over time. The assessment differed and there was an emphasis on a subjective assessment. Teachers experienced the grading process as challenging and fuzzy regarding the guidelines from the SNAE. Conclusion Teachers are well capable of assessing. Their basis for assessment is in accordance with research of athletic performance. There are no clear guidelines from SNAE or the Swedish Floorball Federation regarding the skills that should be assessed and furthermore how the assessment should form the basis for grading. This means that the assessment differs from school to school, with the risk that the grading is based on different grounds.

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Chan, Ping-Cheung Patrick. "Relevant attributes in assessment for design features of indoor games halls the application of importance-performance analysis /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Chuckravanen, Dineshen. "Multiple system modelling and analysis of physiological and brain activity and performance at rest and during exercise." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/8435/.

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One of the current interests of exercise physiologists is to understand the nature and control of fatigue related to physical activity to optimise athletic performance. Therefore, this research focuses on the mathematical modelling and analysis of the energy system pathways and the system control mechanisms to investigate the various human metabolic processes involved both at rest and during exercise. The first case study showed that the PCr utilisation was the highest energy contributor during sprint running, and the rate of ATP production for each anaerobic subsystem was similar for each athlete. The second study showed that the energy expenditure derived from the aerobic and anaerobic processes for different types of pacing were significantly different. The third study demonstrated the presence of the control mechanisms, and their characteristics as well as complexity differed significantly for any physiological organ system. The fourth study showed that the control mechanisms manifest themselves in specific ranges of frequency bands, and these influence athletic performance. The final study demonstrated a significant difference in both reaction time and accuracy of the responses to visual cues between the control and exercise-involved cognitive trials. Moreover, the difference in the EEG power ratio at specific regions of the brain; the difference in the ERP components’ amplitudes and latencies; and the difference in entropy of the EEG signals represented the physiological factors in explaining the poor cognitive performance of the participants following an exhaustive exercise bout. Therefore, by using mathematical modelling and analysis of the energy system pathways and the system control mechanisms responsible for homeostasis, this research has expanded the knowledge how performance is regulated during physical activity and together with the support of the existing biological control theories to explain the development of fatigue during physical activity.

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Wing, Christopher E. "Phases of play in Australian football: Analysis of running and technical match performance." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2605.

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Australian Football (AF) matches consist of high and low intensity activities and specific periods of play. Previous research has identified maximum periods of high intensity using a rolling time frame approach. However, the development of a non-uniform analysis method may be more desirable in intermittent type sports. Additionally, there is a paucity of information within the published literature that describes how to use such data to improve training design and subsequent monitoring. Furthermore, the physical and technical characteristics of specific phases of play have been identified in recent research. However, these findings can be developed further by ascertaining the effect of playing position, field location and successful/ unsuccessful play. The impact of factors such as venue and a player’s physical capacity and the constraints these may have upon performance should also be systematically analysed. The purpose of the present PhD research project, therefore, was to gain a greater understanding of the physical and technical demands of AF in specific phases of play, and how this data can be used to evaluate performance and inform training program design. To achieve this, six studies were included in the project to identify maximum periods of play using the ball in play (BiP) method, whilst additionally contextualising these time periods with key technical actions (e.g., kicks) (Study 1), the physical and technical demands of offence, defence, and contested phases of play, and how these outputs may be affected by playing position, successful and unsuccessful play, field location, environment and players’ physical capacity (Studies 3 and 5). Additionally, the intensity distribution was compared between competitive matches and small-sided games during training (Study 4). Based on this, position specific drills were established and running intensities in the drills were investigated (Study 6). Study one ascertained the maximum running intensities of ball in play (BiP) periods, and contextualised these with technical (e.g., kicks) actions. The findings demonstrated that maximum BiP period intensity was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than that derived using whole match data methods for all measured metrics (relative distance high-speed running, very high-speed running, PlayerLoadTM, high-intensity efforts, and acceleration efforts). However, no significant differences were found between playing positions. A technical action (e.g., a kick) was recorded in 21-48% of the maximum BiP periods, depending upon the primary microsensor technology metric assessed, with kicks and handballs constituting > 50% of all actions performed. Study two uniquely assessed the impact of sudden rule changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 season) upon match running performance and injuries within AF. The total distance (ES=1.28), high-speed ( > 18 km/h) (ES=0.44) and very high-speed ( > 24 km/h) (ES=0.27) distances, PlayerLoadTM (ES=0.96), high-intensity efforts (ES=0.48), and accelerations (ES=0.33) were smaller (p ≤ 0.01) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. Expressed relative to playing time, distance (ES=-0.38), PlayerLoadTM (ES=-0.27), and acceleration efforts (ES=-0.50) were greater (p < 0.05) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. No significant differences in maximum ball-in-play periods nor the difference between the 1st and 4th quarters were evident. Injury rates remained similar between 2019 (3.36 per game) and 2020 (3.55 per game). However, the proportion of injuries that led to lost time (missed games) was greater for the 2020 (38%) than 2019 season (24%). The changes in the rules had a profound impact on player performance and increased the likelihood of time loss injuries. Study three compared the physical and technical demands between offence, defence, and contested phases of play within playing positions (backs, forwards, and midfielders). Furthermore, study two ascertained the effect of field location upon offence, defence, and contested play, as well as making comparisons between successful and unsuccessful offence and defence. The results indicated that relative measures of distance, high-speed running, accelerations and decelerations were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in defence versus offence and contested play for backs, and in offence versus defensive and contested play for forwards. Amongst midfielders, only relative measures of distance and high-speed running were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in offence versus defence and contested play, with no significant differences between phases for accelerations and decelerations. Successful offence was underpinned by greater physical and technical demands for midfielders and forwards, whereas the opposite was found for backs. Unsuccessful defence was largely categorised by increases in physical output, whereas tackles and marks were increased in successful defence. Larger field locations (e.g., full ground) recorded the highest distance and high-speed running per minute, however, no pattern was evident for acceleration or deceleration efforts relative to playing time. These findings demonstrate that phase of play (offence, defence, contested), as well as successful and unsuccessful phases have different physical and technical demands, which vary between playing positions and field location. Study four compared the intensity distribution of BiP periods from competitive matches to the intensity distribution of SSGs in 10% intensity buckets, using maximum BiP periods as a reference point. Although few significant differences were noted between BiP periods from matches and SSGs, several players were unable to record the same percentage of efforts in the higher intensity buckets. Specifically, 25 of 67 players (37%) did not record any SSGs efforts within intensity buckets classified as ≥ 90% for relative distance. Additionally, 33 of 67 (49%) and 28 of 67 (42%) of players recorded no SSGs efforts in buckets classified as ≥ 80% for relative measures of high-speed running and acceleration efforts respectively. Therefore, SSGs are a sub-optimal training stimulus for the purpose of exposing all players in a team to the running intensities recorded in the most intense periods of play. Study five examined the effect of both match (e.g., venue) and player (e.g., physical capacity, and playing experience) factors on the physical and technical performance of players in successful offence and defence, as well as maximum BiP periods. The main findings regarding match factors were highlighted during successful defence, where playing at home significantly reduced both distance and high-speed running relative to playing time (moderate effect size), as well as significantly increasing the rate of tackles (small effect size). During successful offence, 1-repetition maximum trap bar deadlift relative to body mass significantly increased relative distance (large effect size), and high-speed running (moderate effect size). During successful defence, increased performance (i.e., shorter time to completion) upon the two-kilometre time trial significantly increased relative distance (large effect size), high-speed running (large effect size), and acceleration efforts (moderate effect size). Additionally, increased two-kilometre time trial performance significantly increased relative distance and high-speed running within maximum BiP periods (both large effect size). Playing experience had a significant effect upon the rate of kicks and marks in successful offence, where those with moderate experience performed a greater amount (both moderate effect size). Furthermore, those with lower playing experience performed greater relative distance and high-speed running in maximum BiP periods (both moderate effect size). Study six established position specific drills and assessed their utility to match or supersede the running intensities recorded during maximum BiP periods from competitive matches, whilst concurrently training the technical (e.g., kicks) actions commonly recorded in AF. Three drills were designed for this purpose, which included offence, defence, and a combination drill (where two players performed the drill at the same time, one as the forward and one as the back). All three training drills recorded significantly greater (p < 0.001) measures of distance, high and very high-speed running, and high-intensity efforts relative to playing time when compared to maximum BiP periods. Only the defence drill recorded significantly (p < 0.001) greater measures of PlayerLoadTM and accelerations relative to playing time than BiP periods. Conversely, accelerations per minute were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in BiP periods than those recorded during both the offence and combination drill. When comparing the drills to each other, all measured metrics were significantly (p < 0.001) greater for the defence drill when compared to the offence drill, whilst distance, high-speed running, PlayerLoadTM, and accelerations were significantly (p < 0.001) greater when compared to the combination drill. These findings demonstrate that a position specific drill may be an attractive addition to AF players training regimes where the aim is match, or supersede, the highest intensity periods derived from competitive matches whilst concurrently training technical aspects of performance. The findings demonstrate that utilising discrete analysis methods (BiP, offence, defence, contested) can provide greater detail for practitioners concerning the physical and technical characteristics of AF matches. Additionally, these characteristics may be influenced by factors such as playing venue and a player’s levels of physical capacity. The data presented within the studies may be used to optimise representative training (e.g., SSGs) or a position specific drill may be integrated into training in order to expose players to the relevant physical and technical demands. Future research should explore additional features (e.g., change of direction, collisions, time to execute skill) that may enhance the application of position specific drills, as well as exploring if the uptake of such drills improves aspects of both physical (e.g., time trial performance) and match performance (e.g., running intensity, skill execution).

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Mathews, Gretchen. "Publicly posted feedback with goal setting to improve tennis performance." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002622.

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Lopez, Felip Maurici Abraham. "A SCALE TO MEASURE THE COMPLEXITY AND PERCEPTUAL-COGNITIVE SKILLS IN SOCCER." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1489.

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The complexity of dynamical systems (spanning brain, body and environment) can yield complex adaptive behaviors from non-linear interactions of individuals in space and time. A lack of reliable instruments to assess these varying behaviors results in inferences of how changes in behavior occurred over an extended period of time rather than being based on direct scientific measures. The aim of this study was to develop a scale of complexity and perceptual-cognitive skills' assessment in the sport soccer and to evaluate structural and criterion reliability. Based on the embodied cognition literature, the construct of this scale was identified with three dimensions to assess perceptual-cognitive performance of players when acting within different levels of complex team synergies. A sample of 10 soccer coaches - group A (n = 5 coaches; M = 24 yrs professional coaching experience) and group B (n = 5 coaches; M = 1 year of amateur coaching experience) were recruited to participate in the study. A total of 100 clips of 10 previously recorded soccer matches were analyzed in two assessment periods with one month between the end of the first assessment and the beginning of the second. This resulted in a combined total of 1000 measures used for the study. The results demonstrated that high skilled coaches were more reliable in the complexity dimension (r = 0.87) and also in the decision making dimension (r = 0.79) than low qualified coaches (r = 0.79) and (r = 0.71) respectively; and the complexity dimension was more stable across trials between professional and amateur coaches in the first data collection i (r = 0.79) and second data collection (r = 0 .73) than the decision making dimension (r = 0.50) and (r = 0.43) respectively. These findings indicate that this scale is reliable across applications and at different times with high and low qualified coaches. The use of the scale may be useful for identifying elements of emerging complexity at the team-fractal-player level; determine a perceptual-cognitive profile in athletes; and to better understand complex tactical dynamics in soccer.

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Martin, Kezia Faye. "The Effectiveness of Brief ACT Exercises on Practice Performance for Basketball Players." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2687.

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The purpose of this study was to add to the existing body of research supporting the efficacy of ACT in improving performance and psychological challenges athletes experience. Three collegiate women’s basketball players participated in the current study in a multiple baseline design across participants. Two of the three subjects received the ACT only condition and individualized ACT plus mindfulness (IACT+M) treatment conditions. Subject three entered the IACT+M condition directly following baseline. Free throws, Mikan drill and three-ball dribbling where the three skills being assessed as well as psychological flexibility using two the assessment tools. The results suggest that brief ACT interventions may be useful for improving practice performance for collegiate basketball players. Participant one had an average increase for free throws by M=12.9%, a M=5% increase in the Mikan drill, and M=3.3% increase in the three-ball drill. Participant two had an average increase of M=7.3% for free throws, M=1.8% increase in the Mikan drill and M=0.4% increase in the three-ball drill. Participant three had an average increase of M=13% for free throws, 1.8% increase in the Mikan drill and a M=2% increase in the three-ball drill.

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Espig, Nico. "Untersuchungen zur weiteren Vervollkommnung der Anschlagtechniken Liegend und Stehend im Biathlonschießen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149166.

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Der Anteil der Schießleistung in Bezug auf die Komplexleistung gewinnt durch die Einführung neuer und kürzerer Wettkampfdisziplinen sowie durch die zunehmende Verdichtung der Weltspitzenleistung immer mehr an Bedeutung. Neben den allgemeinen Schießtechnikelementen Atmung, Abzug, Zielen und Anschlag sowie deren optimaler Koordination können Körperschwankungen und Anschlagsstabilität als wesentliche Einflussgrößen der Schießtechnik im Biathlon benannt werden. Zielstellung dieser Untersuchung war die Aufhellung des komplexen Beziehungsgeflechts der Schießtechnik in den Anschlagsarten Liegend und Stehend im Biathlon. Auf der Grundlage der sportartspezifischen Anforderungen des Biathlonschießens, wurden in beiden Anschlägen, in Abhängigkeit anthropometrischer Merkmale (z. B. Alter und Körpergröße) sowie in Abhängigkeit der Art der Vorbelastung, die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Anschlagsstabilität und der Anschlagsgestaltung, im Hinblick auf möglichst geringe Bewegungen der Laufmündung im Moment der Schussabgabe, als Voraussetzung für sichere Trefferergebnisse, analysiert. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde ein komplexer Schießmessplatz eingesetzt, welcher die synchrone Erfassung und Analyse von Kraft-Zeit-Verläufen an den Kontaktstellen Sportler-Gewehr, Bewegungen an der Laufmündung, Schwankungen des Systems Sportler-Waffe, die Belastungsverteilung der Auflagepunkte auf der Unterstützungsfläche sowie Winkel und Winkelveränderungen der Anschlagsposition in der Schussvor- und Nachbereitung sowie im Verlauf einer kompletten Schussserie ermöglicht. Im Rahmen einer Evaluationsstudie konnten über einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren eine Vielzahl von leistungsrelevanten Parametern identifiziert werden. Neben der Präzisierung des sporttechnischen Leitbildes konnten Norm- und Richtwerte als Orientierungsgrößen für den Techniktrainingsprozess abgeleitet werden. Auf der Basis der Erkenntnisse aus der Evaluationsstudie, ist es im Rahmen einer spezifischen Interventionsstudie gelungen, Möglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, eine Steigerung der Schießleistung durch Abbau entsprechender Leistungsdiskrepanzen zu erreichen.

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Thompson, Shannon. "The role of anxiety in mental tumbling blocks." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/921.

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Mental tumbling blocks are a problem in sports such as cheerleading where the athlete has an unexplained fear related to performing a skill that has been previously executed successfully. The current study compared participants with and without a mental tumbling block on self-report measures of anxiety and on vocal analysis data indicating if anxiety or fear is present. Participants were female cheerleaders who ranged in age from 10 to 16 years old. The Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2; Smith, Smoll, Cumming & Grossbard, 2006) and the Cheerleading Fear Inventory (CFI; modified from Cartoni, Minganti, and Zelli, 2005) were used in addition to vocal analysis measures assessing pitch and intensity. These vocal analysis measures were taken under two conditions while the cheerleader was interviewed (1) about tumbling and (2) about school. Results indicated that athletes with a mental block reported higher somatic anxiety, concentration disruption, and overall anxiety on the SAS-2 than participants who did not have a mental tumbling block. Similarly, athletes with a mental tumbling block reported higher scores on the CFI than athletes without a mental tumbling block. In addition, athletes with a mental tumbling block showed higher pitch on the vocal analysis measure than athletes without a mental tumbling regardless of interview condition. Finally, several significant correlations emerged between scores on the SAS-2, the CFI, and the vocal analysis measures. These results are discussed in terms of the existing literature, and practical suggestions are offered that may help coaches understand how to effectively handle mental blocks at practice.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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Peer, Andrea J. "Performance Testing and Modeling of Ultra-High Strength Steel and Complex Stack-Up Resistance Spot Welds." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1493403670252986.

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Broh, Beckett A. "Dumb jock or student athlete? : a longitudinal analysis of the effects of playing high school interscholastic sports on academic performance /." Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1184185981.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sport performance analysis'

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