Journal articles: 'Spontaneous approaches'

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Egorova, Olga Nikolayevna, B. S. Belov, and Ю. А. Карпова. "SPONTANEOUS PANNICULITIS: MODERN THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES." Rheumatology Science and Practice, no. 5 (October 15, 2012): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2012-1191.

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de Montjoye, Laurence, Anne Herman, Jean-François Nicolas, and Marie Baeck. "Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: Immunomodulatory approaches." Clinical Immunology 190 (May 2018): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.004.

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Sun, Xing, Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll, and Haiyan Wang. "Spontaneous Ordering of Oxide-Oxide Epitaxial Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films." Annual Review of Materials Research 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-091719-112806.

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The emerging field of self-assembled vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin films effectively enables strain, interface, and microstructure engineering as well as (multi)functional improvements in electric, magnetic, optical, and energy-related properties. Well-ordered or patterned microstructures not only empower VAN thin films with many new functionalities but also enable VAN thin films to be used in nanoscale devices. Comparative ordered devices formed via templating methods suffer from critical drawbacks of processing complexity and potential contamination. Therefore, VAN thin films with spontaneous ordering stand out and display many appealing features for next-generation technological devices, such as electronics, optoelectronics, ultrahigh-density memory systems, photonics, and 3D microbatteries. The spontaneous ordering described in this review contains ordered/patterned structures in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. In particular, approaches to obtaining spontaneously ordered/patterned structures in-plane are systematically reviewedfrom both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Out-of-plane ordering is also discussed in detail. In addition to reviewing the progress of VAN films with spontaneous ordering, this article also highlights some recent developments in spontaneous ordering approaches and proposes future directions.

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LEWIS, S. C. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY - APPLICATION TO SPONTANEOUS REPORTING." Statistics in Medicine 15, no. 13 (July 15, 1996): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19960715)15:13<1464::aid-sim328>3.0.co;2-#.

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Stone, Elizabeth F., Fernanda Carvalho Poyraz, and David J. Roh. "Transfusion medicine approaches for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients." Current Opinion in Critical Care 29, no. 2 (April 2023): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcc.0000000000001027.

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Mohamed, Mundhir Said, and Ramadhani Omari Abdalla. "Spontaneous Lumbar Hernia: A Case Report." Annals of African Surgery 20, no. 3 (August 7, 2023): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aas.v20i3.5.

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Lumbar hernias are rare, and the diagnosis can be easily missed. Acquired lumbar hernias can occur spontaneously; however, they are increasingly being reported due to trauma or flank surgery. A good history and examination can aid in diagnosis with imaging confirming the condition. Hernia repair can be laparoscopic or through open surgical approaches. We report a case of primary spontaneous lumbar hernia which was managed by an open approach to close the defect with retromuscular mesh placement.

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Abd Elaal, Mohammad M., Sahar G. Zaghloul, Hoda Gouda Bakr, Mahmmoud Abdou Ashour, Hoda Abdel-Aziz-El-Hady, Naglaa Ali Khalifa, and Ghada E. Amr. "Evaluation of different therapeutic approaches for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis." Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 13, no. 2 (June 2012): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajg.2012.06.003.

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YEO, LESLIE Y., and HSUEH-CHIA CHANG. "STATIC AND SPONTANEOUS ELECTROWETTING." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 12 (May 30, 2005): 549–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905008542.

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There has been recent renewed interest in electrocapillary and electrowetting phenomena given its potential for microfluidic actuation and manipulation. Different approaches, in which a variety of electrode configurations have been adopted, however, have dominated the developments in this field. These different approaches have given rise to rich and varied behavior, which has often led to some overlap and confusion in the literature. In this article, we delineate the different observations and elucidate the relationship between these phenomena by re-stressing classical concepts and examining their limitations. Particular emphasis is placed on the distinction between static and spontaneous electrowetting. In the former, a static change in the liquid–solid macroscopic contact angle results when a dielectric film-coated planar plate electrode is employed. In the latter, a spontaneous thin fron-t-running electrowetting film is pulled out ahead of the macroscopic drop with the use of planar parallel line electrodes. This dynamically evolving electrowetting film advances much faster than the macroscopic drop itself and behaves in a self-similar manner analogous to gravity spreading films.

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Alvarez, Marlen, Dian Dowling Evans, and Paula Tucker. "Spontaneous Pneumothorax." Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal 45, no. 3 (July 2023): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tme.0000000000000465.

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The Research to Practice column critiques a current research article and translates the findings, in the context of a case, to a practice change within emergency settings. This article reviews the findings of a randomized controlled trial conducted by A. Theille et al. (2017) comparing the use of needle decompression versus chest tube insertion for management of spontaneous pneumothorax. The study found that use of needle aspiration was safe and effective and was associated with fewer procedure-related complications and significantly shorter hospital stays. The investigators concluded that needle aspiration be used as a first-line, definitive treatment in management of a spontaneous pneumothorax. As emergency providers examine improved and equally effective approaches to care that are associated with less costs and potential complications, needle aspiration offers a beneficial approach and should be shared with patients when discussing treatment options to ensure shared decision making.

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Stepanchenko, K. A., V. H. Marchenko, Yu V. Shmatko, and O. B. Bondar. "Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (a literature review)." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 24, no. 2 (April 4, 2022): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2022.2.235648.

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The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize the existing evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs due to a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume as a result of its spontaneous leakage and has a variety of clinical and neuroimaging features, sometimes different from CSF hypotension after a lumbar puncture. Anatomical changes in spontaneous CSF leakage are complex and are often associated with structural disorders of the connective tissue, weakness of certain areas of the dura mater and its diverticulosis. One consequence of decreased CSF volume is brain descent. This leads to traction of pain-sensitive brain structures and, therefore, to headaches that are orthostatic or with some orthostatic features. The methods of choice to identify the site of CSF leak are CT-myelography and radioisotope cisternography. Epidural blood patch is the main treatment in most cases. Conclusions. The study on the most informative and minimally invasive methods to locate the site of CSF leak, conservative and surgical methods of treatment efficacy evaluation depending on the etiological factors of spontaneous intracranial hypotension are extremely important and promising scientific fields requiring further research with the development of personalized approaches considering the individual characteristics of each patient.

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Choi, Ji Yoon, and Oh Jung Kwon. "Approaches to the Management of Spontaneous Isolated Visceral Artery Dissection." Annals of Vascular Surgery 27, no. 6 (August 2013): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2012.09.016.

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Lednev, A. N., A. A. Pechetov, A. V. Kozhanova, N. V. Gulova, and D. A. Volchansky. "Soft tissue emphysema in spontaneous pneumothorax. Features of medical approaches." Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova, no. 8 (2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia202308181.

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Simsek, Emrah, Hasan Yilmaz, Kerem Teke, Ali Kemal Uslubas, and Mustafa Yuksekkaya. "Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Haematoma due to Polyarteritis Nodosa: Report of a Case and Literature Review." Case Reports in Urology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7592563.

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Retroperitoneal haematoma is a rare clinical entity with variable etiology. It can happen spontaneously, without any obvious precipitating factors, the so-called spontaneous retroperitoneal haematoma. There is no general consensus as to the best management plan for patients with retroperitoneal haematoma. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare cause of retroperitoneal haematoma. Here we report relationship between PAN and retroperitoneal haematoma and treatment approaches. However, an accepted and clearly defined treatment has not been established due to its rarity.

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Danciu, Bianca Mihaela, Marina Ruxandra Oţelea, Marian Augustin Marincaş, Maria Niţescu, and Anca Angela Simionescu. "Is Spontaneous Preterm Prelabor of Membrane Rupture Irreversible? A Review of Potentially Curative Approaches." Biomedicines 11, no. 7 (July 4, 2023): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071900.

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There is still no curative treatment for the spontaneous preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (sPPROM), the main cause of premature birth. Here, we summarize the most recent methods and materials used for sealing membranes after sPPROM. A literature search was conducted between 2013 and 2023 on reported newborns after membranes were sealed or on animal or tissue culture models. Fourteen studies describing the outcomes after using an amniopatch, an immunologic sealant, or a mechanical cervical adapter were included. According to these studies, an increase in the volume of amniotic fluid and the lack of chorioamnionitis demonstrate a favorable neonatal outcome, with a lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and early neonatal sepsis, even if sealing is not complete and stable. In vivo and in vitro models demonstrated that amniotic stem cells, in combination with amniocytes, can spontaneously repair small defects; because of the heterogenicity of the data, it is too early to draw a thoughtful conclusion. Future therapies should focus on materials and methods for sealing fetal membranes that are biocompatible, absorbable, available, easy to apply, and easily adherent to the fetal membrane.

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Carlip, S. "Spontaneous dimensional reduction in quantum gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 12 (October 2016): 1643003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816430033.

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Hints from a number of different approaches to quantum gravity point to a phenomenon of “spontaneous dimensional reduction” to two spacetime dimensions near the Planck scale. I examine the physical meaning of the term “dimension” in this context, summarize the evidence for dimensional reduction, and discuss possible physical explanations.

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Steriopolo, Olena. "A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF PREPARED AND SPONTANEOUS SPEECH." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2021, no. 32 (2021): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-9.

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The article reveals the methodology of developing and conducting an experimental phonetic analysis of speech which will facilitate the usage of substantiated approaches to collect material and describe it from different viewpoints. It illustrates a wide potential of valid approaches to phonetic investigations, as well as equips researchers with knowledge of how to correctly plan all the stages of a specific analysis, which will ultimately help them to avoid speculative assertions; instead, it offers an objective criterion of assessing the validity of the obtained results.

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Nunes, Ana, and António Teixeira. "Spontaneous emotional speech in European Portuguese using feeltrace system – first approaches." Journal of Speech Sciences 2, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 137–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v2i2.15037.

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The present work studies spontaneous emotional speech in European Portuguese, comparing the values obtained in measuring acoustic parameters in this study with the ones known for other languages and for simulated. The spontaneous expression of emotions recorded in the street or from television programs may bring very relevant results, but even in those situations it is difficult to determine the individual’s true emotion (it is often only possible to be identify through the context) (Patrick, 2008). The main focus of our study is on voice related parameters such as F0, jitter, shimmer and HNR that will be liable to compare with previous studies of emotions produced by an actor. Using the Feeltrace system it is possible to better describe the sensation caused by the stimuli (in any of the emotions in question) and describe in more dynamic manner the emotion. We also realize that, although the emotions produced by actors show some differences, because they are necessarily exaggerated, the parameter values are all very similar, valuing the studies that are usually obtained based on utterances produced by performers. Given the scarcity of studies on voice quality in European Portuguese, it is important to highlight that this work presents an original corpus specifically created for this study. We recognize the limitations of the presented research seeing the results as first approaches that must be deeply studied being important to areas such as robotics and health technology.

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Denysenko, O. I. "Modern approaches to treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria in adult patients." Ukrainian Journal of Dermatology, Venerology, Cosmetology, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/ujdvk2020-2-34.

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Mohammadmoradi, Peyman, and Apostolos Kantzas. "Modelling shale spontaneous water intake using semi‐analytical and numerical approaches." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 97, S1 (December 7, 2018): 1627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.23341.

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Fayzullayevna, Usmanova Munira. "MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DETECTION OF HEMOLYTIC DISEASE IN NEWBORNS." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-04-53.

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in our country, the number of pregnant women with rhesus sensibility every year remains unchanged and does not have a downward trend. This is due to insufficient prophylaxis after the termination of pregnancy (spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, the birth of a rhesus-positive fetus) with the use of immunoglobulin against antiretroviruses. Previously effective methods of treatment, such as desensitization of antigens, plasmapheresis, hemosorption and intravenous administration of immunoglobulins, have only historical significance.

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Ichikawa, Jun, Keisuke Fujii, Takayuki Nagai, Takashi Omori, and Natsuki Oka. "Quantitative analysis of spontaneous sociality in children’s group behavior during nursery activity." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): e0246041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246041.

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Sociality is the tendency to spontaneously interact with others to establish and maintain relationships. Some approaches, including questionnaires, tests, controlled experiments, and qualitative field research, cannot capture complex social interactions, such as in children during nursery activities, because of problems with ecological validity and the labor cost of analysis. Here, we introduced a new methodology for the quantitative analysis of spontaneous social movement and investigated children’s group behavior using position data. We periodically visited a nursery and recorded videos of eurhythmics, in which children move in tune with music, in different classes. The results revealed that children in the six-year-old class approached others in a short period of time (within one second) and established group behavior like that in a game of tag. It can be interpreted that such social behavior may include actions related to the cognition of anticipating others’ behaviors in a complex situation. Although only a small amount of data could be acquired, this study suggests one of the characteristics of social behaviors in the classroom considering an ecological approach.

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Tabaee, Abtin, Vijay K. Anand, Paolo Cappabianca, Aldo Stamm, Felice Esposito, and Theodore H. Schwartz. "Endoscopic management of spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the lateral sphenoid sinus." Journal of Neurosurgery 112, no. 5 (May 2010): 1070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.7.jns0842.

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Object Spontaneous meningoencephaloceles of the lateral sphenoid sinus are rare lesions that are hypothesized to result from persistence of the lateral craniopharyngeal canal. Prior reports of the management of this lesion have been limited by its relative rarity. The objective of this paper is to report the theoretical etiology, surgical technique, and outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic repair of spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the sphenoid sinus. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of a multiinstitutional series of 13 cases involving patients who underwent endoscopic repair of spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the lateral sphenoid sinus. The surgical technique and pathophysiological considerations are discussed. Results The clinical manifestations included CSF rhinorrhea (85%), chronic headache (77%), and a history of meningitis (15%). The endoscopic approaches to the lateral sphenoid sinus were transnasal (39%), transpterygoid (23%), and transethmoid (39%). Two patients (8%) had postoperative CSF leaks, one of which closed spontaneously and one of which required revision endoscopic closure. All patients were free of leak at most recent follow-up. One patient experienced postoperative meningitis in the early postoperative period. Conclusions Endoscopic endonasal closure is an effective modality in the treatment of spontaneous meningoencephaloceles of the lateral sphenoid sinus. If the sphenoid sinus has extensive lateral pneumatization, adequate exposure may require a transpterygoid approach.

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Asetskaya, I. L., V. A. Polivanov, and S. K. Zyryanov. "Methodological Approaches to Studying Fatal Adverse Drug Reactions." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 10, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2022-10-4-381-395.

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Serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to medicinal products can cause death. It is an immediate challenge for modern medicine to prevent the possibility of this outcome and to improve the safety of pharmacotherapy. The aim of this study was to identify and analyse the main methodological approaches to studying the prevalence, patterns, and risk factors of fatal ADRs. The authors identified three main methods for studying such reactions: analysis of death certificates, monitoring of spontaneous reports, and review of clinical trials with a particular focus on safety. Each of these methods has its advantages and limitations. Clinical trials provide the most accurate information on the prevalence of fatal ADRs. For inpatients, this value ranged from 0.05 to 0.95% of the total number of hospital admissions. Data from death certificates may be particularly useful for identifying the groups of medicinal products posing a high risk of death and for making longitudinal comparisons. Monitoring of spontaneous reports is very effective in rapidly identifying fatal adverse reactions to new medicinal products. According to the authors, not only the choice of a data collection method, but also its application can affect the results of an ADR study. It was noted that the data varied across clinical trials conducted in different countries. Such variations indicate the importance of studying the problem of fatal ADRs at the national level, as well as the need for initiating such studies in the Russian Federation.

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Lin, Chuanzhao, and Olga V. Smirnova. "The media presentation of political leaders: research approaches." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 25, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2020-25-4-766-774.

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The media representation of the activities of political leaders in the media is not well studied in science currently. The article fills this theoretical gap by examining existing scientific research and the approaches to the representation of politicians reflected in various sources. The purpose of the paper is to show what approaches to the representation of the activities of political leaders exist in the modern theory of media representation. The article examines the main research approaches to the media representation of political leaders. Since journalism creates political discourse, partly spontaneously and partly deliberately, there are many approaches to representing the activities of political leaders in the media. Given that some of the content about political leaders is created spontaneously, research approaches that describe a more thoughtful approach to generating political content in the media are especially interesting in this study. In Russian scientific research, there are no classifications of research approaches to the representation of the activities of political leaders; accordingly, this research has a novelty. Moreover, the study is one of the first on the topic of media presentation of the activities of political leaders. This process and its results are poorly covered in Russian science. The paper uses methods of classification and comparative analysis. A classification of approaches used in various sciences and describes the specifics of media presentation is proposed. The classification is based on the idea that media representation is an important social process that is comprehended not only in the theory of journalism. The comparative analysis is carried out when comparing theories of media representation. The conclusion is made that such an approach as modeling is the most interesting from a practical point of view; modeling helps to increase the responsibility of journalists and a more conscious approach to representing the political life of society. Modeling the representation of the activities of political leaders suggests that the creation of content about political leaders will become less spontaneous, more orderly. Modeling can help create a benchmark for a more adequate representation of the activities of political leaders.

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Orzan, Olguța Anca, Liliana Gabriela Popa, Mara Mădălina Mihai, Anca Cojocaru, Călin Giurcăneanu, and Alexandra Maria Dorobanțu. "Current and Future Approaches in Management of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Using Anti-IgE Antibodies." Medicina 58, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060816.

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Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) considerably alters patients’ quality of life, often for extended periods, due to pruriginous skin lesions, impaired sleep, unexpected development of angioedema, and failure of conventional treatments in properly controlling signs and symptoms. Recent research focused on the development of new therapeutic agents with higher efficacy. Although the production of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against certain allergens is not a characteristic of the disease, treatment with omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, proved efficient and safe in patients with moderate to severe chronic spontaneous urticaria uncontrolled by H1-antihistamines. Ligelizumab, a high-affinity monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, may also efficiently relieve symptoms of unresponsive chronic urticaria to standard therapies. This comprehensive review aims to present recently acquired knowledge on managing chronic spontaneous urticaria with new anti-IgE antibodies. We conducted extensive research on the main databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) with no restrictions on the years covered, using the search terms “anti-IgE antibodies”, “omalizumab”, “ligelizumab”, and “chronic spontaneous urticaria”. The inclusion criteria were English written articles, and the exclusion criteria were animal-related studies. ClinicalTrials.gov was also reviewed for recent relevant clinical trials related to CSU treatment. CSU is a challenging disease with a significant effect on patients’ quality of life. Current therapies often fail to control signs and symptoms, and additional treatment is needed. New biologic therapies against IgE antibodies and FcεRIα receptors are currently under investigation in advanced clinical trials. We reviewed recently published data on CSU management using these novel treatments. The development of new and improved treatments for CSU will lead to a more personalized therapeutical approach for patients and provide guidance for physicians in better understanding disease mechanisms. However, some agents are still in clinical trials, and more research is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of these treatments.

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Lozano-Baez, Sergio Esteban, José Ignacio Barrera-Cataño, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Yamileth Domínguez-Haydar, and Paula Meli. "Forest restoration after alluvial gold mining can recover vegetation structure. A case study in Colombia." Biota Colombiana 23, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): e969. http://dx.doi.org/10.21068/2539200x.969.

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Technical reclamation and spontaneous succession (passive restoration) are the two main approaches for restoring post-mining sites worldwide. Despite substantial differences between both approaches, little is known regarding how they differ in terms of ecological outcomes. We assessed and compared the vegetation structure and composition in one spontaneous succession forest that is 29 years old, two technically reclaimed forests that are 2 and 10 years old after alluvial gold mining, and one old-growth reference forest in northeastern Antioquia, Colombia. We sampled trees and saplings establishing three Modified-Whittaker Plots in each site. We measured tree basal area, canopy cover, vegetation height, tree density, and species richness. Vegetation structure and composition differed considerably among restoration approaches. Species richness was significantly greater in the spontaneous succession forest than at the other sites. Similarly, technical reclamation significantly increased the vegetation attributes after 10 years, reaching values similar to the reference forest. We underscore the importance of fast-growth planted species (Acacia mangium, Samanea saman, and Schizolobium parahyba) to revegetate mining degraded lands.

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Honarbakhsh, Shohreh, Rui Providencia, and Pier D. Lambiase. "Risk Stratification in Brugada Syndrome: Current Status and Emerging Approaches." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 7, no. 2 (2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/aer.2018.2.2.

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Brugada syndrome (BrS) is one of the most common inherited channelopathies associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Appropriate use of an ICD in high-risk patients is life-saving. However, there remains a lack of consensus on risk stratification, and even on the diagnosis of BrS itself. Some argue that people with a type 1 Brugada ECG pattern but no symptoms should not be diagnosed with BrS, and guidelines recommend observation without therapy in these patients. Others argue that the presence of a spontaneous (rather than drug-induced) type 1 ECG pattern alone is enough to label them as high-risk for arrhythmic events, particularly if syncope is also present. Syncope and a spontaneous type 1 ECG pattern are the only factors that have consistently been shown to predict ventricular arrhythmic events and sudden cardiac death. Other markers have yielded conflicting data. However, in combination they may have roles in risk scoring models. Epicardial catheter ablation in the right ventricular outflow tract has shown promise in studies as an alternative management option to an ICD, but longer follow-up is required to ensure that the ablation effect is permanent.

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Nil Gulari, Melehat, and Cecilia Zecca. "Cyprus dispute: Between contested territories and spontaneous reappropriation." Astrágalo. Cultura de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad, no. 29 (2021): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/astragalo.2021.i29.09.

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This paper discusses the concepts of conflict and border in relation to place and identity reflecting on narratives and meanings of dividing urban and civil borders. It takes the divided Greek and Turkish society living in Nicosia as a case study. The significance of the wall, as an explicit expression of division, is discussed but also overturned by looking at its closure and its permeability when Nicosia’s sealed borders opened again for everyday crossing. The inquiry speculates an alternative path informed by Glissant’s concept of Opacity, Agamben and Nancy’s non-essentialist approaches non-community to look at entangled deep-rooted ethnic divisions and fragments of shared cultures. To inform urban epistemology, two bottom-up examples are analysed using De Certeau’s concepts of everyday life: Home for Cooperation, which is a neutral space in the buffer zone for unified collectively and Occupy Buffer-zone Movement, which has occupied a non-place and transformed it into a public square through grassroots activism. The paper highlights that in order to draw a feasible future of Cyprus, an anti-essentialist acceptance of the multiple and eclectic origins of the context is needed. In this sense, the tangible and intangible meaning of division requires a shift of meaning, from delimitation, classification, separation to a porous element of balance and calibration. The top-down urban models and concept of inclusiveness have been shaken by the temporal civic grassroots communities, and this demonstrates that collective participation fosters the reappropriation of public space, overturning the perception and the experience of the border of differences. This contributes to theorizing a critical and reflective,rather than idealistic, practice of participation in urban design.

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Korotkaya, Mariya. "New approaches in the study of competition: complexity theory." KANT 36, no. 3 (September 2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-36.10.

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Competition has taken a rightful position in the subject field of modern economic science, based on traditional methods of research. New interdisciplinary theories emerged, such as complexity theory, aggregating synergies and chaos theory, autopoeus is theory and the theory of stable unbalanced systems and dissipative structures with other theoretic and methodological approaches. allows a new open to competition as a self-organized, dissipatative substance, having a spontaneous complication of its endogenous structures, as a tense, dynamic, autistic process, initially accumulating various alternatives.

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Chai, Casey M., Matei A. Banu, William Cobb, Neel Mehta, Linda Heier, and John A. Boockvar. "Novel hydrogel application in minimally invasive surgical approaches to spontaneous intracranial hypotension." Journal of Neurosurgery 121, no. 4 (October 2014): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.6.jns13714.

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The authors report 2 cases of orthostatic headaches associated with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) secondary to CSF leaks that were successfully treated with an alternative dural repair technique in which a tubular retractor system and a hydrogel dural sealant were used. The 2 patients, a 63-year-old man and a 45-year-old woman, presented with orthostatic headache associated with SIH secondary to suspected lumbar and lower cervical CSF leaks, respectively, as indicated by bony defects or epidural fluid collection. Epidural blood patch repair failed in both cases, but both were successfully treated with the minimally invasive application of a hydrogel dural sealant as a novel adjunct to traditional dural repair techniques. Both patients tolerated the procedure well. Moreover, SIH symptoms and MRI signs were completely resolved at 1-month follow-up in both patients. The minimally invasive dural repair procedure with hydrogel dural sealant described here offers a viable alternative in patients in whom epidural blood patches have failed, with obscure recalcitrant CSF leaks at the cervical as well as lumbar spinal level. The authors demonstrate that the adjuvant use of sealant is a safe and efficient repair method regardless of dural defect location.

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Vidal-González, Judit, Sergi Quiroga, Macarena Simón-Talero, and Joan Genescà. "Spontaneous portosystemic shunts in liver cirrhosis: new approaches to an old problem." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 13 (January 2020): 175628482096128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284820961287.

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Portal hypertension is the main consequence of liver cirrhosis, leading to severe complications such as variceal hemorrhage, ascites or hepatic encephalopathy. As an attempt to decompress the portal venous system, portal flow is derived into the systemic venous system through spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSSs), bypassing the liver. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the published reports in relation to the prevalence and physiopathology behind the appearance of SPSS in liver cirrhosis, as well as the complications derived from its formation and its management. The role of SPSS embolization is specifically discussed, as SPSSs have been assessed as a therapeutic target, mainly for patients with recurrent/persistent hepatic encephalopathy and preserved liver function. Furthermore, different aspects of the role of SPSS in liver transplantation, as well as in candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are reviewed. In these settings, SPSS occlusion has been proposed to minimize possible deleterious effects, but results are so far inconclusive.

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Sutedja, T. G., J. C. E. Braber, J. C. Mourik, and P. E. Postmus. "RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX." Journal of Bronchology 3, no. 3 (July 1996): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00128594-199607000-00059.

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Almomani, Ahmed, Syed Gilani, Wissam Khalife, and Abdel Al Emam. "Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: One Disease, Variable Presentations, and Different Management Approaches." International Journal of Angiology 25, no. 03 (September 14, 2015): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1563604.

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Konsta, E., V. Kitsiou, K. Psarra, V. Kapsimali, Th Athanassiades, D. Kouniaki, K. Tarassi, et al. "Two approaches to define NK cells receptors in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 81, no. 2 (September 2009): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2009.06.204.

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Gorini, Alessandra, Mattia Giuliani, Giulia Marton, Laura Vergani, Simone Barbieri, Fabrizio Veglia, and Elena Tremoli. "Spontaneous Participation in Secondary Prevention Programs: The Role of Psychosocial Predictors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 6298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176298.

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Disease prevention is a multifaceted construct that has been widely studied. Nevertheless, in spite of its importance, it is still not sufficiently considered by the general population. Since the reasons for this lack of consideration are not yet fully understood, we created an Online Prevention Survey (OPS) to investigate the role of both sociodemographic and psychological factors in predicting individuals’ spontaneous participation in secondary prevention programs. The results revealed that younger people, men, manual workers, unemployed people, and those who do not regularly practise physical activity were less likely to spontaneously participate in such programs. Furthermore, an analysis of the psychological determinants of the willingness to participate in secondary prevention programs showed that depressive symptoms negatively predict it, while an individual’s perception of receiving high social support acts as a positive predictor. Based on these results, we suggest the need for implementing new tailored approaches to promote prevention initiatives to those segments of the population which are more reluctant to spontaneously undertake prevention paths.

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Ohtake, Toshihiro. "Bottom-up approaches for material and device designing using practical aspects of self-assembled molecular architectures." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 3, no. 5 (2018): 804–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8me00020d.

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Koch, Alex, Nicolas Kervyn, Matthieu Kervyn, and Roland Imhoff. "Studying the Cognitive Map of the U.S. States." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 5 (August 3, 2017): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617715070.

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What are the spontaneous stereotypes that U.S. citizens hold about the U.S. states? We complemented insights from theory-driven approaches to this question with insights from a novel data-driven approach. Based on pile sorting and spatial arrangement similarity ratings for the states, we computed two cognitive maps of the states. Based on ratings for the states on ∼20 candidate dimensions, we interpreted the dimensions that spanned the two maps (Studies 1 and 2). Consistent with the agency/socioeconomic success, conservative-progressive beliefs, and communion (ABC) model of spontaneous stereotypes, these dimensions that participants spontaneously used to rate the states’ similarity included prosperity (A) and ideology (B) stereotypes (states seen as more liberal and atheist were seen as more educated and wealthy). Study 3 showed that states seen as more average on A and B were stereotyped as more likable. Additionally, Study 3 showed that interstate similarity in stereotypic ideology and prosperity mattered, as it predicted interstate prejudice.

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Borges Moreira, Bárbara Cecília, Alexandre Fernandes de Azevedo, and Mirian Cabral Moreira de Castro. "Spontaneous temporal cerebrospinal fluid leak." Journal of Otolaryngology-ENT Research 13, no. 2 (2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/joentr.2021.13.00485.

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Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks of the temporal bone are uncommon conditions, but with increasing incidence in the last years. They represent the osteodural defect of the middle and posterior fossae floor with consequent communication between the subarachnoid space and the middle ear and mastoid cells, not associated with a history of trauma, chronic infections, tumors, surgery or irradiation. Physiopathogenesis is not well defined, being associated with the faulty development of the temporal bone and/or the presence of aberrant arachnoid granulations, in addition to being favored by idiopathic intracranial hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea and obesity. It has the potential for serious neurological complications, which is why surgical treatment is recommended. The main approaches involve transmastoid access and craniotomy access through the middle fossa, or a combination of both. This paper reports on a case attended at Grupo Santa Casa BH and performs a literature review and on aspects related to the clinical presentation and management of the condition.

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Wridt, Pamela, John E. Seley, Scott Fisher, and Bryce DuBois. "Participatory Mapping Approaches to Coordinate the Emergency Response of Spontaneous Volunteers After Hurricane Sandy." International Journal of E-Planning Research 3, no. 3 (July 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2014070101.

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This article demonstrates the potential of participatory mapping approaches to coordinate spontaneous volunteers and assist government agencies and humanitarian organizations in emergency contexts. The research focuses on one case study of a volunteer mapping project in the Rockaways in New York City to help communicate the needs reported by community members to outsiders after Hurricane Sandy. The map proved to be helpful in the coordination of relief efforts by volunteers and in understanding the variety of groups involved in emergency response. However, the map could not be sustained for long-term community recovery. The research offers new evidence of the potential contributions of spontaneous volunteers that can be leveraged, replicated and improved upon for future disaster planning and response. It also highlights the importance of volunteered geographic information in ensuring that emergency response is guided by the needs reported by citizens themselves, even if they do not have access to technology.

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Wang, Qiu-Wen, Ying-Han Wang, Bing Wang, Yun Chen, Si-Yao Lu, and Jun Yao. "Synaptotagmin-7–mediated activation of spontaneous NMDAR currents is disrupted in bipolar disorder susceptibility variants." PLOS Biology 19, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): e3001323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001323.

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Synaptotagmin-7 (Syt7) plays direct or redundant Ca2+ sensor roles in multiple forms of vesicle exocytosis in synapses. Here, we show that Syt7 is a redundant Ca2+ sensor with Syt1/Doc2 to drive spontaneous glutamate release, which functions uniquely to activate the postsynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDARs that significantly contribute to mental illness. In mouse hippocampal neurons lacking Syt1/Doc2, Syt7 inactivation largely diminishes spontaneous release. Using 2 approaches, including measuring Ca2+ dose response and substituting extracellular Ca2+ with Sr2+, we detect that Syt7 directly triggers spontaneous release via its Ca2+ binding motif to activate GluN2B-NMDARs. Furthermore, modifying the localization of Syt7 in the active zone still allows Syt7 to drive spontaneous release, but the GluN2B-NMDAR activity is abolished. Finally, Syt7 SNPs identified in bipolar disorder patients destroy the function of Syt7 in spontaneous release in patient iPSC-derived and mouse hippocampal neurons. Therefore, Syt7 could contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders through driving spontaneous glutamate release.

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Go, Usho, Kazunori Miyata, Masaru Fujita, Takashi Ohide, and Tsuyoshi Mitsuishi. "Spontaneous Regression of Annular Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report." Case Reports in Dermatology 11, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500711.

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We herein present a case of annular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with spontaneous regression on the right temporal region of a 56-year-old Japanese male. Histopathological examination revealed that the central section had no tumor cells. The sweat glands, follicles, and other cutaneous appendages were also absent. This pattern of spontaneous regression is quite uncommon, and understanding the histopathology may be important for future approaches to BCC.

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Noreña, Arnaud J. "Revisiting the Cochlear and Central Mechanisms of Tinnitus and Therapeutic Approaches." Audiology and Neurotology 20, Suppl. 1 (2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000380749.

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This short review aims at revisiting some of the putative mechanisms of tinnitus. Cochlear-type tinnitus is suggested to result from aberrant activity generated before or at the cochlear nerve level. It is proposed that outer hair cells, through their role in regulating the endocochlear potential, can contribute to the enhancement of cochlear spontaneous activity. This hypothesis is attractive as it provides a possible explanation for cochlear tinnitus of different aetiologies, such as tinnitus produced by acute noise trauma, intense low-frequency sounds, middle-ear dysfunction or temporomandibular joint disorders. Other mechanisms, namely an excitatory drift in the operating point of the inner hair cells and activation of NMDA receptors, are also briefly reported. Central-type tinnitus is supposed to result from aberrant activity generated in auditory centres, i.e. in these patients, the tinnitus-related activity does not pre-exist in the cochlear nerve. A reduction in cochlear activity due to hearing loss is suggested to produce tinnitus-related plastic changes, namely cortical reorganisation, thalamic neuron hyperpolarisation, facilitation of non-auditory inputs and/or increase in central gain. These central changes can be associated with abnormal patterns of spontaneous activity in the auditory pathway, i.e. hyperactivity, hypersynchrony and/or oscillating activity. Therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing cochlear activity and/or tinnitus-related central changes are discussed.

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Reynolds, J. M., A. Tomkinson, R. G. Grigg, and C. F. Perry. "A Le Fort I osteotomy approach to lateral sphenoid sinus encephalocoeles." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 8 (August 1998): 779–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100141672.

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AbstractMeningo-encephalocoeles of the skull base may present as spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea or acute meningitis. Previous approaches to midline skull base lesions have been either intracranial, via a craniotomy, or by transfacial or endoscopic extracranial approaches. This paper presents an alternative approach to lateral sphenoid sinus encephalocoeles through a Le Fort I osteotomy approach.

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Kraus, L. M., C. Fung, L. Dieringer, L. Gemein, T. Ball, and J. Beck. "Supervised machine learning approaches applied in the diagnostic workup of spontaneous intracranial hypotension." Brain and Spine 1 (2021): 100835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2021.100835.

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Di Biase, Andrea, Antonio Casalini, Pietro Emmanuele, Michaela Mandelli, Pieter Mark Lokman, and Oliviero Mordenti. "Controlled reproduction inAnguilla anguilla(L.): comparison between spontaneous spawning and stripping-insemination approaches." Aquaculture Research 47, no. 10 (April 7, 2015): 3052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.12755.

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Luettich, Karsta, Yang Xiang, Anita Iskandar, Alain Sewer, Florian Martin, Marja Talikka, Patrick Vanscheeuwijck, et al. "Systems toxicology approaches enable mechanistic comparison of spontaneous and cigarette smoke-related lung tumor development in the A/J mouse model." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0010.

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ABSTRACT The A/J mouse is highly susceptible to lung tumor induction and has been widely used as a screening model in carcinogenicity testing and chemoprevention studies. However, the A/J mouse model has several disadvantages. Most notably, it develops lung tumors spontaneously. Moreover, there is a considerable gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pulmonary chemical carcinogenesis in the A/J mouse. Therefore, we examined the differences between spontaneous and cigarette smokerelated lung tumors in the A/J mouse model using mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) profiling. Male A/J mice were exposed whole-body to mainstream cigarette smoke (MS) for 18 months. Gene expression interaction term analysis of lung tumors and surrounding nontumorous parenchyma samples from animals that were exposed to either 300 mg/m3 MS or sham-exposed to fresh air indicated significant differential expression of 296 genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis® (IPA®) indicated an overall suppression of the humoral immune response, which was accompanied by a disruption of sphingolipid and glycosaminoglycan metabolism and a deregulation of potentially oncogenic miRNA in tumors of MS-exposed A/J mice. Thus, we propose that MS exposure leads to severe perturbations in pathways essential for tumor recognition by the immune system, thereby potentiating the ability of tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance. Further, exposure to MS appeared to affect expression of miRNA, which have previously been implicated in carcinogenesis and are thought to contribute to tumor progression. Finally, we identified a 50-gene expression signature and show its utility in distinguishing between cigarette smoke-related and spontaneous lung tumors

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Chen, Ningfei, Shizhao Wei, Guangyu Wei, and Zhiyong Qiu. "Soliton generation and drift wave turbulence spreading via geodesic acoustic mode excitation." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 64, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac35a6.

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Abstract The two-field equations that govern fully nonlinear dynamics of the drift wave (DW) and geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) interaction in toroidal geometry are derived within the nonlinear gyrokinetic framework. Two stages with distinctive features are identified and analyzed using both analytical and numerical approaches. In the ‘linear’ growth stage, the derived set of nonlinear equations can be reduced to the intensively studied parametric decay instability, accounting for the spontaneous resonant excitation of GAM by the DW. The main results of previous works on spontaneous GAM excitation, e.g. the greatly enhanced GAM group velocity and the nonlinear growth rate of GAM, are reproduced from the numerical solution of the two-field equations. In the fully nonlinear stage, soliton structures are observed to form due to the balancing of the self-trapping effect by the spontaneously excited GAM and kinetic dispersiveness of the DW. The soliton structures enhance turbulence spreading from the DW linearly unstable region to the stable region, exhibiting convective propagation instead of a typical linear dispersive process, and are thus expected to induce core-edge interaction and nonlocal transport.

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Ямщиков, В. М., В. Г. Рогачев, Е. А. Кудряшов, and Г. Н. Качалин. "Перенос и пленение резонансного излучения в двухуровневой системе." Журнал технической физики 128, no. 8 (2020): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.08.49714.318-19.

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A theoretical research of the population kinetics of a two-level system with allowance for the transfer of spontaneous emission under continuous optical pumping is presented. It is shown that in the case when the photon mean free path in a resonantly absorbing medium is less than or comparable with the characteristic size of this medium, spontaneous emission can be an additional pump source. Two approaches were used to consider the influence of the spontaneous photon contribution to the kinetics of levels. The first approach is to solve the radiation transfer equation in the diffusion approximation. The second approach is related to the solution of the Bieberman-Holstein equation.

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Konurbaev, Marklen, and Elvira Ganeeva. "LINGUISTICS OF SPONTANEOUS SPEECH: COMPARATIVE COGNITIVE TRANSFORMATION." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 4, 2023 (August 23, 2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2023-47-04-1.

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The article analyses theoretical approaches to simultaneous interpreting of spontaneous speech and proposes a model of comparative cognitive transformation. The object of the research is spontaneous speech with its characteristic features, which can become an obstacle to successful communication. The subject of the research is simultaneous interpretation of spontaneous speech at different levels of understanding the original. Сompression as a technique of comparative cognitive transformation is applied for the first time to interpreting oral speech. It allows us to examine in detail how the sense of the source message is formed in the flow of spontaneous speech and perceived by the recipient within the model of comparative cognitive transformation developed by the authors. Interpretation can be performed at different levels of understanding the original through the concept of three circles of understanding proposed in the article.

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Pampana, E., S. Altobelli, M. Morini, A. Ricci, S. D'Onofrio, and G. Simonetti. "Spontaneous Ureteral Rupture Diagnosis and Treatment." Case Reports in Radiology 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/851859.

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Rupture of the urinary collecting system associated with perinephric or retroperitoneal extravasation of the urine is an unusual condition and it is commonly associated with renal obstructing disease. Perforation could occur at any level from the calix to the bladder but it is usually seen at the fornices and upper ureter. It may lead to several serious consequences including urinoma, abscess formation, urosepsis, infection, and subsequent irreversible renal impairment. We report a case of a 69-year-old woman who presented at the emergency department of our institution with severe abdominal pain. Due to symptomatology worsening, complete laboratory evaluation was performed and the patient underwent abdominal contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) evaluation which showed contrast agent extravasation outside the excretory system without any evidence of renal calculi at basal acquisition. It was decided to perform a double-J stent placement which was followed by complete healing of the ureter and its removal was performed 8 weeks later. Diagnosis and therapeutic approaches are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spontaneous approaches'

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