Dissertations / Theses: 'Sport and exercise nutrition'

1

Robinson, Scott Lloyd. "Fat oxidation during exercise : significance, determinants and response to nutrition." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7079/.

Full text

Abstract:

There is a large inter-subject variability in the capacity to oxidise fat (MFO) during exercise and this could have important implications for metabolic health. Chapter 3 of this thesis was designed to explore the relationship between MFO with 24-h fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity. This study showed that MFO during exercise is significantly and positively associated with 24-h fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity. Chapter 4 investigated relationships between selected plasma metabolites, hormones and overnight-fasted resting fat oxidation rates, with MFO. Plasma lipolytic markers, plasma insulin, resting fat oxidation and aerobic capacity were important modulators of the inter-subject variability in MFO. Chapter 5 explored the influence of meal timing around exercise on substrate utilisation, lipolytic markers and insulin, and intra-muscular triglyceride (IMTG) use in obesity. This study found that Fasted- as compared with Fed-state exercise augments exercise fat oxidation, and the circulating concentration of plasma glycerol and NEFA during exercise. This thesis generates new data that contributes to our understanding of the links between MFO and metabolic risk, as well as the factors that influence the inter-subject variability in MFO during exercise. It also shows that fasted exercise augments exercise fat oxidation, which could have meaningful implications for optimising metabolic health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Myers, Breanna. "Effects of Ingesting Fat Free and Low Fat Chocolate Milk After Resistance Training on Exercise Performance." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3620.

Full text

Abstract:

Collegiate athletes are always looking for ways to improve their performance. Resistance training has been incorporated into most collegiate athletic programs for this very reason. In order to improve strength, lean body mass, and exercise performance, resistance exercise and timely protein ingestion must be followed. Incorporating protein ingestion into a resistance training routine has been shown to improve net protein balance. Milk protein is gaining popularity as an ergogenic aid. There has been growing interest in the potential use of bovine milk (cow’s milk) as an exercise beverage, especially during recovery from resistance training and endurance sports. No studies have been conducted comparing fat free chocolate milk and low fat chocolate milk on muscular strength and body composition in collegiate softball players. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether fat free chocolate milk and low fat chocolate milk ingested after resistance exercise improves common performance assessments of collegiate softball players. Specifically, the performance assessments were the vertical jump test, 20-yard sprint, and the agility t-test. The participants were randomized according to strength and bodyweight, in a double blind experimental design. The 18 female, collegiate softball players (18.5 ± .7 yrs; 65.7 ± 1.8 inches; 156.2 ± 21.6 kg) ingested either fat free chocolate milk or low fat chocolate milk immediately after resistance exercise workouts for an 8-week period. Dependent variables included vertical jump test, 20-yard sprint test and agility t-test. The data was analyzed via a paired samples t-test (to detect difference across both groups over the eight week training period) and an independent samples t-test (to detect differences between the groups) using SPSS for Windows 15.0. No statistically significant differences were found in the vertical jump, 20 yard sprint, or agility t-test between the fat free chocolate milk group and the low fat chocolate milk group. The major, statistical, finding of this study is that the consumption of commercially available fat free chocolate milk versus low fat chocolate milk drink does not produce improvements in exercise performance in conjunction with an eight week periodized, resistance training program in collegiate softball players. The difference of 10 grams of fat (two servings per container) did not alter any of the performance variables (20 yard sprint, vertical jump or agility t-test).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Wilson, Rebekah Louise. "Exercise and nutrition induced weight loss for prostate cancer patients." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2370.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis encompasses six main chapters - two reviews and four experimental chapters, in addition to a general introduction and discussion. Review 1 (Chapter 2) is a discussion of the negative impact of obesity on prostate cancer prognosis and common prostate cancer treatments. Review 2 (Chapter 3) is an evaluation of the current literature examining prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and how exercise and nutrition interventions can be used to induce fat loss, while preserving or improving lean mass. Study 1 (Chapter 4) is an examination of the efficacy of a weight loss program in altering body composition in overweight and obese prostate cancer patients scheduled for a robot assisted radical prostatectomy. Study 2 (Chapter 5) is an examination of the efficacy of a 12-week weight loss intervention to reduce fat mass and maintain lean mass in obese prostate cancer patients receiving ADT, with quality of life outcomes reported in an accompanying chapter (Chapter 6). Finally, study 3 (Chapter 7) is an investigation of the effect of a 12-week self-managed home-based exercise and nutrition program on body composition, physical function, and quality of life in obese prostate cancer patients receiving ADT who had previously completed a 12-week weight loss program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Baker, Colin. "Partnership working for the promotion of sport and physical activity : an investigation into Community Sports Networks in England." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2011. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5588/.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Low participation in sport and physical activity pose a continuing public health challenge. In response, partnership approaches have commonly been employed in community public health interventions. However, evidence concerning sport and physical activity partnerships remains underdeveloped. Aim and methods: The aim of the research was to investigate the attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of community stakeholders participating in Community Sports Networks (CSNs) in England. A mixed methods research design was adopted. The quantitative component consisted of a sample of 171 CSN members from across England. The qualitative component consisted of a sample of 23 key informants from a single county in the South West of England. A synthesised grounded theory approach was used to integrate data. This involved: 1. Analysis of survey responses. 2. Analysis of interview transcripts. 3. Analysis of additional data including notes from CSN meetings and secondary documents. In addition, inferential statistical analyses were conducted on the quantitative data to assess the contributions from sets of predictor variables on the value of binary outcome variables. The results showed: 1. Participation in CSNs could be explained by a conceptual model which located 'searching for value' as the core category. Four sub-categories of notionally endorsing, speculating, scrutinising, and embedding helped to explain the participation process. 2. Perceived costs (OR = 0.89, 95% Cl 0.82 to 0.94, P < 0.05) were more important than perceived benefits (OR = 1.05, 95% Cl 0.98 to 1.14, P > 0.05) for predicting sense of satisfaction. Perceived costs (OR= 0.83, 95% Cl 0.74 to 0.94, P < 0.05) and communication (OR= 0.83, 95% Cl 0.67 to 0.81, P < 0.05) were strong predictors of sense of ownership. 3. Perceived benefits may have to be at least twice the level of perceived costs for a favourable cost-benefit ratio. Conclusions: Factors facilitating the creation of value promote stakeholder participation in CSN activities. However, the participation process is subject to a range of challenges which require constant attention.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Snyder, Brian S. "Carbohydrate ingestion and mouth rinsing on metabolism and endurance exercise performance." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/11993.

Full text

Abstract:

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Human Nutrition
Mark D. Haub
Maximizing performance and results in competitive events is something that all athletes strive to achieve. Nutritional strategies have been developed to best optimize the likelihood of success in competitive events. While dietary protein was classically believed to be the key macronutrient in exercise performance, overwhelming evidence now supports the role of maximizing carbohydrate intake and availability in endurance performance. The role of carbohydrate intake prior to, during and after endurance exercise has been heavily studied and relevant literature will be discussed herein. This paper consists of three chapters and a summary related to carbohydrate intake and performance outcomes in endurance sports. While nutritional status surrounding the endurance events is discussed, this paper focuses on the ergogenic and metabolic effects of carbohydrates during the endurance bout. Chapter one serves as a literature review of carbohydrate administration during endurance exercise. Types of carbohydrates, their role as substrates in liver and skeletal muscle during exercise, and their effects on endurance performance are discussed. The role of carbohydrate on central factors of fatigue and motor output also are covered. Chapter two addresses the role of multiple carbohydrate supplements on cycling performance. The role of these supplements on blood glucose, insulin, lactate, and IGFBP-1 also are discussed. Chapter three addresses the effect of nutritional status prior to exercise on the ability of a carbohydrate mouth rinse to impart a performance enhancing effect. There were no treatment effects (p>0.05) of the type carbohydrate ingested, compared with placebo, on selected metabolic and performance outcomes. Likewise, there was no ergogenic effect of mouth rinsing, in the fasted or fed state, in moderately trained endurance cyclists.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Kakos, Lynn S. "Improving cognitive function following exercise-induced dehydration| Role of sports drink supplementation." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618881.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: While brief bouts of exercise improve cognitive function, more prolonged exercise can suppress attention and executive function. Dehydration and heat exposure are known contributors to these deficits, though the role of blood sugar changes during exercise in cognitive dysfunction is less understood at this time. The current study sought to clarify the independent contribution of blood glucose levels to cognitive function following demanding exercise.

Method: Healthy adult males (N= 10, age= 21.9 +/- 1.97 years) presented for two counterbalanced experimental trials in a 100 degrees F heated chamber. Each experimental trial consisted of BASELINE glucose and cognitive function assessments, as measured by the Logical Relations (LR) and Running Memory Continuous Performance Task (RMCPT) subtests of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics- 4th Edition (ANAM4). Participants then completed 120 minutes of exercise on a cycle ergometer, with glucose and cognitive function measured POST-EXERCISE. Next, participants rehydrated with a zero-sugar or full-sugar sports beverage, with measures of glucose and cognitive function repeated immediately POST-REHYDRATION. Finally, after a 15-minute recovery period during which the participants rested while not permitted to drink, they completed experimental measures an additional time, at POST-RECOVERY.

Results: Physiological response to the experimental trials was similar across conditions. Participants demonstrated significantly reduced blood glucose levels (F(1,9)=16.93, p<0.01) and lost an average of 2.57% of their body weight following exercise. Contrary to hypotheses, repeated measures ANOVA showed performance on LR did not change from BASELINE to POST-EXERCISE and actually declined from POST-EXERCISE to POST-REHYDRATION (F(1,9)=9.44, p=0.01). Performance on RMCPT improved from BASELINE to POST-EXERCISE (F(19)=5.43, p<0.05) and the zero-sugar condition produced gains from POST-REHYDRATION to POST-RECOVERY (F(1,9)=6.45, p=0.03) relative to the full-sugar condition.

Conclusion: Contrary to past studies, cognitive function did not universally decline with strenuous exercise, despite reduced blood glucose levels. Performances on an attention measure increased following exercise and were unexpectedly better at POST-RECOVERY for the zero- versus the full-sugar condition. However, executive functioning was stable to POST-EXERCISE and declined following rehydration. The exact mechanisms responsible for this pattern of findings are unclear, but likely involve a combination of limited core temperature increase and dehydration level, reactivity to blood sugar fluctuations, and multiple possible variables not assessed in the current study such as neurotransmitter and blood lactate levels, brain temperature, physiological arousal, and task engagement. Future studies are needed to better understand the inconsistent findings across the literature, as a significant number of individuals engage in strenuous and prolonged exercise regularly, including those involved in service positions (i.e., military personnel and firefighters). Articulating the mechanisms at play in this phenomenon may increase safety and improve performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Torgå, Petter. "Träning och kost på ett idrottsgymnasium -En explorativ undersökning som handlar om sambandet mellan kost och träning på ett ishockeygymnasium : Exercise and nutrition at a sportsgymnasium -An explorative survey of the relation between exercise and nutrition at a Swedish icehockeygymnasium." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-893.

Full text

Abstract:

This is an examination report in physical education. It focuses on the relation between excercise and nutrition and how this relation works in an icehockeygymnasium in a midsized city in Sweden. The training ratio for the students are 11-12 times a week which indirectly means that the nutricion is very important to them so that they have the strength to manage both training and school. In this examination report you can read about how the food is composed and how many meals the students are offered through their education program. The persons that I´ve interviewed are the head coach, the president of the school restaurant and three students.

The students have practise in the noon two times a week, on Tuesdays and Thursdays. These days they are offered breakfast and lunch at the team restaurant, and a snack at the school restaurant. All three meals are adapted for athletes. During the other three schooldays they are offered a lunch in the schoolrestaurant that mostly fits the students needs for nutrition and they also get to eat the “athlete snack” at the schoolrestaurant.

My own concusions in this examination report is that the nutrition needs of the students seem to be nearly fulfilled. What can be better is mainly the communication between the headcoach and the president of the schoolrestaurant. Sometimes the students rejects to eat the food in the schoolrestaurant, and the personell don´t know why. A constructive dialogue between the students and the personell in the schoolrestaurant would therefore likely make the situation better.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Beis, Lukas Y. "An evidence-based approach to the application of the science of sports and exercise nutrition to optimising sporting performance." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3215/.

Full text

Abstract:

The primary objective of this series of experiments was to explore some of the reasons which lead to equivocal outcomes in the literature on dietary recommendations and to demonstrate the need for evidence-based data on well-trained and elite athletes. Therefore, the previous mentioned groups of athletes were recruited to participate in four research studies, each entailing a series of experimental trials. The data obtained were compared to previous research and/or to the established dietary recommendations. The aim of the first research study presented in this thesis (Chapter 2) was to examine the effects of Glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) supplementation on fatigue during high intensity, repeated cycle sprints in trained cyclists. It should be noted that despite the fact that studies on GAKIC supplementation involving well-trained subjects are lacking, athletes regularly use this commercially available supplement. This is is also the case for a vast range of other supplements whose suitability has been assessed in normal healthy subjects or recreationally active individuals. In the study presented in Chapter 2, 10 well-trained male cyclists completed two supra-maximal sprint tests each involving 10 sprints of 10 s separated by 50 s rest intervals on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Participants ingested 11.2 g of GAKIC (according to protocols previously established in the literature) or Placebo (Pl) during a period of 45 min prior to the experimental trials. Peak power, mean power, fatigue index as well as heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between conditions (GAKIC vs. Pl). Peak power declined from the 1st sprint (mean  SD) (Pl: 1332  307 W, GAKIC: 1367  342 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl: 1091  229 W, GAKIC: 1061  272 W) and did not differ between conditions (P = 0.88). Mean power declined from the 1st sprint (Pl: 892  151 W, GAKIC: 892  153 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl: 766  120 W, GAKIC: 752  138 W) and did not differ between conditions (P = 0.96). Fatigue index remained at ~38% throughout the series of sprints and did not differ between conditions (P = 0.99). HR and ratings of perceived exertion increased from the 1st sprint to the 10th sprint and did not differ between conditions (P = 0.11 and P = 0.83, respectively). The data reported, suggest that GAKIC has no ergogenic effect on repeated bouts of high intensity exercise in trained individuals. The reported data further contradicts previous performance studies where GAKIC was found to attenuate the decline in power output, improve muscle performance and delay muscle fatigue resulting in the improvement of total work during high intensity exercise. Notably, none of the previous studies involving GAKIC supplementation seem to control for a number of possible confounding factors that could have adversely affected the results. For instance, utilization of untrained individuals and failure to include baseline trials to establish the repeatability of performance trials leaves the reliability of the data open to question. Furthermore, the results in Chapter 2 highlight the importance of extrapolating decisions concerning the effectiveness of a marketed nutritional supplement from the best available research conducted on well-trained subjects. The aim of Chapter 3 was to assess the food and macronutrient intake of elite Ethiopian distance runners; a group of athletes that dominates endurance running. The results of the research allowed further examination and direct comparison of the nutrient intake to the established guidelines and previous studies conducted on African runners. The dietary intake of 10 highly-trained Ethiopian long distance runners, living and training at high altitude was assessed during a 7-day period of intense training prior to competition using the standard weighed intake method. Training was also assessed using an activity/training diary. Body mass (BM) was stable (i.e., was well maintained) over the assessment period (pre: 56.7 ± 4.3 kg vs. post: 56.6 ± 4.2 kg, P = 0.54). The diet comprised of 13375 ± 1378 kJ and was high in carbohydrate (64.3 ± 2.6% of total energy intake (TEI), 545 ± 49 g, 9.7 ± 0.9 g.kg-1). Fat and protein intake was 23.3 ± 2.1% TEI (83 ± 14 g) and 12.4 ± 0.6% TEI (99 ± 13 g, 1.8 ± 0.2 g.kg-1), respectively. Fluid intake comprised mainly of water (1751 ± 583 mL.day-1), while no fluids were consumed before or during training with only modest amounts being consumed following training. It was concluded that, as found in previous studies on elite Kenyan distance runners, the diet of these elite Ethiopian distance runners met most recommendations for endurance athletes in regard to macronutrient intake but not in regard to fluid intake. Nevertheless, it remains unclear in what way these differences in fluid consumption, before major competitions, have an impact on their performance. Therefore, Chapter 3 highlights the fact that more studies involving truly world-class athletes are required in order to assess and possibly improve the applicability of current recommendations to elite athletes. Chapter 3 also highlights the potential role of the commercial industry in the application of the science of exercise nutrition. Chapter 4 aimed to describe the drinking behaviours of elite male marathon runners during major city marathons. Retrospective video analysis of 10 male marathon runners during 13 major city marathons was undertaken. Total drinking durations during the marathons were determined by estimating the time spent ingesting fluid at each drinking station from video images. The ambient conditions during the 13 studied marathon races were 15.3 ± 8.6 oC (ambient temperature) and 59 ± 17% relative humidity; average marathon competition time was 02:06:31 ± 00:01:08 (h:min:s). Total drinking duration during these races was 25.5 ± 15.0 s (range: 1.6 - 50.7 s) equating to an extrapolated fluid intake rate of 0.55 ± 0.34 L.h-1 (range: 0.03 - 1.09 L.h-1). No significant correlations were found between total drink duration, fluid intake (rate and total), running speed and ambient temperature. Estimated BM loss based on calculated sweat rates and rates of fluid ingestion was 8.8 ± 2.1% (range: 6.6 - 11.7%). Measurements of the winner in the 2009 Dubai marathon revealed a BM loss of -9.8%. It was concluded that the most successful runners during major city marathons, drink fluids ad libitum (i.e., at one's pleasure) for less than ~60 s at an extrapolated fluid ingestion rate and is in accordance with the current recommendations by the American College of Sports Medicine of 0.4 - 0.8 L.h-1. Nevertheless, these elite runners do not seem to maintain their BM within the current recommended ranges of 2 – 3%. On the other hand, this apparently widely adopted ad libitum strategy during marathon racing seems to produce optimal/winning performances. This evidence and the finding that the runner, who set the previous world record (2008), finished a competitive race (Dubai, 2009) with a BM loss of 9.8%, suggest that a tolerable range for dehydration may exist. It is possible, that this tolerable limit of dehydration may not have a negative impact on running performance in elite runners and may even confer an advantage by preventing a significant increase in BM due to “over - consumption” of large volumes of fluid. Given the data extrapolated from “real world” studies (Chapters 3 and 4) and the established guidelines for fluid ingestion, the investigation in Chapter 5 aimed to examine a possible method that could bring together the established guidelines and the data extracted from “real world” studies. Therefore, the effects of a hyper-hydration method combining creatine (Cr) and glycerol (Gly) supplementation on thermoregulatory responses and running economy (RE) in hot and cool conditions were investigated. Cr•H2O (11.4 g), Gly (1 g•kg-1 BM) and glucose polymer (75 g) were administered twice daily to 15 male endurance runners during a 7-day period. Exercise trials were conducted pre- and post-supplementation at 10 and 35 °C and 70% relative humidity. Combined Cr and Gly supplementation increased BM and total body water by 0.90 kg and 0.71 L, respectively following supplementation. Despite the significant increase in BM, supplementation had no effect on oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and thus RE. Both HR and core temperature were attenuated significantly after supplementation. Combining Cr and Gly is effective in reducing thermal and cardiovascular strain during exercise in the heat without negatively impacting RE. The potential influence of the commercial industry on scientific objectivity, as well as the lack of properly evaluated, controlled and randomized studies are the two main weaknesses that prevent the establishment of well accepted guidelines for food and fluid intake of well-trained and elite athletes. The development of novel guidelines needs to be solely evidence-based. Therefore, in order to reach conclusions regarding specific categories of athletes, research should be conducted on homogeneous groups (i.e., either well-trained, or elite, or world-class). Furthermore, research must be conducted under environmental and other conditions that are equivalent to those met during ‘‘outdoor’’ exercise, in order to evaluate and even improve the prevailing recommendations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Hinken, Lindsey Elise. "Correlation Between Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) Scores and Biomarkers to Identify Female Athlete Triad Among Collegiate Athletes and to Evaluate the Validity of the Instrument." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2331.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to determine if the Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) is a valid indicator of the three physical components of Female Athlete Triad (FAT), malnutrition, amenorrhea, and low bone mineral density, and if administration of the FAST can be used as a time- and cost-effective way to identify FAT. Participants completed the FAST, the Menstrual Status Questionnaire, and had a blood sample drawn. Interpretation of the total FAST score placed participants in one of three conditions: normal, subclinical disordered eating, or clinical eating disorder. The presence of the three biomarkers of FAT was determined by participants’ responses on the Menstrual Status Questionnaire and protein analyses of their blood samples, in which plasma Prealbumin and CTx levels were tested. Results indicated that there were not significant differences between total FAST scores of participants in each of the groups for any of the three biomarkers (i.e., low versus normal Prealbumin levels; amenorrhea versus normal menstruation; high versus normal CTx levels). More research is needed before it can be determined if the FAST is an appropriate diagnostic tool for FAT. An overwhelming majority of the sample (79.5%) received total FAST scores that fell in the subclinical disordered eating or clinical eating disorder ranges, which supports previous findings that female athletes are at a high risk of developing disordered eating habits or eating disorders due to their unique characteristics and lifestyles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Walters, Joseph. "The Effects of Branched Chained Amino Acid Supplementation on Acute Markers of Fatigue and Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3631.

Full text

Abstract:

The purposes of this dissertation were to investigate the acute effects of branched-chain amino acids on psychological, physiological, and subsequent performance changes following high volume resistance training. The rationale for this study design was based on abrupt or contiguous training/ competitions that specific athletes encounter in a competitive season. This study design also sought to fill some gaps in the scientific literature concerning the efficacy of BCAAs for subjective fatigue in a resistance training paradigm. To address the purposes of this dissertation, a one-week study was conducted on resistance trained males, in which half of the subjects were randomly selected to receive BCAAs and the other half was a non-supplement group. The subjects in this study performed two high volume resistance training bouts consisting of squat and bench press (5 sets x 10 repetitions at 95% relative intensity) separated by two days. The physiological variables tested in this study were creatine kinase, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, testosterone, and cortisol. The performance variables tested in this study were static and counter-movement jumps, isometric mid-thigh pull, and Bosco repeated jumps. The primary findings from this study was that subjects in the BCAA group had a statistically significant decrease in muscle damage, indicated by levels of CK. Additionally, there was a statistically significant increase in T:C ratio for the BCAA group compared to the NS group. Concerning performance variables, BCAAs had a small to moderate effect on rate of force development; however, this result was not statistically significant. There were no differences in psychological variables between the groups. Based on the findings of this dissertation, BCAAs mitigate levels of muscle damage and rate of force development. To conclude, BCAAs may provide a competitive advantage for athletes when training volume and competitions become contiguous.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Jeffery, Emily. "Nutrition, body composition and physical activity in malignant pleural disease: associations with patient outcomes and response to an exercise intervention." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2384.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Patients with malignant pleural disease (MPD) have advanced cancer and high symptom burden. Goals of patient care are to optimise health-related quality-of-life (HR-QoL) and participation in daily physical activities. Supportive care interventions such as nutrition and exercise could offer benefit to patients. However, there is a lack of information on the prevalence of low muscle mass (i.e., pre-sarcopenia), malnutrition, inactivity and poor physical functioning in patients with MPD. Additionally, little is known about the factors associated with development of pre-sarcopenia and malnutrition or their associations with patient outcomes. Purpose: The objectives were to: 1) characterise physical activity levels and their relationship with patient outcomes; 2) compare methodology used to classify presarcopenia; 3) determine the prevalence of pre-sarcopenia and malnutrition and investigate their relationship with activity behaviours and HR-QoL; 3) determine the prevalence of poor physical functioning and nutritional outcomes throughout the two years postdiagnosis; 5) describe body composition changes and investigate their relationship with physical activity and dietary intake; and 6) examine the effects of nutritional status and dietary intake on outcomes of an exercise intervention. Methods: Three studies in patients with MPD were conducted: a cross-sectional study, a prospective observational study, and an exercise intervention study. Participants in the cross-sectional study (n=46) underwent assessment of physical activity levels (accelerometer). Participants in the observational (n=36) and exercise intervention (n=33) studies underwent assessment of nutritional status (Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment), body composition (computed tomography [CT], dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA]), physical activity levels (accelerometer), physical functioning (Timed Up-and-Go), HR-QoL (Short-Form 36; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy [FACT]-General), appetite (FACT-Anorexia Cachexia Scale) and fatigue (FACTFatigue). Participants in the intervention study underwent additional tests of physical functioning (Six-Minute Walk Test, chair rise) and muscular strength (1-repetition maximum leg press). Results: In the cross-sectional study, 89% of participants did not meet physical activity guidelines. There was moderate agreement between CT and DXA for the classification of pre-sarcopenia (ĸ=0.424; p=0.006). Fifty-four percent of participants were pre-sarcopenic, and 38% were malnourished. Compared to participants with normal muscle mass, presarcopenic participants were more sedentary (p=0.001) and participated in less light activity (p=0.008). Compared to participants who were well-nourished, malnourished participants had poorer HR-QoL (p0.05). In the exercise intervention, participants with adequate dietary intake (40%) had a significant increase in muscle mass (p=0.004), while participants with inadequate dietary intake (60%) maintained muscle mass (p=0.737). There were no differences between well-nourished and malnourished participants with respect to completion, adherence or tolerance of the intervention (p>0.05). Conclusion: Overall, there were high rates of pre-sarcopenia, malnutrition, inactivity, and poor physical functioning among participants with MPD. Pre-sarcopenia and malnutrition were associated with negative patient outcomes. Muscle loss was associated with decline in physical activity. The results indicate dietary intake could influence the effects of exercise. Interventions that target both physical activity and dietary intake could be most impactful.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Castizo, Olier Jorge. "Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in exercise and sports practice." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666587.

Full text

Abstract:

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive technique widely used in body composition assessment. Nevertheless, its accuracy is compromised because of its reliance on regression equations and assumptions that are not frequently met. The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA or "classic BIVA") emerged as an alternative technique to overcome conventional BIA limitations, founding its main strength on the use of raw impedance variables. BIVA is nowadays a widely used technique in medicine for the assessment of hydration and nutritional status in different clinical conditions. Although there has been a rapid growth of interest regarding the application of BIVA in sport and exercise research and practice in the recent years, the current scientific literature is still scarce and very heterogeneous. For this reason, we first systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the bases, applications, usefulness and suitability of BIVA in sport and exercise (Study I). Furthermore, we outlined future perspectives in this field and suggested a research agenda. In Studies II and III, we aimed at providing the first description, in bioelectrical terms, of a group of young elite female synchronised swimmers and a group of experienced, well-trained, non-professional, ultra-endurance male triathletes, comparing them with a reference non-athletic population. Additionally, we assessed the variation in the whole-body bioimpedance vector and body mass after a training session in synchronised swimmers and after a competition in triathletes. We concluded that the bioimpedance vector analysis is a technique that has a great potential in sport and exercise, yet largely unexplored, especially for the identification of soft-tissue injury and its follow-up. However, "classic" BIVA is inconsistent in the assessment of two-compartment body composition and the vector position of athletes in relation to the reference population seems controversial in many cases. "Specific" BIVA, a method which proposes a correction of bioelectrical values for body geometry, seems to overcome this limitation . In any case, specific bioelectrical distributions were found in synchronised swimmers and triathletes in comparison with their healthy, general reference population. In relation with this, Study II reports for the first time specific tolerance ellipses in a female sport group. Furthermore, BIVA showed bioelectrical differences between synchronised swimmers of different age and performance level. Accordingly, Study III also reported bioelectrical differences between triathletes of different performance level. Regarding the assessment of hydration status through "classic" BIVA, this is not a valid method to identify dehydration in individual athletes. Nevertheless, vector changes are consistent with fluid loss induced by high intensity synchronised swimming training and by an ultra-endurance triathlon competition, regardless of age and performance level. Furthermore, vector changes seem consistent with fluid recovery 48h after the triathlon event. However, more research is needed regarding the relationship between the bioelectrical signal and physiological adaptations induced by different types of exercise, especially in how the structure and function of the cell are altered and how these affect the behaviour of resistance, and in particular reactance.
El análisis de impedancia bioelectrica (BIA) es una técnica no invasiva ampliamente utilizada en la evaluación de la composición corporal. Sin embargo, su precisión se ve comprometida debido a la dependencia de ecuaciones de regresión y suposiciones que no se cumplen con frecuencia. El análisis del vector de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIVA o BIVA "clásico") surgió como una técnica alternativa para superar las limitaciones del BIA convencional, basando su principal fortaleza en el uso de parámetros primarios de impedancia. Hoy en día, BIVA es una técnica ampliamente utilizada en medicina como herramienta para la evaluación de la hidratación y el estado nutriciónal en diferentes condiciones clínicas. En cuanto a la aplicación de BIVA en la investigación y práctica de ejercicio y deporte, el interés ha crecido rápidamente en los últimos años, aunque la literatura científica actual es todavía escasa y muy heterogénea. Por esta razón, en la presente tesis realizamos primero una revisión sistemática sobre el conocimiento actual en relación a las bases, aplicaciones, utilidad e idoneidad de BIVA en el deporte y el ejercicio (Estudio I). Además, trazamos las perspectivas futuras en este campo y sugerimos una agenda de investigación. En los Estudios II y III, nuestro objetivo fue proporcionar la primera descripción, en términos bioelectricos, de un grupo de jóvenes deportistas de élite de natación sincronizada y un grupo masculino no profesional de triatletas de ultra-resistencia, experimentados y bien entrenados, comparándolos con su población sana de referencia. Además, evaluamos la variación en el vector de bioimpedancia de cuerpo completo y la masa corporal después de un entrenamiento en las nadadoras y después de competición en los triatletas. Tras analizar los resultados obtenidos, concluímos que el análisis del vector de bioimpedancia es una técnica que tiene un gran potencial (aún apenas explorado) en el deporte y el ejercicio, especialmente para la identificación de lesiones de tejidos blandos y su seguimiento a lo largo de la recuperación. Sin embargo, el BIVA "clásico" no es consistente en la evaluación bicompartimental de la composición corporal y la posición del vector de los atletas en relación a su población de referencia parece conflictiva en muchos casos. El BIVA "especffico", un metodo que propone una corrección de los valores bioelectricos en relación a la geometria del cuerpo, parece superar esta limitación. En cualquier caso, se encontraron distribuciónes bioeléctricas especificas en nadadoras de natación sincronizada y en triatletas en comparación con su población sana de referencia. En relación a esto, el Estudio II genera por primera vez elipses de tolerancia específica en un grupo femenino de deportistas. Ademas, BIVA mostró diferencias bioeléctricas entre las nadadoras de diferentes edades y niveles de rendimiento. Asimismo, el Estudio III tambien informó sobre diferencias bioeléctricas entre los triatletas de diferentes nivel deportivo. Con respecto a la evaluación del estado de hidratación a través del BIVA "clasico", éste no es un método valido para identificar la deshidratación en atletas. Sin embargo, los cambios en el vector son consistentes con la pérdida de fluidos inducidos por un entrenamiento de natación sincronizada de alta intensidad y por una competición de triatlón de ultra-resistencia, independientemente de la edad y el nivel de rendimiento deportivo. Además, la migración del vector parece consistente con la recuperación de Iíquidos 48 horas despues de la carrera de triatlón. Sin embargo, se necesita investigar más acerca de la relación entre la señal bioeléctrica y las adaptaciones fisiológicas inducidas por diferentes tipos de ejercicio, especialmente en cómo son alteradas la estructura y la función celular, y cómo estas afectan al comportamiento de la resistencia y, en particular, al de la reactancia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Keane, Karen. "Polyphenol pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular, cognitive and exercise pharmacodynamics following Montmorency tart cherry intake in humans." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/31599/.

Full text

Abstract:

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of global mortality (Naghavi, 2015). Given the global health issues associated with poor cardiovascular function, interventions that help reduce the severity and prevalence of these diseases would not only have economic implications, but would also improve health, wellbeing and quality of life. Epidemiological studies have suggested that polyphenol-rich foods can exert positive cardiovascular health benefits and as a result could reduce the severity of the primary pathology and increase the capacity to stay physically and mentally active (Joshipura et al., 1999; Bazzano et al., 2002; Hung et al., 2004). One of most studied polyphenol-rich, functional foods in recent years, in both the clinical and exercise domains, has been tart cherries. Tart cherries and their derivatives are high in numerous polyphenols (Wang et al., 1999; Seeram et al., 2001; Seymour et al., 2014; Bell et al., 2014) that include the flavonoids isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins, and anthocyanins (Kim et al., 2005; Kirakosyan et al., 2009). Indeed, there has been an enormous research effort over the past decade to delineate the physiological and biochemical effects that tart cherries (and its constituents) might afford, and how these effects could be exploited to improve health outcomes. There is now strong evidence that tart cherries attenuate inflammation (Wang et al., 1999), oxidative stress (Howatson et al., 2010; Bell et al., 2014) and accelerate exercise recovery (Howatson et al., 2010; Bowtell et al., 2011; Bell et al., 2014; 2016). Furthermore, cherry extracts have been shown, in cell and animal models, to exert a range of cardioprotective effects that include increasing nitric oxide production and antioxidant (AOX) status, reducing lipid oxidation and inhibiting inflammatory pathways (Wang et al., 1999; Seeram et al., 2001). However, data from human trials are not always consistent. Furthermore, it is yet to be explored whether MC concentrate can be used for performance enhancement. Thus, the overarching aim of this thesis was to elucidate the effects of Montmorency, a specific cultivar of tart cherry, (MC) supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance in humans. The series of investigations that set out to address this aim have led to many novel and interesting findings. To begin, study 1 was the first to show that protocatechuic and vanillic acid were identified in the plasma post MC consumption. Furthermore, a combination of PCA and VA increased cell migration, but had no effect on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Secondly, and perhaps the most novel finding of this thesis was that MC supplementation showed promise as an effective adjuvant in the management of hypertension. This was a consistent finding throughout the thesis; in all instances MC supplementation was able to significantly reduce systolic blood pressure. Another important finding was that MC supplementation resulted in an acute modulation of cerebral blood flow parameters in the front cortex during task performance with no changes in cognition or mood. Finally, the final study of this thesis demonstrated that MC supplementation can improve aspects of exercise performance with no changes in V̇O2 kinetics, NO2- concentrations or muscle oxygenation. All of these findings suggest that circulating phenolic metabolites derived from MC juice are at least partly responsible for these effects. Collectively, findings of this thesis provide novel information to literature surrounding the application of MC in health maintenance and exercise performance. In addition to identifying and quantifying some of the primary downstream metabolites of the principal anthocyanins contained in the concentrate, this research is the first to provide efficacy for the use of MC supplementation to acutely modulate various aspects of vascular function including systolic blood pressure, total and oxy-Hb during a cognitively challenging task. The underlying mechanisms that govern these effects remain elusive, although data from study 1, 2 and 4 would suggest that it is not likely to be attributed to NO, at least systemically. A more likely idea by which MC supplementation improves factors associated with CVD is based on the uptake of polyphenols that possess cardio-protective properties. To conclude, this thesis highlights the ability of MC to improve aspects of cardiovascular function and exercise performance. Circulating phenolic metabolites derived from MC are at least partly responsible for these acute improvements. Further work is required to; fully elucidate the mechanisms by which MC exerts its protective effects, determine whether the effects reported would be amplified using chronic supplementation and demonstrate effects of MC supplementation within habitual dietary practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Dubbel, Sofhie. "Exogenous ketone supplementations in sports: Metabolic, physical, and cognitive effects." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39429.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Goh, Zhong Sheng Jensen. "EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AND FENUGREEK SOLUBLE FIBER SUPPLEMENTS ON SUBMAXIMAL AND MAXIMAL AEROBIC PERFORMANCE INDICES IN UNTRAINED COLLEGE-AGED SUBJECTS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/69.

Full text

Abstract:

Submaximal exercise performance is, in part, limited by the accumulation of metabolic byproducts and energy system capacities. Curcumin and the combination of curcumin and fenugreek soluble fiber (CurQfen®) have been shown to increase endogenous antioxidants and metabolic byproduct clearance as well as reduce inflammation and lipid peroxidation, and therefore, may enhance submaximal aerobic thresholds. In addition, there is evidence that the galactomannan component of fenugreek, used to enhance bioavailability of curcumin, may also have potential physiological effects related to the up regulation of free fatty acid oxidation Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of curcumin and fenugreek soluble fiber supplementation on the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), maximal oxygen consumption (O2 peak), and time to exhaustion (Tlim)derived from a graded exercise test (GXT). Forty-five untrained, college-aged, male (n = 24) and female (n = 21) subjects (mean age ± SD: 21.2 ± 2.5 yr) were randomly assigned to one of three supplementation groups; placebo (PLA, n=13), 500 mg·day-1 CurQfen® (CUR, n=14), or 300 mg·day-1 fenugreek soluble fiber (FEN, n=18). All of the subjects completed a maximal GXT on a cycle ergometer to determine the VT, RCP, O2 peak, and Tlim before (PRE) and after (POST) 28 days of daily supplementation. The VT and RCP were determined from the V-slope method for the ventilation (E)vs. O2 and E vs. CO2, respectively. Separate, one-way ANCOVAs were used to examine the between group differences for adjusted POST VT, RCP, O2 peak, and Tlim values, with the respective PRE test value as the covariate. The adjusted POST VT-O2 for the CUR (mean ± SD= 1.593 ± 0.157 L·min-1) and FEN (1.597 ± 0.157L·min-1) groups were greater than (p= 0.04 and p= 0.03, respectively) the PLA (1.465 ± 0.155L·min-1) group, but the FEN and CUR groups were not different (p = 0.94). The one-way ANCOVAs for RCP (F = 3.177, p = 0.052), O2 peak (F = 0.613, p = 0.547), and Tlim (F = 0.654, p = 0.525) indicated there were no significant differences among groups. These findings suggested that CurQfen® and/or fenugreek soluble fiber may improve submaximal, but not maximal, aerobic performance indices in untrained subjects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Mobley-Meulman, Margaret. "Exercise Participation during Weight Loss on a High Protein – Low Carbohydrate Diet Plan in Females Aged 15-25 Years." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1188.

Full text

Abstract:

Weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Obese adults have an increased risk for serious health conditions including high blood pressure and cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and certain cancers (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Participation in exercise can help control weight, strengthen muscles and bones, and reduce the incidence of cardiac events, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, colon and breast cancers, osteoporotic fractures, gallbladder disease, obesity, depression, anxiety, and delay mortality (ACSM, 2009). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of exercise participation during weight loss on a high protein-low carbohydrate diet plan during a 12-week span in females aged 15 to 25 years. Specifically, this research study was a comparison of markers of health such as weight, fat mass, percent body fat, and fat-free mass in females who consistently exercised during the diet (Exercisers) from those who did not participate in consistent exercise (Non- Exercisers). The population in this study was selected due to the transition from high school to college being a critical period because it is associated with many identity choices and lifestyle changes that can lead to weight gain (Anderson, Shapiro, & Lundgren, 2003). The data indicate participation in regular exercise, while consuming a high protein-low carbohydrate diet plan, increases the loss of body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat when compared to participating in the diet plan alone. There was no significant difference in fat-free mass reduction between the groups. One implication for practice is recommending moderate to vigorous exercise for a minimum of 30 minutes at a time, totaling a minimum of 150 minutes per week, for females trying to achieve weight loss. Based from the results of this research study, in order to achieve a greater amount of body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat reduction one should consider incorporating exercise participation and high protein-low carbohydrate dieting into their weight loss plan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Sears, Leigh A. "Body image and behavior in NCAA division III female athletes involved in team sports in the midwest." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1188918638.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Vogel, Etresia. "The effect of the glycemic index on endurance performance." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01032007-130823/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Shaw, Aaron P. "The Effect of a Pre-Exercise Nutritional Supplement on Muscle Fatigue During Handgrip Exercise." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1373030510.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Toma, Kumika. "Effects of High-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Versus High-Protein and Low-Carbohydrate Diets on High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3372362.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

O'Doherty, Alasdair Fraser. "The effects of acute exercise and nutritional interventions on postprandial lipid metabolism." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:17126.

Full text

Abstract:

Raised postprandial triglycerides (TG) is an independent risk factor for cardio-metabolic disorders. This is due, in part, to the increases in circulating remnant lipoproteins after TG have been transported for storage or hydrolysis. Raised TG, are also associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype (High TG, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles). In addition, elevated TG contribute to ectopic storage of fatty acids in liver, adipose and muscle tissues, contributing to insulin resistance in all three tissues and consequent metabolic dysregulation. It is therefore paramount to prevent frequent and prolonged exposure to raised TG in the postprandial period, particularly in groups who are at increased risk of cardio-metabolic disease. The dyslipidaemic component of cardio-metabolic health can be inferred by assessing the capacity to breakdown and clear TG from circulation after high fat ingestion using an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT). The OFTT can also be used to assess the efficacy of interventions targeting reductions in postprandial TG. Exercise and nutritional interventions have been shown to alter postprandial TG excursions and provide insight in to underlying mechanisms of postprandial lipid metabolism. However, there are several topics within this area of research that require further clarification. These topics have been addressed within this thesis. The first experimental chapter of this thesis (chapter 3) aimed to investigate the repeatability of an OFTT (75g fat, 22g carbohydrate, 14g protein) designed to meet recommendations from an expert panel statement. This study also aimed to evaluate the repeatability of the postprandial response to an OFTT preceded by 1 hour of acute moderate intensity exercise (cycling at a work rate eliciting 90% oxygen consumption anaerobic threshold). After an overnight fast, 11 healthy adult male participants consumed OFTT meals on 4 separate occasions; 2 preceded by rest and 2 preceded by exercise. TG area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each test and compared to the repeat condition using non-parametric Bland-Altman analysis. The 4-hour OFTT was repeatable in the rest condition, with 9 of 10 repeat measurements falling within ±15% of the median TG AUC (predefined as the upper limit of acceptable error). However, in the exercise condition repeatability was poor with only 2 of 11 repeat measurements falling within 15% of the median TG AUC. Adult offspring of type 2 diabetics (OT2D) show irregular TG responses to OFTT with high or low carbohydrate content, compared to healthy controls. Prior acute aerobic exercise may favourably influence these postprandial responses in OT2D. This feasibility study (Chapter 4) aimed to investigate the effects of carbohydrate content and acute exercise on TG AUC after OFTT in OT2D. On 4 separate days, 8 adult male OT2D ingested OFTTs with low (HFLC; 75g fat, 22g carbohydrate, 14g protein) or high (HFHC; 75g fat, 95g carbohydrate, 14 g protein) carbohydrate content. Participants rested or exercised (1-hour moderate intensity; 90% oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold) the day before each OFTT. Recruitment to the single centre was slow, but participant adherence to the study was good. There were large effect sizes for lower TG AUC and incremental AUC (iAUC) in the HFHC with prior exercise. Insulin AUC was higher in HFHC conditions and there was a large effect size for lower insulin AUC in the exercise conditions. Given the large effect sizes observed for the effects of prior acute exercise on postprandial TGs, an adequately powered multi-centre study was deemed to be relevant and feasible. Consumption of strawberries appears to be beneficial in attenuating the postprandial lipaemic response to OFTT due to the high polyphenol content within strawberries. The mechanisms of this attenuation in postprandial lipaemia appear to be different from the mechanisms involved in exercise induced reductions in postprandial lipaemia. However, the combined effects of exercise and strawberry interventions in reducing postprandial lipaemic responses to OFTT has not been investigated. The final experimental chapter (Chapter 5) aimed to evaluate the combined effects of acute exercise and strawberry consumption on postprandial responses to OFTT (73g to 74g fat, 32g to 33g carbohydrate, 11g to 12g protein). On 4 separate days, ten overweight/obese males ingested OFTTs with 25g freeze dried strawberries or a placebo. Participants rested or exercised (40 minutes submaximal high intensity exercise, HIIE) the day before each OFTT. There was a 20% reduction in TG AUC in the exercise conditions and no differences in TG AUC in the strawberry conditions. This thesis offers key contributions to postprandial lipid metabolism research. First, the OFTT recommended by an expert panel statement is repeatable. Second, the variability observed in postprandial responses to OFTT with immediate prior exercise may explain the inconsistencies within the literature. Third, acute exercise showed a substantive effect in reducing TG AUC and iAUC with high carbohydrate OFTT in adult OT2D. These improvements could be explained by acute improvements in insulin sensitivity, however, a further adequately powered study is required to support the findings of this feasibility study. Finally, acute HIIE appears to be an effective strategy to reduce postprandial TG, but strawberry intake does not appear to improve postprandial TG.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hodgson, Adrian. "Influence of nutritional interventions to optimise fat metabolism and exercise performance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4676/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigated three commonly used nutritional interventions that are often claimed to alter substrate metabolism and improve exercise performance: green tea extract (GTE), coffee and vitamin D. GTE and caffeine have been hypothesized to increase fat oxidation at rest and during exercise, thereby lowering the reliance on skeletal muscle glycogen and improving endurance exercise capacity. We observed that 7 days GTE supplementation resulted in an increase in metabolites related to fat and energy metabolism at rest but not during moderate intensity exercise. The current thesis also found that endurance exercise performance can be improved to the same extent by either using coffee or caffeine. However, these improvements in endurance exercise performance were independent of changes to fat oxidation during exercise. We also demonstrate that athletes living in Birmingham, United Kingdom, display a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during the winter and thus require nutritional support. However, despite the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, there was no association between vitamin D status and skeletal muscle function or exercise performance. Short term vitamin D supplementation at doses above the current recommended daily allowance was highly effective in correcting vitamin D deficiency to sufficiency. But supplementation did not alter any measure of performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Holland, Justin J. "The role of hydration in motorsport performance." Thesis, University of Queensland, 2018.

Find full text

Abstract:

Motorsport is a physically and cognitively demanding sport, where driver-athletes compete in compensable environments. The term ‘driver-athlete’ acknowledges that drivers possess certain unique skills that have been developed through training and practice that allows them to compete for a prize, recognition and admiration from peers and the public. Hydration and physical fitness are two important variables that may assist in a driver’s preparation for a race and subsequent health, safety and performance. This thesis has three main research studies that aim to understand the associated demands of motor racing, the attitudes and behaviours of drivers towards thermoregulation and physical fitness and finally understanding how these variables interact to determine the impact of dehydration on a driver’s health, safety and performance. The studies collectively contributed to better understand how to optimise the performance of the driver-athlete. Study one aimed to explore the hydration status and thermoregulatory responses during Australian Supercar racing. Data was collected from Friday through to Sunday of three separate race meetings from three professional Australian Supercar drivers. Friday races consisted of three 20 – 30 min practice sessions, Saturday was a 20 min qualifying session and two races (36 – 56 min) with one endurance race (75 – 116 min) on Sunday. Contrary to our hypothesis, drivers progressively hydrated over the three days in accordance with a gradual increase in fluid intake, despite rarely consuming fluid during a race due to unpalatable water temperatures and limited availability of fluid. Morning urine samples indicated a hypohydrated [urine specific gravity (USG) >1.020] state for 50, 44 and 44% of the samples collected on Friday (n = 6), Saturday (n = 9) and Sunday (n = 9), respectively. Importantly, 25% (n = 16) of tympanic temperatures were >38.5oC indicating moderate heat strain and moderate-to-extreme dehydration [42% of total samples (n = 158) with a USG >1.020], suggesting that some drivers may be susceptible to hyperthermia and dehydration in compensable environments. Study two determined if the observed behaviours in study one were related to the attitudes of drivers towards hydration, and whether those behaviours were a construct of their purported benefit/decrement on performance. Using a survey that was divided into three components: 1) attitudes and perceptions, 2) behaviours, and 3) demographics was completed. The survey included a total of 79 questions on a Likert-type scale rating importance or agreeance, and in some questions, acknowledgement of select behaviours. A total of one hundred drivers (56.5% of respondents) completed the survey in full. Driver-athletes noted the importance of fluid balance (95.0% of respondents) and physical fitness (80.0% of respondents) in relation to performance. A higher (p = 0.002) number of professional drivers (71.4%) noted the importance of measuring body mass for hydration status compared to amateur drivers (37.5%). A higher (p = 0.008) percentage of amateur drivers (70.8%) indicated that they don’t follow an individualised hydration plan in comparison to professional drivers (42.9%). External cooling devices were used across a race weekend, including cool suits and cold towels (both 16.0%), and ice vests and ice baths (4.0%). Plain water was predominately ingested (95.0%) across a race weekend by drivers, however there was a distinct lack of access to fluids during a race. There was an apparent lack of translation from attitudes to behaviours for idealistic hydration, thermoregulation and physical fitness-related practices. Drivers clearly acknowledge the importance of hydration, thermoregulation and physical fitness, but the importance placed on measuring these factors to prevent dehydration and heat stress is not evident. The preceding studies informed the methodological design for research study three. In this study, the effect of dehydration on simulated motor racing performance and physiological parameters were investigated. In a crossover-control design, participants (n = 15) were randomised (counter-balanced) to either a no fluid trial [2.00% body mass loss (BML)] or fluid trial to achieve a 0.50% body mass gain. Passive dehydration to 2.00% BML was achieved via sauna exposure (43.3°C). The control group was also exposed to the sauna, however received plain room temperature water in 9.5 ± 1.5 bottles of water every 10 min to achieve a 0.50% body mass gain. After a 2 h rest period participants raced around the Bathurst race-track using a fixed-based racing simulator for 60 min in conditions (43.2°C) similar to that of Australian Supercar racing. Dehydration appeared to have no influence (p = 0.293) on racing performance, however, there was a trend (p = 0.007; r = 0.516) for drivers to have more severe errors towards the end of the race. There was a positive (p < 0.05) effect of being hydrated on peak measurements of core temperature (37.7 ± 0.3 vs. 38.0 ± 0.2°C), physiological strain index (3.5 ± 1.1 vs. 4.1 ± 1.1) and heart rate (121 ± 16 vs. 129 ± 16 beats.min-1) in comparison to being dehydrated. This data indicates that entering a race of 60 min duration in a dehydrated state (2.69% body mass loss) resulted in no performance benefit or detriment, despite participants reporting feelings of thirst and reduced alertness, concentration, and mood at the beginning of the race. Overall, this thesis shows that hydration does have a role in a driver’s health, safety and performance. However, the importance and hierarchical priority of hydration in a driver’s preparation is highly individual with substantial variations in thermoregulatory responses to motor racing. It appears the hydration behaviours and attitudes of drivers have limited impact on their racing performance, however, may have effects on their health and thermoregulatory capacity. Collectively, the present results provide insight into the driver-athlete and the role that hydration has on a driver's health, safety and performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Slawson, Deborah, William T. Dalton, Taylor McKeehan Dula, Jodi Southerland, Liang Wang, Mary Ann Littleton, Diana Mozen, et al. "College Students as Facilitators in Reducing Adolescent Obesity Disparity in Southern Appalachia: Team up for Healthy Living." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5113.

Full text

Abstract:

The proportion of obese adolescents in Southern Appalachia is among the highest in the nation. Through funding from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities — National Institutes of Health, the Team Up for Healthy Living project was a cluster-randomized trial targeting obesity prevention in adolescents through a cross-peer intervention. The specific aims of the project were to: 1) develop a peer-based health education program focusing on establishing positive peer norms towards healthy eating and physical activity (PA) among high school students, 2) test program efficacy, and 3) explore mechanisms underlying the program. The study was guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, which presupposes that human behavior is primarily driven by attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and social support. To deliver the intervention, undergraduate students from the disciplines of public health, nutrition, and kinesiology were hired as peer facilitators. Ten area high schools were invited to participate, were matched on demographics and then randomized to intervention or control. The primary outcomes of the study included body mass status, dietary behaviors, PA, and sedentary behaviors which were assessed at baseline and at three and twelve months post baseline. Intervention schools received Team Up for Healthy Living curriculum, which consists of eight 40-minute sessions. The curriculum focused on improving nutrition awareness, PA, leadership and communication. Control schools received their regularly scheduled Lifetime Wellness curriculum. The long-term goal of the study was to establish an effective academia–community partnership program to address adolescent obesity disparity in Southern Appalachia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Nebl, Josefine [Verfasser]. "Vegetarian diets and Sports : nutritional status and exercise performance in recreational runners / Josefine Nebl." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1204458561/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Impey, S. "Nutritional manipulation of exercise induced skeletal muscle cell signalling : implications for acute training adaptations." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7320/.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditional nutritional approaches for endurance training typically advise high carbohydrate (CHO) availability before, during and after each training session to suppor high training volume, intensity and recovery. However, during the last decade, accumulating data demonstrate that carefully scheduled periods of reduced CHO availability actually augment training-induced oxidative adaptations of skeletal muscle, the so-called train-low paradigm. In accordance with this movement there is also growing rationale ot consume protein before, during and/or after train-low sessions in an attempt to simultaneously promote mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and improve net muscle protein balance. The aim of this thesis was to assess the effects of reduced CHO but high protein availability on the regulation of molecular pathways associated with modulation of the aforementioned components of training adaptation. On the basis of characterising such molecular responses, a secondary aim was to formulate a nevel framework for which to practically apply train-low paradigms. Given the enhanced oxidative adaptatios observed when training in CHO restricted state is potentially regulated through free fatty acid (FFA)-mediated signalling, the aim of study 1 (chapter 4) was to test the hypothesis that leucine-enriched protein feeding before and during exercise does not impair FFA availability or whole body lipid oxidation during exercise. Here I utulised a novel leucine enriched protein gel and compaired this agains a whey drink or placebo gel in a repeated masures design. This study showed that despite the insulemic effects of protein provision, there was no imparment in FFA availability or whole body lipid oxidation during exercise. Therefore, suggesting that protein feeding does not hinder a key objective of train-low sessions. Building on the results from study 1, I next saught to characterise the effects of reduced CHO but high leucine availability on exercise capacity and cell-signalling responses associated with exercise-induced regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and MPS. While low CHO availability inhibited exercise capacity, comparible mitochondrial signalling responces were seen at the point of fatigue despite participants performing significantly more work in high CHO condition. This demonstrated that training with low CHO is work-efficient in eliciting beneficial signals regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Despite providing leucine rich protein before, during and after exercise, MPS related signalling could not be rescued during the CHO restriced post-exercise period in the low CHO condition. The data from this study suggest that although there are potential metabolic benefits associated with reduced pre-exercise CHO availability, the post-exercise meal should contain sufficient CHO to restore muscle glycogen to sufficient levels and/or provide the nexessary energy to support post-exercise remodelling process. Having identified the potential detrimental effects of low CHO recovery, the aim of study 3 (Chapter 6) was to examine the role of leucine availability in regulating post-exercise skeletal muscle remodelling processes in recovery from a train-low training session. Here I fed one of two protein types, a collagen (naturally low in leucine) or a whey (naturally high in leucine) protein during a low CHO training session, in a repeated measures design. When considered with study 2, the data from this study suggested that leucine is essential for reactivation of signalling mechanisms involved in protein translation, interestingly while low CHO training appeared to activate components of the system that selectively degrades malfunctional parts of the cell, leucine content had no effect on these processes. When taken together, the novel data presented in this thesis allude to a potential muscle glycogen threshold hypothesis surmising that reduced pre-exercise muscle glycogen may enhance the activation of those pathways regulating mitochondrial biogenesis but also suggest that keeping glycogen (and energy) at critically low levels may impair the regulation if post-exercise remodelling processes. From a practical perspective, data lend support for a potential “fuel for the work required” train-low paradigm in that athletes could strategically reduce CHO availability prior to completing pre-determined training workloads that can be redily performed with reduced CHO availability, thereby inducing a work efficient approach to training. Alternativly, when the goals of the training session are to complete the highest workload possible over more prolonged duration, then adequate CHO should be provided prior to and during the specific training session.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Galvani, Christel Delamarche Paul Medelli Jean. "Effet de l'activité physique et du régime diététique sur une population de grands obèses à court et à long terme." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293704/fr.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Campbell, Caleb W. "Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychologists as Proxy-Agents for Exercise." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10742576.

Full text

Abstract:

The current study is exploratory in nature and is the first to consider Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychologists (SEPP) as proxy-agents for exercise. The primary focus is on three questions: Who would be interested in using a SEPP as a proxy-agent for exercise, do certain factors influence interest, and what specific self-regulatory mental skills are certain people interested in learning from a SEPP?

Two hundred and twenty-eight participants anonymously completed a survey online through Qualtrics. To answer the first question, participants in the age ranges of 18–22 and 23–49 were most interested and participants in the age range of 50 and higher were least interested. Participants who reported making less than $20,000 a year were the most interested, and participants who reported making more than $150,000 were the least interested. Participants who identified as being in the contemplation and action stages of change showed the most interest, whereas participants in the maintenance stage of change showed the least. To answer the second question, self-regulatory efficacy negatively influenced interest, whereas proxy-efficacy positively influenced interest. For the final question, participants were most interested in learning skills to manage their energy, and least interested in help reducing anxiety towards exercise from a SEPP. This study’s findings are important to the growing body of research regarding the best practices to embed long-term commitment to exercise behavior in individuals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Stocks, Ben. "Nutritional regulation of mitochondrial biogenic energy-sensing pathways in skeletal muscle following endurance exercise." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2019. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8701/.

Full text

Abstract:

Endurance exercise improves health partly though improvements in skeletal muscle function. Mitochondrial biogenesis is one of the mechanisms that underpin the positive health benefits of endurance exercise. Endurance-exercise and energy sensitive pathways signal to promote transcriptional processes that initiate the adaptive response. Thus the aim of this thesis was to further understand the regulation of post-exercise signalling within skeletal muscle, with specific focus on the activation of energy-sensitive mitochondrial biogenic signalling pathways. It was demonstrated that muscle-specific knockout of p53 does not impair mitochondrial protein content or enzyme activity within mouse skeletal muscle. In human skeletal muscle, fasting and fasted-exercise augment CREB$^S$$^e$$^r$$^1$$^3$$^3$ and AMPK$^T$$^h$$^r$$^1$$^7$$^2$ phosphorylation, while the mRNA expression of $PDK4$ but not $PPARGC1A$ is also increased in the fasted state. Finally, one week of nicotinamide riboside supplementation did not alter skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and whole-body substrate utilisation at rest or during endurance exercise, while SIRT1 and 3 activity and $PPARGC1A$ mRNA expression at rest and following endurance-exercise are also unaffected by nicotinamide riboside supplementation. Overall, this thesis contributes novel data to the understanding of metabolism and skeletal muscle signalling following endurance exercise and how nutrition and endurance exercise could be integrated to optimise specific adaptations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Uitenbroek, Daan Gerard. "Exercise behaviour." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1995. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/141156163.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Bird, Randy Lee. "The Effect of Post Exercise Nutrition on Anabolic Response to Resistance Exercise." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31585.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: To determine the effect of four postexercise beverages, differing in macronutrient content, on metabolic response to an acute resistance exercise bout.

Methods: Forty male subjects performed five sets of eight repetitions at 80% 1RM for leg press and leg extension, and then consumed one of four postexercise beverages (Placebo, PL: a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage, CE; or one of two milk-based beverages, MILK 1: 1% chocolate milk; MILK 2: a high protein milk beverage). Indicators of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) were assessed before and 1-hr after consuming a postexercise beverage. Muscle protein degradation (MPD) was examined the day before and the day of exercise.

Results: No significant differences were found among groups in MPS. The resistance exercise bout increased the amount of eIF4E-eIF4G by 4.5% 1-hr postexercise (p<0.05) without affecting the amount of eIF4E-4E-BP1. One hour after beverage consumption, serum total amino acid concentration increased for MILK 1 (p=0.003) and MILK 2 (p<0.001) but decreased for CE (p=0.028) and PL (p=0.276). Consumption of MILK 1, MILK 2, and CE significantly increased circulating levels of serum insulin (p<0.001). Serum growth hormone increased 3-fold as a result of the exercise bout but fell to baseline for all groups by 60 min (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The resistance exercise bout was anabolic as shown by the increase in the active eIF4E-eIF4G complex and serum growth hormone. Consumption of MILK 2 led to the most optimal environment for muscle anabolism; however, none of the experimental beverages influenced the measured indicators of muscle protein translation 1-hr after ingestion.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Angus, Caroline. "Near infrared spectroscopy and exercise." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274298.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Alghannam, Abdullah. "Nutrition for post-exercise recovery and training adaptation." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687372.

Full text

Abstract:

The importance of post-exercise recovery nutrition has been well described in recent years leading to its incorporation as an integral part of training regimes in both athletes and active individuals. Muscle glycogen depletion during an initial prolonged exercise bout is a main factor in the onset of fatigue and thus the replenishment of glycogen stores is central for post-exercise recovery. Nevertheless, nutritional recommendations, particularly related to the precise nutrient amount/type to optimise short-term (2-6 h) recovery remain incompletely elucidated. Furthermore, the available nutritional guidelines to maximise muscle glycogen availability within limited recovery are provided under the assumption that similar fatigue mechanisms (i.e. muscle glycogen depletion) are involved during a repeated exercise bout, yet this has never been established. One strategy with the potential to accelerate muscle glycogen resynthesis and/or functional capacity is the co-ingestion of protein with carbohydrate. Notwithstanding this, there is outstanding need to establish the influence of carbohydrate-protein ingestion on recovery from running exercise. Beyond the acute post-exercise period, protein ingestion following exercise is known to increase muscle protein synthesis and thus modulate exercise-induced training adaptation. However, whether post-exercise protein ingestion increases the magnitude of running-based endurance training adaptation has not been determined. The collection of work presented in this thesis provides evidence that the availability of muscle glycogen at the end of recovery determines the capacity for repeated exercise such that muscle glycogen depletion is shown to be a major determinant of fatigue during this bout. Moreover, the present work suggests that energy intake per se and not macronutrient composition (i.e. the addition of protein) determines maximal muscle glycogen resynthesis rate and the capacity for repeated exercise. The final experimental chapter in this thesis also provides some evidence for the potential role of post-exercise protein ingestion in amplifying cardiovascular training adaptation through an increase in plasma albumin content in response to six weeks of prescribed endurance training when compared to an energy-matched carbohydrate supplement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Stanford, Vanessa Anne 1970. "Diet and exercise patterns of males 20-30 years old who exercise regularly." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278629.

Full text

Abstract:

A descriptive study was conducted to explore diet and exercise patterns of 30 males 20-30 years old who exercised regularly. Data was collected from exercise facilities in Pima County using a three day food and physical activity record, a validated exercise attitude questionnaire, a demographic/exercise and health questionnaire, and a modified food frequency questionnaire. The group's breakdown of calories was 58% from carbohydrate, 25% from fat, 15% from protein, and 3% from alcohol. The mean values of the micronutrients measured for the group were 80% or higher compared to the RDAs. The average fruit and vegetable consumption for the group was low with only three servings per day. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans were followed in this population. Ninety percent of participants exercised an hour or more each day and there was no sign of exercise dependence in this population. It was concluded that this population has adequate diet and exercise patterns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ting, Justin William. "The infrastructure of sport and exercise medicine in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43939.

Full text

Abstract:

Currently, the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine (CASEM) is seeking special designation for sport and exercise medicine (SEM) from the College of Family Physicians of Canada. Infrastructure is a key criterion in a medical discipline recognition model. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the infrastructure of Canadian SEM in a quantitative and qualitative manner using a mixed-method study of a cross-sectional survey and focused interviews. The survey study examines the demographics, physician practice profiles, academic presence, research activity and organizational presence of Canadian SEM physicians. The focused interviews examine the promoters and barriers of providing SEM education, providing event coverage and conducting SEM research; and the benefits of SEM organizational bodies to the practice of SEM. The survey response rate was 55%. There is a national distribution of SEM physicians. The majority of respondents act as consultants and dedicate the majority of their practice to SEM. Eighty-six percent of respondents teach SEM and teaching is primarily done in a clinical setting. The post-secondary affiliation of a physician and the population size of where a physician practises predict the amount of time that a physician dedicates to clinical teaching and research. Approximately half of the respondents provide event coverage in a typical week and nearly one-third of respondents had conducted research within the past five years. Various forms of enjoyment are the main promoters for teaching, event coverage and research while lack of financial compensation and time are the main barriers to these activities. Interviewees appreciated SEM organizations for network and educational opportunities and identified many areas for improvement. The current SEM physician demographics, geographic distribution, practice profiles, and support from other health professionals indicate that SEM has sufficient infrastructure to support a focused practice. There is a willingness to teach among SEM physicians; however, there may be a need for stronger SEM curriculum in medical education. The barriers to SEM teaching, event coverage and research will need to be addressed to progress Canadian SEM. Professional SEM organizations are managing SEM physician activities and are viewed as leaders to promote SEM as a profession.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Shields, Christopher. "The application of precision teaching to sport and exercise." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529582.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

orothea, Rachel Dorothea. "Psychosocial perspectives of sport and exercise participation during adolescence." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5732.

Full text

Abstract:

Scientific evidence attests to the health-related benefits of habitual physical activity. Coexisting with this evidence are findings which show that most people do not exercise with sufficient frequency, intensity or duration to accrue the benefits associated with participation. The focus of concern in the current research was on an adolescent population. In this cross-sectional study patterns of sport and exercise participation were related to self and social factors. The survey contained the Physical Self-Perception Profile-PSPP (Fox and Corbin, 1989) used to examine self-perceptions in the physical domain; the Perceived Importance Profile-PIP (Fox and Corbin, 1989) used to investigate the importance of feeling competent in each of the PSPP subdomains; scales especially designed for this research which measured socialisation influences on physical activity; and a scale to measure 'body-constancy', a factor thought to relate to the disruption/inconvenience associated with activity. Altogether, data were collected from 604 young people from ages 11 to 18 years (mean age 13.26, sd 1.48). The results showed a significant downward trend in participation with age, with males more active than females at all ages. However mean levels of participation were above the recommended minimum, suggesting that only the minority were sedentary. Males scored significantly higher than their female counterparts on all self-perception variables, as well as perceiving greater peer support for activity. There was an equal perceived influence from parents, although this declined with age. Further evidence for the validity of the PSPP was obtained from this sample. The results supported the notion that the process of down-rating competence acts to buffer self-esteem, but further work was advocated to validate the PIP with adolescents. Regression analysis showed that physical self-perceptions, perceived importance, peer and parental influence, age and gender all contributed to the prediction of participation. Altogether, 26% (adjusted) of the variability in participation was predicted. The results were discussed in a developmental context, which considered the future for youth sport participation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Shrahili, M. M. "Modelling and optimising the sport and exercise training process." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/33203/.

Full text

Abstract:

In elite sport, the fundamental aim of training is to improve performance in competition. It should develop the abilities of the athletes to achieve the highest level of performance. The fundamental aim of monitoring in training is to determine whether training is appropriate for an athlete and whether training should be modified. Broadly, the purpose is to control the training program of an athlete to ensure that the maximum level of performance by the athlete is reached at a known competition at a known time in the future. In this thesis, we aim to model the training process in cycling in particular. Our purpose is to find a quantitative model that coaches and athletes should follow to optimise training in advance of a major competition. To avoid under and over-training, training should be balanced and should support athletes to develop their capabilities. We develop a statistical model to optimise training. This model is based on the relationship between performance and the accumulation of training. To do this, both training and performance must be measured. We establish a new measure of performance based on the relationship between power output and heart-rate, with the appropriate time lag. The measure of the accumulation of training we use is the Banister model proposed in 1975. Then, we relate our performance measure to the accumulation of training. The parameter values of the Banister model are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. This analysis is done using R statistical packages. Finally, we suggest some points of interest for developing this work in order to optimise a training schedule for an athlete to reach peak performance at a known competition at a given time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gaitanos, Georgios C. "Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7149.

Full text

Abstract:

Many daily activities and sporting events require an individual to perform brief periods of maximal exercise (i.e. < 10s) interrupted by limited periods of recovery. In the first study an intermittent maximal exercise test was used to examine the decline in power output with successive exercise periods and identify the changes in the metabolic environment associated with such exercise. The exercise protocol consisted of ten 6s maximal sprints with 30s recovery between each sprint on a cycle ergometer. The results suggest that phosphocreatine (PCr) and anaerobic glycolysis provided the majority of the energy to sustain an average power output (MPO) of 870.1 ±159.2W in the first sprint. In the final sprint, however, no change in lactate concentration was apparent, yet the average power output was still 73% of that in the initial sprint. It was suggested that the energy was derived from PCr degradation and oxidative metabolism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Jones, Charles W. "Sociology in Sport." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3961.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Winter, Patricia. "Reading the exercise video : analysis of video exercise in relation to critical debates within feminist, media and cultural theory." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270378.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Bazyler, Caleb D., and C. Bellon. "Unilateral Versus Bilateral Training for Sport Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3847.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Armbrust, Kirsten. "Social worker burnout : the effects of exercise and nutrition." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99160.

Full text

Abstract:

This study explores the role of exercise and nutrition in burnout rates of social workers. Through convenience and snowball sampling 100 workers were asked to complete a questionnaire, with 82 returned. Burnout was assessed on three subscales, Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP) and Personal Accomplishment (PA), using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The exercise questions were adapted from Canada's Physical Activity Guide of Healthy Living. The nutrition questions were adapted from Healthy Eating Worksheet from the Canadian Cancer Society. Those employed in child welfare had significantly higher levels of EE and DP and significantly lower levels of PA. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that higher exercise scores were significantly related to lower levels of EE. Higher nutrition scores were significantly related to lower levels of EE, and DP, and higher levels of PA. These effects were found even when setting was controlled for.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Breen, Leigh. "Influence of protein nutrition and exercise on muscle metabolism." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1549/.

Full text

Abstract:

At present, there is no clear consensus as to whether protein feeding harnesses any ergogenic benefit for endurance athletes. In this thesis demonstrate no effect of protein on endurance performance. Furthermore, data presented herein indicates that protein co-ingestion does not enhance recovery 24 hours after exercise. Consequently, there is currently no basis on which to recommend protein feeding for endurance performance and recovery. Nutrient strategies implemented after exercise can markedly alter the acute response of muscle protein synthesis and, potentially, long-term phenotypic adaptation. Protein nutrition has traditionally been considered in the context of resistance exercise. Endurance exercise followed by protein ingestion increases the synthesis of mixed muscle protein via increased mRNA translation. Herein, we demonstrate that protein feeding after endurance exercise elevates the synthetic rate of contractile proteins and specific mRNA signalling intermediates. Insulin resistance that precedes Type II diabetes is characterized by blunted sensitivity of the pancreas to glucose and impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Lifestyle interventions including nutrient and exercise have the potential to improve glycemic control. The final experimental chapter in this thesis provides mechanistic evidence to support the benefits of resistance exercise for lowering post-prandial glucose concentrations. Interestingly, protein ingestion did not augment the glucose-lowering effects of prior resistance exercise.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Stone, Michael H. "What is Sport Science?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4578.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Stone, Michael H. "What Is Sport Science." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4536.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Stone, Michael H. "What Is Sport Science?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4543.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ramsey, Michael W. "Sport Performance Enhancement Groups: Monitoring Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4108.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lowry, R. G. "Modelling adolescent participation in sport and exercise : a multivariate approach." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269152.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Addison, Tamsin. "The perception and appraisal of pain in sport and exercise." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252312.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sport and exercise nutrition'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles