Journal articles: 'Spontaneous prose'

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Honeybun-Arnolda, Elliot. "The promise and practice of spontaneous prose." cultural geographies 26, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474018811664.

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Thornton, Nancy E., Elaine Morton Bohlmeyer, Lou Ann Dickson, and Raymond W. Kulhavy. "Spontaneous and Imposed Study Tactics in Learning Prose." Journal of Experimental Education 58, no. 2 (January 1990): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1990.10806528.

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Lushnikova, G. I., and T. Yu Osadchaya. "The Main Tendencies of Spontaneous Prose in the Stories of John McGregor." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-9-250-264.

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The principles and techniques of spontaneous prose in the stories of the modern English writer J. McGregor are considered. The novelty of the research is determined by the insufficient study of the specifics of spontaneous prose in modern literature in general and the principles of spontaneity in the stories of J. McGregor, in particular. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the new narrative forms that take place in the works of modern literature require close study, the development of special decoding methods. It is shown that spontaneous prose provides the writer with an opportunity for various kinds of experiments that relate to both the form of the narrative and the content of the work. It is concluded that the main tendencies of spontaneity, which are realized in the stories of J. McGregor, are the following elements: polyphony, the presence of a second implicit narrative plan, imitation of the stream of consciousness in the external and internal speech of characters, creation of sketch images of heroes, description of events in the form of sketches, a narrative collage technique reminiscent of a series of snapshots or still frames. It is proved that all of the above techniques provoke many implications, give rise to various associations and are aimed at involving the reader in the process of interpreting the work, his active co-creation.

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Wingfield, Karen A. Kemtes, Lisa So, Arthur. "Adult Aging and Listening Patterns for Spoken Prose: Spontaneous Segmentation Versus Self-Paced Listening." Experimental Aging Research 27, no. 3 (July 2, 2001): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/036107301300208673.

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Bugnone, Luca. "Elska // Elska." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 5, no. 2 (September 28, 2014): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2014.5.2.620.

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This prose is a love letter to Iceland: female body, metaphysical land, and lover. It is both a comparison and a reflection: a comparison between the Norths I experienced, the subarctic North of Iceland and the Mediterranean North of the Alps; and a reflection about two different worlds, old and new, human and more-than-human. Conceived initially as an article, this piece of writing has rapidly assumed a more spontaneous, prismatic and almost anarchist identity, landing to a stylistic method very close to narrative scholarship.Resumen Esta prosa es una carta de amor a Islandia cuerpo femenino, tierra metafísica y amante. Es tanto una comparación como una reflexión: una comparación entre los nortes que he experimentado, el norte subártico de Islandia y el norte mediterráneo de los Alpes; y una reflexión sobre dos mundos diferentes, viejo y nuevo, humano y más-que-humano. Incialmente concebida como un artíclo, esta obra asumió rápidamente una identidad más espontánea, prismática y casi anarquista, desembocando en un método estilístico muy próximo a la narrativa académica.

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Chrobak, Małgorzata. "Wielka Kołomyja. Wokół ludyczności w wybranych powieściach Edmunda Niziurskiego." Paidia i Literatura, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pil.2019.01.04.

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The author of the paper explores two dichotomous phenomena — boredom and entertainment — in Polish prose for children from the period of PRL, basing on the adventure novels written by Edmund Niziurski in the 1960s: Awanturza w Niekłaju (1962) and Siódme wtajemniczenie (1969). Both notions are discussed from the perspective of ethnography, anthropology, and the history of childhood. Referring to Roger Caillois’s concepts of play and games, the researcher analyses the images of transformation of entertainment behaviours as presented by young characters from Niziurski’s novels, and links between the text and social and political reality in Poland of the 1960s. Her findings indicate that, in his writing of this period, Niziurski both withdrew from socrealistic poetics and abandoned the ideological, persuasive function of entertainment for the sake of uninhibited, spontaneous children’s games and play.

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Lazukhina, Lyubov V., and Olga G. Sidorova. "Universality and Linguistic Specificity of Primary Interjections in Russian, English and Kazakh Languages (on the Material of Prose and Dramaturgy)." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-4-67-76.

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Primary interjections consist of a group of prototypical units, which are associated with reflex cries by their origin, have an oral form called a vocal gesture, and written, conventional ones, with national characteristics. Analysis of similar features in pronunciation, spelling and semantics of prototypical units and linguistic differences of other units reveals universal characteristics of a limited number of prototypical interjections and linguistic specifity of the majority of primary interjections. Examples drawn from English, Russian and Kazakh languages demonstrate the ability of primary interjections to express the ambivalence of feelings and emotions. The article focuses on distinguishing instinctive and discursive categories of primary interjections concentrating on the mode of their production and purpose of use. The first category includes addressless exclamations that express a reaction to what is happening, as well as relevant feelings and emotions. The second group includes units that are explicitly or implicitly intended for the addressee of speech, which are used for communicative purposes. In contrast to instinctive interjections expressing spontaneous feelings and reactions, discursive units may reflect unreal emotions that the interlocutor expects to be demonstrated. In a pragmatic aspect, the use of primary interjections is considered to convey an ironic attitude to the subject of speech. The article provides an overview of language units that formally resemble primary interjections and make their identification difficult.

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Müller, Katharina B. "Code-switching in Italo-Brazilian literature from Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo: A sociolinguistic analysis of the forms and functions of literary code-switching." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947015585228.

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Italo-Brazilian prose texts from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, written from the 1920s until today, either in Brazilian Portuguese with Italian code-switches, or in the Venetian koiné spoken by the Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, sometimes switching to Portuguese, are an early, but so far largely neglected example of literary code-switching representing the multilingual immigrants’ communities. In a sociolinguistic analysis of these texts I will argue that the conversational functions of literary code-switching, especially in reported speech, are comparable to those found in spontaneous utterances, if considered in a continuum between conceptually oral and conceptually written language ( Koch and Oesterreicher, 1985 ). On the micro-level the stylistic function of code-switching plays a more prominent role in literature than in other genres, but on the macro level this kind of code-switching can also be regarded as a response to bilingual identity. In this respect, literary code-switching is used as an approximation strategy between the two closely related contact languages that gives the minority language prestige and thus contributes to its preservation.

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Sutter, Judith C. L., and Cynthia J. Johnson. "Advanced Verb Form Production in Story Retelling." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 5 (October 1995): 1067–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3805.1067.

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This study investigated the rate at which 60 elementary school children produced three advanced verb forms—past progressive, past perfect progressive, and past perfect—when asked to retell literate narratives, a discourse genre that originates from written prose and frequently contains these advanced verb forms. The three verb forms were embedded in nine story episodes and told to the children. The children were then asked to retell the stories. Verb form production by the children was scored as either “borrowed” or substituted spontaneous production. During their story-retelling episodes, the 6-, 7-, and 8-year-old children borrowed all verb forms under investigation from the stimuli stories. They significantly preferred to borrow the past progressive over the past perfect progressive and past perfect forms. Rate of verb form production by 8-year-old children was significantly higher than for the younger age groups. These data suggest that advanced verb form production is influenced by the children’s sensitivity to the type of narrative register (i.e., 1 st or 3rd person perspective), the propositional ability associated with narrative development, and the progressive meaning of the -ing suffix.

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Chervaneva, Victoria A. "FOLK TEXT IN DIALOGIC MODE: ON THE STATUS OF THE LANGUAGE OF FOLKLORE." Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics 3, no. 2 (2020): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-2-72-87.

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The status of the language of folklore is a theoretical problem of Folklore Studies that has a long history, but it has become even more relevant recently due to the expansion of the Folklore Studies research field. Traditionally, characteristic features of the language of folklore were defined in relation to dialect and literary language, and the researchers supposed that the language of folklore is supradialectical phenomenon, like the literary language of dialect speakers. However, observations of linguistic organization of oral prose with a focus on reliability (mythological stories, etc.) show that these theoretical approaches are not applicable to such texts. The language of these texts is the colloquial (dialect, vernacular, or literary) speech existing in a dialogic mode and possessing all the structural features of spontaneous colloquial speech. The article suggests to distinguish between “the language of folklore” and “the language of folk tradition”, that is, the language of the genres of traditional folklore (songs, epics, fairy tales, etc.) – structurally ordered, “polished” by numeroius repetitions in the process of transmission, with a clearly expressed aesthetic function, and the language of everyday communication in which texts expressing traditional knowledge emerge and exist.

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Bhatta, Panduranga Charanbailu. "Literary Creation: Insights from Sanskrit Literary Critics." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p261-268.

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All aspects of literary creation, from creation to expression, have been recorded with perceptive insights and in minute detail by the renowned Sanskrit literary critics. The main topics dealt with by these critics are: the definition and classification of literary creation, viz., poetry, prose, drama etc; the figures of speech (alamkaras), the sentiments (rasas), literary merits and defects (gunas and doshas), style (ritis), and purpose (prayojana). They discuss important ingredients of literary creation such as creative talent (pratibha), erudition (vyutpatti) and practice (abhyasa), the problem of coincidence (samvada), inexhaustible resources, etc. A great literary creation is one that has great imageries, natural descriptions, exquisite miniatures, precious maxims and keen observations of men and matter, besides revealing deep understanding of human character. It exhibits precise phrasing, proportion and restraint, delicacy, sensitiveness, and above all, a profound suggestiveness. Sanskrit literary critics’ views on the relative importance of word and sense in literary creation, their concept of poetry which has spontaneous expression of a deeply felt emotion as its essence, their appeal to make new literary creation, their views on what is essential for literary creation-all these are very valuable contributions towards literary creation. The main purpose of this paper is to help budding literary creators in any language irrespective of time and place by providing new insights.

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Zhang, Qing, and Meifang Wang. "The Development of Spontaneous Trait Inferences: Evidence from Chinese Children." Psychological Reports 112, no. 3 (June 2013): 887–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/21.07.pr0.112.3.887-899.

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Spontaneous trait inferences are trait inferences that are made without intention or conscious awareness on exposure to trait-implying behaviors. Most studies in the area of spontaneous trait inferences have been undertaken with adults, but little attention has been paid to the developmental course. Using a recognition probe paradigm, the current study was performed to examine the development of Chinese children's spontaneous trait inferences, comparing 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, and 12-year-olds. Results indicated that children could infer traits from trait-implying behaviors spontaneously from the age of 8 years. Moreover, the strength of spontaneous trait inferences peaked at age 10 years, and decreased steadily from ages 10 through 12. These results suggest developmental changes in the tendency to engage in spontaneous trait inferences.

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Lee, Jin-Moo, Guihua Zhai, Qingwei Liu, Ernesto R. Gonzales, Kejie Yin, Ping Yan, Chung Y. Hsu, Katie D. Vo, and Weili Lin. "Vascular Permeability Precedes Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats." Stroke 38, no. 12 (December 2007): 3289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.107.491621.

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Wang, Pei, Ai-hua Tao, Fan Gao, and Yi-wen Xie. "The effect of stereotype activation on spontaneous inferences." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7470.

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We adopted the probe recognition paradigm to examine the effect of stereotype activation on spontaneous inferences among Chinese undergraduates (N = 48). First, behavioral sentences involving trait-implying behavior and corresponding situational information were simultaneously presented. We then selected stereotype labels of the actor's behavior that were consistent or inconsistent with the behavior, and which were activated either supraliminally or subliminally. The results showed that whether a stereotype was activated supraliminally or subliminally, the influence on spontaneous inferences was the same. Specifically, when the stereotype was inconsistent with the actor's behavior, spontaneous situational inferences were facilitated, and when the stereotype was consistent with the actor's behavior, spontaneous trait inferences were not facilitated. As Chinese people may be more prone to spontaneous (vs. trait) inferences, this indicates that human inferences are deeply influenced by culture.

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Ifantidou, Elly. "Evidential particles and mind-reading." Pragmatics and Cognition 13, no. 2 (November 7, 2005): 253–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.13.2.03ifa.

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The paper investigates the acquisition of the semantics/pragmatics of two Modern Greek evidential markers taha (‘supposedly’) and dithen (‘as if’, ‘so-called’) and possible correlations with children’s mind-reading abilities. Between (a) an evidential–ironical interpretation and (b) a pretence interpretation, earliest uses of these particles (in spontaneous children’s speech) suggest that pretence-interpretations, rather than evidential ones, are the first to develop (Ifantidou, to appear). This production finding is mapped onto input occurrences of taha and dithen in (i) children’s readers, (ii) adults’ prose, and (iii) adults’ speech. High prevalence of pretence interpretations is observed in (i), with high prevalence of evidential interpretations in (ii) and (iii). These findings are cross-checked by linguistic tasks run with nursery (4–5 years old) and 6–12 year-old children. The results also point to an early acquisition of the pretence-interpretation and a later acquisition of the particles’ evidential uses. Finally, non-linguistic experiments are run with the nursery (4–5 year-old) children to assess their evidential cognitive abilities. Two questions arise: (1) If children lack the semantics/pragmatics of evidential taha and dithen, do they also lack the relevant mind-reading abilities? (2) If children exhibit an earlier working capacity of pretence-interpretations, is there an explanation for why this is so? In addressing these issues, I will explore the possibility that availability of evidential lexical items in language presupposes availability of relevant concepts, and suggest, in turn, a degree of developmental interdependence between cognition and language.

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LI, JIA-HUA. "SPONTANEOUS EMISSION SPECTRA AND SIMULATING MULTIPLE SPONTANEOUSLY-GENERATED COHERENCE IN AN N-TYPE MEDIUM." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 16 (July 10, 2007): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984907013407.

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We investigate the spontaneous emission spectra of a coherently driven four-level cold atomic system. It is shown that a few interesting phenomena such as spectral-line narrowing, spectral-line enhancement, spectral-line suppression, and spontaneous emission quenching can be realized in our system. The spectral-line enhancement and suppression can be conveniently manipulated by appropriately modulating the frequency detuning of the probe driving field. In the dressed-state picture of the probe and coupling fields, we find that this coherently-driven atomic system has three close-lying levels so that multiple spontaneously-generated coherence (SGC) arises. Our considered atomic model can be found in real atoms, such as rubidium or sodium, so a corresponding experiment can be done to observe the expected phenomena related to SGC effect, since no rigorous conditions are required.

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Davis, Ian, and Mark Vicars. "Across intergenerational masculinities: straight divisions, gay multiplications." Qualitative Research Journal 14, no. 1 (May 6, 2014): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-03-2014-0010.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present two examples how stories and storying can be utilised to excavate forgotten points and junctures that result as fundamental episodes in the forming of the subjective selves. Writing in-between masculinity and queerness both stories trace the experience of two boys through accounts of initiation and subjection. Design/methodology/approach – Using autobiography as a method, in concert with Deleuzian-Guattarian notions of becoming and becoming other the paper explores how the discovery of subjective difference informs how the work of identity making and survival take place. Findings – What is uncovered in the process of the paper is how we learn the disguises needed for survival through an early encounter away from the dominating and into the dominated. In this process of becoming other strategies are designed to disguise difference and avoid detection. Social implications – The gaps and fissures that exist between intergenerational positions in conjunction with the straight/gay sexuality binary provide the environment within which the paper operates. Through personal biography the paper investigates how this structure informs the subjective positionality and the identity construction. Originality/value – The openness of the writing found in both of these accounts, although clearly a narrative construction, are also akin to a stream of remembering or spontaneous prose writing. The accounts themselves are not heavily edited; they have not been figured and refigured to produce pleasing literary effects. Instead they remain raw utilising narrative tropes such as flash-back and dramaturgy simply as conduits to memory. The tropes that are employed could be read as defensive or distancing mechanism, a protection against the capacity of the unfolding lived experience to disturb and disrupt.

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Du, Yingjie, Kang Jin, and Junxiang Zhang. "The Kerr Nonlinearity in an N-Type Four-Level System via Spontaneously Generated Coherence." Journal of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 2009 (October 26, 2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/382764.

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The Kerr nonlinearity is investigated in an N-type four-level atomic system whose both supper levels are degenerated or nearly degenerate. It is found that the spontaneously generated coherence as a result of the degenerate levels can change the Kerr nonlinearity dramatically depending on the angle between two spontaneous channels. In addition, we discover that the probe field makes its own contribution to the nonlinearity in comparison to indifference in general three-level systems.

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Orehovs, Ivars. "Liepājai – veltījuma dzejas / dziesmu piemēri mūsdienās un 19. gadsimta baltvācu literārajā mantojumā." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 25 (March 5, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2020.25.026.

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In a literary heritage with a developed tradition of genres, works whose main purpose is to attract the attention of readers to a selected geographical location, are of particular culture-historical and culture-geographical interest. The most widespread in this respect is travel literature, which is usually written by travellers and consist of impressions portrayed in prose after visits to foreign lands. Another type of literary depiction with an expressed poetic orientation, but a similar goal, is characteristic of dedicatory poetry. The author’s position is usually saturated with emotional expressiveness as well as the artistry of symbols, encouraging the reader or listener to feel the formation of a spontaneous attitude. It is possible to gain confidence in the engagement of the author of the poetry as an individual in the depicted cultural-geographical environment, which can be conceptually expressed by words or pairs of words ‘resident’, ‘native place’, ‘patriot’. With regard to the devotional depictions on the Latvian urban environment, one of the earliest examples known in the history of literature is the dedicatory poem in German by Christian Bornmann to the town Jelgava with its ancient name (Mitau, 1686/1802). The name of Liepāja town in this tradition of the genre has become an embodiment later – in the poetry selection in German, also using the ancient name of the town (Libausche Dichtungen, 1853), but in terms of contemporary literary practice with Imants Kalniņš’ music, there is a convincing dominance of songs with words of poetry. The aim of the article is, looking at the poetry devoted to Liepāja in the 19th century and at the turn of the 20th/21st century in the comparative aspect, to present textually thematic peculiarities as well as to provide the analytical interpretative summary of those.

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Cheng, Wei Min, Shan Shan Zhao, and Gang Wang. "The Division of No 1304 Face in Tangkou Coal Mine and a Case Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.347.

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Based the analysis of the “3 zones” theory and index of spontaneous combustion in the mined out area, six measured points under which there are air sample collection probe and temperature sensor measuring the air composition and temperature of the mined out area of No 1304 face are arranged along both crossheadings of the mined out area in order to divide the “3 zones” of spontaneous combustion with the combination of the mining situation of No 1304 face in Tangkou coal mine. This present study mainly measures and analyzes the concentration of O2 and the temperature change and takes advantage of the Matlab and Excel to fit the concentration of O2 to determine the range of “3 zones”of spontaneous combustion in NO. 1304 face. Meanwhile, the concentration of CO is also measured and analyzed to determine the most prone location to fire of No. 1304.

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Bahloul, Mabrouk, Sana Kharrat, Malek Hafdhi, Anis Maalla, Olfa Turki, Kamilia Chtara, Rania Ammar, et al. "Impact of prone position on outcomes of COVID-19 patients with spontaneous breathing." Acute and Critical Care 36, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.00500.

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Background: In this study, we explored whether early application of the prone position (PP) can improve severe hypoxemia and respiratory failure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with spontaneous breathing.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of severe, critically ill adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. All vital parameters were recorded in real time for all patients. Moreover, the results of chest computed tomography (CT), when available, were analyzed.Results: PP was applied in 21 patients who were breathing spontaneously. The application of PP was associated with a significant increase in oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) from 82%±12% to 96%±3% (P<0.001) 1 hour later. Moreover, PP was associated with a significant reduction in respiratory rate from 31±10 to 21±4 breaths/min (P<0.001). Furthermore, the number of patients who exhibited signs of respiratory distress after PP was reduced from 10 (47%) to 3 (14%) (P=0.04). Early PP application also led to a clear improvement on CT imaging. It was not, however, associated with a reduction in mortality rate or in the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (P>0.05 for both).Conclusions: Our study confirmed that the early application of PP can improve hypoxemia and tachypnea in COVID-19 patients with spontaneous breathing. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the beneficial effects of PP in COVID-19 patients with spontaneous breathing.

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BARRIOS, ELENA RAMÍREZ, and JUAN G. DÍAZ OCHOA. "IMPERFECT COORDINATION IN OPTIMIZATION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 20, no. 04 (April 2009): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183109013868.

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We present a novel optimization method for an Ising like system suspended in a lattice with nonstatic defects. Depending on the size of the experimental probe the system spontaneously defines a defect free lattice where the control function can be optimized using conventional methods as Metropolis heuristics. We illustrate this method in a lattice with variable defects and show how the magnetization of the system depends on the spontaneous definition of the defect-free lattice. This approximation should be useful as a basis for the definition of systems of agents with imperfect coordination.

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NAKMURA, Kensaku, Kazuyoshi HASEGAWA, Kota TANAKA, and Hiromasa TATSUZAWA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ON ARTIFICIAL AND SPONTANEOUS RIB BEDS." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 45 (2001): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.45.661.

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Shitara, Akiko, Akihiko Tanimura, Atsuko Sato, and Yosuke Tojyo. "Spontaneous oscillations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration via purinergic receptors elicit transient cell swelling in rat parotid ducts." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 6 (December 2009): G1198—G1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00168.2009.

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Using multiphoton microscopy, we established that rat parotid ductal cells exhibit spontaneous oscillations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). These oscillatory Ca2+ responses were observed during continuous perfusion with a physiological salt solution at 37°C in the absence of calcium mobilizing agonist stimulation. The timing and patterns of these spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations varied among individual ductal cells, and the average number of Ca2+ responses in a single responding ductal cell was 2.1 in a 10-min recording period. High-speed scanning (0.6 s/image) revealed that most spontaneous elevations in [Ca2+]i were initiated at the luminal side of ductal cells and spread toward the basal side within 2 s. Electron microscopic analysis after Ca2+ imaging indicated that spontaneously oscillating ducts contained numerous granules at the luminal side, which is characteristic of granular ducts. These Ca2+ oscillations were completely blocked by the purinergic receptor inhibitors 4-[[4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]azo]-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid (PPADS) and suramin but were not blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine or the α-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine. Simultaneous observation of fura-2 fluorescence and differential interference contrast (DIC) images showed that spontaneous elevations of [Ca2+]i were well correlated with changes in shape of ductal cells. Using a plasma membrane fluorescence probe, SynaptoGreen C4, we found that the changes in DIC images reflected spontaneous cell swelling of ductal cells. Our findings present the possibility that purinergic receptors mediate spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in parotid ductal cells and regulate electrolyte reabsorption from the primary saliva in the resting state.

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Fan, Jiuyuan, Gang Wang, and Jiuling Zhang. "Study on Spontaneous Combustion Tendency of Coals with Different Metamorphic Grade at Low Moisture Content Based on TPO-DSC." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203890.

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In the environments of various open coal storage sites, mining-affected coalbeds, and goafs, etc., some coal bodies are often affected by external environmental factors. They are highly prone to spontaneous combustion in low moisture content (≤8%). In order to examine the effect of low moisture content on the spontaneous combustion tendency of coals with different metamorphic grade, we conducted a temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) experiment and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment to study the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coals with different metamorphic grade at four different low moisture contents. The change laws of the characteristic parameters of four different metamorphic grade coals at four different low moisture contents were comparatively analyzed. The experimental results indicate that: (1) Compared other low moisture content, anthracite and fat coal at a low moisture content of 1.2 % show a stronger tendency for spontaneous combustion, and long flame coal and lignite at a low moisture content of 3.4% and 5.6% are more prone to spontaneous combustion. (2) Four different metamorphic grade coals at a low moisture content of 7.8% are less prone to spontaneous combustion.

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Hakan, Tayfun, and Serkan Gürcan. "Spontaneous Regression of Herniated Lumbar Disc with New Disc Protrusion in the Adjacent Level." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1538072.

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Spontaneous regression of herniated lumbar discs was reported occasionally. The mechanisms proposed for regression of disc herniation are still incomplete. This paper describes and discusses a case of spontaneous regression of herniated lumbar discs with a new disc protrusion in the adjacent level. A 41-year-old man was admitted with radiating pain and numbness in the left lower extremity with a left posterolateral disc extrusion at L5-S1 level. He was admitted to hospital with low back pain due to disc herniation caudally immigrating at L4-5 level three years ago. He refused the surgical intervention that was offered and was treated conservatively at that time. He had no neurological deficit and a history of spontaneous regression of the extruded lumbar disc; so, a conservative therapy, including bed rest, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics, was advised. In conclusion, herniated lumbar disc fragments may regress spontaneously. Reports are prone to advise conservative treatment for extruded or sequestrated lumbar disc herniations. However, these patients should be followed up closely; new herniation at adjacent/different level may occur. Furthermore, it is important to know which herniated disk should be removed and which should be treated conservatively, because disc herniation may cause serious complications as muscle weakness and cauda equine syndrome.

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Huss, Wendy J., Lihua Lai, Roberto J. Barrios, Karen K. Hirschi, and Norman M. Greenberg. "Retinoic acid slows progression and promotes apoptosis of spontaneous prostate cancer." Prostate 61, no. 2 (2004): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.20097.

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Farkas, G. A., and M. A. Schroeder. "Mechanical role of expiratory muscles during breathing in prone anesthetized dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 2137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.6.2137.

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The purpose of the present study was to assess the mechanical role of the expiratory muscles during spontaneous breathing in prone animals. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the triangularis sterni, the rectus abdominis, the external oblique, and the transversus abdominis was studied in 10 dogs light anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. EMGs were recorded during spontaneous steady-state breathing in supine and prone suspended animals both before and after cervical vagotomy. We also measured the end-expiratory lung volume [functional residual capacity (FRC)] in supine and prone positions to assess the mechanical role of expiratory muscle activation in prone dogs. Spontaneous breathing in the prone posture elicited a significant recruitment of the triangularis sterni, the external oblique, and the transversus abdominis (P less than 0.05). Bilateral cervical vagotomy eliminated the postural activation of the external oblique and the transversus abdominis but not the triangularis sterni. Changes in posture during control and after cervical vagotomy were associated with an increase in FRC. However, changes in FRC, on average, were 132.3 +/- 33.8 (SE) ml larger (P less than 0.01) postvagotomy. We conclude that spontaneous breathing in prone anesthetized dogs is associated with a marked phasic expiratory recruitment of rib cage and abdominal muscles. The present data also indicate that by relaxing at end expiration the expiratory muscles of the abdominal region are directly responsible for generating roughly 40% of the tidal volume.

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Yamada, Y., H. Shisa, H. Matsushiro, T. Kamoto, Y. Kobayashi, A. Kawarai, and H. Hiai. "T lymphomagenesis is determined by a dominant host gene thymic lymphoma susceptible mouse-1 (TLSM-1) in mouse models." Journal of Experimental Medicine 180, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 2155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.180.6.2155.

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Susceptibility to T lymphomas in mice is determined by a number of viral and host genetic factors. We analyzed the types and latent period of lymphomas spontaneously occurring in crosses between AKR/Ms, a T lymphoma-prone mouse strain, and SL/Kh, a pre-B lymphoma-prone strain. The incidence of T lymphomas in the F1 hybrids backcross to SL/Kh as well as F2 generation mice indicated that a dominant host gene thymic lymphoma susceptible mouse-1 (Tlsm-1) of AKR/Ms determined the type of lymphomas to be thymic. Linkage analysis with microsatellite markers assigned Tlsm-1 to the map position 61 cM from centromere of the chromosome 7. Close scrutiny of this region of AKXD recombinant inbred strains for spontaneous T lymphomas revealed the presence of Tlsm-1-like gene most likely between D7MIT71 (map position 62) and D7MIT13 (map position 70). On the other hand, a SL/Kh-derived recessive allele at a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked locus accelerated development of both T and B lymphomas.

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Brea, Roberto J., Andrew K. Rudd, and Neal K. Devaraj. "Nonenzymatic biomimetic remodeling of phospholipids in synthetic liposomes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 31 (July 20, 2016): 8589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605541113.

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Cell membranes have a vast repertoire of phospholipid species whose structures can be dynamically modified by enzymatic remodeling of acyl chains and polar head groups. Lipid remodeling plays important roles in membrane biology and dysregulation can lead to disease. Although there have been tremendous advances in creating artificial membranes to model the properties of native membranes, a major obstacle has been developing straightforward methods to mimic lipid membrane remodeling. Stable liposomes are typically kinetically trapped and are not prone to exchanging diacylphospholipids. Here, we show that reversible chemoselective reactions can be harnessed to achieve nonenzymatic spontaneous remodeling of phospholipids in synthetic membranes. Our approach relies on transthioesterification/acyl shift reactions that occur spontaneously and reversibly between tertiary amides and thioesters. We demonstrate exchange and remodeling of both lipid acyl chains and head groups. Using our synthetic model system we demonstrate the ability of spontaneous phospholipid remodeling to trigger changes in vesicle spatial organization, composition, and morphology as well as recruit proteins that can affect vesicle curvature. Membranes capable of chemically exchanging lipid fragments could be used to help further understand the specific roles of lipid structure remodeling in biological membranes.

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Pereira, Effie J., Elina Birmingham, and Jelena Ristic. "Contextually-Based Social Attention Diverges across Covert and Overt Measures." Vision 3, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision3020029.

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Humans spontaneously attend to social cues like faces and eyes. However, recent data show that this behavior is significantly weakened when visual content, such as luminance and configuration of internal features, as well as visual context, such as background and facial expression, are controlled. Here, we investigated attentional biasing elicited in response to information presented within appropriate background contexts. Using a dot-probe task, participants were presented with a face–house cue pair, with a person sitting in a room and a house positioned within a picture hanging on a wall. A response target occurred at the previous location of the eyes, mouth, top of the house, or bottom of the house. Experiment 1 measured covert attention by assessing manual responses while participants maintained central fixation. Experiment 2 measured overt attention by assessing eye movements using an eye tracker. The data from both experiments indicated no evidence of spontaneous attentional biasing towards faces or facial features in manual responses; however, an infrequent, though reliable, overt bias towards the eyes of faces emerged. Together, these findings suggest that contextually-based social information does not determine spontaneous social attentional biasing in manual measures, although it may act to facilitate oculomotor behavior.

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Farkas, G. A., and M. A. Schroeder. "Functional significance of expiratory muscles during spontaneous breathing in anesthetized dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.238.

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Recent electromyographic studies in awake and anesthetized dogs have demonstrated that spontaneous breathing in prone dogs is associated with an increased activation of the expiratory muscles compared with that recorded in supine dogs. On the basis of these observations, one would infer that the mechanical role and contribution of the expiratory musculature to the act of breathing are enhanced in the prone posture. The changes in length associated with these postural increases in expiratory muscle electrical activity, however, have not been investigated and formed the basis of our investigation. We examined the active and passive changes in length of expiratory muscles during spontaneous breathing in supine and prone anesthetized dogs and assessed the relative role of the expiratory musculature in the generation of tidal volume. The experiments were performed on eight mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. In all eight animals, spontaneous breathing in the prone posture was associated with an increased activation (electromyogram) of the triangularis sterni, external oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles compared with that recorded in the supine posture. We quantitated the role of the expiratory muscles in both postures by measuring the volume difference between relaxation volume of the respiratory system and the end-expiratory lung volume. In the supine animal, 93 ml were attributed to the expiratory musculature, whereas in the prone animal, we noted that 186 ml (P < 0.01) were displaced during expiration, representing 43 and 52% (NS) of tidal volume, respectively. During spontaneous breathing in the supine or prone posture, all three expiratory muscles underwent significant length changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Ho Bowei, 何柏纬, 梁义志 Liang Yizhi, 许哲伦 Hsu Chelun, 德士柏 Das Subir, and 高甫仁 Kao Fujen. "Stimulated gain and spontaneous loss pump-probe microscopy." Infrared and Laser Engineering 47, no. 6 (2018): 606004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201847.0606004.

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Schulze, Harald, and Evelyn R. Barrack. "Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptors in spontaneous and experimentally induced canine benign prostatic hyperplasia." Prostate 11, no. 2 (1987): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.2990110206.

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Harwood, J., A. Tachibana, and M. Meuth. "Multiple dispersed spontaneous mutations: a novel pathway of mutation in a malignant human cell line." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 6 (June 1991): 3163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.6.3163.

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We analyzed the nature of spontaneous mutations at the autosomal locus coding for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in the human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW620 to establish whether distinctive mutational pathways exist that might underlie the more complex genome rearrangements arising in tumor cells. Point mutations occur at a low rate in aprt hemizygotes derived from SW620, largely as a result of base substitutions at G.C base pairs to yield transversions and transitions. However, a novel pathway is evident in the form of multiple dispersed mutations in which two errors, separated by as much as 1,800 bp, fall in the same mutant gene. Such mutations could be the result of error-prone DNA synthesis occurring during normal replication or during long-patch excision-repair of spontaneously arising DNA lesions. This process could also contribute to the chromosomal instability evident in these tumor cells.

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Harwood, J., A. Tachibana, and M. Meuth. "Multiple dispersed spontaneous mutations: a novel pathway of mutation in a malignant human cell line." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 6 (June 1991): 3163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.6.3163-3170.1991.

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We analyzed the nature of spontaneous mutations at the autosomal locus coding for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in the human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW620 to establish whether distinctive mutational pathways exist that might underlie the more complex genome rearrangements arising in tumor cells. Point mutations occur at a low rate in aprt hemizygotes derived from SW620, largely as a result of base substitutions at G.C base pairs to yield transversions and transitions. However, a novel pathway is evident in the form of multiple dispersed mutations in which two errors, separated by as much as 1,800 bp, fall in the same mutant gene. Such mutations could be the result of error-prone DNA synthesis occurring during normal replication or during long-patch excision-repair of spontaneously arising DNA lesions. This process could also contribute to the chromosomal instability evident in these tumor cells.

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KONDO, KEI-ICHI. "FIRST AND SECOND ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS IN MAXWELL–CHERN–SIMONS THEORY COUPLED TO FERMIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 04 (February 10, 1996): 777–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96000365.

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In the Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory coupled to Nf flavors of four-component fermions (or an even number of two-component fermions), we construct the gauge-covariant effective potential written in terms of two order parameters which are able to probe the breakdown of chiral symmetry and parity. In the absence of the bare Chern–Simons term, we show that the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken for fermion flavors Nf below a certain finite critical number [Formula: see text] while the parity is not broken spontaneously. This chiral phase transition is of the second order. In the presence of the bare Chern–Simons term, on the other hand, the chiral phase transition associated with the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is shown to continue to exist, although the parity is explicitly broken. However, it is shown that the existence of the bare Chern–Simons term changes the order of the chiral transition into the first order, no matter how small the bare Chern–Simons coefficient may be. This gauge-invariant result is consistent with that recently obtained through the Schwinger–Dyson equation in the nonlocal gauge.

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Meshkov, Sergey. "Determination of the Parameters of Technological Schemes for the Development of Coal Seams Prone to Spontaneous Combustion using Computer Simulation." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910501016.

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The study considers thr problem of endogenous fire hazard in underground mining of coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion. The main trends in the development of modern technology of underground coal mining are shown. The interaction of air-gas-dynamic and geomechanical processes in the development of coal seams by longwall mining is considered. The possibilities of computer simulation of air-gas-dynamic processes in the extraction districts of modern coal mines are considered. The significant influence of geological and mining conditions of mining operations on the distribution of air flow in extraction districts and the efficiency of gas emission control in the workings of the extraction districts are shown. The design scheme and the results of numerical studies (methane and oxygen concentration fields) are given. It is concluded that it is necessary to determine the rational parameters of the preparation, ventilation, isolated drainage and degassing schemes when developing gas-bearing coal seams that are prone to spontaneous combustion. Recommendations are given on improvement of the safety in mining coal seams that are prone to spontaneous combustion.

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Liang, Yi-Qiang, Akemi Kakino, Yasunari Matsuzaka, Tomoji Mashimo, Masato Isono, Tomohisa Akamatsu, Hana Shimizu, et al. "LOX-1 (Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1) Deletion Has Protective Effects on Stroke in the Genetic Background of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat." Stroke 51, no. 6 (June 2020): 1835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.029421.

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Background and Purpose— oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) has been known for its potential to induce endothelial dysfunction and used as a major serological marker of oxidative stress. Recently, LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1), a lectin-like receptor for oxLDL, has attracted attention in studies of neuronal apoptosis and stroke. We aim to investigate the impact of LOX-1 -deficiency on spontaneous hypertension-related brain damage in the present study. Methods— We generated a LOX-1 deficient strain on the genetic background of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), an animal model of severe hypertension and spontaneous stroke. In this new disease model with stroke-proneness, we monitored the occurrence of brain abnormalities with and without salt loading by multiple procedures including T 2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging and also explored circulatory miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for cerebral ischemic injury by microarray analysis. Results— Both T 2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and physiological parameter changes could be detected at significantly delayed timing in LOX-1 knockout rats compared with wild-type SHRSP, in either case of normal rat chow and salt loading ( P <0.005 in all instances; n=11–20 for SHRSP and n=13–23 for LOX-1 knockout rats). There were no significant differences in the form of magnetic resonance imaging findings between the strains. A number of miRNAs expressed in the normal rat plasma, including rno-miR-150-5p and rno-miR-320-3p, showed significant changes after spontaneous brain damage in SHRSP, whereas the corresponding changes were modest or almost unnoticeable in LOX-1 knockout rats. There appeared to be the lessening of correlation of postischemic miRNA alterations between the injured brain tissue and plasma in LOX-1 knockout rats. Conclusions— Our data show that deficiency of LOX-1 has a protective effect on spontaneous brain damage in a newly generated LOX-1 -deficient strain of SHRSP. Further, our analysis of miRNAs as biomarkers for ischemic brain damage supports a potential involvement of LOX-1 in blood brain barrier disruption after cerebral ischemia. Visual Overview— An online visual overview is available for this article.

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Nijnik, Anastasia, Helen Ferry, Graham Lewis, Eleni Rapsomaniki, Janson C. H. Leung, Angelika Daser, Teresa Lambe, Christopher C. Goodnow, and Richard J. Cornall. "Spontaneous B cell hyperactivity in autoimmune-prone MRL mice." International Immunology 18, no. 7 (May 30, 2006): 1127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxl047.

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Banfi, Cristina, Luigi Sironi, Grazia De Simoni, Paolo Gelosa, Simona Barcella, Carlo Perego, Elisabetta Gianazza, Uliano Guerrini, Elena Tremoli, and Luciana Mussoni. "Pentoxifylline Prevents Spontaneous Brain Ischemia in Stroke-Prone Rats." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 310, no. 3 (June 16, 2004): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.104.067090.

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Waters, David J., Evan B. Janovitz, and Thomas C. K. Chan. "Spontaneous metastasis of PC-3 cells in athymic mice after implantation in orthotopic or ectopic microenvironments." Prostate 26, no. 5 (May 1995): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.2990260502.

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Ruetzler, Christl A., Kazuhide Furuya, Hidetaka Takeda, and John M. Hallenbeck. "Brain Vessels Normally Undergo Cyclic Activation and Inactivation: Evidence from Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Heme Oxygenase-1, and Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Immunostaining of Vessels and Perivascular Brain Cells." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 21, no. 3 (March 2001): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200103000-00008.

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Studies of vascular biology during the past decade have identified an expanding list of agonists and antagonists that regulate local hemostasis, inflammation, and reactivity in blood vessels. Interactions at the blood-endothelial interface are intricate and complex and have been postulated to play a role in the initiation of stroke and the progression of brain injury during early hours of ischemia, particularly in conjunction with reperfusion injury ( Hallenbeck, 1996 ). In the current study of normal and activated vessels in rat brain, immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) exhibit concentric perivascular rings involving vessel wall and surrounding parenchyma that appear to coincide with one another in serial sections. The ring patterns suggest periodic radial expansion of these molecules released through a process of cyclic activation and inactivation of brain vessel segments. In this process, the rings appear randomly scattered instead of affecting all vessels within a high power field (HPF) synchronously. The average number of vessels per HPF (mean ± SD) with perivascular cuffs of immunoreactive MnSOD increased from 51 ± 28 in Wistar, 72 ± 46 in Wistar-Kyoto, and 84 ± 30 in Sprague Dawley rats (no spontaneous strokes) to 184 ± 72 in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (spontaneous strokes). Perivascular immunoreactive cuffs are also increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats by induction of cytokine expression by lipopolysaccharide (64 ± 15 vs. 131 ± 32 /HPF). The patterns of TNF-α, HO-1, and MnSOD in naïve animals are interpreted to indicate that focal hemostatic balance normally fluctuates in brain vessels and influences surrounding parenchymal cells. Perivascular immunoreactive cuffs representing this process are more frequent in animals with lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial activation or genetic stroke proneness.

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HARA, CHITAKA. "Significance of arrhythmia which appears in cerebral apoplexy spontaneous hypertension rat (SHRSP, Stroke-prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) as an experimental disease." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 30, no. 1 (1999): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.30.337.

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Hodge, Megan, and Carrie L. Gotzke. "Preliminary Results of an Intelligibility Measure for English-Speaking Children with Cleft Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 2 (March 2007): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-035.1.

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Objective: This study describes a preliminary evaluation of the construct and concurrent validity of the Speech Intelligibility Probe for Children With Cleft Palate. Design: The study used a prospective between-groups design with convenience samples. Participants: Participants (ages 39 to 82 months) included 5 children with cleft palate and 10 children with typical speech development and no history of craniofacial abnormalities. All children had age-appropriate language skills. Interventions: Each child completed the Speech Intelligibility Probe for Children With Cleft Palate by imitating single words. Each child's word productions were recorded and played back to listeners who completed open-set and closed-set response tasks. Recorded utterances that represented a contiguous 100-word sample of each child's spontaneous speech also were played back to listeners for completion of an open-set word identification task. Main Outcome Measures: Measures reported include group means for (1) intelligibility scores for the open-set Speech Intelligibility Probe for Children With Cleft Palate and spontaneous speech sample conditions, and (2) percentage of phonetic contrasts correct and correct-distorted from the Speech Intelligibility Probe for Children With Cleft Palate closed-set response task. Results: The group of children with cleft palate had significantly lower intelligibility scores, lower percentage of correct phonetic contrasts, and higher percentage of correct distorted items (construct validity). A strong positive correlation (r = .88, p < .01) was found between intelligibility scores from the Speech Intelligibility Probe for Children With Cleft Palate and the spontaneous sample (concurrent validity). Conclusions: The results provide preliminary support for the construct and concurrent validities of the Speech Intelligibility Probe for Children With Cleft Palate as a measure of children's speech intelligibility.

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Henning, Erica C., Steven Warach, and Maria Spatz. "Hypertension-Induced Vascular Remodeling Contributes to Reduced Cerebral Perfusion and the Development of Spontaneous Stroke in Aged SHRSP Rats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 30, no. 4 (December 2, 2009): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.246.

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Stroke in spontaneously-hypertensive, stroke-prone (SHRSP) rats is of particular interest because the pathogenesis is believed to be similar to that in the clinical setting. In this study, we employed multi-modal MRI—ASL, DWI, T2, GRE, T1 (pre/post contrast)—to investigate the natural history of spontaneous cerebral infarction and the specific role of cerebral perfusion in disease development. Twelve female SHRSP rats (age: ∼1 year) were imaged within 1 to 3 days of symptom onset. The distribution of ischemic lesions was the following: 28.1% visual, 21.9% striatal, 18.8% motorsensory, 12.5% thalamic, 12.5% auditory, 3.1% frontal/prelimbic, and 3.1% multiple areas. Ischemic lesions had significantly reduced blood flow in comparison with healthy tissue. Ischemic lesions were characterized by hyperplastic, thrombosed, and compressed vessels. These findings suggest that ischemic lesion development is related to hypertension-induced vascular remodeling and persistent hypoperfusion. This model should be useful for studying the relationship between chronic hypertension and subsequent stroke, both in terms of primary and secondary prevention.

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Rodnina, Marina V., and Wolfgang Wintermeyer. "The ribosome as a molecular machine: the mechanism of tRNA–mRNA movement in translocation." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 2 (March 22, 2011): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0390658.

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Translocation of tRNA and mRNA through the ribosome is one of the most dynamic events during protein synthesis. In the cell, translocation is catalysed by EF-G (elongation factor G) and driven by GTP hydrolysis. Major unresolved questions are: how the movement is induced and what the moving parts of the ribosome are. Recent progress in time-resolved cryoelectron microscopy revealed trajectories of tRNA movement through the ribosome. Driven by thermal fluctuations, the ribosome spontaneously samples a large number of conformational states. The spontaneous movement of tRNAs through the ribosome is loosely coupled to the motions within the ribosome. EF-G stabilizes conformational states prone to translocation and promotes a conformational rearrangement of the ribosome (unlocking) that accelerates the rate-limiting step of translocation: the movement of the tRNA anticodons on the small ribosomal subunit. EF-G acts as a Brownian ratchet providing directional bias for movement at the cost of GTP hydrolysis.

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Nicosia, Angelo, Fabiana Vento, Giovanni Marletta, Grazia Messina, Cristina Satriano, Valentina Villari, Norberto Micali, Maria De Martino, Maaike Schotman, and Placido Mineo. "Porphyrin-Based Supramolecular Flags in the Thermal Gradients’ Wind: What Breaks the Symmetry, How and Why." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071673.

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The Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) phenomenon is a natural event in which a system changes its symmetric state, apparently reasonless, in an asymmetrical one. Nevertheless, this occurrence could be hiding unknown inductive forces. An intriguing investigation pathway uses supramolecular aggregates of suitable achiral porphyrins, useful to mimic the natural light-harvesting systems (as chlorophyll). Using as SSB probe supramolecular aggregates of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[p(ω-methoxypolyethyleneoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (StarP), a non-ionic achiral PEGylated porphyrin, we explore here its interaction with weak asymmetric thermal gradients fields. The cross-correlation of the experimental data (circular dichroism, confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy) revealed that the used building blocks aggregate spontaneously, organizing in flag-like structures whose thermally-induced circular dichroism depends on their features. Finally, thermal gradient-induced enantioselectivity of the supramolecular flag-like aggregates has been shown and linked to their size-dependence mesoscopic deformation, which could be visualized as waving flags in the wind.

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Zuo, Pengli, Zhongguang Chen, Fengling Yu, Jinyu Zhang, Wei Zuo, Yanli Gao, and Qingyou Liu. "An easy synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots as a probe for chloramphenicol." RSC Advances 10, no. 54 (2020): 32919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra04228e.

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Zhang, Qing, and Ningjuan Fang. "The Relationship Between Spontaneous Trait Inferences and Spontaneous Situational Inferences: A Developmental Approach." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.4.569.

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Using a recognition probe paradigm, we examined the relationship between the strength of tendency to make spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) and the strength of tendency to make spontaneous situational inferences (SSIs) among 3 groups of Chinese children and adolescents (N = 144) aged 8, 11, and 14 years, respectively. The results showed that the children could make both STIs and SSIs simultaneously from the age of 8 years. Both 8- and 11-year-olds were more likely to make SSIs than STIs, but for the 11-year-olds there was no difference between the strength of tendency to make STIs and the strength of tendency to make SSIs. These results are discussed in the light of social judgment processes, and of cultural differences in spontaneous impression formation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spontaneous prose'

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