Journal articles on the topic 'Spongy moth'
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1
Song, Jae-Woo, Jae-Min Jung, Young-Woo Nam, Hye-Min Byun, Sun-Hee Yoon, Sung-Hoon Jung, and Wang-Hee Lee. "Spatiotemporal Statistics for Analyzing Climatic Conditions Influencing Lymantria dispar Outbreaks." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091474.
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The spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) is a forest pest that damages a variety of trees in North America and Eurasia. A spongy moth outbreak occurred in part of South Korea in 2020 and caused severe damage to domestic forests and human society. Since the occurrence of spongy moths is influenced by climatic factors, this study examines the causes of spongy moth outbreaks by analyzing the temporal and spatial differences in climatic factors, influencing spongy moth occurrence using specimens collected during field surveys. Climatic factors were identified using global occurrence coordinates to compare the weather characteristics of spongy moth occurrence in domestic regions, using the kernel density function. Spatial and temporal comparisons were performed for monthly weather factors obtained from field surveys in 2020 and 2021 in areas with high and low spongy moth larvae densities. Spongy moth outbreaks may result from particular combinations of variable seasonality in temperature and precipitation, including high temperatures during cold periods and low precipitation during developmental periods.
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Akram, Muhammad, Umer Hayat, Juan Shi, and Shoaib Ahmad Anees. "Association of the Female Flight Ability of Asian Spongy Moths (Lymantria dispar asiatica) with Locality, Age and Mating: A Case Study from China." Forests 13, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081158.
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The spongy moth (formerly known as a gypsy moth), Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a polyphagous pest that defoliates various species of trees in the genera Populus, Salix, Quercus, Acer and Pinus. Egg masses of Asian spongy moths (Lymantria dispar asiatica) were obtained from five geographically distinct locations in China (Chengdu, Xifeng, Heilongjiang, Kuduer and Longhua regions) and were carried to the lab for incubation and rearing larvae up to adult emergence. The aim was to see how locality, age and mating status influenced the flying activity of female Asian spongy moths. The findings demonstrate that age significantly affects L. dispar asiatica flying activity, with flight period and distance decreasing dramatically as age increases. Locality also significantly impacts flight ability, and mating status does not affect the L. dispar asiatica female flight ability (p > 0.05). The maximum speed was observed for females from Xifeng (7.19 ± 0.34 km/h). The females from Heilongjiang were recorded as having the maximum average speed (2.35 ± 0.08 km/h). Females from Xifeng exhibited the maximum flight duration and distance (0.94 ± 0.04 h and 1.87 ± 0.18 km). Morphological features, i.e., thorax width (cm) and wing loading, significantly influenced the L. dispar asiatica flight ability (R2 = 0.93 and R2 = −0.98). The overall pattern observed for female L. dispar asiatica flight duration was Xifeng > Kuder > Chengdu > Heilongjiang > Longhua, and for flight distance, it was Xifeng > Longhua > Heilongjiang > Kuder > Chengdu. This research offers detailed information on the dispersion rate of Spongy moths in a known or newly introduced habitat, which can help us limit the spread of this polyphagous pest.
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Ji, Wenzhuai, Fengrui Dou, Chunhua Zhang, Yuqian Xiao, Wenqi Yin, Jinyong Yu, D. K. Kurenshchikov, Xiue Zhu, and Juan Shi. "Improvement in the Identification Technology for Asian Spongy Moth, Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Based on SS-COI." Insects 14, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010094.
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Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758), which is commonly known as spongy moth, with two subspecies, is found in Asia: Lymantria dispar asiatica and Lymantria dispar japonica, collectively referred to as the Asian spongy moth (ASM). The subspecies Lymantria dispar dispar occurs in Europe and is commonly known as the European spongy moth (ESM). The ASM is on the quarantine list of many countries because it induces greater economic losses than the ESM. Accurate identification is essential to prevent the invasion of ASM into new areas. Although several techniques for identifying ASMs have been developed, the recent discovery of complex patterns of genetic variation among ASMs in China as well as new subspecies in some areas has necessitated the development of new, improved identification techniques, as previously developed techniques are unable to accurately identify ASMs from all regions in China. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of an improved technique for the identification of the ASM using ASM-specific primers, which were designed based on cytochrome oxidase I sequences from samples obtained from all sites where ASMs have been documented to occur in China. We show that these primers are effective for identifying a single ASM at all life stages and from all ASM populations in China, and the minimum detectable concentration of genomic DNA was 30 pg. The inclusion of other Lymantria samples in our analysis confirmed the high specificity of the primers. Our improved technique allows the spread of ASMs to be monitored in real time and will help mitigate the spread of ASMs to other areas.
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Soukhovolsky, Vladislav, Olga Tarasova, Sergey Pavlushin, Ekaterina Osokina, Yuriy Akhanaev, Anton Kovalev, and Vyacheslav Martemyanov. "Economics of a Feeding Budget: A Case of Diversity of Host Plants for Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera) Feeding on Leaves and Needles." Diversity 15, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010102.
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Relationships were analyzed among the energy-related characteristics of feed consumption by caterpillars of the spongy moth (also known as gypsy moth) Lymantria dispar L., survival of individuals, and fecundity of females depending on the species of a host plant. An optimization model of feed consumption was used for the calculations. In this model, efficiency of consumption depends on two parameters: efficiency of metabolic degradation of feed and efficiency of caterpillar biomass synthesis. Experiments were conducted regarding the feeding of caterpillars on the leaves of silver birch Betula pendula Roth. and needles of Siberian larch Larix sibirica Ldb. and Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris L. On the basis of the results of experiments, “costs” of the feed for females and males were calculated, the consumption efficiency of different types of feed was found, and the relationship between efficiency of feed consumption and female fecundity was determined. The proposed approach can be employed to assess feeding efficiency of insects in various habitats.
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Ananko, Grigory G., Aleksei V. Kolosov, and Vyacheslav V. Martemyanov. "Rock Microhabitats Provide Suitable Thermal Conditions for Overwintering Insects: A Case Study of the Spongy Moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Population in the Altai Mountains." Insects 13, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13080712.
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Many insect species overwinter in various rock shelters (cavities and crevices), but the microclimates of rock biotopes remain poorly understood. We investigated the temperature dynamics in rock microhabitats where clusters of egg masses of the wintering spongy moth Lymantria dispar L. (SM) were observed. Our research objective was to find the relation between the ovipositing behaviour of females and the landscape features in different parts of this species’ range. Studies of the ecology of the SM are important from a practical point of view, as the moth causes significant economic damage to forests of the Holarctic. We found that the average monthly temperature of rock surfaces in the studied microhabitats was 2–5 °С above the average air temperature. More importantly, the minimum temperatures in these microhabitats were 4–13 °C higher than the minimum air temperature. These results help to reassess the role of the mountain landscape in the spread of insect species. Rock biotopes provided a significant improvement in the conditions for wintering insects. We believe that, when modelling the spread of invasive species (such as the SM), it is necessary to account for the influence of rock biotopes that may facilitate shifts in the northern boundaries of their range.
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Boukouvala, Maria C., Nickolas G. Kavallieratos, Anna Skourti, Xavier Pons, Carmen López Alonso, Matilde Eizaguirre, Enrique Benavent Fernandez, et al. "Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): Current Status of Biology, Ecology, and Management in Europe with Notes from North America." Insects 13, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090854.
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The European Spongy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is an abundant species found in oak woods in Central and Southern Europe, the Near East, and North Africa and is an important economic pest. It is a voracious eater and can completely defoliate entire trees; repeated severe defoliation can add to other stresses, such as weather extremes or human activities. Lymantria dispar is most destructive in its larval stage (caterpillars), stripping away foliage from a broad variety of trees (>500 species). Caterpillar infestation is an underestimated problem; medical literature reports that established populations of caterpillars may cause health problems to people and animals. Inflammatory reactions may occur in most individuals after exposure to setae, independent of previous exposure. Currently, chemical and mechanical methods, natural predators, and silvicultural practices are included for the control of this species. Various insecticides have been used for its control, often through aerial sprayings, which negatively affect biodiversity, frequently fail, and are inappropriate for urban/recreational areas. However, bioinsecticides based on various microorganisms (e.g., entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi) as well as technologies such as mating disruption using sex pheromone traps have replaced insecticides for the management of L. dispar.
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Kim, Min-Jung, Keonhee E. Kim, Cha Young Lee, Yonghwan Park, Jong-Kook Jung, and Youngwoo Nam. "Effect of Chilling Temperature on Survival and Post-Diapause Development of Korean Population of Lymantria dispar asiatica (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Eggs." Forests 13, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122117.
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One of the subspecies of the Eurasian spongy moth, Lymantria dispar asiatica, is a destructive forest pest in native regions and also an important quarantine pest in non-native regions. Its polyphagous nature, together with occasional outbreaks, may seriously threaten ecosystems and result in costly management programs. In this study, we examined the effect of chilling temperatures (−12, −6, 0, 6, and 12 °C) during the diapause phase on the survival and post-diapause development of L. d. asiatica eggs, collected before winter, in order to characterize their thermal response. The eggs were exposed to treatment temperatures for 100 days, followed by 25 °C incubation to determine their survival and development time. The eggs hatched in all the treatments, indicating that all the examined conditions could partly or sufficiently satisfy the thermal requirement for eggs to enter post-diapause development. However, exposure to chilling temperatures significantly affected both the survival and development times of overwintering eggs in a given temperature range. The survival rates declined at −12 °C, and the development rates accelerated as the chilling temperature increased. This information could offer clues for the assessment of the outbreak potential in native regions and the possibility of range expansion in non-native regions through the consideration of winter conditions that favor L. d. asiatica egg hatching and their subsequent development.
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Long, Haiyan, Kunlong Ma, Zhenghua Xiao, Xiaomei Ren, and Gang Yang. "Preparation and characteristics of gelatin sponges crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase." PeerJ 5 (August 9, 2017): e3665. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3665.
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Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) was used as a crosslinking agent in the preparation of gelatin sponges. The physical properties of the materials were evaluated by measuring their material porosity, water absorption, and elastic modulus. The stability of the sponges were assessed via hydrolysis and enzymolysis. To study the material degradation in vivo, subcutaneous implantations of sponges were performed on rats for 1–3 months, and the implanted sponges were analyzed. To evaluate the cell compatibility of the mTG crosslinked gelatin sponges (mTG sponges), adipose-derived stromal stem cells were cultured and inoculated into the scaffold. Cell proliferation and viability were measured using alamarBlue assay and LIVE/DEAD fluorescence staining, respectively. Cell adhesion on the sponges was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that mTG sponges have uniform pore size, high porosity and water absorption, and good mechanical properties. In subcutaneous implantation, the material was partially degraded in the first month and completely absorbed in the third month. Cell experiments showed evident cell proliferation and high viability. Results also showed that the cells grew vigorously and adhered tightly to the sponge. In conclusion, mTG sponge has good biocompatibility and can be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Setyowati, Erna Prawita, Sudarsono Sudarsono, and Retno Murwanti. "Penares sp sponge from Menjangan Island-water West Bali National Park: Isolation of Cytotoxic Compounds." Majalah Obat Tradisional 22, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.31547.
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Sponges are multicellular animals which have cytotoxic compounds. In this study, isolation and cytotoxic activity of Penares sp sponge from Menjangan island-water West Bali National Park have been carried out. The results showed that chloroform extract and GF V Penares sp fraction were toxic according to Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method (each 85% and 63.3% mortality at 25μg/mL concentration). The isolation result of GF V fraction was obtained a compound (Spot 4) that is active as cytotoxic agent against T47D cells (IC50 of 12.7 ug/mL). Spot 4 is a terpenoid compound which has conjugated double bonds.
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Ye, Danyan, Sixun Wu, Bingna Zhang, Chuzhu Hong, and Lujun Yang. "Characteristics and clinical potential of a cellularly modified gelatin sponge." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 19 (January 2021): 228080002110350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22808000211035061.
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Background: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) injected directly have been proven effective for improving chronic wounds. However, HuMSCs largely die within 14 days. The aim of study is to establish a cellularly modified gelatin sponge and investigate its characteristics and clinical potential. Methods: HuMSCs were isolated, expanded and seeded in a poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated gelatin sponge. Fabricated gelatin sponges were estimated through observation of morphological surface and ultrastructure, following confirmed by histology method. Supernatants were collected at different times for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure growth factors. The cell embedded gelatin sponges were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of mice and the samples were harvested and studied histologically. Results: HuMSCs gradually modified the gelatin sponge by depositing collagen and hyaluronic acid, and degrading the structure of gelatin, resulting in a dense, and elastic structure. Compared with cells cultured in monolayer, the levels of growth factors increased remarkably when HuMSCs were cultivated in the gelatin sponge. Upon subcutaneous implantation in the backs of mice, the cellularized gelatin sponges persisted for up to 2 months and eventually integrated into the host tissue, while blank gelatin sponges degraded completely by the end of the second month. Conclusion: Gelatin sponge is a clinically accessible scaffold for HuMSCs implantation to maintain short-term survival of the cells and high-level production of growth factors, which demonstrates good clinical potential for enhancing wound healing.
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Trinh, Hai Anh, Van Viet Dam, Wijit Banlunara, Polkit Sangvanich, and Pasutha Thunyakitpisal. "Acemannan Induced Bone Regeneration in Lateral Sinus Augmentation Based on Cone Beam Computed Tomographic and Histopathological Evaluation." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020 (February 15, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1675653.
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Acemannan, the major polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera, is biomaterial that has demonstrated osteoinductive effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of acemannan sponges on bone formation in open-type sinus augmentation has not evaluated. Here, we report a case study using radiographic and histological analyses to investigate the effect of acemannan on bone formation after lateral sinus lift surgery. The case was a 57-year-old female patient with an atrophic left posterior maxilla who underwent lateral sinus lift using an acemannan sponge using the two-stage procedure. In the first stage, an acemannan sponge was inserted through the bony window and placed between the antral floor and the elevated sinus membrane. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken immediately as baseline and 6-month postoperation for evaluation. A bone core specimen was also obtained for histological examination at the time of implant placement. The histological results revealed new bone formation, and the CBCT images demonstrated increased alveolar bone height at 6-month postoperation. Our findings suggest that an acemannan sponge could be a biomaterial for inducing bone formation in sinus lift surgery.
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Romano, G., M. De Angelis, and G. Barbagli. "Use of human fibrinogen and human thrombin for urethral reconstructive surgery." Urologia Journal 75, no. 1 (January 2008): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156030807500109.
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The objective of the present study is to test the use of a haemostatic sponge for urethral reconstructive surgery and to assess the relevant benefits. Methods. The haemostatic sponge is made up of collagen with human fibrinogen and human thrombin. When the sponge gets in contact with fluids, such as blood, lymph or saline solution, the fibrinogen and thrombin are activated and form a fibrin net able to achieve local haemostasis and tissue regeneration. This kind of product was used in 30 selected patients (pts.), aged 19 - 70 (mean age: 35), who underwent single-stage anastomotic urethroplasty from January 2006 to March 2007: 22 bulbar end-to-end anastomoses and 8 bulbo-prostatic anastomoses. All operations were performed due to post-traumatic stricture of bulbar and posterior urethra. The main selection criterion for the use of the haemostatic sponge has always been the tendency to and/or the presence of bleeding in the different surgical stages. The sponge imbibed in saline solution and suitably modeled for all specific requirements was differently placed: sleeve-shaped in the case of bulbar anastomoses (16 pts.); as a “patch” in the centre of spongioplasty in bulbo-prostatic anastomoses (8 pts.), and within the widening incisions of the urethral roof performed between the two cavernous bodies at level of the intercrural septum (5 pts.). In 1 case (obese patient) a single sponge was placed after the deep perineal reconstruction on the bulbo-cavernous muscle-subcutaneous layers because of massive bleeding. Results. In all cases a perfect control of haemostasis could be achieved, with immediate end of bleeding in the points where the haemostatic sponges were used. The dressings performed on day 3 upon removal of the compressive scrotum-perineal bandages did not show any late post-operative bleeding. The follow-up visits at month 1 and 3 yielded positive outcomes for all 30 patients, who achieved complete wound healing by first intention, and a perfect anastomosis especially in the bulbar end-to-end urethroplasty, confirmed by urethrografy at one month. Conclusions. The association of human fibrinogen and human thrombin in haemostatic sponges represents a manageable, useful product, apparently sure, not negatively interfering in repairing and regenerating tissue processes, and allowing a simple and direct control of important bleeding events occurring during urethral reconstructive surgery as well as other operations. It is therefore advisable to more widely use the product after a suitable follow-up period.
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Abdo, D. A., J. I. McDonald, E. S. Harvey, J. Fromont, and G. A. Kendrick. "Neighbour and environmental influences on the growth patterns of two temperate Haliclonid sponges." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 4 (2008): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07165.
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Understanding the growth dynamics of an organism is central to understanding its ecology and biology. Sponges often dominate many subtidal habitats, however, determining their growth dynamics is often difficult owing to the plastic and amorphous morphologies that occur in many species. Two sympatric Haliclonid sponge species were examined using a novel photogrammetric technique to understand how environmental and competitive influences affect their growth. Sponges of both species were tagged and monitored over a 14-month period. Haliclona sp. 1 (green Haliclona) showed little variation in growth compared with Haliclona sp. 2 (brown Haliclona), which had a significant seasonal growth pattern. Both green and brown Haliclona grew a significant amount over the period of study (green Haliclona: 3.4% month–1; brown Haliclona: 6.0% month–1 (with neighbours) and 4.1% month–1 (without neighbours)). In both species, growth was not significantly influenced by competition from neighbours; rather, neighbouring organisms appeared to provide protection from adverse environmental conditions. The growth dynamics of both species have important implications for the maintenance of both species populations, particularly given the important habitat they provide for other organisms, and their potential exploitation for the supply of bioactive metabolites.
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Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia, Manuel Maldonado, Patricia Blackwelder, and Jose V. Lopez. "Asynchronous reproduction and multi-spawning in the coral-excavating sponge Cliona delitrix." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 2 (August 13, 2015): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000636.
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Cliona delitrix is one of the most abundant and destructive coral-excavating sponges on Caribbean reefs. However, basic aspects of its reproductive biology, which largely determine the species propagation potential, remain unknown. A 2-year study (October 2009 to September 2011) was conducted to determine the reproductive cycle and gametogenesis of a C. delitrix population located in a shallow reef in Florida, USA. Mesohyl tissue collected from randomly chosen and tagged sponge individuals was sampled one to several times a month, and analysed by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cliona delitrix is oviparous and gonochoric, except for a few simultaneous hermaphroditic individuals. The C. delitrix reproductive cycle in Florida is from April to December, and is triggered by an increase in seawater temperature to 25°C. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis were asynchronous among individuals; with different cohorts of oocytes co-occurring in females, and spermatic cysts in males. Granulose cells acted as nurse cells, contributing to the growth and maturation of both female and male gametes. Spawning of gametes was not always synchronized with full moon phase. Unlike most other oviparous sponges, the reproductive cycle of C. delitrix is versatile and includes multiple spawning events during the summer of each year. This characteristic maximizes sponge propagation on coral reefs during the warmer months of the year, particularly when thermal stress induces coral mortality. This aspect, combined with its success on polluted areas, make C. delitrix a suitable bioindicator of coral reef health.
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de Caralt, Sonia, Janina González, Xavier Turon, and María J. Uriz. "Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges:Dysidea avara(Dictyoceratida) andPhorbas tenacior(Poecilosclerida)." PeerJ 6 (August 9, 2018): e5458. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5458.
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Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges,Dysidea avaraandPhorbas tenacior,belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions.D. avarahas a shorter reproductive period thanP. tenacior, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period ofP. tenaciorlasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July inD. avara, and in August-October inP. tenacior. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher inD. avarathan inP. tenacior. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy inD. avarathan inP. tenacior.A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges.
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Egiazaryan, K. A., G. D. Lazishvili, K. I. Akmataliev, A. P. Ettinger, A. P. Rat’Ev, A. V. Volkov, G. V. Korobushkin, and M. D. Polivoda. "Early Results of the Study of Reparative Peculiarities of Various Osteoplastic Materials in Experimental Bone Defects." Vestnik travmatologii i ortopedii imeni N.N. Priorova, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32414/0869-8678-2017-2-40-47.
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Purpose. To determine the optimum osteoplastic material for activation of reparative osteogenesis and substitution of traumatic defects in metaepiphyseal spongy bone tissue.Material and methods.Comparative experimental morphological study was performed on 12 matured male Chinchilla rabbits with body weight 2500-2800g. A model of critical defects of spongy bone tissue was used. Bone defects were filled with 3 types of osteoplastic material: composite calcium sulphate bone cement; xenogenous hydroxyapatite-based material with granulated paste of synthetic peptides (P-15); β-tricalcium phosphate-based material with gauging liquid (calcium phosphate bone cement).Results.Implantation of calcium sulphate bone cement showed rapid osteogenesis stimulation at terms 1.5 months and reduction of newly formed bone tissue mass by 3rd month due to active resorption of the residual material. Implantation of hydroxyapatite-based material with P-15 resulted in osteogenesis stimulation on its surface however because of its mechanical instability and absence of active resorption of that material only a moderate formation of bone trabeculae was observed. At implantation of β-tricalcium phosphate-based material an active resorption of osteoplastic material, formation of trabecular system and its reorganization into trabecular network of femoral metaepiphyseal spongy bone accompanied by the formation of mature bone trabeculae was noted by month 3.Conclusion. Mechanical stability of osteoplastic material and subsequent gradual resorption as well as formation of mature bine trabeculae indicates the efficacy of β-tricalcium phosphate-based material.
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O'Doherty, J. V., and T. F. Crosby. "Effect of premating shearing on reproductive performance in ewe lambs after oestrus synchronization." Journal of Agricultural Science 116, no. 1 (February 1991): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600076231.
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SUMMARYOne hundred and fifty-four, March-born, lowland ewe lambs, on the Lyons Estate farm, were allocated to a 2×2 factorial experiment. In September 1987, half were shorn and 1 month later the lambs were treated with intravaginal sponges, containing either 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate or 40 mg fluorogestone acetate, for 12 days. Following sponge removal, ewes were mated to fertile rams at a ram: ewe ratio of 1:6. There was no significant difference in reproductive performance between the two progestagen treatments (P > 0·05). Premating shearing increased (P < 0·01) conception rate and reduced the percentage of barren ewes (P < 0·01) but there was no effect on litter size. Time of gestation following shearing was increased (P < 0·01) by 1·24 days. Lamb growth rate up to weaning was not affected by the shearing treatment. The results of this trial indicate positive advantages of premating shearing of ewe lambs.
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Oganov, V. S., A. V. Bakulin, V. E. Novikov, L. M. Murashko, and O. E. Kabitskaya. "IZMENENIYa KOSTNOY TKANI ChELOVEKA V KOSMIChESKOM POLETE II. NEKOTORYE ZAKONOMERNOSTI I OSOBENNOSTI." Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2005): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/osteo200512-6.
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There are considered possible mechanisms of some peculiarities of cosmonauts bone tissue changes after space flights 5-7 month duration, that were diagnosed using dual energy X-ray absoptiometry (DEXA). Local osteopenia in spongy bone of the body lower part may be connected with big weight bearing load in 1g conditions. Increasing of mineral content in upper part of the skeleton and hypermineralization of vertebrae body spongy bone, that were showed by computer tomography possible are the secondary effects and are connected with fluid redistribution to cranial direction, including abdomen. Additional negative gradient of bone mass in bones of lower part of skeleton, that is observed in early period of readaptation (till 1 month) may be explained as result of acceleration of bone remodeling (resorption and formation of bone), as reaction to recover of loading. Individual variability of above mentioned reactions is connected with genetically determined initial bone mass and phenotype of bone metabolism. There are considered possibilities of genetic prediction of osteopenia in discussed conditions.
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Egiazaryan, K. A., G. D. Lazishvili, K. I. Akmataliev, A. P. Ettinger, A. P. Rat’ev, A. V. Volkov, G. V. Korobushkin, and M. D. Polivoda. "Early Results of the Study of Reparative Peculiarities of Various Osteoplastic Materials in Experimental Bone Defects." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 24, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto201724240-47.
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Purpose. To determine the optimum osteoplastic material for activation of reparative osteogenesis and substitution of traumatic defects in metaepiphyseal spongy bone tissue. Material and methods. Comparative experimental morphological study was performed on 12 matured male Chinchilla rabbits with body weight 2500-2800g. A model of critical defects of spongy bone tissue was used. Bone defects were filled with 3 types of osteoplastic material: composite calcium sulphate bone cement; xenogenous hydroxyapatite-based material with granulated paste of synthetic peptides (P-15); β-tricalcium phosphate-based material with gauging liquid (calcium phosphate bone cement). Results. Implantation of calcium sulphate bone cement showed rapid osteogenesis stimulation at terms 1.5 months and reduction of newly formed bone tissue mass by 3rd month due to active resorption of the residual material. Implantation of hydroxyapatite-based material with P-15 resulted in osteogenesis stimulation on its surface however because of its mechanical instability and absence of active resorption of that material only a moderate formation of bone trabeculae was observed. At implantation of β-tricalcium phosphate-based material an active resorption of osteoplastic material, formation of trabecular system and its reorganization into trabecular network of femoral metaepiphyseal spongy bone accompanied by the formation of mature bone trabeculae was noted by month 3. Conclusion. Mechanical stability of osteoplastic material and subsequent gradual resorption as well as formation of mature bine trabeculae indicates the efficacy of β-tricalcium phosphate-based material.
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INGHAM, STEVEN C., RYAN J. ALGINO, BARBARA H. INGHAM, and JOHN R. RUBY. "Manual Squeezing as an Alternative to Mechanical Stomaching in Preparing Beef Carcass Sponge Samples for Microbiological Analysis." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.2.428.
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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) requires beef abattoir operators to periodically analyze beef carcass sponge samples for levels of Escherichia coli. Additional beef carcass sponge sampling is commonly used by processors to evaluate the efficacy of beef abattoir antimicrobial intervention systems. The USDA sample preparation procedure requires that beef carcass sponge samples be mechanically stomached for 2 min before the sample fluid is squeezed out for analysis. When a large number of sponge samples must be analyzed, the stomaching step can limit throughput. In this study, we compared the USDA sample preparation procedure with repeatedly squeezing the sponge during a 10-s interval to expel the sample fluid. Separate sponge samples were obtained from each half of 100 chilled postintervention beef carcasses from a large-volume abattoir during a 4-month period. The USDA and squeezing treatments were randomly assigned to the halves of each carcass. All sponge samples were analyzed for E. coli, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria using Petrifilm methods. The sample preparation method had no significant effect (signed rank value > 0.05) on the results of any analytical test, although aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts tended to be higher after the USDA method than after manual squeezing alone. These results suggest that manual squeezing may be a simple and rapid alternative sample preparation method when gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, coliforms, or Enterobacteriaceae are being enumerated from beef carcass sponge samples used to monitor operational abattoir hygiene.
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Teixeira, Pedro G. R., Kenji Inaba, Ali Salim, Carlos Brown, Peter Rhee, Timothy Browder, Howard Belzberg, and Demetrios Demetriades. "Retained Foreign Bodies after Emergent Trauma Surgery: Incidence after 2526 Cavitary Explorations." American Surgeon 73, no. 10 (October 2007): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480707301024.
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Trauma patients are thought to be at high risk for iatrogenic retained foreign bodies (RFBs). The objective of this study was to evaluate this incidence. All cases of RFB after cavitary trauma surgery were identified by review of Morbidity and Mortality reports at a Level 1 trauma center from January 1998 to December 2005 and confirmed by the Octagon Risk Management System. Over 8 years, 10,053 trauma operations were performed (2075 laparotomies, 377 thoracotomies, and 74 sternotomies). Three cases (0.1%) of RFB (all sponges) occurred during one single-stage and two damage control laparotomies. The counts were correct before definitive closure in two of three cases. No postoperative x-rays were obtained in any of the cases. RFB diagnosis occurred between days 3 and 9, one on a routine chest x-ray and the other two on abdominal computed tomography scans during a septic workup. Four-month to 8-year follow up documented one pleural effusion and one abscess resulting from the RFB. Iatrogenic RFBs after emergent cavitary trauma surgery occur at a rate of 0.12 per cent and are associated with significant morbidity. In addition to standard preventive strategies, in emergent cases with risk factors such as requiring damage control, before final cavity closure, even with a correct sponge count, radiographic evaluation is warranted.
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Wada, Y., W. Kajiwara, and K. Kato. "Wilson's Disease-like Lesion in a Calf." Veterinary Pathology 32, no. 5 (September 1995): 538–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589503200513.
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Wilson's disease-like lesion was seen in a 2-month-old calf. Fibrosis was apparent in the liver, but there was no cholestasis or icterus. Marked spongy degeneration was seen in the central nervous system. Hepatic and brain copper values were significantly higher than normal: 1970 and 113 ppm dry matter, respectively. Serum ceruloplasmin was lower than normal: 17.5 U/liter. Etiology of this disease was unknown, but there is no evidence that the calf ingested a large quantity of copper.
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Qiao, Xiu-Juan, and Thomas B. Randrup. "Willingness to Pay for the Maintenance of Green Infrastructure in Six Chinese Pilot Sponge Cities." Water 14, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030428.
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Due to the increasingly devastating impact of pluvial flooding on human beings’ lives and properties in cities, the use of green infrastructure to manage stormwater onsite is becoming more popular worldwide. The maintenance of green infrastructure to ensure its function has become one of the most pressing tasks facing policy makers. However, there is limited research regarding the willingness to pay the stormwater fee as a form of maintenance funding. This study utilized contingent valuation data obtained from a survey of 1101 respondents living in six pilot sponge cities in China to estimate the willingness to pay for the green infrastructure maintenance. The findings indicated that two-thirds of all respondents were willing to pay, 17% would like to pay around 6–10 RMB/month (0.95–1.59 US dollars/month), and 17.8% would like to pay more than 20 RMB/month (3.2 US dollars/month). The educational level and age of the respondents were significant determinants of the probability of willingness to pay and the amount they would like to pay. Knowledge of the concept of sponge cities was another significant influencing factor for the willingness to pay, but it did not influence the amount of payment. The findings could help policy makers make better strategies regarding the maintenance of green infrastructure and its costs.
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Quraishi, Abdul Haque M. "Beyond a Gossypiboma." Case Reports in Surgery 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/263841.
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Gossypiboma or a retained surgical sponge is a rare but avoidable surgical complication. It leads to considerable morbidity and at times even mortality. We report a case of a 24-year-old lady who presented one month after a Caesarean operation with complaints of fever, pain in abdomen, and vomiting. After the clinical examination a possibility of a retained surgical sponge was entertained. However a CT scan of abdomen revealed the complete diagnosis and helped in treating the patient surgically with a successful outcome. A review of the literature and all the relevant issues in the management of such a case have been discussed.
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Khouri, Albert S., Grace Huang, and Linda Y. Huang. "Intraoperative Injection vs Sponge-applied Mitomycin C during Trabeculectomy: A One-year Study." Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice 11, no. 3 (2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1233.
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ABSTRACT Aim To determine the safety and efficacy of intraoperative injection of mitomycin C (MMC) against conventional sponge-applied MMC during trabeculectomy. Materials and methods This study was a retrospective, comparative case series. Thirty eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma underwent consecutive trabeculectomies with MMC injection (injection group), and thirty eyes with sponge-applied MMC were as controls (sponge group). Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Demographic data, applanation intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (VA), number of glaucoma medications, postoperative interventions, postoperative complications, and number of visits within 3 months were recorded. In order to stratify data, proportion of eyes achieving >30% IOP reduction from baseline with or without glaucoma medications was calculated and defined as surgical success. Results Mean IOP reduction at 1 year was significant in both the injection and sponge groups from baseline (46.8 and 37.8% respectively). The injection group had overall lower postoperative IOP and comparable complete treatment success, defined as achieving >30% IOP reduction without glaucoma medications (p = 0.941). The number of postoperative visits within 3 months and the proportion of eyes needing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intervention were significantly lower in the injection group (p = 0.03, p = 0.04 respectively). Conclusion Injection of MMC was as safe and effective as sponge application with comparable estimated complete treatment success, less need for visits within 3 months, and 5-FU intervention. Clinical significance Surgeons may consider intraoperative injection of MMC in appropriate patient cohorts given comparable safety and efficacy and several advantages over traditional sponge application. Further study in a prospective, larger, long-term manner is necessary to assess this modality. How to cite this article Khouri AS, Huang G, Huang LY. Intraoperative Injection vs Sponge-applied Mitomycin C during Trabeculectomy: A One-year Study. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):101-106.
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Kelly, Daniel F., R. Jamshid Oskouian, and Igor Fineman. "Collagen Sponge Repair of Small Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Obviates Tissue Grafts and Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion after Pituitary Surgery." Neurosurgery 49, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200110000-00020.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE Repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak created at the time of transsphenoidal surgery typically involves placement of a fat, fascial, or muscle graft and sellar floor reconstruction. In this report, a simplified repair for small, “weeping” CSF leaks using collagen sponge is described. METHODS All patients underwent an endonasal transsphenoidal procedure using the operating microscope. At the completion of tumor removal, if a small CSF leak was noted but no obvious large arachnoidal defect was present, a piece of collagen sponge was fashioned to cover the exposed diaphragma sellae. Titanium mesh was then wedged into the intrasellar, extradural space and a larger piece of collagen was placed over the reconstructed sellar floor. Nasal packing was removed within 24 hours. RESULTS During an 18-month period, 62 consecutive transsphenoidal procedures were performed for tumor removal. Of 20 patients with a small CSF leak (18 pituitary adenomas, 1 Rathke's cleft cyst, and 1 chordoma), all had successful repair with collagen sponge. At follow-up examinations at 1 to 18 months, no patient had required a lumbar drain or had developed meningitis. One other patient had a large intraoperative arachnoidal defect that was unsuccessfully repaired with the collagen sponge technique; in this patient, a second operation was required with a fat graft, sellar floor reconstruction, and lumbar drainage. CONCLUSION A simplified repair of small CSF leaks after transsphenoidal surgery using a two-layered collagen sponge technique with sellar floor reinforcement is thought to be safe and effective and obviates the need for tissue grafts, fibrin glue, or lumbar drain placement.
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Chan, Yin-Ching, Ming-Fu Wang, and Hsiu-Ching Chang. "Polygonum multiflorum Extracts Improve Cognitive Performance in Senescence Accelerated Mice." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 31, no. 02 (January 2003): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x03000862.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) Thunb. on the learning and memory ability in one- and seven- month-old male senescence accelerated mice (SAMP8). The mice were fed with two different diets for 18 weeks; they were casein dietary group (control group) and casein diet supplemented with PM extracts. Active shuttle avoidance test was performed to determine the learning and memory ability of the mice while the spongy degeneration and the lipofuscin, malondialdehyde, and total thiol levels of the brain were measured to evaluate the extent of the brain degeneration and oxidative status. Results of active shuttle avoidance test showed the mice fed with the PM extracts had significantly better learning and memory ability than the control group. The spongy degeneration and the lipofuscin and malondialdehyde concentrations of the mice in the PM groups were significantly lower than the control in both age groups, whereas the total thiol levels were higher but not significantly different. It was concluded that the supplement of the PM extracts could improve the learning and memory ability and reduce the brain pathological changes in mice. This might be due to the antioxidant phytochemicals of the PM extracts.
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Tek, Gün Burak, and Gül Keskin. "Use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with or without a Collagen Sponge as an Apical Plug in Teeth with Immature Apices." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 45, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.4.
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Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the apical plug performed using MTA with or without collagen sponge in immature anterior maxillary teeth with necrotic pulp. Study design: The study included apical obturation of 20 upper incisor teeth from 18 patients and outcomes of 12-month follow-up. The teeth were divided into 2 groups with 10 cases in each group according to the apexification protocol (Group 1; apical plug with MTA, Group 2; collagen sponge and apical plug with MTA). The artificial apical barrier, approximately 4-mm-thick, was created with MTA in each group. Based on clinical and radiographic criteria, the outcome was assessed using the periapical index (PAI) by 2 calibrated investigators. Results: In this study, 3 of the 6 teeth (50%) in Group 1 and 5 of the 8 teeth (62.5%) in Group 2 healed at the 12-month follow-up. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at the post-treatment follow-up times. Conclusion: The use of collagen as an apical matrix prior to the MTA plug can be suggested due to favorable clinical outcomes.
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Hori, Y., T. Nakamura, D. Kimura, K. Kaino, Y. Kurokawa, S. Satomi, and Y. Shimizu. "Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Vascularization in Esophagus Tissue Engineering." International Journal of Artificial Organs 26, no. 3 (March 2003): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880302600310.
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We carried out an experimental study to evaluate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-containing collagen gel on vascularization in esophageal tissue engineering. We compared an acellular collagen sponge scaffold and an acellular collagen gel scaffold in combination with bFGF using a canine model. The construct was implanted in the cervical esophagus and the regenerated tissue was evaluated one month after surgery. Histological analysis confirmed a significantly large amount of blood vessels in the bFGF-containing collagen gel group as compared to the collagen gel group without bFGF (bFGF (-)). However, in the collagen sponge groups, no difference was observed between the bFGF (+) group and the bFGF (-) group. These results showed that bFGF-containing collagen gel is suitable not only for an acellular scaffold for tissue engineering but also for an effective tropic factor vehicle in vivo.
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Scarcia, Marcello, Francesco Paolo Maselli, Giuseppe Cardo, and Giuseppe Mario Ludovico. "The use of autologous platelet rich plasma gel in bulbar and penile buccal mucosa urethroplasty: Preliminary report of our first series." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 88, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2016.4.274.
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Objective: The Buccal Mucosa (BM) UrethroPlasty (UP) is one of the preferred treatments for long or compli-cated urethral strictures. We propose the use of autologous Platelet Rich Plasma gel (aPRPg) in order to enhance to vascularization of BM graft and reduce the fibrous spongy. We report the outcome of our ten cases of bulbar and penile UP and the safety of this technique. Materials and metods: Ten patients underwent to BM UP with use of aPRP gel. Median age was 46. Stricture etiology was idiopathic, failed hypospadias and flogistic. Average stricture length was 3.7 cm. All patient were preoperatively evaluated with uroflowmetry , retrograde urethrography, cystoscopy and questionnaire. The harvesting of the aPRP was performed in blood bank from peripheral venous sample. Catheter was usually removed after 3 weeks and urethrography was performed after 6 weeks. Results: All patients reported no problem on the donor site. At time of follow-up (median 20 month, 12-34) all patients refer no problem and a good uroflowmetry. No re-strictures at the anastomotic sites were demonstrated in any of the patients. Conclusion: However in our experience the follow-up is limited and no definitive conclusion or comparison can be made with the original BM UP. The use of aPRP gel seems feasible and safe. In our opinion it is important to continue investigating this procedure for its advantages in case of complex urethral strictures complicated by fibrous spongy, above all in penile urethral strictures post hypospadia repair.
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Barbosa, Julierme Zimmer, Valdeci Constantino, Flávio Zanette, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta, and Stephen Arthur Prior. "SOIL FERTILITY AFFECTS ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION IN NEEDLES OF THE CONIFER Araucaria angustifolia: A MICROANALYTICAL STUDY." CERNE 23, no. 2 (June 2017): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104776020172302313.
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ABSTRACT Araucaria angustifolia is a conifer species found in South American subtropical forests that comprises less than 3% of the native vegetation and little is known concerning the accumulation of nutritional elements in its needles. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to assess the elemental distribution in needles. Needles were selected from 28 month-old plants grown in a fertilization experiment supplied with: 1) N, P, and K; 2) N and P; and 3) N and K. In microanalysis, four types of specialized needle tissues (adaxial epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and abaxial epidermis) were evaluated for elemental composition (C, O, P, K, Ca, S and Al). When crystals were detected, the concentrations of 12 elements were determined (C, O, P, K, Ca, S, Al, Fe, Mg, Na, Si, and Cl). Under low soil P and K, these elements were found in low concentrations in the epidermis, mesophyll, and crystals. Under low soil P, Ca and K accumulated in the spongy mesophyll, while under low soil K only Ca accumulated in this tissue. In addition, low soil P or K availability favored the formation of crystals; crystals under low soil K availability had more Ca and Mg. Soil P and K availability affected the distribution of elements in needles of A. angustifolia, in that type of tissue and formation of crystals were key to the nutrient dynamics in needles.
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Locatelli, Y., J. C. Vallet, G. Baril, J. L. Touzé, A. Hendricks, X. Legendre, M. Verdier, and P. Mermillod. "161 SUCCESSFUL INTERSPECIFIC PREGNANCY AFTER TRANSFER OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED SIKA DEER (CERVUS NIPPON NIPPON) EMBRYO IN RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS HIPPELAPHUS) SURROGATE HIND." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab161.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the in vivo competence of in vitro-produced sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon) embryos after freezing–thawing and transfer into red deer (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) recipients. During the breeding season, 11 adult sika deer hinds were synchronized as oocyte donors with an intravaginal sponge (45 mg of fluorogestone acetate, FGA) inserted for 12 days and removed immediately after laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU), and renewed after 3 days. Ovarian stimulation was induced with an i.m. injection of 75 µg of cloprostenol (Estrumate) given on Day 8, followed by 3 i.m. injections of 0.1, 0.1, and 0.05 IU of ovine FSH (Ovagen) on Days 10 and 11 at 12-h intervals. On Day 12, hinds were anesthetized and oocytes were collected by LOPU from follicles >2 mm using an 18 G needle under moderate vacuum. COC were recovered and morphologically evaluated for quality (graded from 1 to 5). COC were then submitted to in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture (IVM, IVF, and IVC) as described previously (Locatelli Y et al. 2005 Theriogenology 64, 1729–1739). For IVC, embryos were co-cultured with a monolayer of ovine oviduct epithelial cells in synthetic oviduct fluid medium supplemented with 10% FCS. On Day 8 post-insemination, all sika deer embryos at the blastocyst stage were cryopreserved via a standard bovine slow-freezing protocol. Of 44 LOPU sessions performed during the 1-month study, an average of 7.5 � 0.38 follicles were aspirated (mean � SEM), allowing the recovery of 3.65 � 0.38 COC per hind and per session, of which 80.0% were suitable for IVM (grades 1 and 2). Of 142 oocytes recovered, 57 cleaved after IVF (40.1%), and 14 embryos (24.6% of cleaved) reached the blastocyst stage after 8 days. At the end of the breeding season, 7 adult red deer hinds were synchronized as embryo recipients by inserting 2 intravaginal sponges per female (90 mg of FGA), for 13 days. Injections (i.m.) of 400 IU of eCG and 125 µg of cloprostenol (Estrumate) were administered 72 h before sponge removal. At Day 8 after sponge removal, straws containing frozen embryos were thawed and cryoprotectant was removed as described previously (see Locatelli Y et al. 2005 Theriogenology 64, 1729–1739). Two sika deer embryos were surgically transferred into uterine horn (unilaterally) of each red deer recipient. One of 7 red deer recipients was diagnosed pregnant by ultrasonography on Day 56. A healthy male sika deer fawn was born unassisted after 224 days of gestation. No complications were observed in initial recognition of the sika deer fawn by the red deer surrogate mother, nor in subsequent interactions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an interspecific pregnancy obtained after in vitro embryo production and embryo transfer in deer species. In conclusion, interspecific embryo transfer after IVP may represent a useful tool for the preservation and amplification of captive residual populations of endangered deer species. Further studies are required to increase the rate of cleavage after LOPU-IVF as well as viability of frozen–thawed IVP embryos.
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Mummaneni, Praveen V., Jeff Pan, Regis W. Haid, and Gerald E. Rodts. "Contribution of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein—2 to the rapid creation of interbody fusion when used in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a preliminary report." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 1, no. 1 (July 2004): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2004.1.1.0019.
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Object. The authors compared fusion rates in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIFs) when using either autograft or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) placed in the interbody space. Methods. Between September 2002 and December 2003, the authors performed 44 TLIF operations. Follow-up data were available for 40 patients. Of the 40 procedures, 19 involved cages filled with iliac crest autograft (Group 1) and 21 involved cages filled with a medium kit of recombinant human (rh) BMP-2 (Group 2). In all Group 2 patients, one BMP sponge was placed anterior to the cage and another was placed within the cage. In 12 of the Group 2 patients, iliac crest autograft was placed posterior to the BMP-filled cage (Group 2A). In the remaining nine Group 2 patients, only local autograft was placed posterior to the BMP-filled cage (Group 2B). Assessment of fusion was performed using dynamic radiography at 3-month intervals. Outcomes were assessed using the Prolo Scale, and iliac crest donor site pain was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The mean follow-up period was 9 months (range 3–18 months). In Group 1 patients, one pseudarthrosis was detected. In Group 2 patients, dynamic radiography demonstrated solid fusion in all patients except one in Group 2B. Fiftyeight percent of patients in whom iliac crest autograft was used complained of donor site pain 6 months after surgery (5 of 10 points on the VAS). Symptomatic foraminal bone formation was not observed in any Group 2 patient. Conclusions. The use of rhBMP-2 is safe in TLIFs when the sponges are placed away from the dura mater, and BMP promotes a more rapid fusion than iliac crest autograft alone. The use of rhBMP-2 in combination with local autograft is an excellent option for promoting solid fusion with TLIF, and it eliminates the possibility of iliac donor site pain.
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Wicpolt, Nathalia S., Raissa M. Morais, Francieli Adriane Molossi, Daiane Ogliari, Joana Mezzalira, Osmar D. Prestes, Renato Zanella, and Aldo Gava. "Experimental reproduction of congenital anomalies in the progeny of cows fed apple pomace during pregnancy." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 6 (June 2019): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6119.
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to describe and discuss the results of an experiment carried out in two stages with pregnant cows fed 25kg/apple pomace/day. The first stage involved 16 pregnant Holstein Friesian cows divided into four groups: Group 0 - Control (5 cows); Group I - 1 month-gestation (4 cows); Group II - 3 month-gestation (4 cows); Group III - 6 month-gestation (3 cows) and was performed from September to December 2015. The second stage comprised 12 pregnant Holstein Friesian cows divided into three groups: Group 0 - Control (6 cows), Group I - 1 month-gestation (3 cows), and Group II - 3 month-gestation (3 cows) and was conducted from April 2016 to February 2017. All study animals received apple pomace at a dose of 25kg/day. As for the first experiment stage, a cow in Group III bred a calf with complete absence of the coccygeal vertebrae and tail, slight bending of the hind limbs, scoliosis in the thoracic spine, and limited mobility. At 30 days, it presented with diarrhea and underdevelopment, and was euthanized for necropsy. At gross examination, malformations were observed in the thoracic spine, coxofemural joint, and genitourinary tract. Regarding the second experiment stage, a cow in Group I gave birth to a calf with curved pelvic and thoracic limbs with thick joints and flattening hooves. Microscopic examination of the femur showed disorganized, irregular hypertrophic zone and scarce growth zone, in addition to primary spongy zone with short, slightly mineralized trabeculae. Samples of the apple pomace used in this study were frozen and sent for laboratory evaluation of pesticide residues, which showed a positive result for the fungicide carbendazim.
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Xing, Hao, Yang Yang, Wenqiang Xing, and Zhengqi Chang. "Vacuum Sealing Drainage for Primary Thoracolumbar Spondylodiscitis: A Technical Note." BioMed Research International 2022 (August 9, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9248972.
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Primary spinal infection is a challenge for neurosurgeons. Here, for the first time, we introduced the vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) sponge into the intervertebral space for the primary thoracolumbar infection treatment. This study included 6 bedridden patients with thoracolumbar spondylodiscitis without deformity formation. All 6 patients were treated with the VSD in our hospital from June 30, 2018, to August 31, 2019. All 6 cases of thoracolumbar infection achieved clinical cure at 3-month follow-up, and no surgical-related mortalities occurred in our series. One patient died of acute cerebral infarction 5 months after surgery, and the remaining 5 patients completed a 12-month follow-up without recurrence. The JOA score of all 6 cases improved significantly after VSD treatment. VSD is feasible for safe and effective treatment for primary thoracolumbar infection. The short-term follow-up effect is definite.
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Sunil, Sathyanarayana, and MB Harsha. "A Modified Method for Bone Regeneration using Gelatin Sponge with Bone Graft in treating an Osseous Defect after Root Resection." Journal of Health Sciences & Research 8, no. 2 (2017): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10042-1055.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Modern advances in all phases of dentistry have provided the opportunity for patients to maintain a functional dentition for longer periods of time. The disciplines of endodontics, periodontics, and prosthodontics fuse when the molars that have furcation involvements are treated by hemisection or root resection. Preserving the socket in these cases after removing the root or tooth segment and regenerating bone around the remaining portion of the root is an important part of the treatment that determines the prognosis of the tooth. Case report To enhance bone regeneration, a modified approach was used while bone grafting, where gelatin sponge was placed along with the synthetic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in the osseous defect of the lower right first molar tooth following distal root resection. In this case report, the tooth after root resection has shown profound improvement in periodontal health, and the socket was preserved satisfactorily. Conclusion The simple modification showed an uneventful healing and excellent periodontal health clinically and good bone fill contributing to socket preservation as seen radiographically. The tooth has continued to serve well as found in the sixth month follow-up. Clinical significance The future prospect of using bone graft along with an agent that holds the clot and stabilizes it (gelatin sponge) during healing could serve as a useful treatment procedure, as this combination might act together producing synergistic effects. How to cite this article Sunil S, Babu HM. A Modified Method for Bone Regeneration using Gelatin Sponge with Bone Graft in treating an Osseous Defect after Root Resection. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):80-83.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Determination of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products, E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2[NSMCE2], as a Marker to Predict Child Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2, 2014): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.1.128-138.
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow (spongy tissue in the center of bone). In ALL, too many bone marrow stem cells develop into a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes are not able to fight infection very well. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 [NSMCE2] and increase DNA damage in the childhood patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Laboratory investigations including hemoglobin(Hb) ,white blood cell (WBC) , serum total protein , albumin ,globulin , in addition to serum total antioxidant activity (TAA) , Advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2[NSMCE2]. Blood samples were collected from 60 patients diagnosed to Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after one month treatment with induction therapy. Age and sex matched 30 healthy persons selected as control.serum total protein , albumin and globulin showed A significant decrease in patients group when compared to control group( P
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Frank, Joseph D., and Bryden J. Stanley. "Enterocutaneous Fistula in a Dog Secondary to an Intraperitoneal Gauze Foreign Body." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 45, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0450084.
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A 6-year-old, spayed female German shepherd crossbreed had a 6-month history of a draining fistula in the left flank. Fistulography demonstrated an enterocutaneous fistula. Surgery revealed a granuloma that was enveloping the left ureter and caudal mesenteric artery and adhering to multiple loops of bowel. The granuloma centered on a gauze sponge inadvertently retained at time of ovariohysterectomy. Retained surgical foreign bodies can be avoided, and their frequency is likely underestimated. Risk factors identified in human medicine include emergency surgery, changes in surgical procedure, and obesity. A foreign body should be considered a potential cause of draining tracts in veterinary patients.
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SHETH, KUMUDCHANDRA J., ROBERT J. MILLER, NEELA K. SHETH, EUDOKIA REMENUIK, and R. MICHAEL MASSANARI. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa Otitis Externa in an Infant Associated With a Contaminated Infant Bath Sponge." Pediatrics 77, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.77.6.920.
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Pseudomonas is a Gram-negative bacterium frequently recovered from environmental sources, particularly an aquatic environment. Epidemics of skin rash,1 otitis externa,2 isolated cases of urinary tract infections,3 and pneumonia4 have been associated with whirlpools contaminated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This report describes P aeruginosa otitis externa in an infant associated with a contaminated infant bath sponge. CASE REPORT K.E., a 3-month-old, first born, healthy girl was seen for drainage from the left ear. She was listless and febrile and had a moderate amount of whitish drainage from the left ear canal. There was no discharge from the right ear canal, but on examination there was right otitis media.
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Nelms, Courtney, Kathleen Carter, Richard DeMasi, and George Meier. "Color Duplex Ultrasound Characteristics: Can we Predict Aortic Aneurysm Expansion following Endovascular Repair?" Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 29, no. 3 (September 2005): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154431670502900306.
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Introduction The goal of aortic endovascular repair (EVAR) is to successfully exclude the aneurysm. Color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) is effective in the identification of endoleak and assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) morphology after EVAR. In a subset of patients with subtle endoleak, there is a characteristic appearance that predicts significant endoleak leading to AAA expansion. These endoleaks are difficult to detect by computed tomography (CT), and CDU and may represent the phenomenon known as endotension when endoleak is not identified. Methods All patients with several EVAR devices were prospectively followed with CDU for evaluation of endoleak at intervals during a 4-year period. All CDU exams were performed using Philips 5000, 3000, and IU22 systems according to protocol. Assessment of the AAA sac with spectral and color Doppler was used to identify endoleak. The B-mode echogenicity of the AAA sac was characterized for echogenicity and sac symmetry. The patients were followed with CT scan and/or angiography for confirmation of endoleaks. Results There were 12 patients with subtle Type II endoleaks and a characteristic texture by CDU identified from 1 month to 16 months after intervention. The endoleaks had low velocities within the sac ranging from 10 to 50 cm/sec with a bidirectional spectral Doppler waveform. An asymmetrical AAA sac with a “spongy” multiechogenic texture was a finding in all 12 patients. The endoleaks were difficult to detect by both CDU and CT scan because of the low velocities despite AAA sac enlargement in all patients. The average AAA sac enlargement was 4.4 mm. CT scan and/or angiography failed to detect endoleak in 6 of 12 patients positive by CDU for endoleak with AAA sac expansion. Conclusion CDU after EVAR can effectively detect the presence of endoleak and assess the B-mode characteristics of the AAA sac. Important clues such as low flow, sac expansion, sac asymmetry, and a “spongy” B-mode appearance are consistent with subtle endoleak that may lead to AAA expansion. When undetected, this type of endoleak may be misdiagnosed as endotension.
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Kusanagi, Akihiko, Eric B. Blahut, Takahiro Ogura, Akihiro Tsuchiya, and Shuichi Mizuno. "Repairing Cartilage with Processed Chondrocyte Constructs: A 6-Month Study Using a Porcine Model." CARTILAGE 13, no. 2_suppl (November 11, 2021): 1088S—1101S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19476035211053837.
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Objective Autologous chondrocyte implantation was the first cell-based therapy that used a tissue engineering process to repair cartilage defects. Recently improved approaches and tissue-engineered cell constructs have been developed for growing patient populations. We developed a chondrocyte construct using a collagen gel and sponge scaffold and physicochemical stimuli, implanted with a surgical adhesive. We conducted a proof-of-concept study of these improvements using a cartilage defect model in miniature swine. Design We implanted the autologous chondrocyte constructs into full-thickness chondral defects in the femoral condyle, compared those results with empty and acellular scaffold controls, and compared implantation techniques with adhesive alone and with partial adhesive with suture. Two weeks after the creation of the defects and implantation of the cellular or acellular constructs, we arthroscopically confirmed that the implanted constructs remained at the chondral defects. We evaluated the regenerated tissue macro- and microscopically 6 months after the cell constructs were implanted. The tissues were stained with Safranin-O and evaluated using Sellers’ histology grading system. Results The defects implanted with processed cell constructs and acellular scaffolds were filled with chondrocyte-like round cells and with nearly normal tissue architecture that were significantly greater degree compared to empty defect control. Even with the adhesive alone and with suture alone, the cell construct was composed of the dense cartilaginous matrix that was found in the implantation using both the sutures and the adhesive. Conclusion Implantation of cell constructs promoted regeneration and integration of articular cartilage at chondral defects in swine by 6 months.
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Jiang, Xin, Jiang Xiu, Fuguo Shen, Song Jin, and Wencai Sun. "Repairing of Subchondral Defect and Articular Cartilage of Knee Joint of Rabbit by Gadolinium Containing Bio-Nanocomposites." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1584–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3106.
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A variety of gadolinium (Gd) based nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized due to the unique magnetic properties of Gd-containing rare earth compounds and the particularity of micro/nano-materials, which were then incorporated into hydroxyapatite (HA) to obtain inorganic-organic composite materials. Then, HA/Gd NPs containing slow-release transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) were harvested. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were extracted from the adipose tissue of a four-month-old New Zealand white rabbit. HA/Gd NPs were attached to absorbable gelatin sponge to obtain HA/Gd NPs/gelatin sponge composite scaffold. In addition, the third generation ADSCs were taken and cultured in the composite scaffold, so that ADSCs-HA/Gd bio-nanocomposites were obtained. The in vitro culture test of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 showed that Gd-containing NPs had good biocompatibility. The prepared HA/Gd NPs loaded with TGF-β1 were spherical, with an average particle size of (9.16 ± 3.16) μm. The NPs were easy to aggregate and adherent. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test results showed that TGF-β1 in NPs was sustained and released continuously for 29 days. HA/Gd NPs/gelatin sponge composite scaffold combined with ADSCs were co-cultured for three days, and the electron microscope showed that the HA/Gd NPs were dispersed, and the cells could adhere and grow well. Then, animal models of rabbit knee articular cartilage defects were established and were rolled into three groups (ADSCs-HA/Gd nano group, HA/Gd nano scaffold group, and blank control). The repair area of the rabbit knee of ADSCs-HA/Gd nano group was smooth and flat, the scaffold was absorbed, the toluidine blue stain was positive, and the type II collagen immunohistochemical stain was positive. In general, ADSCs-HA/Gd nanomaterials were helpful for chondrogenic cell differentiation and had certain adoption prospects in the field of tissue engineering to repair cartilage defects.
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Rane, Sneha S., M. S. Chadha, and V. R. Mamdapur. "Synthesis of racemic 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol, a pheromone of rice moth and 5,9,13-trimethyltetradecanoic acid, a component of marine sponge from a common intermediate." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 1, no. 6 (December 1993): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82149-5.
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O[apos]BRIEN, S. B., G. DUFFY, E. CARNEY, J. J. SHERIDAN, D. A. McDOWELL, and I. S. BLAIR. "Prevalence and Numbers of Escherichia coli O157 on Bovine Hides at a Beef Slaughter Plant." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.660.
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In this study, we investigated the prevalence and numbers of Escherichia coli O157 on bovine hides. Samples (n = 1,500) were collected over a 17-month period (30 samples per week) by sponge swabbing approximately 122-cm2 areas of the bovine rump of slaughtered cattle at an early stage of carcass processing (first legging). Sponge samples (n = 1,500) were stomached in buffered peptone water supplemented with novobiocin, directly plated on sorbitol MacConkey with Cefixime tellurite (SMAC-CT), enriched for 24 h, extracted by immunomagnetic separation, and plated onto SMAC-CT agar. Presumptive E. coli O157 colonies from SMAC-CT plates were confirmed by PCR for the presence of eaeA, hlyA, fliCh7, vt1, vt2, and portions of the rfb (O-antigen encoding) region of E. coli O157. Overall, E. coli O157 was recovered from 109 samples (7.3%) at concentrations ranging from less than 0.13 to 4.24 log CFU/100 cm2. PCR analysis revealed a wide diversity of genetic profiles among recovered isolates of verocytotoxigenic E. coli. Of the isolates recovered, 99 of 109 contained the attaching and effacing gene (eaeA) and the hemolysin gene (hlyA), and 78 of 109 had the flagellar H7 antigen–encoding gene (fliCh7). Only 6 of 109 isolates contained both verotoxin-producing genes (vt1 and vt2); 91 of 109 contained the vt2 gene only, whereas 1 of 109 contained the vt1 gene only. The remaining 11 of 109 contained neither vt1 nor vt2.
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Giangrande, Adriana, Cataldo Pierri, Daniele Arduini, Jacopo Borghese, Margherita Licciano, Roberta Trani, Giuseppe Corriero, et al. "An Innovative IMTA System: Polychaetes, Sponges and Macroalgae Co-Cultured in a Southern Italian In-Shore Mariculture Plant (Ionian Sea)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100733.
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In this paper, we report data from the first year of rearing of a set of filter feeder bioremediator organisms: macrobenthic invertebrates (sabellid polychaetes and sponges), coupled with macroalgae, realized in a mariculture fish farm. This innovative integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system was realized at a preindustrial level in the Gulf of Taranto (southern Italy, northern Ionian Sea), within the framework of the EU Remedia Life project. Long lines containing different collector typologies were placed around the fish breeding cages. Vertical collectors were utilized for both polychaetes and sponges, whilst macroalgae were cultivated in horizontal collectors. Data on the growth and mortality of the target species after the first year of rearing and cultivation are given together with their biomass estimation. Polychaete biomass was obtained from natural settlement on ropes previously hung in the system, while sponges and macroalgae were derived from explants and/or inocules inserted in the collectors. The description of the successional pattern occurring on collectors used for settling until reaching a “stable” point is also described, with indications of additional filter feeder macroinvertebrates other than polychaetes and sponges that are easily obtainable and useful in the system as bioremediators as well. The results demonstrate an easy, natural obtaining of large biomass of sabellid polychaetes settling especially from about a 4 to 10 m depth. Sponges and macroalgae need to be periodically cleaned from the fouling covering. The macroalgae cycle was different from that of invertebrates and requires the cultivation of two different species with about a 6-month cycle for each one. The present study represents one of the first attempts at IMTA in the Mediterranean area where invertebrates and macroalgae are co-cultured in an inshore fish farm. Possible utilization of the produced biomass is also suggested.
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Chia, Clement L. K., Vishal G. Shelat, Wilson Low, Sheena George, and Jaideepraj Rao. "The Use of Collatamp G, Local Gentamicin-Collagen Sponge, in Reducing Wound Infection." International Surgery 99, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-13-00171.1.
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Abstract We conducted a retrospective study to examine the role of Collatamp G in reducing postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with different wound classes. Ninety-two patients (62 men and 30 women; mean age, 58 years; range, 29–88 years) who had undergone surgery between December 2009 and November 2011 in Tan Tock Seng Hospital and who had application of Collatamp G in their wound before closure were included in the study. The primary endpoint was the development of any superficial wound infection within 1 month postoperatively. Of 92 patients studied, 9 (10%) developed a superficial wound infection. Two of 43 patients with clean-contaminated wounds (5%), 2 of 19 with contaminated wounds (11%), and 5 of 30 with dirty-infected wounds (16%) developed infection. Use of the larger size Collatamp G (10 × 10 cm) also appears to have a lower incidence of SSI compared with the smaller Collatamp G (5 × 5 cm); 4% and 12%, respectively. Our data suggest that postoperative SSI was reduced in the group of patients with dirty-infected wound class. SSI appears to be decreased with use of the larger size Collatamp G.
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Diakonis, Vasilios F., Vardhaman P. Kankariya, George D. Kymionis, Georgios Kounis, George Kontadakis, Eirineos Gkenos, Michael A. Grentzelos, George Hajithanasis, Sonia H. Yoo, and Ioannis G. Pallikaris. "Long Term Followup of Photorefractive Keratectomy with Adjuvant Use of Mitomycin C." Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/821920.
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Purpose.To study the long term refractive and visual outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with intraoperative application of mitomycin C (MMC).Methods.This study included 37 eyes who received myopic PRK; after photoablation, a sponge soaked in 0.02% MMC solution was applied in all corneas for 2 minutes. Efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability of PRK MMC were evaluated. Endothelial cell density was evaluated at the last postoperative interval.Results.Mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SEQ) was−6.03±1.87 D (diopters) and reduced to−0.09±0.53 D at the last postoperative examination. Mean followup was44.73±18.24months. All the eyes were in the ±1.00 D of attempted versus achieved SEQ at the one-year follow-up interval. Furthermore, 95% of the eyes did not lose lines or gained 1 to 2 lines of CDVA, while 5% lost 1 line. At the third postoperative month, 89% of the eyes either were clear or had trace haze, while 4 eyes had mild haze; by the 12-month postoperative interval, none of the eyes demonstrated haze. Mean endothelial cell density (ECD) at the last postoperative interval was2658±153 cells/mm2.Conclusions.PRK, with intraoperative use of MMC, demonstrates stable refractive and visual outcomes up to 44 months after surgery.
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Chen, Jyi-Feng, Chieh-Tsai Wu, Sai-Cheung Lee, and Shih-Tseng Lee. "Use of a polymethylmethacrylate cervical cage in the treatment of single-level cervical disc disease." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 3, no. 1 (July 2005): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2005.3.1.0024.
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Object. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has been used as a spacer in the treatment of patients with cervical disc disease with good long-term outcomes, but solid bone fusion has not been demonstrated in all cases. To achieve cervical interbody fusion, the authors designed a modified PMMA cervical cage that they filled with spongy bone for the treatment of single-level cervical disc herniation. Methods. Sixty-three patients underwent anterior cervical microdiscectomy and implantation of a PMMA cervical cage filled with autograft cancellous bone and were followed for a minimum of 2 years. The fusion rates were 90.5 and 100% at the 6- and 12-month follow-up examinations, respectively. The mean intervertebral disc height gain was 3.4 ± 1.9 mm when preoperative and 24-month postoperative values were compared. Neck pain, measured using the Huskissan visual analog scale (0 mm, no pain; 100 mm, worst possible pain), decreased from 71 ± 13 mm at preoperative baseline to 28 ± 17 at 6, 23 ± 19 at 12, and 31 ± 19 mm at 24 months. Based on the same scale, radicular pain decreased from 83 ± 15 mm at preoperative baseline to 24 ± 11 at 6, 27 ± 13 at 12, and 22 ± 11 mm at 24 months. The self-rated clinical outcome was excellent in 45 (71.4%) and good in 18 (28.6%) of the 63 patients. Conclusions. The autograft cancellous bone—filled PMMA cage is safe and effective for cervical interbody fusion in the treatment of single-level cervical disc herniation and monoradiculopathy.
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Grap, Mary Jo, Cindy L. Munro, Brooke Ashtiani, and Sandra Bryant. "Oral Care Interventions in Critical Care: Frequency and Documentation." American Journal of Critical Care 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2003.12.2.113.
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• Background No data have been collected to describe the products, methods, and frequency of oral care needed to reduce dental plaque, oral colonization, and ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients.• Objectives To describe the frequency of use of oral care interventions reported by nurses in several intensive care units in a large southeastern medical center.• Methods Staff members completed a written survey describing their oral care practices, and oral care interventions were recorded from the unit’s flow sheet for the previous 24 hours for all patients at 5 randomly selected times during 1 month.• Results Most respondents (75%) reported providing oral care 2 or 3 times daily for nonintubated patients, and 72% reported providing care 5 times daily or more for intubated patients. However, oral care was documented on the unit’s flow sheet a mean of 1.2 times per patient. Reported use of toothpaste and a toothbrush was significantly greater in nonintubated patients (P < .001), and use of a sponge toothette was significantly greater in intubated patients (P < .001). Nurses’ mean rating of oral care priority was 53.9 on a 100-point scale.• Conclusions Despite evidence that they are ineffective for plaque removal, sponge toothettes remain the primary tool for oral care, especially in intubated patients in intensive care units. Nurses report frequent oral care interventions, but few are documented. Education and focus on good oral care strategies are required; nursing research to delineate the best procedure for all patients in intensive care units is needed.
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Vijayasekaran, Sarojini, Traian V.Chirila, Terry A. Robertson, Xia Lou, J. Helen Fitton, Celia R. Hicks, and Ian J. Constable. "Calcification of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel sponges implanted in the rabbit cornea: A 3-month study." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 11, no. 6 (January 2000): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856200743896.
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