Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spool Piece

Academic literature on the topic 'Spool Piece'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spool Piece"

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Monni, G., M. De Salve, and B. Panella. "A new Spool Piece for horizontal two-phase flow measurement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 501 (April 10, 2014): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/501/1/012011.

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Li, Lin, Carlos Parra, Xinying Zhu, and Muk Chen Ong. "Splash zone lowering analysis of a large subsea spool piece." Marine Structures 70 (March 2020): 102664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2019.102664.

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Nal, F., and A. Brümmer. "Pulsating flow velocity profile measurement at an acoustically reflecting and non-reflecting open pipe end using laser doppler anemometry (LDA)." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1267, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1267/1/012018.

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Depending on the geometry and operating condition, occasionally strong and destructive acoustic resonances occur in the pipe spool piece between the high-pressure discharge of screw compressors and the connected pulsation damper/silencer inlet. To avoid these resonances, the use of a nozzle with defined cross-section reduction is investigated. By designing the contraction ratio as a function of the nozzle inlet Mach number, a non-reflecting termination/transition can be provided. For a defined operating point, acoustic reflection from the nozzle can be avoided in this way, thus preventing the acoustic resonance in the spool piece. Within this paper the pulsating flow field directly downstream an acoustically reflecting open pipe end is investigated using laser doppler anemometry (LDA) at the air test rig at the Chair of Fluidics at TU Dortmund University. In the modified experimental setup an operating point-specific designed nozzle is installed at the open pipe end to create a non-reflecting termination. By means of LDA measurements, the velocity profile is determined experimentally at the nozzle outlet for the designed operating condition. The 2D measurement results (radius dependant velocity and phase distribution) extend established 1D decomposition of pressure measurement signals into upstream and downstream travelling waves and allow a deeper understanding of the acoustic behaviour of non-reflecting nozzles.
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Periasamy, R., D. Ensor, A. Clayton, R. Donovan, and J. Riddle. "Particle Emissions from Gas Handling Components Measured According to the SEMATECH Test Methods." Journal of the IEST 38, no. 1 (January 31, 1995): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.38.1.k7v376761500n082.

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Particle emission rates measured from ultra-high purity, cleanroom gas handling components following the test procedures specified in the SEMATECH test methods are described. A condensation nucleus particle counter (CNC) having a counting efficiency of 50 percent at 0.02 μm in diameter was used to measure the total particle contribution from the gas handling components. A spool piece was inserted to measure the baseline particle concentration of the test stand before the measurement of the test component was carried out. Eighteen test samples, six each from three suppliers (two domestic and one foreign), in each type of gas handling components (valves, point-of-use filters, pressure regulators), were tested using the revised test method. Particle contribution data obtained for fresh out-of-the-bag, stainless steel (SS) test samples, 1/4-in. in OD, from different manufacturers are summarized in this paper.
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Greenwood, Margaret S., and Judith A. Bamberger. "Self-Calibrating Sensor for Measuring Density Through Stainless Steel Pipeline Wall." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1677462.

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An ultrasonic instrument to measure the density of a liquid or slurry through a stainless steel pipeline wall is described. By using multiple reflections of the ultrasound within the stainless steel wall, the acoustic impedance (defined as the product of the density of the liquid and the velocity of sound in the liquid) is determined. Thus, the wall is part of the measurement system. The density is obtained by coupling the acoustic impedance measurement with a velocity of sound measurement. By basing the measurement on multiple reflections, instrument sensitivity is increased by the power of the reflection coefficient. The measurement method is self-calibrating because the measurement of the acoustic impedance is independent of changes in the pulser voltage. Data are presented over a range of pulser voltages for two wall thicknesses. These results can be applied to develop an ultrasonic sensor that (1) can be attached permanently to a pipeline wall, possibly as a spool piece inserted into the line or (2) can clamp onto an existing pipeline wall and be movable to another location. The self-calibrating feature is very important because the signal strength is sensitive to the pressure on the clamp-on sensor. A sensor for immersion into a tank could also be developed.
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Kakushkin, N. "L. M. Tsvibak. - To treat the delay of the placenta during miscarriages. (Prot. Imperial. Caucasian. Med. Society., 1895, February 16)." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 9, no. 7-8 (October 22, 2020): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd97-8658-659.

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Three cases are described: 1) Multiparous, 28 years old. A miscarriage at 4 months of pregnancy, with inflammation of the lung, after a shaking edema. After labor, I was separated the next day. A small piece of it could not be separated by fingers or a spoon; he stood out when the uterus was washed on the 5th day. When endometritis occurs, death is on day 20.
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Shilikhina, Ksenia M. "Humour and intertextuality in online spoof news." European Journal of Humour Research 8, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.3.shilikhina.

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The paper discusses spoof news as a parody of the traditional genre of news and the role of intertextual references in the creation of the intended humorous or satirical effect. The study is based on the texts published by various online sources specialising in the production and spreading of spoof news. On the surface, the main aim of such non-bona fide pieces of news is not to misinform the readers, but rather to entertain them. However, along with entertainment, these texts also convey serious social implications. They implicitly undermine social norms and values and existing stereotypes about social roles and patterns of behaviour. The non-bona fide mode of such news can be signalled by a variety of intertextual references, e.g., fictional quotations, allusions to well-known texts, events or realia. The aim of the study is to demonstrate how these intertextual references create satirical effect and convey social criticism.
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Popovic, Petar, and Ivan Vranic. "The textile industry at Krsevica (Southeast Serbia) in the fourth-third centuries B.C." Starinar, no. 56 (2006): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta0656309p.

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The site of Kale at Krsevica, with significant remains of a settlement dating to the late Classical and early Hellenistic periods, has yielded, in addition to other finds, more than a thousand loom weights, spindle whorls and spools of which 1038 pieces are typologically classified. This material provides evidence for the craft of weaving in the settlement in the fourth and early third centuries B.C.
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Sazak, Hilal, Ulku Yazici, Mahmut Gulgosteren, Guler Topcuoglu, Serdar Ozkan, and Eser Savkilioglu. "Iatrogenic aspiration of a large piece of a wooden spoon in a 14-year-old epilepsy patient." Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 17, no. 4 (2011): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tjtes.2011.04378.

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Chatterjee, S., Sanjay Panwar, and K. Madhusoodanan. "Qualification of In-situ Property Measurement System Using Heat Treated Spool Pieces of Zr 2.5 wt% Nb Pressure Tube." Procedia Engineering 86 (2014): 892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.111.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spool Piece"

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MONNI, GRAZIA. "Special Instrumentation for Two-Phase Flow." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2555139.

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The design of engineering systems, involving two-phase flow, such as nuclear water reactors, requires the ability to model and predict the detailed behavior of those flows and the phenomena that they manifest, with a required degree of accuracy. In the past a significant amount of effort has been addressed to the development of intrusive and nonintrusive measurement techniques of two-phase flows, with special application to the determination of mass flow rates. Many extensive experiments are being performed to investigate in detail loss of coolant accidents (LOCA). During these experiments the coolant is released as a two-phase mixture through a simulated break of a coolant pipe, and the measurement of the mass flow rate of the two phases was required to analyze the accident evolution and consequences. In this context, most flow meters have been designed to measure the single-phase flow of a Newtonian fluid, and then used to measure quantities in more complex fluids. The key to fundamental understanding of two-phase flow is still the careful development of specialized instrumentation, in particular for special and complex geometrical applications. Within the framework of an Italian R&D program on Nuclear Fission, supported by the Ministry of Economic Development, the SPES3 experimental facility, able to simulate the innovative small and medium size PWR nuclear reactors, is being built and will be operated at SIET Company laboratories. In such facility some design and beyond design basis accidents, like LOCAs, with and without the emergency heat removal systems, will be simulated. In most accident simulations, a two-phase flow mixture will occur in the lines, during the transient evolution, due to the simulated strong depressurization of the system. An accurate accident analysis requires the measurement of the mixture mass flow rate and for this reason, instruments and methodologies to evaluate different two-phase flow parameters need to be developed. Typically a set of instruments (Spool Piece - SP) must be installed in order to evaluate the mass flow rate of the phases in a large range of flow patterns, pressures and temperatures. An ideal SP is a control volume constituted by different measurement instruments, fed with a two-phase flow. In single-phase flow, each instrument is able to measure a well defined flow parameter, while the instrument signal interpretation, in two-phase flow, is not easy due to the different flow patterns and the to the large number of parameters that influence the flow, so that a model of the SP, depending on the geometry and on the SP orientation, is required. Moreover the selection of the instruments strongly depends on the experimental conditions: pressure, temperature and phases velocities. The thesis work consists in the development of special instrumentation and in the development of models, based on the analysis of experimental data, that are able to interpret the measurement signals for many possible two-phase conditions. The two different measurement fields, internal flow structure investigation and instrument modeling for phases mass flow rate reconstruction purposes, have been analyzed. In the first field the instrumentation must be able to characterize momentum, mass, energy balance with a resolution sufficient to investigate local phenomena and characteristic structure (interface evolution, void profiles, liquid film level, characteristic frequencies, etc..). The investigation of an horizontal two-phase flow has been performed by means of a Wire Mesh Sensor. Local, chordal, cross-section void fraction values are derived from the sensor data in a wide range of phases superficial velocities, and a new signal methodology, able to characterize the flow in terms of phases distribution (flow patterns) and time evolution, has been developed. Moreover the methodology allows the extraction of important flow information, such as the local and time average void fraction, the interface evolution, and characteristic frequencies. The evolution of the void fraction profiles has been related to the superficial velocity of the two-phases (Jg and Jl) and the flow evolution in time and space has been analyzed and discussed, showing that such methodology is useful to identify and characterize in detail the two-phase flow. Concerning the second measurement field, the analysis of the instruments used for two-phase flow measurement applications has been described. This bibliographic research allowed the definition of the candidate instruments suitable to be installed in a nuclear safety experimental facility, and their measurement characteristics. The selection of the candidate instruments has been made defining some fundamental criteria that should be satisfied: range of measurement, dynamic response, installation requirements, materials/electrical compatibility with pressure and temperature conditions, flow velocity compatibility. The selected instruments have been experimentally studied in different pipe configurations, and different models have been developed for each one. Different instrument combinations have been tested, and the performance of each one has been analyzed in terms of estimation of the mass flow rate of the two phases. The performed research allows the identification of the advantage and drawbacks of the different instrument combinations, and the identification of the phases mass flow rate measurement accuracy achievable for each SP configuration.
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Books on the topic "Spool Piece"

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Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research, ed. Study of hydride blisters grown on Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube spool piece under simulated condition of in-reactor pressure and temperature. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spool Piece"

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Clark, D., K. Costin, D. Hutton, R. McConeghy, A. Scheidemantle, and R. Smellie. "SSC Spool Piece Design." In Supercollider 3, 203–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3746-5_18.

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Marcus, J., J. Wollan, J. Cox, R. Riney, R. Johns, E. Rodriguez, D. Audi, et al. "Design and Development of the SSC Collider Spool Piece." In Supercollider 5, 427–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2439-7_102.

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Cruse, Greg, and Gülperi Aksel. "Design and Analysis of the Collider Spxa/Spra Spool Piece Vacuum Barrier." In Supercollider 5, 423–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2439-7_101.

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Rodriguez, E., and J. Everton. "Simulation as A Tool for Planning The SSC Collider Spool Piece Production." In Supercollider 5, 551–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2439-7_128.

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Kountanis, Bill, and Lou Kalny. "Development of Hermetic Electrical Connectors for SSC Spool Pieces." In Supercollider 5, 419–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2439-7_100.

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Baker, E. J., C. Rista, and G. E. Mcintosh. "Development of an Ultra Low Heat Leak Cryogenic Valve for the SSC Tunnel Spool Pieces." In Supercollider 4, 643–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_79.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spool Piece"

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Juluri, Naresh, Elie Dib, Sherif el-Gebaly, and Philip Cooper. "Reliability Based Deep Water Spool Piece Design." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10010.

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Long spools are often required to absorb the end expansion of deep water high pressure and high temperature flowlines. These spools typically have significant metrology and fabrication tolerances. Metrology and spool fabrication tolerances lead to misalignments at the connector hub face. Residual loads then arise from spool deformation due to the installation forces that are required to match-up the connector faces. It is a current industry practice to design the spools for multiple independent tolerances at extreme limits in all directions. Previous project experience shows that the Algebraic Sum (AS) combination of multiple independent tolerances at extreme limits may result in large spools where the probability of occurrence of these tolerances at extreme limits is quite low. The use of less conservative SRSS (square root of sum of squares) combination has been suggested in this paper as an alternative to the Algebraic Sum combination. Due to the large number of misalignment components, the probability of exceeding the loads in the spool and at the connector obtained by the SRSS method is small and is within the applicable failure probabilities defined in DNV-OS-F101. The SRSS method is demonstrated in this paper by using a Monte Carlo simulation. Five different spools have been analysed to demonstrate the suitability of using SRSS misalignments when the spools are designed to DNV-OS-F101. The spools considered include 10″, 16″ and 20″ outside diameter spools to represent different sizes at different loading combinations. Maximum bending moments in the spool and maximum moments at the connector have been considered to check the SRSS feasibility. The results indicate that it is acceptable to use SRSS misalignments as an alternative to AS misalignments. Considering SRSS misalignments in preference to AS leads to reduced spool size and reduced loadings on connectors.
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Reinholdtsen, Svein-Arne, Peter Christian Sandvik, and Tor David Hanson. "Offshore Installation of Spool Pieces." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28028.

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This article presents a numerical model for dynamic analysis of an offshore installation of a spool piece. A spool piece is a pipe element used for connection between a pre-laid pipeline and a structure on the seabed. It is often designed with several knees, to accommodate thermal expansion. The spool piece can be lowered through the splash zone with a close to horizontal orientation, or it can be tilted during the splash zone crossing, to control the flooding and to reduce the wave loads. The spool piece is modelled as several interconnected stiff segments, which can have any orientation. The calculated forces include the distributed weight and buoyancy, and also hydrodynamic loads from regular or irregular waves, either if the segment is fully submerged or partly out of water. Concentrated masses, representing connectors, may be included in the spool piece model. The model is demonstrated through a few selected examples including comparisons with field observations. The calculated maximum forces, which will be used for deriving operation limits, are compared to results from simpler and currently used methods of analysis.
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Klebaner, A. L. "Single-phase helium recooling in a Tevatron spool piece." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference - CEC. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472175.

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Dick, Adam, and Peter Diamond. "Redesigning the Auxiliary Power Unit Bleed Air Venturi." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68343.

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This paper examines the analysis of re-designing the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) bleed air spool piece used on the Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC). The APU supplies bleed air for main engine (ME) starting, anti-icing of the propeller shrouds during cold weather conditions and anti-icing of the filtration system that supplies both ME compartment cooling air and the APU gas turbine combustion air. An air-blast cockpit windshield cleaning system is also powered by APU bleed air. A spool piece is a venturi whose function is to limit a specific amount of airflow as it passes through a system. The current spool piece venturi dimensions allow an excess in APU bleed air to on-craft components, resulting in an exhaust gas temperature (EGT) over-temp in the gas turbine power producer. Such operating conditions occur during cold weather testing, when port and starboard propeller shroud anti-ice systems and APU combustion air/main engine compartment cooling air anti-ice systems are operating. In order to rectify this issue, a model analysis was created, determining the proper dimension of the spool piece venturi. Because spool piece venturies have been implemented fleet wide, it was a priority to reduce fabrication expenses of new materials. To best achieve this, the analysis will determine the size of a plain venturi that can be installed within the existing spool pieces. Referring to engine specifications, APU bleed air was limited to a certain flow rate. However, anti-ice components also required a specific mass flow rate in order to operate properly. It is within these boundaries that the proper diameter of the venturi was determined. This issue further expands upon the analysis of thermal testing, inlet and outlet pressures and the mass flow rate of the new venturi dimension.
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Vilayanur, Suresh R., and John Battaglioli. "Improvements to an Air Bypass System on a Kawasaki M1A-13X Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53912.

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A new bypass system using an improved design has been fabricated and tested on a Kawasaki M1A-13X gas turbine engine. The engine and catalytic combustor are currently installed at the City of Santa Clara’s Silicon Valley Power municipal electrical generating stations and connected to the utility grid. The use of a bypass system with a catalytic combustor, incorporating the Xonon Cool Combustion™ technology, on an M1A-13X system increases the low emissions load turndown and ambient operating range without impacting engine efficiency. The increased operating range is achieved because the bypass system provides the required adiabatic combustion temperature (Tad) in the combustor’s post-catalyst burn out zone without changing the turbine inlet temperature. A detailed measurement of the pressure drops, in the old bypass system, revealed that there were large flow losses present, particularly in the re-injection spool piece and the extraction plenum. Since it was determined that the spool had the highest pressure loss, this was the component targeted for improvement. The analysis coupled with detailed measurements on the reinjection piece revealed that the effective area actually varied with flow As the flow changed, so did the flow mechanics inside and exiting the spool piece. Therefore, in order to achieve the design target, the flow area of the spool piece had to be optimized at the predicted capacity flow rate. CFD analysis of the spool piece revealed the regions of losses in the re-injection piece. This analysis along with a one-dimensional flow analysis of the entire system enabled the design of new spool re-injection piece. Once the design was completed, the new bypass system was fabricated and tested. Bypass flow capacity was increased by about 22%. This was achieved by alleviating regions of flow losses and also by using a new “scoop” design for the bypass reinjection tubes. As expected, engine turndown capacity and ambient operating range were improved with the new design.
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Wang, Facheng, Ming Gao, Jun Wang, Yigong Zhang, Xu Jia, and Jun Huang. "Design Challenge of Rigid Riser-Spool Piece Against HTHP Induced Expansion in Pipe-in-Pipe Systems." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23351.

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Developments of oil and gas reservoirs in Bohai Sea, South China Sea etc., are presently accelerated, to cope with the significant increase in energy demand from the mainland, China. In recent developments in Bohai Sea, fluid temperature and pressure have been found dramatically being increased up to 100 °C and 20 MPa respectively. The fact that High Temperature and High Pressure (HTHP) in Bohai area brings design challenges, especially to jacket risers and spool pieces. Pipe-in-Pipe (PIP) flowline systems have been widely employed in this region and are continuously being considered for further developments. This is due to its significant thermal insulation capacity to deal with the High Temperature and High Pressure (HTHP) issue. To cope with the challenges induced by HPHT and structural complexity of PIP, COTEC Offshore Engineering Solutions, together with its mother company, China Offshore Oil Engineering Company, have developed a approach by using ABAQUS and AutoPIPE. This paper describes the relevant experience obtained during one development in Bohai Sea, BZ34-2/4 project containing dozens of risers and spool pieces. Two main parts are presented. Firstly, a beam-element based expansion calculation model adopting ABAQUS has been developed to achieve accurate HPHT induced expansions. The structural behavior of PIP can be represented in the developed model, meanwhile with minimum increase in modeling complexity. Secondly, practical and extensive parametric studies have been carried on the riser and spool flexibility against HPHT induced expansions. Since Bohai Sea has been developed extensively, many risers are post-installed and the existing of restriction areas practically enlarges the difficulties of anchor clamp and spool arrangements. Key parameters of these arrangements, such as Z/L shape, the length between two bends, the combinations of bend angles, the length of protection pipe on the riser etc. have been comprehensively investigated. “Gold” rules for rigid riser accessories arrangements and spool piece layout have been suggested accordingly.
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Kobayashi, Hiroyuki, Kimihito Takeuchi, Shohei Nakama, Masayuki Mukai, and Takahiro Ohta. "PWSCC Experience of Pressurizer Dissimilar Metal Welds at Tsuruga Unit-2." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49474.

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During the 13th refuel outage in September 2003, the small boric acid deposit was observed at one dissimilar weld joint between Relief Valve Nozzle and Safe End of Pressurizer in Tsuruga unit 2. The other four indications were also observed at the weld joint by non-destructive examination. Similar indications were also observed at Safety Valve Nozzle. Both Nozzles were under the steam condition at 345°C. As the first root cause investigation, the visual observation after etching was conducted at these weld joint on site. The observation revealed the repair weld print. Both weld joints with cracks were taken to conduct some investigations such as metallographic examination of fracture surface at hot laboratory. Hot laboratory examination results revealed that all cracks were extended axially in the Ni base metal weld joint, and there was no evidence of any cracks extending into the low alloy steel Nozzle and stainless steel Safe end. All cracks were interdendritic and branched. Metallographic examination results revealed that the crack growth mainly was caused by interdendritic stress corrosion cracking (IDSCC). These Nozzles including the weld joint with indications were repaired by jointing the spool piece as new Safe ends. The repair process includes the weld buttering on the low alloy steel Nozzle and joint welding between Nozzle and the spool piece. These welding were conducted by GTAW using alloy 52. It took twenty days to complete the repair works.
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Bamberger, Judith Ann, and Margaret S. Greenwood. "Non-Invasive Ultrasonic Interrogation of Dense Slurries." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56885.

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Staff at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed a compact, non-invasive, ultrasonic interrogation technique to characterize fluid or dense slurry during pipeline transport or in process vessels during mixing or settling. The ultrasonic transducers are mounted directly on the outside of the process container or pipe spool piece so the pipe or vessel wall becomes part of the measurement system. The transducers are pulsed to measure the density, speed of sound, and attenuation of the signal which penetrates the pipe wall and through the slurry. These signals are analyzed to determine fluid density, solids concentration, and track changes in particle size. Analysis of multiple signal reflections provides increased measurement sensitivity.
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Bamberger, Judith A., and Margaret S. Greenwood. "Evolution of a Non-Invasive Sensor for Fluid Density and Solids Concentration Measurement Using Ultrasound." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45590.

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This paper describes the evolution of an ultrasonic sensor to non-invasively measure slurry density and solids concentration. Three generations of probe are discussed: 1) density sensor, 2) densimeter, and 3) fluid and solids monitor. The initial application was to measure slurry density during radioactive waste transport. The probe uses ultrasonic signal reflection at the fluid-pipe wall interface to quantify density in situ in real time and signal attenuation to evaluate solid concentration. In the latest configuration, the transducers are mounted on the wall of the pipe spool piece. This instrument was selected for monitoring radioactive waste transport based on several characteristic features: the sensing surface is non-intrusive and does not disrupt the slurry flow, instrument performance is not affected by slight amounts of entrained air that could be present during waste retrieval and transfer; nor is it affected by electromagnetic noise from nearby pumps and other equipment; and the instrument is compact. The densimeter has been deployed at Hanford tank SY-101 in the prefabricated pump pit process manifold to monitor slurry properties during radioactive waste transfers. To qualify densimeter performance prior to manifold installation in the radioactive pipeline, the probe was installed in the process manifold and performance was evaluated during tests using non-radioactive waste simulants over the density range from 1000 to 1500 kg/m3. The probe predicted density within ± 2%. The sensor is installed in a nominal 5-cm-diameter (2-in.) pipe spool piece; the design pressure is 2.8 MPa (400 psi). To ensure operability during prolonged contact with radioactive waste, the probe wedge in contact with the slurry was selected to operate up to pH 14, and the probe components were radiation tested at exposures of 1×106 R.
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Chen, Q., L. Q. Wang, H. K. Chia, and Andrew Ngiam. "Thermal Expansion Analysis of Pipe-in-Pipe System Having Multiple Bulkheads." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80156.

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This paper presents an analytical mathematical model for the thermal expansion analysis of pipe-in-pipe systems with multiple bulkheads. This analytical method is extended to study the effects on thermal expansion of multiple bulkheads for given internal installation temperature, operating temperature, tie-in spool piece arrangement, pipe submerged weight, seabed friction, pipe cross sectional area, pressure and axial stiffness of the pipes. The advantage of this method is that it yields purely analytical solution and that the analysis results provide the interaction forces in any cross section of the pipe-in-pipe system as well as the stresses and strains in both the inner and outer pipes, which provide enough information to optimize the pipe-in-pipe system design, especially at the bulkhead location. The examples illustrated in the paper show that with the application of multiple bulkheads in the pipe-in-pipe system, the interaction forces between bulkheads and pipes can be reduced, which allow less onerous bulkhead design.
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Reports on the topic "Spool Piece"

1

Klebaner, A. L. Single-phase helium recooling in a Tevatron spool piece. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750413.

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2

Clark, D., and D. Strube. HEB spool pieces design description. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10147405.

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