Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sport and Exercise Psychology'
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1
Campbell, Caleb W. "Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychologists as Proxy-Agents for Exercise." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10742576.
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The current study is exploratory in nature and is the first to consider Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychologists (SEPP) as proxy-agents for exercise. The primary focus is on three questions: Who would be interested in using a SEPP as a proxy-agent for exercise, do certain factors influence interest, and what specific self-regulatory mental skills are certain people interested in learning from a SEPP?
Two hundred and twenty-eight participants anonymously completed a survey online through Qualtrics. To answer the first question, participants in the age ranges of 18–22 and 23–49 were most interested and participants in the age range of 50 and higher were least interested. Participants who reported making less than $20,000 a year were the most interested, and participants who reported making more than $150,000 were the least interested. Participants who identified as being in the contemplation and action stages of change showed the most interest, whereas participants in the maintenance stage of change showed the least. To answer the second question, self-regulatory efficacy negatively influenced interest, whereas proxy-efficacy positively influenced interest. For the final question, participants were most interested in learning skills to manage their energy, and least interested in help reducing anxiety towards exercise from a SEPP. This study’s findings are important to the growing body of research regarding the best practices to embed long-term commitment to exercise behavior in individuals.
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orothea, Rachel Dorothea. "Psychosocial perspectives of sport and exercise participation during adolescence." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5732.
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Scientific evidence attests to the health-related benefits of habitual physical activity. Coexisting with this evidence are findings which show that most people do not exercise with sufficient frequency, intensity or duration to accrue the benefits associated with participation. The focus of concern in the current research was on an adolescent population. In this cross-sectional study patterns of sport and exercise participation were related to self and social factors. The survey contained the Physical Self-Perception Profile-PSPP (Fox and Corbin, 1989) used to examine self-perceptions in the physical domain; the Perceived Importance Profile-PIP (Fox and Corbin, 1989) used to investigate the importance of feeling competent in each of the PSPP subdomains; scales especially designed for this research which measured socialisation influences on physical activity; and a scale to measure 'body-constancy', a factor thought to relate to the disruption/inconvenience associated with activity. Altogether, data were collected from 604 young people from ages 11 to 18 years (mean age 13.26, sd 1.48). The results showed a significant downward trend in participation with age, with males more active than females at all ages. However mean levels of participation were above the recommended minimum, suggesting that only the minority were sedentary. Males scored significantly higher than their female counterparts on all self-perception variables, as well as perceiving greater peer support for activity. There was an equal perceived influence from parents, although this declined with age. Further evidence for the validity of the PSPP was obtained from this sample. The results supported the notion that the process of down-rating competence acts to buffer self-esteem, but further work was advocated to validate the PIP with adolescents. Regression analysis showed that physical self-perceptions, perceived importance, peer and parental influence, age and gender all contributed to the prediction of participation. Altogether, 26% (adjusted) of the variability in participation was predicted. The results were discussed in a developmental context, which considered the future for youth sport participation.
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Addison, Tamsin. "The perception and appraisal of pain in sport and exercise." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252312.
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Tibbetts, Erica. "Understanding Incarcerated Women's Motivation to Exercise." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/327641.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Women make up only 7% of the incarcerated population (Guerino, Harrison, & Sabol, 2012). However, this number is rising exponentially. The female prison population has increased eight-fold since 1980 (Carson & Gionelli, 2013). Up to 70% of women who are incarcerated will recidivate (Mallik-Kane & Vischer, 2008). A major contributor to this rapid increase and high rate of recidivism is that women's physical and mental health needs are not met while they are incarcerated. Creating gender sensitive programming that addresses women's physical and mental health needs while they are incarcerated and that can influence their lives after they leave could help decrease recidivism and increase the quality of life of thousands (Bloom, Owen, & Covington, 2003). While structured exercise programs are being offered with more frequency in women's prisons to help address these mental and physical health problems, attendance has been low and program staff struggle to retain participants. This research examined women's motivation to exercise, what they felt were benefits of engaging in physical activity, and what they perceived the barriers to physical activity are while incarcerated. The study was conducted in conjunction with an indoor cycling class being offered at the Philadelphia County Women's prison. Twenty-four women enrolled in the study and completed pre-program interviews and pencil and paper measures. Twelve women completed a follow up test; six graduated from the cycling program; six dropped out. Results show that women who build connections (relatedness) with instructors and peers are more likely to adhere to a structured exercise program, and that the basic psychological needs laid out by Self-Determination Theory are related to adherence. Additionally, women can internalize a range of reasons for and benefits of exercise that can help them overcome a range of institutional, individual, and environment barriers evident in a correctional setting.
Temple University--Theses
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Samaha, Christopher Jude. "Relationship Between Leisure Sport and Exercise Participation and Psychological Benefits for Horsemen." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/15824.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
This study was a description of horsemen's perceived psychological benefits and liabilities derived from leisure sport and exercise participation. The horsemen that participated in this study were active trainers or grooms who stabled their horses at a training center. Sixty-six horsemen completed the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale: 2, Stress Profile, and this researcher's inventory of horsemen's activities entitled Samaha Horsemen's Activities Questionnaire (SHAQ). Seven horsemen were interviewed to obtain qualitative data. Two of the seven horsemen were omitted from the analysis due to no or limited responses to the questions. Quantitative data results revealed that leisure participation in exercise activities positively correlated with greater well-being, physical self concept, and total self concept scores. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between time devoted to participation in exercise and stress scores. The horsemen that participated in this study work in professional harness racing. An allowable and acceptable leisure activity is gambling. However, results indicated that there were statistically significant negative relationships between time spent gambling and physical self concept, well-being, and exercise and sport participation. Horsemen who were above the median on participation in sport and exercise had significantly higher physical self concept and well being scores than those who were below the median. The results indicate that participation in a variety of exercise and sports as well as time devoted to leisure physical activity had the strongest relationship with improved well-being. Analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed two major themes (limitations and perceived outcomes) and three subthemes within limitations (time, injury, and competitiveness) and perceived outcomes (socialization, physical, and psychological well-being) that described horsemen's participation in leisure sport and exercise. A central conflict emerged within horsemen's reluctance to become assertive in addressing their limitations. Horsemen viewed limitations in participation in sport and exercise as time, injury, and competitiveness. Those who participate in leisure sport and exercise were assertive in addressing their own limitations. The perceived outcomes were physical, socialization, and psychological benefits. Participants expressed that leisure sport and exercise provided possible benefits regardless of their involvement or adherence to an exercise program.
Temple University--Theses
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Schiphof, Lieke. "La dépendance à l’exercice comme construit multidimensionnel : étude de ses origines, caractéristiques et conséquences." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113010.
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Cette thèse avait pour objectif de mieux comprendre le phénomène de la dépendance à l’exercice en étudiant la relation de celle-ci avec des facteurs motivationnels et personnels variés. Différentes théories concernant la motivation, le perfectionnisme et l’estime de soi ont été utilisée afin de déterminer les facteurs les plus fortement liés avec la dépendance à l’exercice. Après le développement d’échelles de passion et de perfectionnisme adaptées à une population d’âges diverses, trois études empiriques ont été réalisées. La première étude a révélé quatre clusters distincts basés sur les profils motivationnels des individus. Le cluster incluant un grand nombre d’individus avec des scores très élevés pour la passion obsessive et le perfectionnisme socialement prescrit obtenait les scores les plus élevés pour la dépendance à l’exercice. La deuxième étude a démontrée, à l’aide des corrélations canoniques, une forte relation entre la passion obsessive et les différentes composantes de la dépendance à l’exercice. Finalement la troisième étude a démontré que la relation entre le perfectionnisme et la dépendance à l’exercice peut être médiée par la passion obsessive et par l’estime de soi dépendant du sport. La conclusion de cette thèse est alors que la passion obsessive est fortement liée à la dépendance à l'exercice, et que le perfectionnisme et une estime de soi fortement dépendant du sport jouent probablement un rôle important dans le développement de cette dépendance à l’exerciceThe objective of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the concept of exercise dependence, by studying its relationship with a variety of motivational and personal factors. Different theories concerning motivation, perfectionism and self-esteem have been used in order to determine which of those factors were most strongly related to excercise dependence. After adapting the passion and perfectionism scales for use in populations of different ages, three empricial studies have been realized. The first study revealed four different clusters based on the motivational profiles of the individuals included. The cluster containing an important number of individuals with very high scores on obsessive passion and socially prescribed perfectionism obtained the highest scores for exercise dependence. The second study has shown, by using canonical correlations, a strong relationship between obsessive passion and the different composing factors of exercise dependence. Finally, the third study has revealed that the relationship between perfectionism and exercise dependence can be mediated by obsessive passion and by a self-esteem depending on sport. The conclusion of this thesis is therefore that obsessive passion is strongly related to exercise dependence, and that perfectionism and a form of self-esteem extremely dependant on sport, probably play an important role in the development of this exercise dependence
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Ruggieri, Jason. "ROWERS' PERCEPTIONS OF EXERCISE ADHERENCE AND ROWING CULTURE: A MIXED-METHODS INVESTIGATION." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/143619.
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KinesiologyM.S.
The purpose of this study was two-fold: to quantitatively explore competitive rowers' perspectives of the benefits and barriers to exercise, and to use follow-up qualitative interviews to elicit insight into rowers' views of their sport culture, personal experience, and what it takes to be a dedicated, adherent athlete. A mixed-methods approach was used with online surveys and semi-structured interviews. Participants were club and university rowers in the Northeast Atlantic region, all of whom were at least 18 years of age and actively rowing at the time of study One hundred thirty-one athletes, 77 female and 54 male, participated in the quantitative phase of the study. The online survey included the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), a 43-item, 4-point Likert scale measure, and a Basic Demographics Questionnaire (BDQ). The EBBS measured perceived benefits of and barriers to physical exercise. Statistical analysis revealed no strong correlations between the EBBS factors and demographic data. An eight-factor solution resulted, with five benefits (psycho-physical competence, daily functional efficiency, psycho-emotional stability, preventative health, and social interaction) and three barriers (personal inconvenience, physical exertion, and family encouragement). The eight-factor solution correlated strongly with the original nine-factor solution from Sechrist, Walker, and Pender (1987). Nine participants, five men and four women, participated in follow-up interviews. Interviews were performed at a time and place convenient for the rower. The purpose of the interview was to elicit specific, genuine, rich content related to their rowing experience and how the benefits and barriers to physical activity and their place in rowing culture affect exercise adherence. Using an inductive-deductive approach prescribed by grounded theory, two core categories and additional sub-categories were developed in the coding process. From the data analysis, hindering factors and facilitating factors emerged as the core categories. Physical conditioning and health, optimization of personal characteristics, psycho-emotional stability, strong social community, environment, and interpretation of perceived barriers were subsumed under facilitating factors. The following sub-themes were contained in hindering factors: exercise demands, environment, and social issues. Rowers perceived strongly the benefits of their rowing experience, and stated that barriers are inherent to exercise and they are responsible for adapting to them.
Temple University--Theses
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Dyrlund, Allison. "The Effects of Music Preference and Exercise Intensity on Exercise Enjoyment and Perceived Exertion." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/549.
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In spite of the well-known physical and psychological benefits of exercise roughly 50% of people who start an exercise program will have dropped out within six months. Therefore, it is important to examine the determinants of exercise adherence. Past research has shown that enjoyment is an essential factor in exercise adherence. Additionally, music has been shown to influence exercise enjoyment. The music and enjoyment literature has generally included most preferred and no music conditions, yet no one has considered a least preferred music condition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of music preference and exercise intensity on exercise enjoyment and perceived exertion. Participants (N=200) began by completing a music preference questionnaire. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of three music preference conditions (most preferred, least preferred, or no music). Next, they were asked to walk/run on a treadmill at one of three randomly assigned exercise intensities (low, moderate, or high) for 20 min. Following the exercise, participants completed an exercise enjoyment scale and a music satisfaction scale. Participants completed a measure of attentional focus (AFQ) as a trait measure before the exercise and as a state measure following the exercise. Perceived exertion was measured using Borg's RPE scale at the 10 and 20- min mark. A 3 (Music Condition) X 3 (Exercise Intensity) ANCOVA was conducted on enjoyment levels. There were no significant main effects and no significant interactions for music or intensity. A 3 (Music Condition) X 3 (Exercise Intensity) ANCOVA conducted on RPE scores revealed a significant main effect for intensity, F(2, 166) = 99.60, p <.01, r| = .55. There was no main effect for the music conditions and no significant interaction. A one-way ANOVA conducted on the music satisfaction questionnaire was significant, F(l, 130) =67.56, p <.00, r| = .34, with those in the most preferred music condition reporting higher levels of satisfaction with music choice than those in the least preferred music condition. An exploratory analysis, a 3 (Music) X 3 (Intensity) ANOVA conducted on enjoyment using participants that had paid attention to the music revealed a significant main effect for music, F(l,86) = 4.18, p = .044, accounting for roughly 5% of the variance in exercise enjoyment. Results of the study indicated that music preference does matter, as long as one pays attention to the music. If one pays attention to the music being played during exercise, then that person will enjoy that exercise significantly more than if she is listening to music she likes compared to music she does not like. Music preference does not appear to affect one's perceived effort during exercise. Results also revealed that the higher intensity at which a person is exercising, the more effort she will feel like she has to put forth. The results of the current study question the financial worth of health exercise facilities making music individualized for their patrons. Individualized music stations will be beneficial only to those patrons who pay attention to the music.
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Bartlett, Michelle. "Intense training in sport monitoring the effects on immune function and mood state /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4902.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 96 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hurst, Howard Thomas. "Physiological responses to very short duration hypoxic exposure and its use for improving sprint performance during intermittent exercise." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2010. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20104/.
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Altitude training has been the subject of much research over the past forty year. However, research has focused on endurance performance and prolonged exposures to hypoxia have generally been employed to bring about improvements in performance. Few studies have investigated the responses to very short duration altitude exposures and its effects on performance. Moreover, research into the benefits of altitude training for improving the restoration of sprint performance during high intensity intermittent sports remains scarce. Therefore, this thesis aimed to determine the very acute responses to hypoxic exposure and the efficacy of repeated very short duration hypoxic exercise on recovery of sprint performance during intermittent activity. In addition, the thesis also aimed to determine the effect of such a training modality on oxidative stress levels and cellular damage during repeated sprint activity. Study one investigated the acute cerebral and skeletal oxygenation and cardiorespiratory responses to a single bout of very short duration (15 mm) hypoxic exposure (3048 m; F102 = 0.143) at rest and during exercise, and compared these to normoxic values. Both exercise conditions were performed at 65% of AP4lR max. The results of the study found that very short duration, hypoxic training stimulated significantly greater decreases in cerebral TOl over normoxic exercise (55.73 ± 2.77 and 64.02 ± 7.28%, respectively). Cerebral AHHb (31.07 ± 14.20 pmoFL 1 ) was also found to be significantly greater during hypoxic exercise than normoxic exercise (6.42 ± 8.04 pmoFLj and resting hypoxia (19.06 ± 7.40 pmohL 1 ). Skeletal TOI was not significantly different across all test conditions. However, skeletal AHH b (32.22 ± 20.81 pmolL 1 ) was significantly greater during hypoxic exercise than during resting hypoxia (10.23 ± 6.97 pmolL 1 ). Oxygen uptake and respiratory rate were not significantly different between normoxic and hypoxic exercise conditions, with mean V02 being 1.89 ± 0.03 and 1.83 ± 0.34 Lmin 1 for normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise, respectively. Mean respiratory rates were 27.32 ± 6.27 and 24.63 ± 5.24 breaths.min for normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise, respectively. These significant differences between conditions suggest greater 02 extraction rates during very short duration hypoxic exercise than during normoxic exercise or resting hypoxia. It was therefore proposed that a short course of very short duration hypoxic exposure may elicit improvements in the efficiency of 02 uptake and utilisation during intermittent exercise and subsequently lead to a reduction in oxidative stress during such activities. Resulting from the findings of study one, study two investigated the cerebral and skeletal oxygenation, cardiorespiratory and haematological changes in response to very short duration (15 mm) hypoxic training (HT) 3 times per week for three weeks compared to comparable normoxic training (NT). In addition, the study also evaluated the effectiveness of the hypoxic training programme on restoring sprint performance during an intermittent performance test (IPT) and the effects this protocol had on oxidative stress levels, as determined by MDA analysis. The results found that very short duration HT significantly increased RBC and F -id postintervention by 8.39% and 5.89% respectively, whilst Hb increase by 5.38% postintervention, though this was not to a level of significance. In contrast the NT group reported non-significant decreases post-intervention for Hb (3.36%) and RBC (0.61%), whilst Hd decreases significantly (5.31%). No significant differences were reported for MDA either pre or post-intervention or between groups. No significant differences were reported between the HT and NT groups or pre and post-intervention for any cerebral or skeletal tissue oxygenation variables. However, the HT showed greater increases in skeletal AHHb over the NT group during the sprint efforts of the IPT (79.99 ± 30.17 and 55.46 ± 29.00 pmolL 1 , respectively). Similar observations were also reported during the IPT's recovery periods, with mean AHHb being 64.53 ± 23.04 and 48.29 ± 28.31 pmoFL 1 , for the HI and NT groups, respectively. Additionally, no significant differences were found for sprint Wmean and Wak between the groups post-intervention. However, the HT group increased Wmean by 11.99% post-intervention compared to the 3.75% increase by the NT group. Comparable increases were also noted for W 3k, with the HT group improving 11.82% post —intervention and the NT group improving only 3.45%. No significant differences were found between the HI and NT groups or pre and post-intervention for V02 or respiratory rate during both sprint and recovery periods. However, the HI group generally showed non-significant decreases in both parameters, whilst the NT group showed no change from pre-intervention levels. This thesis found that despite significant improvements in haematological variables in the HT group over the NT group, very short duration hypoxic training does not improve the restoration of sprint performance during intermittent activity significantly more than comparable normoxic training. However, in general, the hypoxic training group did elicit greater levels of improvement. Thus, the results of this thesis may reflect more, the relatively low number of participants in the studies, and not that the changes reported were meaningless. Improvements of approximately 5% in blood parameters and almost 12% in power output are still likely to be of interest to the intermittent sports performer, as such improvements may make a difference during critical periods of a match or race.
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Sit, Hui-ping Cindy. "Motivational orientations and sport participation in youth : a comparison of achievement goal theory and reversal theory /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24873056.
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Lindahl, Jonas. "Motivation research in the field of sport and exercise psychology : A bibliometric study of research themes and informationflow between 1985 and 2009." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71169.
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Objectives: The objectives of this bibliometric study was to provide an overview of the intellectual structure of motivation research in the field of sport and exercise psychology (SEP), and to show how the intellectual structure of the field has changed over time. A secondary purpose was to explore the potential of longitudinal citation based science mapping within SEP, and further, in the sub-area of motivation research in SEP.Research questions: (1) How did the intellectual structure of motivation research within the field of SEP evolve between 1985 and 2009 with respect to research themes and topics? (2) How did the flow of information, in terms of citations, between sub areas take shape within motivation research in SEP between 1985 and 2009?Data: 739 articles published between 1985 and 2009 were used in this study. Field delineation and data collection was conducted with a multi-database approach based on controlled vocabulary. The dataset was furthermore expanded by citation-based extension.Methods: A cluster analysis was performed on the retrieved articles based on normalized bibliographic coupling (i.e., based on shared references topically similar articles was placed in mutually exclusive groups). The cluster analysis resulted in 19 clusters that were classified by a subject expert from the field of SEP. Further, the labeled clusters were visualized as research fronts along timelines subdivided into timeslices – 1985-1994; 1995-1999; 2000-2004; 2005-2009 – showing the growth and decline of research topics within motivation research in SEP. Direct citations between the research fronts was extracted and visualized in order to explore information flow.Results: Some main findings were: (1) timeslice 1985-1994 consisted of a dispersed collection of research fronts. No dominating research theme or theoretical framework could be discerned in this period; (2) the timeslices of 1995-1999 and 2000-2004 was dominated by achievement goals oriented research; (3) during timeslice 2004-2009 self-determination theory oriented research underwent a drastic growth. This timeslice was dominated by achievement goals oriented research and self-determination theory oriented research. In the direct citation network highly influential research fronts (i.e., influential research themes) could be identified. The top five with respect to received direct citations was: (1) Task-ego achievement goals 1; (2) Task-ego achievement goals 2; (3) Self-determination theory 1; (4) Motivational climate; (5) Percieved competence and motivation among children and youth.
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Canady, Andrea. "Eating disorder symptoms and exercise motivations across exercise investment levels among female distance runners." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33879.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of eating disorder symptoms and differences in exercise motivations in female distance runners at various exercise investment levels. One hundred and seven distance runners, aged 19 to 59 years, who run a minimum of five kilometers, three times per week, were asked to complete three questionnaires. The runners across exercise investment levels were not found to differ in Eating Disorder Inventory sub-scale scores. They differed from college women only in exhibiting fewer symptoms on Drive for Thinness (p < .05), Body Dissatisfaction (p < .001), and Interoceptive Awareness (p < .001). Significant differences in the Exercise Orientation Questionnaire sub-scale scores were found between the least and most exercise-invested runners with the latter scoring significantly higher on Exercise Orientation (P < .0001), Identity (p < .004), and Competition (p < .002). It was concluded that while eating disorder symptoms among female distance runners at various investment levels are no different, exercise motivations are different across levels of exercise.
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Baird, Shannon M. "Who do you think you are? constructing self/identity in women's rugby through aggression, control and unacceptable behavior." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/459.
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Some behaviors in sport may be labeled: bad, unnecessary and distasteful. Sport psychologists have used concepts of aggression to understand and lessen these behaviors. To date, most research has conceptualized aggression as a product of individual cognition. Specifically, aggression is defined in the sport psychology literature as any behavior motivated by the intent to harm one's opponent (Baron, 1977; Bredemeier & Shields, 1986b; Husman & Silva, 1984; Kirker, Tenenbaum & Mattson, 2000). Consequently, sport psychology analyses of aggression tend to reproduce take-for-granted conceptions of aggression as male, physical and other-directed. To better understand sport aggression, it has been argued that symbolic interactionism has much to offer (Baird & McGannon, 2009). By utilizing symbolic interactionism we can reconceptualize aggression as a social construct given meaning in and through interaction with self and others. From this perspective, self notions and interactions with others are important "locations" of meaning making and are significant in the study of behavior.
The present study used symbolic interactionism to explore female rugby players' experiences of aggression and how they interpret, define and structure experiences relative to self development. In conjunction with participant-observation, 12 semi-structured interviews with female rugby players ages 18-45 were conducted to explore: (1) how do women define themselves as ruggers/how do they (re)produce these identities in and out of rugby, (2) how do women define and experience aggression, and (3) how are these accounts used in the construction of self/identity?
Data emerging from interviews and observations suggested that athletes defined and experienced behavior in ways challenging contemporary sport psychology conceptualizations of aggression. The participants often used the word aggression to describe forceful and physical play. In sport psychology literature, this is typically referred to as assertive behavior (Husman & Silva, 1984; Tenenbaum, Saks, Miller, Golden, & Doolin, 2000) and aggressive behavior is a label reserved for unacceptable behavior motivated by the intent to harm (Tenenbaum et al., 2000). According to the women in this study, unacceptable behavior was not defined by intent; rather, unacceptable behavior was a negotiated space that was constructed through notions of lack of control. That is, if a player was constructed as out of control, that player was seen as engaging in unacceptable behavior.
In terms of self/identity construction, pain, contact and aggression emerged as important in the (re)production of self-related experiences within and outside of rugby. Within rugby these characteristics indicated a player's rugbyness. Outside of rugby these characteristics were often exhibited by non-rugby players as proof that rugby was a male sport. These participants both resisted and reinforced that notion. Rather than (re)define rugby by other female characteristics, these athletes used their rugby selves to say that pain, contact and aggression are not male only behaviors. The women used the bruises on their bodies to claim their rugby selves and prove, "I'm more than you think I am."
This research offers a unique glimpse of female collision athletes' experiences of aggression and contributes a new conceptualization of "unacceptable" behavior to the existent sport psychology literature.
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Fields, Marc. "The Effect of Task Versus Ego Oriented Feedback on Exercise Enjoyment." TopSCHOLAR®, 2003. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/590.
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Intrinsic motivation has been shown to be a very important factor in exercise adherence. Research has found that factors such as exercise intensity, social feedback, goal orientation and perceived climate can affect intrinsic motivation. The purpose of this study was to assess situational goal orientation, specifically whether individuals in a task induced condition or ego induced condition would report different levels of intrinsic motivation (i.e., enjoyment, tension, effort and competence during exercise). Participants (N= 114) rode on an exercise bike for 24 minutes at a moderate intensity. A MANCOVA factorial design was used to examine differences in intrinsic motivation. The results of the study did not reveal any significant differences in the level of enjoyment, tension, effort and competence between the task and ego-oriented conditions. However, there were significant differences for outcome feedback (win vs. lose) for competence and tension as well as a significant interaction between goal orientation and outcome feedback for the dependent variable competence. Ego oriented individuals who won in the race function reported significantly higher levels of competence than ego oriented individuals who lost in the race function. Other results and limitations of the study are discussed.
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Sit, Hui-ping Cindy, and 薛慧萍. "Motivational orientations and sport participation in youth: a comparison of achievement goal theory and reversal theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B24873056.
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Gieske, Diana. "The Effects of Intensity Level and Expertise on Attentional Focus During Exercise." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/398.
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An important goal of exercise psychology is to identify factors that influence exercise adherence. More than half of Americans do not get the physical activity that doctors recommend for maintaining or improving a healthy lifestyle. Attentional focus during exercise has been identified as one casual factor with regard to exercise adherence. Attentional focus has traditionally oeen defined as associative or dissociative (Morgan & Pollock, 1977). Association implies that an exerciser's attention is focused on how his or her body is reacting to the exercise (such as sweating, muscle soreness, and breathing) or on things such as pace and split-times. Dissociation implies that one's focus is placed on things that are unrelated to the exercise, such as daydreaming, listening to music, or focusing on the environment. The purpose of the current study was to determine how both the Stages of Change model and the intensity level of the exercise bout affect attentional focus. A new six-category measure of attentional focus was used. A total of 145 undergraduate psychology students were divided into differing levels of expertise based on the Stages of Change model and assigned to run at a moderate and very hard intensity on two separate days; attentional focus was measured following each bout. All but one stage of change focused on bodily sensations significantly more at the very hard intensity; the pre-contemplation/contemplation stage focused on bodily sensations less at the very hard intensity. Regardless of level of expertise, focus on bodily sensations, selftalk, and task-relevant external cues significantly increased and focus on task-irrelevant thoughts and external distractions significantly decreased from the moderate to very hard intensity. Participants reported significantly greater perceived exertion, greater pain, and less enjoyment at the very hard compared to the moderate intensity. Implications for these findings are discussed.
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Biscomb, Kay. "Deviant bodies and pathologised subjectivities : a sociological critique of exercise dependence." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2001. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/6173/.
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Exercise dependence is described as " ... psychological and/or physiological dependence upon a regular regime of physical activity ... and is characterised by recognisable withdrawal symptoms when the need to exercise remains unfulfilled after 24-36 hours ... " (Sachs & Pargman, 1979 p. 143). The study of exercise dependence has been a focus for consideration by researchers from the disciplines of physiology and psychology for approximately 30 years. Throughout this time, researchers have sought to measure, treat and prevent exercise dependence. A disease-based model has, therefore, dominated research and an extreme form of exercise behaviour has been medicalised. This study challenges the notion of the disease concept of exercise dependence and offers an alternative conceptualisation based on situation, time (Peele, 1985) and identity. It suggests that this medicalised concept of exercise dependence arises through a process of labelling certain types of participation for which there are only individual societal rewards. In interviews (n=27) with individuals and their significant others over three phases of data collection, life history analysis of the participants' subjective experiences of exercise dependence indicates that there is no evidence of 'negative addiction' (Hailey & Bailey, 1982). There is also no evidence of a negative impact on significant other relationships, although intense commitment to exercise sometimes causes temporary periods of conflict. Significant others accommodate their partners' exercise participation within the relationship and participants accommodate relationship demands within their exercise regime. The analysis also indicates that dependent participants, 'exercisers', have a changing attitude to exercise throughout their life history. It is proposed that the participants in this study construct one element of their self-identity through their exercise participation and that is subdivided into the physical self, the critical self and the social sel£ The thesis offers nine Propositions in an attempt to establish the basis for a sociological understanding of exercise dependence.
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Laszewski, Gayle Ann. "The effect of headphone music on exercise compliance." Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2148.
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A study was designed to assess the effect of headphone music on running performance and enjoyment with its implications for increasing exercise compliance. A counterbalanced split-plot design was used with 18 University of the Pacific undergraduates receiving both treatment conditions: running with music and running without music. Measures included: (a) perceived enjoyment questionnaire scores; (b) running time; and (c) heart rate. It was expected that music would increase participants' rated running enjoyment, amount of time spent running, and also running intensity or heart rate, in comparison to running without music. Music significantly increased participants' rated enjoyment scores but not running time or heart rate. A tendency for participants to run longer when they rated the run as more enjoyable was also observed although the obtained Pearson r was not significant at the p = .05 level.
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McMorris, Terry. "The effect of exercise on decision making in team games." Thesis, University of Chichester, 1997. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/944/.
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A series of experiments was carried out to examine the effect of moderate and maximal exercise on decision-making performance in team games. Subjects' speed and accuracy of decision making were examined using tachistoscopically presented tests of decision making in sports specific tests. The complexity of the decision making tests was manipulated as was the instructional set given to the subjects. Subjects were tested at rest and while exercising at 70% and 100% of their maximal power output (MPO). Multiple analysis techniques showed unequivocally that, regardless of complexity or instructional set, performance at rest was significantly poorer than that during maximal exercise. Observation of the data showed that this difference was mainly due to increases in speed of decision with accuracy making no significant contribution to the results. The results concerning the effect of moderate intensity exercise were equivocal. In some studies performance during exercise at 70% MPO was significantly better than that at rest, while in other studies no significant effect was demonstrated. Similar results were found when comparing performance during 70% and 100% MPO. In all experiments, however, a linear trend was observed. This was due to the contribution of changes in speed of decision, with accuracy making no significant contribution to the results. It was concluded that maximal exercise results in increases in speed of decision making in team games. This can probably be best explained by exercise inducing changes in arousal, which in tum leads to an increase in the available central nervous system levels of allocatable resources. It was further argued that maximal exercise does not stress fit subjects enough to cause the individual to allocate resources to anything other than task specific information. The use of theories of emotionally induced arousal to explain the effect of exercise on decision-making performance was questioned.
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Slawinska, Malgorzata. "Affective responses to exercise : understanding changes in perceptual and cognitive processes." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36133/.
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The severe health implications associated with physical inactivity highlight the need for research aiming to elucidate mechanisms underlying individuals’ experience of exercise. Affective responses to exercise have been identified as a central factor shaping exercise behaviour (Ekkekakis, 2003; Kwan & Bryan, 2010; Williams, et al., 2008). Research identifies that external and internal factors influence affective evaluations of exercise. One external factor influencing the evaluation of affective responses is the environmental stimuli comprising the exercise setting (Antoniewicz & Brand, 2014; DaSilva, et al., 2011). Therefore, study one examined the influence of environmental cues on affective and cognitive responses to exercise in an ecologically valid setting. Results revealed significant interactions between environmental cues and affect, and motivation; this suggests that intra-individual processes may influence exercise behaviour. The thesis subsequently investigated internal processes that influence affective evaluations of exercise; in particular, processes underlying the recall of affective experience (Kahneman, et al., 1993). Study two examined individuals’ recall of exercise related affect over a period of two weeks using a randomised control crossover design. Results indicated that exercise related affect fluctuated over the two-week period with a significant drop at 24 hours post low-to-moderate and high intensity exercise trials. Additionally, recalled affect better predicted anticipatory feelings than affect recorded during exercise. The study also found partial support for the peak and end rule particularly for the high intensity exercise. Extending study two’s findings, study three explored the recall of exercise related affect and anticipatory feelings using an experimental design with a self-paced exercise protocol. The study revealed significant changes across postexercise recall with follow-up measures at 8 and 24 hours indicating a substantial decline in affect. Overall findings revealed that contextual factors promote positive affect when aligned with one’s goals; however discordant contextual cues and goals can thwart positive affective responses. Further, recall of affective experiences of exercise dynamically change over time and recalled affect can predict anticipatory feelings of exercise. Lastly, all studies’ findings emphasise on the imperative role of idiographic analysis in research on affective responses to exercise.
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Blanchard, Christopher Mark. "Exploring the effects of cognitions, valence and duration on post-exercise mood." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22514.pdf.
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Eveland-Sayers, Brandi M., Andy R. Dotterweich, Alyson J. Chroust, and Kara L. Boynewicz. "Self-Efficacy, Attitudes, and Classroom Engagement of Elementary School Students Following Participation in a Run, Jump, Throw Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5820.
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Faulkner, Guy. "Exercise and mental health : problems and possibilities." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6780.
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Despite a sound evidence base, the consideration of exercise as a therapeutic adjunct remains rare in mental health settings. This research project reports a series of studies examining the consideration of exercise as a strategy for promoting mental health in clinical settings. A broad, multi-level and multi-method analysis of exercise and mental health was adopted by focusing on trainers (key stakeholders responsible for treatment dissemination), providers (individuals at the forefront of treatment) and service users (individuals with clinical depression). First, the perceptions of exercise as an adjunctive therapy is qualitatively explored through interviews with Course Directors of UK training programmes in clinical psychology and mental health nurses working in acute, inpatient settings. A range of conceptual barriers are revealed such as the perceived `simplicity' of exercise interventions and the incompatibility of exercise with traditional models of understanding and treating clinical conditions. Second, the nature and extent of exercise promotion are identified within one NHS Mental Health Trust. A lack of training and protocols are the most significant barriers. The Theory of Planned Behaviour variables of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention predict stage of change of physical activity promotion in a health care setting. However, the past promotion of physical activity overrides much of these effects. Third, the role of exercise in the lives of individuals with depression is explored in a case study analysis of four participants of an exercise referral scheme. The context of each person's life is instrumental in understanding adherence and the experiences associated with participation in exercise and/or physical activity. These studies offer insight to some of the conceptual and structural barriers inhibiting the promotion of exercise as well as factors that may contribute to the success of such promotion within mental health settings. Recommendations are offered to enhance the development of comprehensive physical activity provision for people with mental health problems.
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Moyle, Gene Margaret. "Psychological screening and injury among elite athletes." Thesis, University of Southern Queensland, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69367/1/Gene_Moyle_-_Doctoral_Thesis_2005.pdf.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychological component of the Queensland Academy of Sport (QAS) Health Screening Questionnaire in screening for injury/illness characteristics among elite athletes. In total, 793 scholarship athletes (409 females and 384 males) ranging in age from 11 to 41 years (M = 19, SD = 4.4) across 20 sports at the QAS in Brisbane, Australia, completed the QAS Health Screening Questionnaire. Psychological risk factors examined were life stress and mood, as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale - 10 (PSS-10) and the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) respectively, in addition to disordered eating behaviours and history of diagnosed psychological disorders. Medical risk factors examined included asthma and back pain. Single-factor MANOVAs showed multivaritate effects for injury, second injury, back pain, asthma, anxiety disorder diagnosis, and fasting. Discriminant function analyses demonstrated that life stress and mood scores had significant utility in correctly classifying injury and second injury status, asthma, back pain, anxiety, and eating disorder diagnosis, in addition to the use of fasting and vomiting as weight control methods. The present findings suggest that the psychology component of the QAS Health Screening Questionnaire demonstrates significant utility as a screening tool regarding injury/illness characteristics among elite athletes.
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Kakos, Lynn S. "Improving cognitive function following exercise-induced dehydration| Role of sports drink supplementation." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618881.
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Objective: While brief bouts of exercise improve cognitive function, more prolonged exercise can suppress attention and executive function. Dehydration and heat exposure are known contributors to these deficits, though the role of blood sugar changes during exercise in cognitive dysfunction is less understood at this time. The current study sought to clarify the independent contribution of blood glucose levels to cognitive function following demanding exercise.
Method: Healthy adult males (N= 10, age= 21.9 +/- 1.97 years) presented for two counterbalanced experimental trials in a 100 degrees F heated chamber. Each experimental trial consisted of BASELINE glucose and cognitive function assessments, as measured by the Logical Relations (LR) and Running Memory Continuous Performance Task (RMCPT) subtests of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics- 4th Edition (ANAM4). Participants then completed 120 minutes of exercise on a cycle ergometer, with glucose and cognitive function measured POST-EXERCISE. Next, participants rehydrated with a zero-sugar or full-sugar sports beverage, with measures of glucose and cognitive function repeated immediately POST-REHYDRATION. Finally, after a 15-minute recovery period during which the participants rested while not permitted to drink, they completed experimental measures an additional time, at POST-RECOVERY.
Results: Physiological response to the experimental trials was similar across conditions. Participants demonstrated significantly reduced blood glucose levels (F(1,9)=16.93, p<0.01) and lost an average of 2.57% of their body weight following exercise. Contrary to hypotheses, repeated measures ANOVA showed performance on LR did not change from BASELINE to POST-EXERCISE and actually declined from POST-EXERCISE to POST-REHYDRATION (F(1,9)=9.44, p=0.01). Performance on RMCPT improved from BASELINE to POST-EXERCISE (F(19)=5.43, p<0.05) and the zero-sugar condition produced gains from POST-REHYDRATION to POST-RECOVERY (F(1,9)=6.45, p=0.03) relative to the full-sugar condition.
Conclusion: Contrary to past studies, cognitive function did not universally decline with strenuous exercise, despite reduced blood glucose levels. Performances on an attention measure increased following exercise and were unexpectedly better at POST-RECOVERY for the zero- versus the full-sugar condition. However, executive functioning was stable to POST-EXERCISE and declined following rehydration. The exact mechanisms responsible for this pattern of findings are unclear, but likely involve a combination of limited core temperature increase and dehydration level, reactivity to blood sugar fluctuations, and multiple possible variables not assessed in the current study such as neurotransmitter and blood lactate levels, brain temperature, physiological arousal, and task engagement. Future studies are needed to better understand the inconsistent findings across the literature, as a significant number of individuals engage in strenuous and prolonged exercise regularly, including those involved in service positions (i.e., military personnel and firefighters). Articulating the mechanisms at play in this phenomenon may increase safety and improve performance.
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Kakos, Lynn S. "IMPROVING COGNITIVE FUNCTION FOLLOWING EXERCISE-INDUCED DEHYDRATION: ROLE OF SPORTS DRINK SUPPLEMENTATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1383168877.
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Barlow, Madeline Margaret. "Reframe, Regroup, Refresh: Navigating the Transition from Athlete to Exerciser." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/589278.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Student athletes (SAs) are faced with multiple hurdles upon stepping onto campus, including balancing their lives as a student with that of being an athlete for 20 or more hours per week. SAs typically maintain weekly physical activity (PA) recommendations as a by-product of participation in one’s sport. Because most SAs have high athletic identity, which remains fairly consistent throughout their lives, many incorrectly assume this will translate into a high exercise identity and greater PA throughout their life spans. Certainly, the challenge is how to assist SAs in transitioning from athlete to exerciser. Based on findings from previous research on barriers to maintaining healthy PA levels faced by student-athletes as they transition out of sport, the purpose of this study is to examine the components of resources that can help individuals navigate this transition. Phase I of the study was quantitative in nature and examined the relationship between athletic identity and exercise identity; the relationship was not significant; however, as expected, an individual’s level of exercise identity was related to one’s levels of moderate and vigorous exercise per week. Additionally, individuals with high athletic identity were more likely to participate in vigorous PA. For the purpose of the study, Phase II involved conducted hack groups (typically labeled as focus groups) to gain a deeper understanding of how practitioners can best serve athletes as they transition out of collegiate sport. According to the participants, attention should be given to the delivery method of resources. The most frequently cited form of delivery was that of a phone app with a social network. An app allows for individuals to access an online community of former SAs to not only process their experience but develop connections with like-minded individuals in the area. These connections were highlighted as a motivator for attending exercise groups and act as a form of accountability that may be missing from one’s life after the loss of one’s coach and/or team environment. Former SAs also reported the need for an increased awareness of one’s change in identity and help reframing exercise. Moreover, strategies to build community through authentic connection and shared values, along with assistance developing new routines and habits were deemed important. PA levels or one’s overall well-being may be positively influenced by these connections, but this remains to be studied in depth. The results of the present research indicate a need for attention on activities individuals enjoy rather than exercising for the sake of exercising. Experiencing positive feelings towards PA may in turn allow for increased present-moment awareness in the activity, leading to more enjoyment and potentially increased motivation to maintain PA following the transition out of collegiate sport.
Temple University--Theses
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McKenna, James. "An application of the transtheoretical model to mental training exercises." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364982.
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Steffey, Brianna R., Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Alyson J. Chroust, Kara L. Boynewicz, Andy R. Dotterweich, and Abigail D. Daugherty. "Attitudes Towards Physical Activity Participation and School Engagement in Elementary School Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5822.
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Numerous benefits are associated with physical activity participation with recent evidence indicating this may transfer into the classroom environment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitudes towards active or passive physical activity participation and classroom engagement in elementary school children. Methods: Students (n = 67) in grades 3-5 completed The Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) and The Elementary Student Engagement Instrument (SEI). Results: A statistically significant positive correlation (r = .31, P < .05) was found between the CSAPPA and SEI indicating that students who prefer active participation in physical activity also report higher levels of engagement within the school environment. No statistical difference was noted between males and females or across grade levels. Conclusion: The results of this research support the benefits of physical activity participation within the school environment. The lack of statistical difference with regard to sex is also noteworthy in that research connecting physical activity and classroom engagement frequently indicates differences between males and females. This is possibly attributed to the inclusive culture established by the school which promotes and supports opportunities for all students. These findings are particularly relevant in light of current trends to reduce time spent in physical education, free play, and other physical activity opportunities within the school day
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Chu, Wing-sze. "An investigation of physical activity participation pattern and level in relation to metamotivational profiles in Hong Kong children using reversal theory /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31941606.
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Tan, Beron Wei Zhong. "The relationship between physical exercise and cognition in children with typical development and neurodevelopmental disorders." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2030.
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This research project sought to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and cognition in children with and without a neurodevelopmental condition. To achieve this aim, three approaches were undertaken to explore the exercise and cognition relationship. The first approach sought to understand the efficacy of exercise interventions on cognition in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder. The second approach was to understand the effectiveness of an exercise activity when compared to a cognitively-engaging tablet game activity on measures of implicit learning and attention in children with and without a neurodevelopmental condition. The third approach was to investigate if psychophysiological measures could account for the cognitive effect observed after exercising in children with and without a neurodevelopmental condition. Taking the approaches together, this research project focused on investigating the efficacy, effect, and mechanism of the exercise-cognition relationship.
To investigate the efficacy of the exercise interventions, a meta-analytic review was conducted on 22 studies from the neurodevelopmental literature. The main findings from this meta-analysis revealed an overall small-to-medium effect size of exercise on cognition, supporting the efficacy of applying exercise interventions to young individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Similar to the general population, physical exercise has been demonstrated to improve some but not all cognitive functions, with some individuals demonstrating no change in cognitive function after exercising.
In terms of the effects of physical exercise, this project conducted an experimental study comparing a moderate-intensity exercise activity with a tablet game activity for a period of 12 minutes in 35 children aged 6-11 years. Overall, the study found that the effect of exercise was comparable to the tablet activity across the reaction time measures, but not on the accuracy performance of the implicit learning and attention tasks. Overall, exercise activity led to a better accuracy performance on implicit learning and executive attention compared to the tablet activity, particularly in children with a neurodevelopmental condition.
The last part of this project was an extension of the experimental study whereby psychophysiological measures were investigated based on a proposed detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). This investigation found that galvanic skin response (GSR), as indexed by its scaling exponent, was related to whether children revealed a change in cognitive function after receiving the exercise activity, particularly on executive attention. Importantly, this relationship was also able to account for children who did not demonstrate a cognitive effect of exercise. This result was not evident in the electroencephalogram (EEG) measures. This investigation concluded that the effect of exercise on executive attention was dependent on the interplay between an individual’s arousal system, cognitive task demand, and the novelty of the exercise activity.
Taking the findings together, this project highlights the importance of individual differences to the exercise and cognition relationship. Specifically, this project demonstrated the feasibility of investigating the scaling exponent, via fractal analysis (e.g., DFA), as an index of individual differences. Additionally, fractal analysis is a valuable tool to assist in further understanding the mechanism underlying the exercise-cognition relationship, particularly on the influence of individual differences
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Igaune, Laura. "Determination of Repetitive Jumping Intensity Relative to Measured VO2max." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1208.
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To regular exercise and a healthy diet, the American Heart Association (AHA) strongly recommends rope jumping, and according to previous studies, rope jumping is considered a very strenuous exercise. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the steady state metabolic cost of repetitive jumping on the Digi-Jump machine, and to determine if exercise on this device is more or less strenuous than similar exercise with a jump rope. We also evaluated relative intensity of this type of exercise, based on each person’s VO2max as measured on a treadmill. Twenty – seven subjects completed two trials, one jumping trial at a rate of 120 jumps per minute (JPM) with the jumping height set at .5 inch for 5 min, and one graded exercise test (GXT) using the Bruce protocol. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) were measured each minute during each trial. Results of this study indicated that steady state VO2 during the 5 min jump test was reached at the 3rd min (p < .05), therefore we equated all other variables (HR, RE, RPE) steady state to be from 3rd min. Average jumping steady state VO2 was 31.1 ± 5.5 ml/kg/min, while average VO2max was 56.4 ± 12 ml/kg/min, thus steady state VO2 during jumping trial was 57.1% of VO2max. Average jumping steady state HR was 149. 2 ± 20.1 bpm, while mean GXT HR was 184.7 ± 9.9 bpm, thus steady state HR during jumping trial was 80.9% of their maximal HR obtained during GXT. Average jumping steady state RER was .99 ± .6,while average GXT RER was 1.15 ± .07, thus steady state RER during jumping trial was 86%, and average jumping steady state RPE was 13.5 ± 1.5, while average GXT RPE was 17.9 ± 1, thus steady state RPE during jumping trial was 75.2%. These data indicate that jumping is a strenuous activity, even if the trial is done on Digi – Jump machine without rope.
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Barrell, Gene Margaret. "Coping strategies used by ballet dancers : effects of individual differences in competitive trait anxiety." Thesis, University of Southern Queensland, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69372/1/Masters_Thesis_-_Gene_M._Barrell.pdf.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to examine relationships between coping strategies and competitive trait anxiety among ballet dancers. Participants were 104 classical ballet dancers from three professional ballet companies, two private dance schools, and two full-time, university dance courses in Australia. Coping strategies were assessed using the Modified COPE scale (MCOPE: Crocker & Graham, 1995), while competitive trait anxiety was assessed using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS: Smith, Smoll, & Schutz, 1990). Standard multiple regression analyses showed that trait anxiety scores were significant predictors of seven of the 12 coping strategies, with moderate to large effect sizes. High trait anxious dancers reported more frequent use of all categories of coping strategies. A two-way MANOVA showed no main effects for gender nor status (professional versus students) and no significant interaction effect. The present results emphasize the need for the effectiveness of specific coping strategies to be considered during the process of preparing young classical dancers for a career in professional ballet.
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Daugherty, Abigail D., Brianna R. Steffey, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Alyson J. Chroust, K. L. Boynewicz, and Andy R. Dotterweich. "BMI, Perceived Physical Ability, and School Engagement in Elementary School Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5825.
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Students, grades 3-5, completed instruments assessing perceived physical ability and school engagement. No significant relationships were found or differences noted for categories of BMI. The culture and focus of the school may explain this.
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Levin, Gregory. "Role of physical exercise in reducing depression and improving mental health in cancer survivors." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1414.
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Cancer survivors are more than twice as likely as the general population to suffer the debilitating effects of depression. This comorbid condition is associated with several negative consequences, such as reduction in compliance with cancer treatments, and hastened mortality. Recent research has examined the therapeutic effect of exercise on depression and reported excellent results of similar magnitude to those achieved with pharmacotherapy or psychological intervention. However, no research, to date, has examined the effectiveness of exercise on reducing depression in depressed cancer survivors. In order to address this important question this thesis reviewed previous literature in the area of cancer and depression, explored the exercise preferences of depressed cancer survivors living in Australia, and completed the first exercise intervention with a cohort of depressed cancer survivors.
Two descriptive reviews provided background information about the types of exercise programs that have been prescribed for cancer survivors as well as the exercise preferences of many cancer survivors. These reviews identified that there was a lack of available information relating to the optimal exercise program to improve depression and, further, that no information was available to determine the preferred exercise options of depressed cancer survivors and whether this group would be interested in engaging in exercise.
The first research study was a cross-sectional comparison of the physical activity habits and exercise preferences of depressed (n = 158) and non-depressed (n = 650) Australian cancer survivors. It was found that depressed survivors were less active (-48 mins/wk; p < .05), yet a greater number of depressed cancer survivors (78.5% vs 71.6%) expressed a desire to participate in an exercise program (p = .044). Contrary to expectations, depressed survivors were more interested in supervised sessions (p < .001), and were also more willing to attend their local fitness centre (p = .049). These findings suggest that being depressed does influence the preferred exercise program and that these differences should be considered before prescribing exercise to cancer survivors.
Secondary analysis of the dataset was conducted to examine the differences between metropolitan and regional cancer survivors, living in New South Wales, Australia. The role of exercise may be even more important for isolated regional survivors who lack access to traditional form of psychological support and service providers. Results obtained from 366 participants revealed that the incidence of depression (~21%) was not related to location of residence. There was no difference in physical activity participation between metropolitan (n = 236) and regional (n = 130) survivors, with only 40% of all participants being sufficiently active. No differences were found for the primary perceived benefits of improving aerobic fitness, controlling weight, and improving overall health. However, metropolitan residents were more interested in the performing exercise that elicited strength and functional improvements (p = .041). Furthermore, there were no differences in barriers to exercise. These findings indicate that many cancer survivors, including those living in regional locations, are familiar with health benefits of exercise, yet remain insufficiently active to obtain these positive outcomes.
The final study was a longitudinal controlled trial that aimed to examine whether exercise was indeed able to produce an antidepressant effect in depressed cancer survivors. Eligible participants were allocated to a clinic-based, supervised exercise group (n = 10), an unsupervised, home-based exercise group (n = 8), or a usual care control group (n = 14). The supervised exercise group completed two sessions of combined resistance and aerobic training per week for the duration of the 12-week program. The home-based group were provided with printed material about the benefits of exercise and were encouraged to complete 150 minutes of exercise per week, but received no specific prescriptive information about the form of exercise they should undertake. The control group received no exercise or printed material, and were encouraged not to alter their usual activity. Intention-to-treat analysis, with the last response carried forward, found that both exercise groups improved depression, with a greater response seen in the supervised program (-56%; p = .002) compared to the home-based group (-48%; p = .016). No significant differences were found when comparing the results between the two exercise groups. When per-protocol analysis was used to examine the responses in depression, it was found that the home-based group decrease depression more rapidly, measured at week 6, and to a greater extent, than the supervised group (d = 0.50). At the final assessment (week 12) the home-based group and supervised group produced a similar response for a reduction in depression. These findings are the first to indicate the antidepressant effect of exercise in depressed cancer patients and the outcomes match those previously reported for people living with depression. Combined with the fact that no adverse effects were reported, the results should be used to promote exercise as a therapeutic treatment option for cancer survivors experiencing comorbid depression.
In summary, this research has demonstrated that depressed cancer survivors are able to obtain antidepressant benefits from commencing a well-designed, structured, and supervised exercise program. Despite willingness to engage in exercise, and knowledge of the perceived benefits, almost 60% of depressed cancer survivors are not performing enough physical activity. Therefore, there is need for future research to examine how to increase the uptake of exercise. Engagement is likely to increase if recommendations to commence exercise are made by the survivors’ referring specialist, and, therefore, it is suggested that referral for specialised exercise should be included within best practice cancer care, to remediate comorbid depression.
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Daugherty, Abigail D., Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Alyson J. Chroust, Kara L. Boynewicz, Andy R. Dotterweich, and Brianna R. Steffey. "Perceived Physical Ability and Self-Perception of Adequacy and Enjoyment for Physical Activity in Elementary Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5823.
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How children perceive their physical ability is important in understanding their reported adequacy, preferences, and predilection of physical activity. This relationship is useful in identifying lifelong physical activity behaviors. Purpose: The relationship between perceived physical ability and classroom engagement was investigated in elementary school children. Methods: Students (n = 120) in grades K5 completed the Perceived Physical Ability Scale (PPAS) and the Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA). Results: A statistically strong significant positive correlation (r = .49, P < .01) was found between the PPAS and CSAPPA indicating that students with higher perceived physical ability also reported higher scores on the CSAPPA. The high CSAPPA scores are indicative of students having a higher likelihood of choosing physical activity over a non-active option. No significant differences were noted between males and females or across grade levels. Conclusions: Based on these results students who have a greater perception of their physical ability also report being more likely to select a physically active option when given the choice. The findings of this study are noteworthy as previous studies have shown that differences between male and female students may exist with similar measures. These results may be indicative of the environment that has been created at the study site. The study site promotes a culture centered on respect, care, and a growth mindset within its student body. Future research comparing student to teacher ratio, cohesive student groups, and school schedules should be conducted to compare students’ PPAS and CSAPPA results. Programs designed to enhance perceived physical ability and enjoyment of physical activity are needed to promote lifetime physical activity habits.
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Hinken, Lindsey Elise. "Correlation Between Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) Scores and Biomarkers to Identify Female Athlete Triad Among Collegiate Athletes and to Evaluate the Validity of the Instrument." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2331.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if the Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) is a valid indicator of the three physical components of Female Athlete Triad (FAT), malnutrition, amenorrhea, and low bone mineral density, and if administration of the FAST can be used as a time- and cost-effective way to identify FAT. Participants completed the FAST, the Menstrual Status Questionnaire, and had a blood sample drawn. Interpretation of the total FAST score placed participants in one of three conditions: normal, subclinical disordered eating, or clinical eating disorder. The presence of the three biomarkers of FAT was determined by participants’ responses on the Menstrual Status Questionnaire and protein analyses of their blood samples, in which plasma Prealbumin and CTx levels were tested. Results indicated that there were not significant differences between total FAST scores of participants in each of the groups for any of the three biomarkers (i.e., low versus normal Prealbumin levels; amenorrhea versus normal menstruation; high versus normal CTx levels). More research is needed before it can be determined if the FAST is an appropriate diagnostic tool for FAT. An overwhelming majority of the sample (79.5%) received total FAST scores that fell in the subclinical disordered eating or clinical eating disorder ranges, which supports previous findings that female athletes are at a high risk of developing disordered eating habits or eating disorders due to their unique characteristics and lifestyles.
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Daugherty, Abigail D., Brianna R. Steffey, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Alyson J. Chroust, Kara L. Boynewicz, and Andy R. Dotterweich. "BMI, Perceived Physical Ability, and School Engagement in Elementary School Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5824.
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Quinn, G. "The relationship of personality to body image in adult women and the effect of exercise on this relationship." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2146/.
Full textAbstract:
This study was undertaken in order to investigate the relationship between personality and body image, and to ascertain the effect of exercise on measures of personality, body image and somatotype. The subjects were 50 adult women in the age range 18-37 years who were assigned to either an exercising or non-exercising group at random. Body image was measured using the Slade Body Image Estimation Apparatus and an Abacus. Personality was assessed by means of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Cattell Sixteen Personality Questionnaire. The subjects were also somatotyped by the Heath- Carter Method. Physical fitness scores, obtained for each individual before and after the conditioning programme, were based on the criterion of Ismail (1965). The pre- and post-conditioning programme results obtained were analysed by repeated measures of analysis of variance, principal components analysis and discriminant function analysis. The main findings were: - (a) Two significant relationships between personality and body image existed in the study groups. These were an association between overall inaccuracy in body image estimation and Eysenck's neuroticism/extraversion, and correlation between accuracy in estimation of the Face and dominance and aggressiveness. (b) Changes in personality through participation in exercise were found to be much less marked than hitherto suggested, with only Cattell's 16PF Q4 varying significantly, and some evidence for reduction in the EPI neuroticism factor. (c) Repeated measures of analysis of variance showed a significant effect of exercise on body weight, percentage body fat, Ismail Fitness Score and on the Endomorphy component of the Heath-Carter somatotype. (d) No significant changes in body image estimation could be demonstrated in the exercising group; there was nevertheless an association between fitness levels and body image.
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Larner, Chris. "On Making Warriors Out of Worriers: the Management of Trait Anxiety in Competitive Sports." full-text, 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2048/1/09-04-01_thesis__bound_version_.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
There were three broad aims for this thesis. These included (1) an investigation of the relationships between the intensity and directional dimensions of trait anxiety, state anxiety and performance in sport, (2) a detailed exploration of mechanisms mediating observed relationships, using the theory of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) as a framework, and (3), based on the findings of this exploration, an assessment of the efficacy of a tailored REBT treatment as a means of modifying harmful trait anxiety directional interpretations, resulting in changes at the state level and ultimately changes in performance. A total of 189 competitors from the sports of freestyle skiing, athletics, and ten-pin bowling participated in Study 1. Each competitor provided general demographic information, information pertaining to their overall skill level, and also completed the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory version 2 – directional (CTAI-2-D), Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory version 2 – directional (CSAI-2-D) just prior to a competition. Following competition they went on to rate their performance on a scale from very poor to excellent. The results of Study 1 revealed that measures of anxiety correlated as predicted, and provided further support to the utility of directional measures of anxiety as a more precise predictor of skill level and performance than intensity alone measures. In Study 2, six bowlers who obtained negative directional trait anxiety scores on both of the cognitive and somatic subscales of the CTAI-2-D, and six bowlers who obtained positive directional trait anxiety scores on both of the cognitive and somatic subscales of the CTAI-2-D were interviewed on two separate occasions. Interviews were designed to assess the presence and typology of cognitions associated with emotional responses based on the ABC framework adopted in the theory and practice of REBT. Findings from Study 2 provided insight into specific cognitive mechanisms behind directional measures of anxiety, and highlighted the value of REBT as a theoretical model for conceptualising various components of anxiety in sport. In particular, competitors with debilitative interpretive styles were found to endorse self-directed demands, and awfulising, and exhibited secondary emotional disturbance most frequently associated with somatic and behavioural interpretations. In the final study, a total of 60 ten-pin bowlers were allocated to either a six-week course of REBT, a six-week course of a more traditional treatment entailing imagery and relaxation, or a control condition entailing six weeks of befriending. REBT was found to significantly moderate negative directional interpretation scores of anxiety symptoms, and to reduce competitors’ endorsement of irrational beliefs (whilst concurrently increasing their endorsement of rational or non-judgemental thinking styles) to a greater extent than the traditional intervention (relaxation and mental imagery), and control condition. Further, although not statistically significant, competitors who underwent the course of REBT showed greater performance gains than the bowlers in the other two conditions. The main implications of these findings are that anxiety research and management practices should focus on the causal role of underlying beliefs, and the relationship competitors have with these beliefs, in the experience of anxiety. Further, the results of this study highlighted that REBT has a significant role to play in the theory and management of anxiety in sport.
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Boynewicz, Kara, Alyson Chroust, Diana Morelen, Beth Bailey, Jesi Hall, and David Wood. "Motor Development and Abilities of Infants Born With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8349.
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Ouvrard, Théo. "Étude des mécanismes psychophysiologiques impliqués dans la réalisation d’une performance cycliste de haut-niveau." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD074/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les travaux conduits dans le cadre de cette thèse avaient pour objectif d’étudier les mécanismes psychophysiologiques impliqués dans la mobilisation et la gestion des ressources nécessaires à la réalisation d’une performance de haut niveau en cyclisme sur route. Les mécanismes centraux et les paramètres psychologiques susceptibles d’influencer la commande motrice ont ainsi été analysés dans le contexte de compétitions cyclistes de haut-niveau.L’ensemble des résultats obtenus mettent en évidence que les mécanismes de régulation de l’intensité d’exercice, évalués à l’aide de la nouvelle méthode « Exposure Variation Analysis » (EVA) développée dans le cadre de cette thèse, seraient des paramètres déterminants pour la performance cycliste en contre-la-montre (CLM). En compétition officielle, la capacité du cycliste à exploiter au mieux ses qualités physiques et donc à développer la plus haute puissance moyenne possible était directement reliée à sa capacité à maintenir un niveau d’intensité d’exercice constant sur l’ensemble du CLM. De plus, cette justesse de régulation de l’intensité de l’effort serait également liée aux paramètres psychologiques de plaisir ressenti et de focus attentionnel : plus l’athlète ressentait un plaisir important et était capable de focaliser ses pensées sur des éléments extérieurs pertinents pour la performance et plus il était capable de maintenir un niveau de puissance constant sur l’ensemble de l’effort. Ainsi, la performance cycliste serait dépendante de l’interaction complexe entre les paramètres psychologiques, les mécanismes de régulation de l’effort et les qualités physiques des athlètes.Cependant, les résultats des études menées dans le cadre de cette thèse mettent également en évidence que les mécanismes de régulation de l’intensité d’exercice et les paramètres psychologiques associés varient selon le contexte environnemental et les caractéristiques de l’effort réalisé. Par exemple, la présence d’un équipier en montée permettrait au cycliste de ressentir un plaisir plus élevé pendant l’effort et de puiser davantage dans ses réserves afin de réaliser un sprint final plus important dans les derniers mètres avant l’arrivée. A l’inverse, les cyclistes de niveau élite possèderaient des qualités de gestion de l’effort remarquables leur permettant de réguler l’effort de manière identique lors de plusieurs montées répétées que lors d’un effort unique. L’étude de la performance cycliste doit donc prendre en compte le contexte environnemental ainsi que les caractéristiques des athlètes et de l’effort réalisé afin de réellement permettre une compréhension complète de la performance cycliste de haut-niveau.De plus, ces résultats mettent également en évidence que les mécanismes de régulation de l’effort peuvent évoluer entre les différentes compétitions, et pourraient ainsi expliquer les variations journalières de performance pour un même niveau de qualité physique. Les travaux menés dans le cadre de cette thèse ont ainsi tenté d’optimiser la méthode EVA afin de permettre le suivi de la justesse des mécanismes de régulation de l’effort du cycliste lors de plusieurs CLM. Cette méthode pourrait se révéler très intéressante pour les entraîneurs et les athlètes sur le terrain afin de tenter d’optimiser leurs mécanismes de régulation de l’effort avec l’entraînement dans le but d’exploiter au mieux leurs qualités physiques. Des techniques psychologiques pourraient notamment être utilisées afin d’augmenter le plaisir ressenti des athlètes ou d’optimiser leur gestion des pensées pendant l’effort, leur permettant ainsi de mieux réguler l’intensité d’exercice et d’améliorer leurs performances en CLMThe studies conducted during this PhD thesis aimed to analyse the psychophysiological mechanisms of effort regulation during elite road cycling performance. Central mechanisms and psychological parameters influencing motor units recruitment were studied in different contexts of elite road cycling competitions.All the results show that exercise intensity regulation, quantified using the “Exposure Variation Analysis” method developed during this PhD, is a key parameter of cycling individual time-trial (ITT) performance. During official competitive ITT, the cyclists’ abilities to have a maximal use of their physical capacities in order to develop the highest mean power output possible was strongly related to their abilities to maintain a constant level of exercise intensity during the entire ITT. These exercise intensity regulation mechanisms were also strongly related to pleasure and attentional focus psychological parameters: the more the athletes felt a high level of pleasure and were able to focus mainly on external thoughts salient to the performance, the more they were able to maintain a constant power output over the entire ITT. Cycling performance seems related to the complex interaction between psychological parameters, exercise intensity regulation mechanisms and physical capacities.However, the studies conducted also revealed that exercise intensity regulation mechanisms and psychological parameters varied depending on the environmental context and the characteristics of the effort. For example, a leading teammate in uphill cycling allowed the athlete to increase their pleasure and to dig deeper into their physiological reserves in order to perform a greater end-spurt. Conversely, elite cyclists exhibited outstanding exercise intensity regulation capacities which allowed them to regulate their effort during repeated uphill ITT in the same way that during single ITT. Consequently, the study of elite cycling performance must consider both environmental context and characteristics of the athletes concerned to allow a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying performance.Furthermore, these results also underline that exercise intensity regulation mechanisms can vary between races, and consequently can explain the day-to-day variability in cycling performance despite similar physical capacities. Thus, the EVA method was optimised in order to monitor exercise intensity regulation mechanisms during several ITT performed by the same athletes. This method can be interesting for coaches and athletes on the field to try to improve their exercise intensity regulation with training. Specific psychological interventions can be added to the training programs in order to help the athlete to increase their pleasure or to improve their attentional focus, allowing them to improve their exercise intensity regulation and to have a greater use of their physical capacities during ITT
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Human, Lourens H. "A touring journal with sport psychology." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27801.
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This research report is a narrative on my encounter with sport psychology. I used the metaphors of “touring” and “journal” to guide the construction of this narrative. Before embarking on my tour with sport psychology, I introduced myself as researcher (chapter 2, journal entry I) and stated the research problem, question and goal(s)(chapter 3, journal entry II). I then went on a tour with sport psychology. I visited a sport psychology museum to learn more about the history of sport psychology (chapter 4, journal entry III) and a sport psychology library to learn more about the field of sport psychology (chapter 5, journal entry IV). I also attended a sport psychology conference to become better acquainted with postgraduate sport psychology training in Psychology Departments (chapter 6, journal entry V). I also visited a sport psychology department at a university in Australia, to witness the delivery of a postgraduate training programme in sport psychology (chapter 7, journal entry VI), as well as a sport centre in South Africa and a sport institute in Australia, to see how and the extent to which sport psychology was practised (chapter 8, journal entry VII). After my tour with sport psychology I took what I had learnt and adapted the MA (Counselling Psychology) programme at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. This led to the programme having three core modules and two elective modules. The core modules are fundamental psychology, counselling psychology and career psychology. The elective modules are: community psychology and sport psychology. The sport psychology module consists of the following courses: sport psychology, sport management, sport sociology and exercise psychology. The Professional Board of Psychology at the Health Professions Council of South Africa approved this module at the end of 2003 (chapter 9, journal entry VIII). Finally, I also looked at the influence of my experience with sport psychology on my identity as a psychologist (chapter 10, journal entry IX).Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Harris, Greg Maxwell. "Australian athletes' perceptions of sport psychology services." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18167/.
Full textAbstract:
North American researchers have examined athletes' perceptions regarding the use of
sport psychology services, however, similar studies have not been conducted in Australia.
The aims of this thesis were to investigate perceptions of sport psychology services with
Australian athletes and to assess the psychometric properties of the Sport Psychology
Attitude Questionnaire (SPAQ: Harmison, 1999). Despite the professional advancements,
North American research has shown that a number of factors may contribute to negative
perceptions and stigmatisation of athletes who seek sport psychology services. Based on
previous research a number of hypotheses were formulated. Female athletes and athletes
with previous exposure to sport psychology were expected to be significantly more
receptive to sport psychology services. A sample of 179 male (n = 117) and female (n =
62) athletes, ranging in age from 17 to 69 years, competing in either amateur or
professional sport completed the 25-item SPAQ and a demographics questionnaire. To
examine athletes' perceptions, a 2 (gender) x 2 (level of sport psychology exposure)
Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was conducted with the three SPAQ
factors, confidence in sport psychology (11 items), stigma tolerance (6 items), and
preference for similarity (8 items) as the dependent variables. Contrary to expectations
male athletes were more confident in using the services of a sport psychologist than were
female athletes F(1,175)=6.02, p=.015p<.05, ES=0.03. As expected athletes who
had previous sport psychology consultation experience were more confident in using sport
psychology services than those without previous experience F(1,175)=15.64, p<.001,
ES=0.08. The descriptive results showed that athletes in the present study were
moderately positive regarding the use of sport psychology services. Internal consistency
(Cronbach alpha) for the SPAQ overall score (α=.74) and confidence in sport
psychology (α= .82) sub-scale were acceptable. Alpha coefficient estimates for stigma
tolerance (α=.55) and preference for similarity (α=.35) were poor. A confirmatory
factor analysis (CFA) did not confirm the factor structure of the SPAQ, therefore, an
exploratory principal components (PCA) analysis was performed. A five-factor solution
(i.e., confidence to help with performance, recognition of personal need, sport
psychologist and athlete likeness, stigma of using a sport psychology consultant, and
interpersonal similarity) was extracted with an overall response variance of 51.5%
incorporated 24 of the 25 items in the SPAQ. Thus, the Harmison model did not prove
robust using CFA or PCA. Further item development and rewording of current items is
needed before the SPAQ is likely to be a reliable instrument to measure athletes'
perceptions of sport psychology services. Additional research of Australian athletes'
perceptions of sport psychology services is required to confirm the findings of
participants in this study.
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(9812366), Antonio Lastella. "The impact of stressors on the sleep of elite athletes." Thesis, 2015. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_impact_of_stressors_on_the_sleep_of_elite_athletes/13437143.
Full textAbstract:
In the realm of elite sport, athletes are often subject to a variety of stressors that negatively impact their sleep. Such stressors range from intensive training and competition phases through to coping with jet-lag and altitude ascent. This dissertation describes a series of studies designed to examine the impact that various stressors have upon the sleep/wake behaviour of elite athletes. The first study (Chapter 3) validated the use of wrist activity monitors against polysomnography (PSG), a technique considered the gold standard for objectively quantifying sleep and wakefulness in elite athletes. Analyses revealed that wrist activity monitors provide an accurate assessment of the sleep/wake behaviour of elite athletes. The findings from this study indicate that wrist activity monitors are suitable for monitoring sleep in elite athletes. However, if detailed information is required concerning the depth and quality of sleep, it is recommended that PSG is employed as a more precise assessment.
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Little, Guy Christopher David. "Client-practitioner relationships in sport injury rehabilitation." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29792/.
Full textAbstract:
The relationships that clients form with their practitioners can influence treatment
outcomes. Researchers have shown in numerous healthcare professions including
psychology and physiotherapy that caring and collaborative relationships can lead to
positive psychological and physical treatment outcomes, and poor relationships can lead
to negative outcomes. Within sport psychology, there are fewer studies on clientpractitioner
relationships in comparison to other domains of psychology or healthcare.
Researchers and practitioners have often favoured the investigation and application of
mental skills (e.g., goal setting, imagery, self-talk) over the exploration and
development of client-practitioner relationships. In the specific context of sport injury
rehabilitation, there exist few studies or commentaries on client-practitioner
relationships as interventions that can aid athletes’ recoveries, transitions, and returns to
sport. The aim of this thesis was to explore the relationships psychologists and
physiotherapists have with injured athlete-clients and how these practitioners
collaborate in sport injury rehabilitation.
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Roychowdhury, Dev. "Examining reasons for participation in sport and exercise using the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS)." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19943/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the present study was to validate the Physical Activity and Leisure
Motivation Scale (PALMS). This included examining the internal consistency and criterion
validity of the PALMS, as well as testing the proposed model of PALMS subscales in a
confirmatory factor analysis. This study also looked at the various reasons people nominate
for engaging in physical activities. A community sample of 202 volunteer participants, 120
males and 82 females, aged 18 to 71 years, was recruited from various organizations, clubs,
and leisure centres. The participants represented different forms of physical activity namely,
Australian Football League (AFL), gym-based exercise, tae kwon do, tennis, and yoga.
Results indicate that the PALMS has a robust factor structure (CMIN/DF = 2.22; NFI = 0.95;
CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.078). The PALMS also demonstrated good internal consistency
with a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.79. The α values for the PALMS subscales ranged from .80
to .99. In terms of criterion validity, Spearman’s rho (rs) indicated a strong positive
correlation between the REMM and the PALMS (rs = .9). The correlations between each
PALMS sub-scale and the corresponding sub-scale on the validated REMM were also high
and varied from .76 to .95.
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Yashiro, Yoriko. "Japanese translation and psychometric evaluation of the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport." Thesis, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15737/.
Full textAbstract:
Despite a number of leadership definitions based on a various perspectives in mainstream psychology, the most popular definition of leadership used in sport leadership studies is, "the behavioural process of influencing individuals and groups toward set goals" (Barrow, 1977, p. 232). The Multidimentional Model of Leadership (MML; Chelladurai & Carron, 1978) was developed to explain sport leadership. Although the Leadership Scale for Sport (Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980) has been widely used in sport leadership investigations, several researchers have identified limitations associated with the LSS. Given these shortcomings, Zhang, Jensen, and Mann (1997) developed the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport (RLSS). No independent studies, however, have systematically investigated the psychometric properties of the RLSS. The three interconnected studies in this dissertation were designed to develop the Japanese version of the RLSS (JRLSS) and to examine the psychometric properties of the JRLSS.
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Stolp, Sean Michael. "Exerciser stereotypes perceptions and cognitions on exercise related cogntions /." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1012.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 2010.A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on February 17, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.