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Journal articles on the topic 'Spontaneous Collapse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Yang, Xiaoning, Brian W. Stump, and W. Scott Phillips. "Source mechanism of an explosively induced mine collapse." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88, no. 3 (1998): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0880030843.

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Abstract Mining explosions and collapses, in addition to earthquakes, may trigger the future Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) monitoring system. Many shallow, spontaneously occurring mine collapses have implosional source mechanisms that might provide a physical basis to discriminate them from explosions. In this study, an explosively induced mine collapse was investigated. The collapse occurred immediately after the support pillars of a 320-m-deep underground mine opening were destroyed by explosives. It had an Lg body-wave magnitude (mbLg) of 2.8. We analyzed free-surface ground-motion data (within 1200 m) from the collapse by waveform forward modeling and time-dependent source moment-tensor inversion. The results indicate that the source mechanism of the collapse can be represented by a horizontal opening and closing crack. The time functions of the diagonal source moment-tensor components are similar to that of a spall source accompanying an underground explosion. A unique source characteristic of the induced collapse is that, unlike spontaneous collapses, the induced collapse initiated as a tensile crack. Because of the initially expansive source characteristic, this kind of induced mine collapses may pose some difficulties to the seismic discrimination problem. Despite the similarities between the induced mine collapse and underground explosions, the collapse has a more band-limited source spectrum and seems to be more efficient in shear and surface-wave generation.

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Buchholz, Detlev, and Ojima Izumi. "Spontaneous collapse of supersymmetry." Nuclear Physics B 498, no. 1-2 (1997): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(97)00274-5.

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3

Lewis, Peter J. "Interpreting spontaneous collapse theories." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 36, no. 1 (2005): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2004.08.002.

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4

Diósi, Lajos. "Spontaneous Wave Function Collapse with Frame Dragging and Induced Gravity." Quantum Reports 1, no. 2 (2019): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum1020025.

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I impose the Newtonian criteria of inertial frames on the c.o.m.trajectories of massive objects undergoing spontaneous collapse of their wave function. The corresponding modification of the so far used stochastic Schrödinger equation eliminates the Brownian motion of the c.o.m., and restores the exact inertial motion for free masses. For the collapse of Schrödinger cat states the Born rule is satisfied invariably. The proposed machinery comes from the radical assumption that, in the vicinity of the spontaneously localized mass, the stochastic fluctuations of the c.o.m.—inevitable in the collapse process—would drag the physical inertial frame with themselves. The perspective of a general theory is presented where the spontaneous-collapse-caused breakdown of local energy-momentum conservation could be remedied by altering the metric, resulting in collapse-induced curvature of the space-time. My assumption of frame-drag by quantized masses is independent of the general relativistic frame-drag by classical masses.

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ASPENBERG, P., J. S. WANG, K. JONSSON, and C. G. HAGERT. "Experimental Osteonecrosis of the Lunate." Journal of Hand Surgery 19, no. 5 (1994): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(94)90116-3.

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Is lunate collapse in Kienböck’s disease a consequence of spontaneous revascularization, leading to focal osteolysis? A literature review of osteonecrosis in other locations such as the femoral head and bone allografts showed clearly that the loss of mechanical integrity is due to cellular processes which follow the spontaneous restoration of blood supply. We found no evidence in the literature that the lunate has been shown to be avascular at the time of collapse. On the contrary, increased osteoclastic activity has been reported. We excised and reimplanted the lunate in two monkeys, and found spontaneous revascularization, leading to increased osteoblastic activity. Other parts of the bone were destroyed by osteoclasts, leading to collapse. This histological example suggests that it may be possible to make an analogy with osteonecrosis in other locations. Thus, changes on plain radiography may indicate that the bone is revascularized spontaneously. Before performing operative revascularization of the lunate, one should consider that revascularization is a probable cause for collapse.

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6

Jones, C., G. Gasbarri, and A. Bassi. "Mass-coupled relativistic spontaneous collapse models." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 54, no. 29 (2021): 295306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/abf871.

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7

Pickard, Lucy, Charlotte Whittaker, and Vishal Jayakar. "Spontaneous sternal collapse in multiple myeloma." British Journal of Haematology 168, no. 3 (2014): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13204.

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8

Dowker, Fay, and Joe Henson. "Spontaneous Collapse Models on a Lattice." Journal of Statistical Physics 115, no. 5/6 (2004): 1327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joss.0000028061.97843.84.

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9

Rechul, D., and K. Rechul. "0164 Evidence Suggesting Early Airway Collapse as Cause of Spontaneous Arousals." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.162.

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Abstract Introduction Spontaneous arousals can occur in response to a number of stimuli like noise, movement, hypoxia, or airway obstruction. Some arousals occur “spontaneously” and in individuals donning a hyper-arousable phenotype, spontaneous arousals can dominate the sleep architecture. While arousal mechanisms for some stimuli have been well described, there is a profound lack of knowledge to explain spontaneous arousals. During clinical testing of a device that was designed by SleepMethods, Inc. to anticipate obstructive sleep apnea events by the ability to sense minute airway caliber changes, it was noted, incidentally that the device would signal impeding airway collapse but a spontaneous arousal followed the signal before an obstructive airway event ever developed. This phenomenon was observed many times within and between subjects, suggesting the possibility that very early airway changes are causing “spontaneous arousals” Methods Ten adults (7M;3F) aged 18-80y/o (avg. 54.7y/o) with a known AHI ≥ 15/hr (avg. AHI = 42.6/hr) underwent 1 overnight PSG recording while wearing the device. Patients were required to forego their usual CPAP therapy on the night of study in efforts to expose the device to an adequate number of total obstructive events (defined as apneas and hypopneas; RERAs and snores were excluded). Standard PSG analysis was performed. Scoring rules were applied to determine whether signals were true/false positives and/or true/false negatives based on pre-clinical data showing anticipation accuracy for up to 45 seconds prior to an obstructive airway event. Signals designed to herald obstructive events were noted, incidentally, appearing prior to spontaneous arousals. Results Preliminary results suggest that early phases of airway collapse, as the airway progresses from patency to clinically significant obstruction, are causing EEG arousals which, by current standards, are considered “spontaneous”. Because these findings were incidental to another primary purpose of the clinical study, data analysis is in early stages but currently suggesting at least an associative relationship. Conclusion If final data analysis shows statistically significant correlation between early airway collapse and “spontaneous arousals”, it may have tremendous implications for patients with hyper-arousability, insomnia, and/or pathologically elevated spontaneous arousal indices by proposing therapies aimed at airway patency maintenance. Support N/A

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10

Vinante, Andrea. "Testing spontaneous collapse models with mechanical experiments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1275 (September 2019): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1275/1/012015.

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Adler, Stephen L., Angelo Bassi, and Sandro Donadi. "On spontaneous photon emission in collapse models." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 46, no. 24 (2013): 245304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/46/24/245304.

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12

Gesierich, Wolfgang, Konstantinos Samitas, Frank Reichenberger, and Juergen Behr. "Collapse phenomenon during Chartis collateral ventilation assessment." European Respiratory Journal 47, no. 6 (2016): 1657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01973-2015.

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Chartis is increasingly used for bronchoscopic assessment of collateral ventilation before endobronchial valve (EBV) treatment for severe emphysema. Its prognostic value is, however, limited by the airway collapse phenomenon. The frequency and clinical significance of the collapse phenomenon remain largely unknown.We performed a retrospective analysis of 92 patients undergoing Chartis evaluation under spontaneous breathing (n=55) or jet ventilation (n=37) from May 2010 to November 2013. Collateral ventilation status (positive/negative/collapse phenomenon/unclear) was reassessed and correlated with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) fissure analysis and clinical response.In the absence of the collapse phenomenon, the predictive value of Chartis measurements and HRCT fissural analysis was comparable. The collapse phenomenon was observed in 31.5% of all assessments, and was more frequent in lower lobes (44.9% versus 16.9% in upper lobes) and under jet ventilation (41.4% versus 22.1% under spontaneous breathing). 69.8% of lobes with the collapse phenomenon had complete fissures. Most patients with the collapse phenomenon in the target lobe and complete fissures treated with EBVs were responders (n=11/15). All valve-treated collapse phenomenon patients with fissure defects were nonresponders (n=3).In the absence of the collapse phenomenon Chartis measurement is reliable to predict response to valve treatment. In patients with the collapse phenomenon, treatment decisions should be based on HRCT detection of fissure integrity. Chartis assessment should be performed under spontaneous breathing.

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te Vrugt, Michael, Gyula I. Tóth, and Raphael Wittkowski. "Master equations for Wigner functions with spontaneous collapse and their relation to thermodynamic irreversibility." Journal of Computational Electronics 20, no. 6 (2021): 2209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-021-01804-6.

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AbstractWigner functions, allowing for a reformulation of quantum mechanics in phase space, are of central importance for the study of the quantum-classical transition. A full understanding of the quantum-classical transition, however, also requires an explanation for the absence of macroscopic superpositions to solve the quantum measurement problem. Stochastic reformulations of quantum mechanics based on spontaneous collapses of the wavefunction are a popular approach to this issue. In this article, we derive the dynamic equations for the four most important spontaneous collapse models—Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber (GRW) theory, continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, Diósi-Penrose model, and dissipative GRW model—in the Wigner framework. The resulting master equations are approximated by Fokker–Planck equations. Moreover, we use the phase-space form of GRW theory to test, via molecular dynamics simulations, David Albert’s suggestion that the stochasticity induced by spontaneous collapses is responsible for the emergence of thermodynamic irreversibility. The simulations show that, for initial conditions leading to anti-thermodynamic behavior in the classical case, GRW-type perturbations do not lead to thermodynamic behavior. Consequently, the GRW-based equilibration mechanism proposed by Albert is not observed.

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Piccirilli, María Pía, Gabriel León, Susana J. Landau, Micol Benetti, and Daniel Sudarsky. "Constraining quantum collapse inflationary models with current data: The semiclassical approach." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 02 (2019): 1950041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181950041x.

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The hypothesis of the self-induced collapse of the inflaton wave function was introduced as a candidate for the physical process responsible for the emergence of inhomogeneity and anisotropy at all scales. In particular, we consider different proposal for the precise form of the dynamics of the inflaton wave function: (i) the GRW-type collapse schemes proposals based on spontaneous individual collapses which generate nonvanishing expectation values of various physical quantities taken as ansatz modifications of the standard inflationary scenario; (ii) the proposal based on a Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) type modification of the Schrödinger evolution of the inflaton wave function, based on a natural choice of collapse operator. We perform a systematic analysis within the semi-classical gravity approximation, of the standing of those models considering a full quasi-de Sitter expansion scenario. We note that the predictions for the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization spectrum differ slightly from those of the standard cosmological model. We also analyze these proposals with a Bayesian model comparison using recent CMB and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data. Our results show a moderate preference of the joint CMB and BAO data for one of the studied collapse schemes model over the [Formula: see text]CDM one, while there is no preference when only CMB data are considered. Additionally, analysis using CMB data provide the same Bayesian evidence for both the CSL and Standard Models, i.e. the data have no preference between the simplicity of the LCDM model and the complexity of the collapse scenario.

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15

Simonov, Kyrylo, and Beatrix C. Hiesmayr. "Can a spontaneous collapse in flavour oscillations be tested at KLOE?" EPJ Web of Conferences 166 (2018): 00006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816600006.

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Why do we never see a table in a superposition of here and there? This problem gets a solution by so called collapse models assuming the collapse as a genuinely physical process. Here we consider two specific collapse models and apply them to systems at high energies, i.e. flavour oscillating neutral meson systems. We find on one hand a potentially new interpretation of the decay rates introduced by hand in the standard formalism and on the other hand that these systems at high energies constrain by experimental data the possible collapse scenarios.

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16

Diósi, Lajos. "Schrödinger–Newton Equation with Spontaneous Wave Function Collapse." Quantum Reports 4, no. 4 (2022): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum4040041.

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Based on the assumption that the standard Schrödinger equation becomes gravitationally modified for massive macroscopic objects, two independent proposals have survived from the 1980s. The Schrödinger–Newton equation (1984) provides well-localized solitons for free macro-objects but lacks the mechanism of how extended wave functions collapse on solitons. The gravity-related stochastic Schrödinger equation (1989) provides the spontaneous collapse, but the resulting solitons undergo a tiny diffusion, leading to an inconvenient steady increase in the kinetic energy. We propose the stochastic Schrödinger–Newton equation, which contains the above two gravity-related modifications together. Then, the wave functions of free macroscopic bodies will gradually and stochastically collapse to solitons, which perform inertial motion without momentum diffusion: conservation of momentum and energy is restored.

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17

Kiely, D. G., S. Ansari, W. A. Davey, V. Mahadevan, G. J. Taylor, and D. Seaton. "Bedside tracer gas technique accurately predicts outcome in aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax." Thorax 56, no. 8 (2001): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.56.8.617.

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BACKGROUNDThere is no technique in general use that reliably predicts the outcome of manual aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax. We have hypothesised that the absence of a pleural leak at the time of aspiration will identify a group of patients in whom immediate discharge is unlikely to be complicated by early lung re-collapse and have tested this hypothesis by using a simple bedside tracer gas technique.METHODSEighty four episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax and 35 episodes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax were studied prospectively. Patients breathed air containing a tracer (propellant gas from a pressurised metered dose inhaler) while the pneumothorax was aspirated percutaneously. Tracer gas in the aspirate was detected at the bedside using a portable flame ioniser and episodes were categorised as tracer gas positive (>1 part per million of tracer gas) or negative. The presence of tracer gas was taken to imply a persistent pleural leak. Failure of manual aspiration and the need for a further intervention was based on chest radiographic appearances showing either failure of the lung to re-expand or re-collapse following initial re-expansion.RESULTSA negative tracer gas test alone implied that manual aspiration would be successful in the treatment of 93% of episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (p<0.001) and in 86% of episodes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (p=0.01). A positive test implied that manual aspiration would either fail to re-expand the lung or that early re-collapse would occur despite initial re-expansion in 66% of episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax and 71% of episodes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Lung re-inflation on the chest radiograph taken immediately after aspiration was a poor predictor of successful aspiration, with lung re-collapse occurring in 34% of episodes by the following day such that a further intervention was required.CONCLUSIONSNational guidelines currently recommend immediate discharge of patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax based primarily on the outcome of the post-aspiration chest radiograph which we have shown to be a poor predictor of early lung re-collapse. Using a simple bedside test in combination with the post-aspiration chest radiograph, we can predict with high accuracy the success of aspiration in achieving sustained lung re-inflation, thereby identifying patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax who can be safely and immediately discharged home and those who should be observed overnight because of a significant risk of re-collapse, with an estimated re-admission rate of 1%.

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Shariff, Masood A., Vijay A. Singh, Edward D. Daniele, et al. "Spontaneous Collapse of Bilateral Bullae with Conservative Management." Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports 6 (January 2013): CCRep.S11187. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ccrep.s11187.

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We report a case of bilateral apical lung bullae that collapsed following an episode of community-acquired pneumonia with bilateral air fluid levels. With standard treatment for community-acquired pneumonia, management of a patient that may have qualified for bullectomy, (as in our case) showed complete resolution of all pathology without surgical intervention. Conservative management took precedence in alleviating pathology over surgical intervention.

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Brent, Geoffrey J., David M. Meisler, Rohit Krishna, and George Baerveldt. "Spontaneous Collapse of Primary Acquired Iris Stromal Cysts." American Journal of Ophthalmology 122, no. 6 (1996): 886–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70387-3.

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20

Monton, Bradley. "The problem of ontology for spontaneous collapse theories." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 35, no. 3 (2004): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2004.03.001.

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Carpintero, P., F. Leon, M. Zafra, R. Montero, and A. Carreto. "Spontaneous collapse of the tibial plateau: radiological staging." Skeletal Radiology 34, no. 7 (2005): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-005-0926-7.

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Piscicchia, Kristian, Angelo Bassi, Catalina Curceanu, et al. "CSL Collapse Model Mapped with the Spontaneous Radiation." Entropy 19, no. 7 (2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e19070319.

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23

Diósi, Lajos. "Is spontaneous wave function collapse testable at all?" Journal of Physics: Conference Series 626 (July 3, 2015): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/626/1/012008.

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ten BROEKE, R. H. M., and J. A. N. VERHAAR. "Acute Radiocarpal Collapse of Unknown Aetiology." Journal of Hand Surgery 21, no. 3 (1996): 388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80211-6.

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Curceanu, Catalina, Raffaele Del Grande, Matthias Laubenstein, and Kristian Piscicchia. "Collapse models tested in the LNGS underground laboratories." International Journal of Quantum Information 17, no. 08 (2019): 1941011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749919410119.

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Collapse models consist in dynamical reformulations of the standard quantum mechanics aiming to solve the measurement problem. The standard Schrödinger dynamics is modified with the introduction of nonlinear and stochastic terms, which induce the wave function collapse in space. Collapse models predict slight deviations from the standard quantum mechanics predictions, in particular the emission of a “spontaneous radiation”, which we explored to set the most stringent limits on the collapse models parameters in a broad range. To this end, the X-ray emission data collected by the IGEX collaboration are analyzed and compared with the spectrum of the spontaneous photon emission process predicted by the theories. The results of the data analyses, and the ongoing experimental efforts will be presented.

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26

Rooney, MB, O. Lanz, and E. Monnet. "Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in two pugs." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 37, no. 2 (2001): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-37-2-128.

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Two, young adult, male pugs presented for spontaneous left-cranial lung lobe torsions. Clinical signs associated with these two cases included increased weakness, increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, acute collapse, lethargy, anorexia, and cyanosis. The torsed lung lobes were excised using a thoracoabdominal stapling device without detorsing the lobes. Both dogs recovered uneventfully, and at least one year postoperatively, no clinical abnormalities were noted by their owners. Results of this report suggest that spontaneous lung lobe torsion in pugs occurs and should be a differential diagnosis for pugs with increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, nonproductive cough, acute collapse, cyanosis, and lethargy. Surgical excision may be curative.

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Diósi, Lajos. "Gravity-related spontaneous wave function collapse in bulk matter." New Journal of Physics 16, no. 10 (2014): 105006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/10/105006.

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28

Wesson, J. A., A. W. Edwards, and R. S. Granetz. "Spontaneous m = 1 instability in the JET sawtooth collapse." Nuclear Fusion 31, no. 1 (1991): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/31/1/010.

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29

Birbamer, Günther, Wolfgang Buchberger, Stefan Felber, Andrea Posch, and Lothar Russegger. "Spontaneous Collapse of Posttraumatic Syringomyelia: Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging." European Neurology 33, no. 5 (1993): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000116975.

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Tumulka, Roderich. "On spontaneous wave function collapse and quantum field theory." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2070 (2006): 1897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2005.1636.

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One way of obtaining a version of quantum mechanics without observers, and thus of solving the paradoxes of quantum mechanics, is to modify the Schrödinger evolution by implementing spontaneous collapses of the wave function. An explicit model of this kind was proposed in 1986 by Ghirardi, Rimini & Weber (GRW), involving a nonlinear, stochastic evolution of the wave function. We point out how, by focusing on the essential mathematical structure of the GRW model and a clear ontology, it can be generalized to (regularized) quantum field theories in a simple and natural way.

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Piscicchia, Kristian, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu та ін. "γ-ray high sensitivity tests of Collapse Models". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, № 1 (2021): 012167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012167.

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Abstract The article reviews our recent experimental results on the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) model and on the gravity related collapse model developed by Diósi and Penrose (DP). These models of dynamical reduction of the wave function consist in non-linear and stochastic modifications of the Schröedinger equation, which lead to a progressive breakdown of the superposition principle, as the size of the system increases. We performed a high sensitivity survey of the spontaneous radiation phenomenon, predicted by the collapse models, at the Gran Sasso underground National Laboratory of INFN in Italy. Our studies set the strongest bounds on the CSL parameters, in a broad region of the parameters space, and rule out the DP in its present formulation.

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Saleh-Gohari, Nasrollah, Helen E. Bryant, Niklas Schultz, Kayan M. Parker, Tobias N. Cassel, and Thomas Helleday. "Spontaneous Homologous Recombination Is Induced by Collapsed Replication Forks That Are Caused by Endogenous DNA Single-Strand Breaks." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 16 (2005): 7158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.16.7158-7169.2005.

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ABSTRACT Homologous recombination is vital to repair fatal DNA damage during DNA replication. However, very little is known about the substrates or repair pathways for homologous recombination in mammalian cells. Here, we have compared the recombination products produced spontaneously with those produced following induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) with the I-SceI restriction endonuclease or after stalling or collapsing replication forks following treatment with thymidine or camptothecin, respectively. We show that each lesion produces different spectra of recombinants, suggesting differential use of homologous recombination pathways in repair of these lesions. The spontaneous spectrum most resembled the spectra produced at collapsed replication forks formed when a replication fork runs into camptothecin-stabilized DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) within the topoisomerase I cleavage complex. We found that camptothecin-induced DSBs and the resulting recombination repair require replication, showing that a collapsed fork is the substrate for camptothecin-induced recombination. An SSB repair-defective cell line, EM9 with an XRCC1 mutation, has an increased number of spontaneous γH2Ax and RAD51 foci, suggesting that endogenous SSBs collapse replication forks, triggering recombination repair. Furthermore, we show that γH2Ax, DSBs, and RAD51 foci are synergistically induced in EM9 cells with camptothecin, suggesting that lack of SSB repair in EM9 causes more collapsed forks and more recombination repair. Furthermore, our results suggest that two-ended DSBs are rare substrates for spontaneous homologous recombination in a mammalian fibroblast cell line. Interestingly, all spectra showed evidence of multiple homologous recombination events in 8 to 16% of clones. However, there was no increase in homologous recombination genomewide in these clones nor were the events dependent on each other; rather, we suggest that a first homologous recombination event frequently triggers a second event at the same locus in mammalian cells.

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Singh, Tejinder P. "Space-time from Collapse of the Wave-function." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 74, no. 2 (2019): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2018-0477.

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AbstractWe propose that space-time results from collapse of the wave function of macroscopic objects, in quantum dynamics. We first argue that there ought to exist a formulation of quantum theory which does not refer to classical time. We then propose such a formulation by invoking an operator Minkowski space-time on the Hilbert space. We suggest relativistic spontaneous localisation as the mechanism for recovering classical space-time from the underlying theory. Quantum interference in time could be one possible signature for operator time, and in fact may have been already observed in the laboratory, on attosecond time scales. A possible prediction of our work seems to be that interference in time will not be seen for ‘time slit’ separations significantly larger than 100 attosecond, if the ideas of operator time and relativistic spontaneous localisation are correct.

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Scolari, Vittore F., and Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino. "Combined collapse by bridging and self-adhesion in a prototypical polymer model inspired by the bacterial nucleoid." Soft Matter 11, no. 9 (2015): 1677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02434f.

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35

Zheltukhin, A. A. "Inflation versus collapse in brane matter." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 36 (2017): 1750199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317501991.

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Mapping of fundamental branes to their worldsheet (ws) multiplets originating from spontaneous breaking of the Poincaré symmetry is studied. The interaction Lagrangian for fields of the Nambu–Goldstone multiplet is shown to encode [Formula: see text] gravity on the ws. The power law [Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text] gauge coupling [Formula: see text] as the function of the [Formula: see text]-brane tension [Formula: see text] is assumed. It points to the presence of asymptotic freedom and confinement phases in brane matter. Their connection with collapse and inflation of the branes is discussed.

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Kim, Taehwan, Shigeo Ichihashi, Amane Kozuki, et al. "Spontaneous Collapse of Balloon Expandable Stent in Heavily Calcified Aorta." Annals of Vascular Diseases 13, no. 2 (2020): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3400/avd.cr.20-00015.

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37

Schrinski, Björn, Klaus Hornberger, and Stefan Nimmrichter. "Sensing spontaneous collapse and decoherence with interfering Bose–Einstein condensates." Quantum Science and Technology 2, no. 4 (2017): 044010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa8682.

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38

Fu, Qijia. "Spontaneous radiation of free electrons in a nonrelativistic collapse model." Physical Review A 56, no. 3 (1997): 1806–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.56.1806.

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Joshi, Amit, Nirab Kayasth, Ritesh Sinha, and Bharat Prasad Singh. "Ahlback’s disease: Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the Knee." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 13, no. 2 (2015): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i2.13117.

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Ahlbäck disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by bone necrosis of a load-bearing portion of the femoral condyle, followed by subchondral fracture, subsequent segmental collapse and arthrosis. The diagnosis of the Ahlbäck disease is challenging as sometimes it mimics infection and receives treatment for long time. We report a case of 36 year old gentleman, who presented with confusing radiological picture.

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Mitsumata, Tetsu, Yusuke Kakiuchi, and Jun-Ichi Takimoto. "Fast Drug Release Using Rotational Motion of Magnetic Gel Beads." Research Letters in Physical Chemistry 2008 (March 26, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/671642.

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Accelerated drug release has been achieved by means of the fast rotation of magnetic gel beads. The magnetic gel bead consists of sodium alginate crosslinked by calcium chlorides, which contains barium ferrite of ferrimagnetic particles, and ketoprofen as a drug. The bead underwent rotational motion in response to rotational magnetic fields. In the case of bead without rotation, the amount of drug release into a phosphate buffer solution obeyed non-Fickian diffusion. The spontaneous drug release reached a saturation value of 0.90 mg at 25 minutes, which corresponds to 92% of the perfect release. The drug release was accelerated with increasing the rotation speed. The shortest time achieving the perfect release was approximately 3 minutes, which corresponds to 1/8 of the case without rotation. Simultaneous with the fast release, the bead collapsed probably due to the strong water flow surrounding the bead. The beads with high elasticity were hard to collapse and the fast release was not observed. Hence, the fast release of ketoprofen is triggered by the collapse of beads. Photographs of the collapse of beads, time profiles of the drug release, and a pulsatile release modulated by magnetic fields were presented.

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Skopek, Peter, N. R. Morgenstern, P. K. Robertson, and D. C. Sego. "Collapse of dry sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 6 (1994): 1008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-115.

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Loose cohesionless saturated materials have proved responsible for a number of serious or catastrophic flow slides. Liquefaction failures with no obvious triggering mechanism have also been recorded. This phenomenon of sudden liquefaction without a presence of cyclic shear stresses is often referred to as spontaneous or static liquefaction. Results from previously published studies suggest that liquefaction is triggered not by the undrained loading and generation of pore pressures but by the collapse of the metastàble sand structure, which in turn generates the driving pore pressures in a saturated material. Hence, the collapse is a characteristic response of a material to certain stress states rather than a result of some enforced undrained loading. This theory is evaluated on very loose dry Ottawa sand. It is shown that the very loose dry sand when subjected to a constant deviatoric stress path significantly changes its behavior at a certain discreet stress state, increases compressibility, and becomes increasingly unstable. This results in collapse – vigorous contraction of the specimen. This structural collapse appears to be equivalent to the pore-pressure generation in collapsing, very loose saturated sand. Key words : dry sand, collapse, liquefaction, stress path, triaxial cell.

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Amorós, Olga, Elisabet Domínguez, Sergio Santana, Nuria Vizcaino Reves, and Jordi Puig. "Pulmonary thrombosis with spontaneous pneumothorax." Veterinary Record Case Reports 7, no. 3 (2019): e000877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000877.

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A 12-year-old, neutered male Rough Collie was referred because of a 5-day history of lethargy and respiratory distress. A pneumothorax was detected on a right lateral radiography at the referring veterinary surgeon. Contrast-enhanced CT of the thorax was performed and a severe bilateral pneumothorax with a collapse of the left cranial lung lobe was observed. The underlying cause of the pneumothorax could not be found at that point and an exploratory thoracotomy was performed. The left cranial lung lobe had several perforations and a lobectomy was achieved. A thrombus obliterating a medium calibre artery and associated severe surrounding pulmonary necrosis were detected histologically.

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Pavlis, Theodoros, Charalampos Seretis, Stavros Gourgiotis, Paraskevi Aravosita, Christina Mystakelli, and Stavros Aloizos. "Spontaneous Rupture of Splenic Artery Aneurysm during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Report of an Extremely Rare Case and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/528051.

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Splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) occurs predominantly in women and the majority of them are asymptomatic until rupture. In cases of spontaneous rupture of an SAA, maternal and fetal mortality rates remain extremely high. Furthermore, the spontaneous ruptures of SAAs predominantly appear during the third trimester of pregnancy. We present the third known case of spontaneous SAA rupture during the first trimester of pregnancy, which manifested as sudden hypovolemic collapse and was successfully confronted with combined aggressive resuscitation and emergency surgical operation.

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Mendelevich, E. G., and Ch S. Nurullina. "Benign syringomyelia with the abortive type of the course." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 10, no. 3 (2018): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2018-3-91-96.

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Syringomyelia is a chronic disease with progressive cavitation and clinical presentations of spinal cord injury. The paper describes clinical cases of a rare benign variant of syringomyelia with spontaneous cavity collapse. The peculiarity of the described clinical cases is childhood-onset of the disease, lack of progression and/or development of myelopathic symptoms, and signs of syringomyelia cavity collapse according to magnetic resonance imaging findings. The authors designate this childhood-onset variant of the disease as abortive. The tendency towards collapse in the cavity in these patients may be due to a single pathogenetic mechanism, which is of interest for a further investigation.

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Ellis, Paul. "Chaos in the Underground: Spontaneous Collapse in a Tightly‐Coupled System." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 6, no. 3 (1998): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00083.

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Inuzuka, Hiroshi, Yutaka Torii, Masaaki Nagatsu, and Takashige Tsukishima. "Spontaneous collapse of double layers in a simple mirror confinement device." Physics of Fluids 30, no. 10 (1987): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866457.

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Albadr, Fahad B. "Silent Sinus Syndrome: Interesting Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 10 (June 18, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_62_2020.

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Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is the spontaneous unilateral collapse of the maxillary sinus and orbital floor with complete or partial opacification of the collapsed sinus. The key features in a patient who presents with SSS are painless progressive unilateral maxillary sinus disease in the absence of rhinosinusitis, trauma, or surgery. SSS is a rare disorder but could be under-diagnosed because of a lack of recognition. SSS is characterized by spontaneous and progressive enophthalmos (“sunken” eye-eye recession into the globe) and hypoglobus (globe displaced downward; and a drop in the pupillary level), so it is common for these patients to present first to an ophthalmologist. Although mostly observed in adults, there have been reports of SSS in children. SSS in younger individuals has characteristic clinical and radiologic signs with, in many cases, abnormal intranasal anatomic characteristics on the affected side. SSS should be differentiated from other causes of spontaneous enophthalmos, such as Parry-Romberg syndrome and linear scleroderma. The aim of this report was to alert the reader to the imaging findings in patients with SSS. This syndrome is well recognized by rhinologists and to a lesser extent to ophthalmologists but remains relatively unknown to general radiologists.

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Piscicchia, Kristian, Alessio Porcelli, Angelo Bassi, et al. "A Novel Approach to Parameter Determination of the Continuous Spontaneous Localization Collapse Model." Entropy 25, no. 2 (2023): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020295.

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Models of dynamical wave function collapse consistently describe the breakdown of the quantum superposition with the growing mass of the system by introducing non-linear and stochastic modifications to the standard Schrödinger dynamics. Among them, Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) was extensively investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Measurable consequences of the collapse phenomenon depend on different combinations of the phenomenological parameters of the model—the strength λ and the correlation length rC—and have led, so far, to the exclusion of regions of the admissible (λ−rC) parameters space. We developed a novel approach to disentangle the λ and rC probability density functions, which discloses a more profound statistical insight.

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SOLOMON, SORIN, and MOSHE LEVY. "SPONTANEOUS SCALING EMERGENCE IN GENERIC STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 07, no. 05 (1996): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183196000624.

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We extend a generic class of systems which have previously been shown to spontaneously develop scaling (power law) distributions of their elementary degrees of freedom. While the previous systems were linear and exploded exponentially for certain parameter ranges, the new systems fulfill nonlinear time evolution equations similar to the ones encountered in Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) dynamics and evolve spontaneously towards "fixed trajectories" indexed by the average value of their degrees of freedom (which corresponds to the SSB order parameter). The "fixed trajectories" dynamics evolves on the edge between explosion and collapse/extinction. The systems present power laws with exponents which in a wide range (α < –2.) are universally determined by the ratio between the minimal and the average values of the degrees of freedom. The time fluctuations are governed by Levy distributions of corresponding power. For exponents α > −2 there is no "thermodynamic limit" and the fluctuations are dominated by a few, largest degrees of freedom which leads to macroscopic fluctuations, chaos, and bursts/intermittency.

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Thakkar, Yash, Arun Fernandes, Saurabh Mohite, and Deepak Phalgune. "Spontaneous combustile pneumoperitoneum." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 6 (2019): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20192398.

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Fire and explosions in the operation theatre during surgery in the era of cautery usage have been reported since many years. Significant complications or death can ensue as a result of such fires or explosions and surgeons should be aware of these hazards. A 38 year old female patient on the 6th day of admission, developed abdominal distension. Patient was managed conservatively with flatus tube insertion and serial x-ray monitoring. On the 8th day, repeat x-ray showed gas under diaphragm. Emergency laparotomy was undertaken. On opening the peritoneum using cautery, a hissing escape of gas was heard and this caught fire. On attempting to stem gas flow from the peritoneal hole, the operating surgeon sustained burn to his index finger and the glove melted. The peritoneal cavity was surprisingly free of any spilled contents. Small bowel was opened through a small enterotomy and decompressed. The colon steadfastly refused to collapse. This necessitated a transverse colotomy which, after decompression, was converted into a loop transverse colostomy. She underwent colonoscopy after three weeks wherein the colon was found to be free of any obstruction. The colostomy was closed. If there is free gas on entering a peritoneum, it will be wiser to avoid electro surgery. Instead, scissors or a scalpel should be used.

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