Journal articles: 'Sport and exercise nutrition'

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Lukaski, Hank. "Sport and Exercise Nutrition." Journal of Sports Sciences 30, no. 6 (March 2012): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.659037.

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Schenker, Sarah. "Sport and Exercise Nutrition." Nutrition Bulletin 37, no. 1 (February 10, 2012): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01954.x.

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Kersey, Robert D. "Sport and Exercise Nutrition." Athletic Therapy Today 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.7.1.26.

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Royall, Dawna. "Nutrition for Exercise and Sport." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 77, no. 1 (March 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2015-054.

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Allison, Chelsea. "Nutrition for Sport and Exercise." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 54, no. 4 (April 2022): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2021.11.011.

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Hickson, James F., and Iva Wolinsky. "Nutrition in Exercise and Sport." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 23, no. 1 (January 1991): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199101000-00023.

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Braun, Barry. "Nutrition in Exercise and Sport." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/61.3.619.

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Campbell, Wayne W. "Nutrition for Sport and Exercise." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/69.3.578a.

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Crecelius, Anahid T. "Nutrition for Sport and Exercise,." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 19, no. 2 (April 2000): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2000.10718928.

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Cardone, Dennis A. "Nutrition in Exercise and Sport." TOPICS IN CLINICAL NUTRITION 14, no. 1 (January 1999): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008486-199812000-00013.

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Kumstát, Michal. "Co je nového ve světě sportovní výživy." Studia sportiva 10, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2016-2-7.

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Sport nutrition is progressively increasing scientific discipline being an important part of the field of sports medicine. Competition and training nutrition strategies that focus on sufficient macronutrient intake and ergogenic aids to promote energy availability and delay determinants of fatigue are currently based on sound scientific evidence. The aim of the review is to analyze the guidelines for exercise and sport nutrition published by the American College of Sport Nutrition (ACSM) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in the period before and after 2010. Energy availability (EA), relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), carbohydrate feeding during exercise (such as a mouth rinse and multitransportable carbohydrate feeding during long term exercise) and eventually “trainlow, compete high“ nutrition strategy intentionally manipulating with carbohydrate availability have been identified as novel and innovative. Sport nutrition recommendations issued by well-respected scientific authorities are currently revised according to the above mentioned topics and are now well accepted even by athletes.

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Gilbert, Nicky. "Symposium on ‘Performance, exercise and health’ Practical aspects of nutrition in performance." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 68, no. 1 (November 17, 2008): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665108008793.

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The importance of nutrition in sport has been recognised since the ancient Olympians, and its role in improving both health and sports performance has widespread acceptance. However, in sporting circles nutritional knowledge, beliefs and practices are extremely varied. Within any sporting organisation the sports dietitian or nutritionist must be able to work with athletes, their family, coaches and other support staff to develop and monitor realistic and practical strategies that work best for each performer, contributing to a positive and sustained outcome on performance. The present review examines the practical application of current key issues in performance nutrition, highlighting the advantages of early intervention in youth development and comprehensive and integrated nutrition services.

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Patten, Julie A. "Nutrition for Sport and Exercise, 2nd Edition." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, no. 2 (February 1999): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199902000-00028.

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Bailey, Stephen P. "Nutrition in Exercise and Sport, 2nd Edition." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, no. 7 (July 1994): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199407000-00020.

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Valenta, Rudolf, Rudolf Valenta, Yulia Dorofeeva, and Yulia Dorofeeva. "Sport nutrition: the role of macronutrients and minerals in endurance exercises." Foods and Raw Materials 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2018-2-403-412.

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Athletes’ nutrition optimization is very important for the nutritional support in all sport specializations. Macronutrients, as well as minerals and vitamins, are functionally active components that play an important role in nutrition of athletes especially in endurance sport. Optimal use of diets, including specialized sport nutrition, normalizes biochemical, immune, endocrine functions and restores athletes’ energy balance at different stages of sport exercises. Non-optimal athletes’ nutrition of different age groups, inadequate to their physiological needs, and no personalized approach to athletes’ diets, violate their right to adequate safe nutrition, according to international standards and criteria. Nutritional factors are one of the most important key factors in the risk prevention measures for a large number of diet-dependent diseases (e.g. digestive, liver, pancreas, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and kidney diseases). The review presents the information on energy requirements, balance and availability, types and content of functional products for athletes. It also gives an overview of the specialized food market in Russia.

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Spriet, Lawrence L., Christopher G. R. Perry, and Jason L. Talanian. "Legal pre-event nutritional supplements to assist energy metabolism." Essays in Biochemistry 44 (February 1, 2008): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0440027.

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Physical training and proper nutrition are paramount for success in sport. A key tissue is skeletal muscle, as the metabolic pathways that produce energy or ATP allow the muscles to complete the many activities critical to success in sport. The energy-producing pathways must rapidly respond to the need for ATP during sport and produce energy at a faster rate or for a longer duration through training and proper nutrition which should translate into improved performance in sport activities. There is also continual interest in the possibility that nutritional supplements could further improve muscle metabolism and the provision of energy during sport. Most legal sports supplements do not improve performance following oral ingestion. However, three legal supplements that have received significant attention over the years include creatine, carnitine and sodium bicarbonate. The ingestion of large amounts of creatine for 4–6 days increases skeletal muscle creatine and phosphocreatine contents. The majority of the experimental evidence suggests that creatine supplementation can improve short-term exercise performance, especially in sports that require repeated short-term sprints. It may also augment the accretion of skeletal muscle when taken in combination with a resistance-exercise training programme. Supplementary carnitine has been touted to increase the uptake and oxidation of fat in the mitochondria. However, muscle carnitine levels are not augmented following oral carnitine supplementation and the majority of well-controlled studies have reported no effect of carnitine on enhancing fat oxidation, V̇o2max or prolonged endurance exercise performance. The ingestion of sodium bicarbonate before intense exercise decreases the blood [H+] to potentially assist the efflux of H+ from the muscle and temper the metabolic acidosis associated with intense exercise. Many studies have reported performance increases in laboratory-based cycling tests and simulated running races in the field following sodium bicarbonate ingestion where the need for ATP from substrate phosphorylation is high. However, other studies have reported no benefit and the incidence of negative side effects is high.

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Jeukendrup, Asker, and Kevin Tipton. "Sport and exercise nutrition: from theory to practice." European Journal of Sport Science 8, no. 2 (March 2008): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17461390802000159.

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Masoga, Sylven, and Gerald P. Mphafudi. "Dietary Recommendations for Active and Competitive Aerobic Exercising Athletes: A Review of Literature." Global Journal of Health Science 14, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v14n4p95.

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Aerobic exercise is a common sport activity participated by numerous individuals in many parts of the world. Individuals involved in this sport may participate for various reasons, for instance, improved health and weight management while others are involved for competitive purposes. Recommendations, therefore, vary according to the aim and the intensity of the engagement. Depending on the purpose, dietary practices related to the type of foods or meals to be consumed, timing of intake and hydration strategies used by athletes remain important. There is a concern, however, that dietary recommendations for aerobic sport lack scrutiny. It is important for athletes involved in aerobic exercises to adhere to recommendations for them to enjoy their sports engagement while maintaining good health. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the aerobic exercise nutrition recommendations for aerobic exercising athletes with a specific focus on energy, macro- and micronutrients, nutrients dosing, and timing thereof. 

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Maughan, Ronald J., and Susan M. Shirreffs. "Nutrition for sports performance: issues and opportunities." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 71, no. 1 (October 17, 2011): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665111003211.

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Diet can significantly influence athletic performance, but recent research developments have substantially changed our understanding of sport and exercise nutrition. Athletes adopt various nutritional strategies in training and competition in the pursuit of success. The aim of training is to promote changes in the structure and function of muscle and other tissues by selective modulation of protein synthesis and breakdown in response to the training stimulus. This process is affected by the availability of essential amino acids in the post-exercise period. Athletes have been encouraged to eat diets high in carbohydrate, but low-carbohydrate diets up-regulate the capacity of muscle for fat oxidation, potentially sparing the limited carbohydrate stores. Such diets, however, do not enhance endurance performance. It is not yet known whether the increased capacity for fat oxidation that results from training in a carbohydrate-deficient state can promote loss of body fat. Preventing excessive fluid deficits will maintain exercise capacity, and ensuring adequate hydration status can also reduce subjective perception of effort. This latter effect may be important in encouraging exercise participation and promoting adherence to exercise programmes. Dietary supplement use is popular in sport, and a few supplements may improve performance in specific exercise tasks. Athletes must be cautious, however, not to contravene the doping regulations. There is an increasing recognition of the role of the brain in determining exercise performance: various nutritional strategies have been proposed, but with limited success. Nutrition strategies developed for use by athletes can also be used to achieve functional benefits in other populations.

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Storlie, Jean. "Nutrition Assessment of Athletes: A Mode for Integrating Nutrition and Physical Performance Indicators." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 1, no. 2 (June 1991): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.1.2.192.

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Athletes, like all people, have special nutritional needs based on their age, lifestyle, health status, level of physical activity, physical conditioning, and type of sport. The diets of many athletes are inadequate due to overly restrictive eating habits, nutrition misinformation, dietary fads, and/or obsession with weight and food. There is a growing need for sports nutrition counseling and education to help athletes improve their eating habits. However, before attempting to develop intervention strategies, sports nutritionists should assess the metabolic changes that take place during exercise and how these changes affect nutrition status. In addition, it is important to consider how psychosocial factors may influence an athlete's eating habits and his/her ability to make positive changes. A two-pronged model is introduced that can be used as a guide for the practitioner in interpreting relevant data and integrating physiological and psychological considerations for the design of individualized nutrition care plans for athletes.

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Chandradewi, Anak Agung Sagung Putri, and Irianto Irianto. "THE INTAKE OF ENERGY, PROTEIN, AND ATHLETES’ STAMINA AT THE CENTER OF EDUCATION AND SPORTS TRAINING FOR LEARNERS OF WEST NUSA TENGGARA." Jurnal Kesehatan Prima 11, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32807/jkp.v11i1.79.

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Abstract : Athlete’s performance is not only influenced by the intensity of routine exercise, but also the stamina and nutrition intake in accordance with the requirement baded on sport field. This research objective was to know the intake of energy, protein, and athletes’ stamina at The Center of Education and Sports Training for Learners of West Nusa Tenggara. This study utilized an observational with 40 respondents as sample from five different sport fields whose aged 14 -18 years took purposively. The data collected were nutrition intake through Food recall method 24 hours, nutrition status with Body Mass Indeks and athletes’ stamina by running distance for 12 minutes. The research finding was 95% the nutritional status of most of the athletes in the normal category, the average energy intake 97.5%, and the average protein intake 92.5%, and athlete of stamina was in good performance (67.5%). The athletes with excellent stamina tend in good energy and protein intake.

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Lambert, Victoria, Aaron Carbuhn, Amy Culp, Jennifer Ketterly, Becci Twombley, and Dana White. "Interassociation Consensus Statement on Sports Nutrition Models for the Provision of Nutrition Services From Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Collegiate Athletics." Journal of Athletic Training 57, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0157.22.

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Collegiate athletic programs are increasingly adding nutrition services to interdisciplinary sports medicine and sports performance departments in response to scientific evidence highlighting nutrition's integral role in supporting athletic performance and overall health. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) specializing in sports dietetics (ie, sports RDNs) and credentialed Board-certified Specialists in Sports Dietetics (CSSDs) are the preferred nutrition service providers for these programs. Their extensive training and proficiency in medical nutrition therapy, education and behavioral counseling, food-service management, exercise physiology, physical performance, and administration, as defined by the “Standards of Practice and “Standards of Professional Performance” for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Sports Nutrition and Human Performance,” make these practitioners uniquely qualified to deliver the breadth of care required in the collegiate setting. Therefore, this document, guided by a multidisciplinary panel, introduces 4 sports nutrition models through which any collegiate athletic program can deliver sports RDN-directed nutrition services. In each model, the most effective staffing and scope of service are indicated and reviewed. In addition, recommended organizational structures for sports RDNs are provided that best support the delivery of the model's nutrition services in a variety of collegiate athletic programs and organizational settings. Lastly, future research initiatives and nutrition interventions to help improve the standard of care through these sport nutrition models are explored.

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Potgieter, S. "Sport nutrition: A review of the latest guidelines for exercise and sport nutrition from the American College of Sport Nutrition, the International Olympic Committee and the International Society for Sports Nutrition." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 26, no. 1 (January 2013): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2013.11734434.

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Partida, Samantha, Autumn Marshall, Ruth Henry, Jeremy Townsend, and Ann Toy. "Attitudes toward Nutrition and Dietary Habits and Effectiveness of Nutrition Education in Active Adolescents in a Private School Setting: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091260.

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This study was designed to pilot a survey to investigate nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward nutrition, exercise, and dietary habits of active adolescents. Participants included 117 middle school and 40 high school students. General and sport nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, and attitudes toward nutrition education were collected via three electronic surveys. Among middle schoolers, 79.5% of students stated feeling they could benefit from advice about nutrition compared to 92.5% of high school students. The topic scoring the highest in both populations was hydration; the lowest scoring topic category was protein and exercise. Knowledge about healthy eating reportedly comes from parents and coaches most frequently for both high school and middle school students. Less than 40% of students stated their diet meets their nutritional needs. Both middle school and high school students stated a desire to learn more about nutrition, but most nutrition information currently received comes from non-nutrition-related professionals. There is a need for validation of a nutrition knowledge and behavior instrument for United States adolescents, and room for improvement in general and sport nutrition knowledge in active adolescents in all topic areas.

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Burke, Louise M., Gregory R. Collier, and Mark Hargreaves. "Glycemic Index—A New Tool in Sport Nutrition?" International Journal of Sport Nutrition 8, no. 4 (December 1998): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.8.4.401.

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The glycemic index (GI) provides a way to rank foods rich in carbohydrate (CHO) according to the glucose response following their intake. Consumption of low-GI CHO-rich foods may attenuate the insulin-mediated metabolic disturbances associated with CHO intake in the hours prior to exercise, better maintaining CHO availability. However, there is insufficient evidence that athletes who consume a low-GI CHO-rich meal prior to a prolonged event will gain clear performance benefits. The ingestion of CHO during prolonged exercise promotes CHO availability and enhances endurance and performance, and athletes usually choose CHO-rich foods and drinks of moderate to high GI to achieve this goal. Moderate- and high-GI CHO choices appear to enhance glycogen storage after exercise compared with low-GI CHO-rich foods. However, the reason for this is not clear. A number of attributes of CHO-rich foods may be of value to the athlete including the nutritional value of the food or practical issues such as palatability, portability, cost, gastric comfort, or ease of preparation.

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Clark, Nancy. "Case Study: Nutrition Challenges of a Marathon Runner With a Gastric Bypass." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 21, no. 6 (December 2011): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.6.515.

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A new type of athlete is appearing in the offices of sports dietitians: formerly obese people who have undergone gastric bypass surgery and now aspire to be marathoners, triathletes, and other types of endurance athletes. The standard nutrition advice offered to bypass patients is contrary to the standard sports advice given to athletes. Bypass athletes need to limit carbohydrates, fluids, and energy intake and consume a protein-based diet. This case study describes the sport nutrition concerns of a woman who, after having gastric bypass surgery, trained to run a marathon (42 km). Because of her limited ability to consume food and fluids, she experienced difficulty preventing fatigue and dehydration during her long training runs and the marathon itself. She learned through trial and error how to survive the nutritional challenges and complete the marathon. Health professionals need to be aware of the potential medical risks associated with endurance exercise in gastric bypass patients. Research is needed to determine the best sports nutrition practices for bypass patients. Only then can sport dietitians better educate this small but growing contingent of endurance athletes so the athletes can meet their training and performance goals and reduce their risk of experiencing serious health consequences.

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Kopp-Woodroffe, Sheila A., Melinda M. Manore, Christine A. Dueck, James S. Skinner, and Kathleen S. Matt. "Energy and Nutrient Status of Amenorrheic Athletes Participating in a Diet and Exercise Training Intervention Program." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 9, no. 1 (March 1999): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.9.1.70.

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Chronic energy deficit is one of the strongest factors contributing to exercise-induced menstrual dysfunction. In such cases, macro- and micronutrient intakes may also be low. This study presents the results of a diet and exercise training intervention program, designed to reverse athletic amenorrhea, on improving energy balance and nutritional status in 4 amenorrheic athletes. The 20-week program provided a daily sport nutrition supplement and 1 day of rest/week. The intervention improved self-reported energy intake (El) and balance in all participants. The program increased protein intakes for the 3 athletes with a protein deficit to within the recommended levels for active individuals. Micronutrient intakes increased, as did serum concentrations of vitamin B12, folate, zinc, iron, and ferritin. These results indicate that some amenorrheic athletes have poor nutritional status due to restricted Els and poor food selections. A sport nutrition supplement may improve energy balance and nutritional status in active amenorrheic women.

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Pedersen, Ida M., and Martin Norum. "Glimt fra International Sport + Exercise Nutrition Conference (ISENC) 2018." Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring 17, no. 1 (March 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/ntfe.17.1.10.

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Betts, James A. "Ringing the Changes in Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0320.

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Close, G. L., D. L. Hamilton, A. Philp, L. M. Burke, and J. P. Morton. "New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 98 (September 2016): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.016.

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ALBAY, Çağla, and Burcu YEŞİLKAYA. "THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS IN SPORTS NUTRITION AND VIEW OF THEIR EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS 36 (2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17363/sstb.2020.36.2.

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Aim: This study was prepared to investigate the effect of nutritional ergogenic supplements used by people who do sports on their body development in various sports branches. Methods: This review was prepared by compiling the studies on sports nutrition and supplementary foods used in sports nutrition in the last 15 years.Results: Genetic structure, appropriate training and nutrition are the primary factors affect the performance of athletes. The energy needs of athletes differ according to their age, gender, physical activity level and amount of the energy spent. The main factors should be considered in the nutritıon of each athlete must be ensuring the continuity of health and performance, consuming energy and nutrients adeqately, choosing the right food before and after the exercises, establishing continuity in body fat and leaning mass percentage according to the kind of sport performed and ensuring recovery and body fluid balance after training. In recent years, nutritional ergogenic aid has become widespread among athletes at different levels in order to increase the performance and achieve success more easily besides nutrition. As a result of reserarches and clinical trials, espicially glutamine, caffeine, creatine, vitamin and mineral supplements are allowed to be used in correct amounts and proporstions. Conclusion: Studies on Sports Nutrition and their scope are developing day by day. After the foundation of healthy nutrition is established, the sports process is supported with nutritional supplements, provided that the latest literature studies on this subject are followed.

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O’Brien, Luke, Kieran Collins, and Farzad Amirabdollhian. "Exploring Sports Nutrition Knowledge in Elite Gaelic Footballers." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041081.

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Nutrition intake plays a crucial role in improving athletic performance, enhancing adaptations to training, and augmenting recovery from exercise. However, research has reported that Gaelic footballers consistently fail to meet energy and carbohydrate recommendations. Sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) can influence the dietary intake of athletes, and therefore has the potential to have a significant impact on athletic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the current level of SNK in elite Gaelic footballers (n = 100). An online version of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) was used to assess sports SNK. The overall mean SNK scores for Gaelic footballers and practitioners were 47.6 ± 12.3% and 78.1 ± 8.3%, respectively. There were no differences in knowledge between age groups, education level or divisional status. The top three sources of nutrition information identified by participants were team dietitian/nutritionists (84.0%), athletic trainers/strength and conditioning coaches (73%), and social media (37%). The results show that there is a major gap in the SNK of Gaelic footballers, while practitioners demonstrated a promising SNK, that could support Gaelic footballers. There is a need for development of interventions and knowledge transfer partnerships, including more effective methods of educating Gaelic footballers and translating sports nutrition principles to players. Developing appropriate nutritional education strategies using online resources and mobile applications could help to improve nutritional knowledge and practice of Gaelic footballers.

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Nikolaidis, Pantelis, Eleftherios Veniamakis, Thomas Rosemann, and Beat Knechtle. "Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2018): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995.

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Athletes competing in ultra-endurance sports should manage nutritional issues, especially with regards to energy and fluid balance. An ultra-endurance race, considered a duration of at least 6 h, might induce the energy balance (i.e., energy deficit) in levels that could reach up to ~7000 kcal per day. Such a negative energy balance is a major health and performance concern as it leads to a decrease of both fat and skeletal muscle mass in events such as 24-h swimming, 6-day cycling or 17-day running. Sport anemia caused by heavy exercise and gastrointestinal discomfort, under hot or cold environmental conditions also needs to be considered as a major factor for health and performance in ultra-endurance sports. In addition, fluid losses from sweat can reach up to 2 L/h due to increased metabolic work during prolonged exercise and exercise under hot environments that might result in hypohydration. Athletes are at an increased risk for exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) and limb swelling when intake of fluids is greater than the volume lost. Optimal pre-race nutritional strategies should aim to increase fat utilization during exercise, and the consumption of fat-rich foods may be considered during the race, as well as carbohydrates, electrolytes, and fluid. Moreover, to reduce the risk of EAH, fluid intake should include sodium in the amounts of 10–25 mmol to reduce the risk of EAH and should be limited to 300–600 mL per hour of the race.

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DeBoer, Stephen W., Alisa C. Krizan, Rose J. Prissel, Susan P. Starkson, and Gina R. Wimmer. "Sports & Exercise Nutrition." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 74, no. 11 (November 1999): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/74.11.1186-a.

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Patten, Julie A. "Sports and Exercise Nutrition." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 32, no. 6 (June 2000): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200006000-00029.

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Kozior, Marta, Phillip M. Jakeman, and Catherine Norton. "Peri-training nutrition methods: advancements to dietary assessment in an athletic population." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 5 (May 2020): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2019-0622.

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Key opinion leaders in sport and exercise nutrition advocate for a personalised and periodised approach to dietary assessment and prescription. However, practice has not advanced to this level, making recommendations from key researchers unexploited in the applied setting. Our objective was to advance traditional nutritional assessment methods (data collection and analysis) of athletic populations to place training and competition stimulus at the core of a personalised, periodised approach. We term this approach peri-training nutrition (PTN). Novelty The PTN assessment allows researchers and practitioners to effect monitor habitual nutritional practices of athletes specific to athlete aims, training adaptation stimuli, and competitive events.

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King, A. J., A. Mellor, and J. P. O’Hara. "Military combat movements and exercises: is there a role for adopting sports nutrition carbohydrate recommendations during exercise?" Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 105, no. 1 (2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-105-34.

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AbstractThe daily energy requirements for specialist military troops can reach 5000 kcal during training and wartime deployment. Maintaining energy balance is important for health and physical and mental performance in this population, who can effectively be considered as high-performance endurance athletes. In the sporting world, a balanced diet consisting of 50-60% carbohydrate (CHO), 20-25% protein and 25-30% fat is recommended for these athletes. CHO intake is regarded as a key dietary constituent, as this substrate provides the sole fuel source during high-intensity exercise. However, achieving such high CHO intake rates can be challenging for military personnel, especially in the field. In sports nutrition, athletes commonly use dietary CHO supplements to reduce this deficit. There may be lessons and insight from nutrition and metabolism in sport that could provide Royal Marines, Medical Officers and other embedded medical professionals with strategies to increase CHO intake during intense training or combat situations.This review will highlight the exercise demands of infantry soldiering, will suggest supplementary strategies to increase CHO intake, in addition to dietary intake, and will describe the metabolic effects of CHO ingestion during prolonged activity in the context of military exercise.

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Olympia, Robert P., Christy Lucas, Vignesh Doraiswamy, Cristina Funghi, Hannah M. Wakefield, Bryan H. Wakefield, and Jodi Brady. "“SPORTS ARE FUN”: A Guide for the Discussion of Sport-Related Films." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1986065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19860657.

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Sport participation is an important part of the development of children and adolescents in the United States. Due to the popularity of sport-related films, coaches, athletic trainers, and parents have used these films to both educate and motivate pediatric athletes. The objective of this study was to develop a discussion guide template based on common positive and negative themes depicted in sport-related films, and demonstrate the application of this discussion guide template to a select number of sport-related films released from 2014 to 2018. A discussion guide template (“SPORTS ARE FUN”) was developed by the co-investigators, reflecting common themes of “ Sportsmanship, Participation for All, Obstacles, Relationships, Teamwork, Setting Realistic Goals, Academics, Responsibility, Exercise/Nutrition/Rest/Drugs/Performance Enhancing Drugs, Fun, Unrelenting Spirit, and “ No Pain, No Gain.” The authors hope that pediatric health care providers, athletic coaches/staff, and parents can utilize this discussion guide template in the education and development of children and adolescents who participate in sports.

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Lukaski, Henry C. "Physiology and Nutrition for Competitive Sport. Perspectives in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Volume 7." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, no. 6 (June 1995): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199506000-00027.

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Widiastuti, Putu Ayu, BM Wara Kushartanti, and BJ Istiti Kandarina. "Pola makan dan kebugaran jasmani atlet pencak silat selama pelatihan daerah Pekan Olahraga Nasional XVII Provinsi Bali tahun 2008." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17682.

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Background : The fulfillment of nutrient intake is a basic need of athletes. The result of observation to some athletes with varied branches of sport indicates that nutrition and physical exercise will simultaneously bring better output. Presently, attention to the administration of nutrition for athletes is lacking, moreover at local level. Meanwhile, providing good nutrition is as important as maintaining sports achievement.Objective : The study aimed to identify support of eating pattern to physical exercise of Bali self-defence athletes during local training of National Sports Week XVII Province of Bali.Method : This was a descriptive analytical study which used qualitative and quantitave approaches and cross sectional design. Subjects of the study were all of 26 self defence athletes participating in local training at National Sports Week Province of Bali. Data gathered were eating pattern, physical fitness (VO2 max and body fat percent), and physiological condition (hemoglobin level). Support of eating pattern to physical exercise was measured in terms of physical fitness using regression and correlation analysis. Result : Most of nutrient intakes of Bali self-defences athletes were low in carbohydrate but high in fat and protein. Statistical analysis showed that there were correlation and effect of vitamin C and Fe intake to VO2 max. There were correlation and effect of carbohydrate to body fat percent. There was protein affected hemoglobin level. Conclusion : Adequate consumption of nutrients was needed to support athletes in doing physical exercise during training period.

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Thompson, Janice L. "Exercise in improving health v. performance." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 68, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665108008811.

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Regular and goal-appropriate exercise is critical to improving and maintaining both health and performance. However, the frequency, intensity, duration and type of activities needed to optimise health or achieve successful sports performance will differ considerably depending on an individual's goals and capabilities. Although sport is one of many forms of exercise that can be counted towards daily physical activity, participation in sport is not necessary to meet current physical activity recommendations. The current consensus is that the minimum amount of physical activity needed to improve and maintain good health is 30 min moderate-intensity activity/d on ≥5 d/week. The evidence supporting this consensus is based on predominantly observational evidence that performing regular aerobic (endurance)-type physical activity is associated with reduced morbidity and premature mortality from CVD, CHD, stroke and colo-rectal cancer. The exact dose needed to improve health and the slope of the dose–response gradient between physical activity and mortality for various diseases are not known, and one major limitation of the existing evidence is the lack of objective measurement of physical activity. Limited evidence indicates that a much higher dose of activity (45–90 min each day on ≥5 d/week) may be needed to prevent overweight and obesity and to avoid weight regain in previously overweight and obese individuals. The role of resistance training and heavy domestic work in reducing morbidity and premature mortality for various diseases is unclear. As most adults do not meet current recommendations there is a critical need for innovative approaches to increase physical activity across large-scale populations.

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Ham, Sandra A., Judy Kruger, and Catrine Tudor-Locke. "Participation by US Adults in Sports, Exercise, and Recreational Physical Activities." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 6, no. 1 (January 2009): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.1.6.

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Background:Given the evidence that regular physical activity produces substantial health benefits, participation in sports, exercise, and recreation is widely encouraged. The objective of this study was to describe participation in sports, exercise, and recreational physical activities among US adults.Methods:Data from 2 national surveys of respondents age 18 years and older were analyzed. Respondents to the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2003 through 2005 (N = 45,246) reported all activities on 1 randomly selected survey day. Respondents to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 through 2004 (N = 17,061) reported leisure-time physical activities in the 30 days before the interview.Results:One-quarter of adults participated in any sport, exercise, or recreational activity on a random day, and 60.9% of adults participated in any leisure-time activity in the previous 30 days. The most common types of activities were walking, gardening and yard work, and other forms of exercise. The sports and recreational activities had typical durations of 1/2 to 3 hours per session, and the exercise activities typically lasted 1 hour or less.Conclusions:The prevalence of sports, exercise, and recreational physical activities is generally low among US adults; exercise is the most commonly reported type of activity.

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Baker, Lindsay B., Lisa E. Heaton, Ryan P. Nuccio, and Kimberly W. Stein. "Dietitian-Observed Macronutrient Intakes of Young Skill and Team-Sport Athletes: Adequacy of Pre, During, and Postexercise Nutrition." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, no. 2 (April 2014): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0132.

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Context:Sports nutrition experts recommend that team-sport athletes participating in intermittent high-intensity exercise for ≥1 hr consume 1–4 g carbohydrate/kg 1–4 hr before, 30–60 g carbohydrate/hr during, and 1–1.2 g carbohydrate/kg/hr and 20–25 g protein as soon as possible after exercise. The study objective was to compare observed vs. recommended macronutrient intake of competitive athletes under free-living conditions.Methods:The dietary intake of 29 skill/team-sport athletes (14–19 y; 22 male, 7 female) was observed at a sports training facility by trained registered dietitians for one 24-hr period. Dietitians accompanied subjects to the cafeteria and field/court to record their food and fluid intake during meals and practices/competitions. Other dietary intake within the 24-hr period (e.g., snacks during class) was accounted for by having the subject take a picture of the food/fluid and completing a log.Results:For male and female athletes, respectively, the mean ± SD (and percent of athletes meeting recommended) macronutrient intake around exercise was 1.4 ± 0.6 (73%) and 1.4 ± 1.0 (57%) g carbohydrate/kg in the 4 hr before exercise, 21.1 ± 17.2 (18%) and 18.6 ± 13.2 (29%) g carbohydrate/hrr during exercise, 1.4 ± 1.1 (68%) and 0.9 ± 1.0 (43%) g carbohydrate/kg and 45.2 ± 36.9 (73%) and 18.0 ± 21.2 (43%) g protein in the 1 hr after exercise.Conclusion:The male athletes’ carbohydrate and protein intake more closely approximated recommendations overall than that of the female athletes. The most common shortfall was carbohydrate intake during exercise, as only 18% of male and 29% of female athletes consumed 30–60 g carbohydrate/hr during practice/competition.

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McCubbin, Alan J., Bethanie A. Allanson, Joanne N. Caldwell Odgers, Michelle M. Cort, Ricardo J. S. Costa, Gregory R. Cox, Siobhan T. Crawshay, et al. "Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Nutrition for Exercise in Hot Environments." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0300.

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It is the position of Sports Dietitians Australia (SDA) that exercise in hot and/or humid environments, or with significant clothing and/or equipment that prevents body heat loss (i.e., exertional heat stress), provides significant challenges to an athlete’s nutritional status, health, and performance. Exertional heat stress, especially when prolonged, can perturb thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. Heat acclimation or acclimatization provides beneficial adaptations and should be undertaken where possible. Athletes should aim to begin exercise euhydrated. Furthermore, preexercise hyperhydration may be desirable in some scenarios and can be achieved through acute sodium or glycerol loading protocols. The assessment of fluid balance during exercise, together with gastrointestinal tolerance to fluid intake, and the appropriateness of thirst responses provide valuable information to inform fluid replacement strategies that should be integrated with event fuel requirements. Such strategies should also consider fluid availability and opportunities to drink, to prevent significant under- or overconsumption during exercise. Postexercise beverage choices can be influenced by the required timeframe for return to euhydration and co-ingestion of meals and snacks. Ingested beverage temperature can influence core temperature, with cold/icy beverages of potential use before and during exertional heat stress, while use of menthol can alter thermal sensation. Practical challenges in supporting athletes in teams and traveling for competition require careful planning. Finally, specific athletic population groups have unique nutritional needs in the context of exertional heat stress (i.e., youth, endurance/ultra-endurance athletes, and para-sport athletes), and specific adjustments to nutrition strategies should be made for these population groups.

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Helms, Eric R., Katarina Prnjak, and Jake Linardon. "Towards a Sustainable Nutrition Paradigm in Physique Sport: A Narrative Review." Sports 7, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7070172.

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Physique athletes strive for low body fat with high lean mass and have higher body image and eating disorder rates than the general population, and even other weightlifting populations. Whether athletes with a background or tendency to develop these issues are drawn to the sport, or whether it drives these higher incidences, is unknown. However, the biological drive of cyclical energy restriction may contribute to binge-eating behavior. Additionally, requisite monitoring, manipulation, comparison, and judgement of one’s physique may contribute to body image concerns. Contest preparation necessitates manipulating body composition through energy restriction and increased expenditure, requiring dietary restraint and nutrition, exercise, and physique assessment. Thus, competitors are at mental health risk due to (1) pre-existing or predispositions to develop body image or eating disorders; (2) biological effects of energy restriction on eating psychology; and (3) dietary restraint attitudes and resultant physique, exercise, and nutrition monitoring behavior. In our narrative review we cover each factor, concluding with tentative best-practice recommendations, including dietary flexibility, slower weight loss, structured monitoring, gradual returns to offseason energy intakes, internal eating cues, appropriate offseason body compositions, and support from nutrition and mental health professionals. A mental health focus is a needed paradigm shift in bodybuilding nutrition practice and research.

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Syihab, Syifa F., Widya Astuti, Muchamad Rizki Sentani, and Isti Kumalasari. "Nutritional Status Assessment of West Java Athletes: A Preliminary Studies." Journal of Applied Food and Nutrition 1, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jafn.v1i1.34325.

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The nutritional adequacy of athletes is one of the important factors that support sports performance. The fulfillment of proper nutrition based on the individual athlete's needs is the main prerequisite for health, physical fitness, and sports performance, especially during an undergoing competition. This study aims to see the nutritional adequacy and anthropometric conditions of athletes from various sports. The subjects are West Java athletes who are undergoing the initial training program held by Indonesia National Sports Committee. This research is a preliminary assessment, and it was expected as a reference in the general preparation stage of a training center program for the next 6 months. The anthropometric data were collected using the Omron HBF 375 Karada Scan Body Composition Monitor and Stadiometer, while the data collection on the adequacy of energy and nutrients used the 24-hour Food Recall. The results showed that most athletes had a nutritional status of obesity due to restrictions on exercise activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. 17.4% of athletes had an obesity category, had 18.78% of athletes had normal muscle mass. Meanwhile, women's volleyball is classified as low. The level of energy sufficiency in women's handball, women's softball, and men's bodybuilding have exceeded the level of daily energy requirement. An athlete nutrition assistance is needed based on the type of sport and individual needs.

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Burke, Louise M., Linda M. Castell, Douglas J. Casa, Graeme L. Close, Ricardo J. S. Costa, Ben Desbrow, Shona L. Halson, et al. "International Association of Athletics Federations Consensus Statement 2019: Nutrition for Athletics." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0065.

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The International Association of Athletics Federations recognizes the importance of nutritional practices in optimizing an Athlete’s well-being and performance. Although Athletics encompasses a diverse range of track-and-field events with different performance determinants, there are common goals around nutritional support for adaptation to training, optimal performance for key events, and reducing the risk of injury and illness. Periodized guidelines can be provided for the appropriate type, amount, and timing of intake of food and fluids to promote optimal health and performance across different scenarios of training and competition. Some Athletes are at risk of relative energy deficiency in sport arising from a mismatch between energy intake and exercise energy expenditure. Competition nutrition strategies may involve pre-event, within-event, and between-event eating to address requirements for carbohydrate and fluid replacement. Although a “food first” policy should underpin an Athlete’s nutrition plan, there may be occasions for the judicious use of medical supplements to address nutrient deficiencies or sports foods that help the athlete to meet nutritional goals when it is impractical to eat food. Evidence-based supplements include caffeine, bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrate, and creatine; however, their value is specific to the characteristics of the event. Special considerations are needed for travel, challenging environments (e.g., heat and altitude); special populations (e.g., females, young and masters athletes); and restricted dietary choice (e.g., vegetarian). Ideally, each Athlete should develop a personalized, periodized, and practical nutrition plan via collaboration with their coach and accredited sports nutrition experts, to optimize their performance.

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Maughan, R. J. "Nutritional ergogenic aids and exercise performance." Nutrition Research Reviews 12, no. 2 (December 1999): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728956.

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AbstractThe use of nutritional supplements in sport is widespread and few serious athletes do not, at some stage in their career, succumb to the temptation to experiment with one or more nutritional supplements. Nutritional ergogenic aids are aimed primarily at enhancing performance (either by affecting energy metabolism or by an effect on the central nervous system), at increasing lean body mass or muscle mass by stimulation of protein synthesis and at reducing body fat content. Although not strictly ergogenic (i.e. capable of enhancing work performance), supplements aimed at increasing resistance to infection and improving general health are seen by athletes as important in reducing the interruptions to training that minor illness and infection can cause. Creatine is perhaps the most widely used supplement in sport at the moment. Supplementation can increase muscle creatine phosphate levels and, although not all published studies show positive results, there is much evidence that performance of short-term high-intensity exercise can be improved by supplementation. Ingestion of large doses of bicarbonate can enhance performance of exercise where metabolic acidosis may be a limiting factor, but there is a significant risk of adverse gastrointestinal side effects. Caffeine can also improve performance, in part by a stimulation of fatty acid mobilization and sparing of the body's limited carbohydrate stores, but also via direct effects on muscle and possibly by central nervous system effects on the perception of effort and fatigue. Carnitine plays an essential role in fatty acid oxidation in muscle but, although supplements are used by athletes, there is no good evidence of a beneficial effect of supplementation. None of these products contravenes the International Olympic Committee regulations on doping in sports, although caffeine is not permitted above a urine concentration of 12 mg/l. Supplementation is particularly prevalent among strength and power athletes, where an increase in muscle mass can benefit performance. Protein supplements have not been shown to be effective except in those rare cases where the dietary protein intake is otherwise inadequate. Individual amino acids, especially ornithine, arginine and glutamine, are also commonly used, but their benefit is not supported by documented evidence. Cr and hydroxymethylbutyrate are also used by strength athletes, but again there are no well-controlled studies to provide evidence of a beneficial effect. Athletes use a wide variety of supplements aimed at improving or maintaining general health and vitamin and mineral supplementation is widespread. There is a theoretical basis, and limited evidence, to support the use of antioxidant vitamins and glutamine during periods of intensive training, but further evidence is required before the use of these supplements can be recommended.

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Burke, Louise M. "Caffeine and sports performance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 6 (December 2008): 1319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-130.

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Athletes are among the groups of people who are interested in the effects of caffeine on endurance and exercise capacity. Although many studies have investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion on exercise, not all are suited to draw conclusions regarding caffeine and sports performance. Characteristics of studies that can better explore the issues of athletes include the use of well-trained subjects, conditions that reflect actual practices in sport, and exercise protocols that simulate real-life events. There is a scarcity of field-based studies and investigations involving elite performers. Researchers are encouraged to use statistical analyses that consider the magnitude of changes, and to establish whether these are meaningful to the outcome of sport. The available literature that follows such guidelines suggests that performance benefits can be seen with moderate amounts (~3 mg·kg–1 body mass) of caffeine. Furthermore, these benefits are likely to occur across a range of sports, including endurance events, stop-and-go events (e.g., team and racquet sports), and sports involving sustained high-intensity activity lasting from 1–60 min (e.g., swimming, rowing, and middle and distance running races). The direct effects on single events involving strength and power, such as lifts, throws, and sprints, are unclear. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the range of protocols (timing and amount of doses) that produce benefits and the range of sports to which these may apply. Individual responses, the politics of sport, and the effects of caffeine on other goals, such as sleep, hydration, and refuelling, also need to be considered.

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Donati Zeppa, Sabrina, Deborah Agostini, Marco Gervasi, Giosuè Annibalini, Stefano Amatori, Fabio Ferrini, Davide Sisti, et al. "Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010017.

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The adult gut microbiota contains trillions of microorganisms of thousands of different species. Only one third of gut microbiota are common to most people; the rest are specific and contribute to enhancing genetic variation. Gut microorganisms significantly affect host nutrition, metabolic function, immune system, and redox levels, and may be modulated by several environmental conditions, including physical activity and exercise. Microbiota also act like an endocrine organ and is sensitive to the homeostatic and physiological changes associated with training; in turn, exercise has been demonstrated to increase microbiota diversity, consequently improving the metabolic profile and immunological responses. On the other side, adaptation to exercise might be influenced by the individual gut microbiota that regulates the energetic balance and participates to the control of inflammatory, redox, and hydration status. Intense endurance exercise causes physiological and biochemical demands, and requires adequate measures to counteract oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, electrolyte imbalance, glycogen depletion, frequent upper respiratory tract infections, systemic inflammation and immune responses. Microbiota could be an important tool to improve overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels in endurance athletes. The relationship among gut microbiota, general health, training adaptation and performance, along with a focus on sport supplements which are known to exert some influence on the microbiota, will be discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sport and exercise nutrition'

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