Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sponge ecology'
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Henkel, Timothy P. "Ecology of the obligate sponge-dwelling brittlestar Ophiothrix lineata." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/r1/henkelt/timothyhenkel.pdf.
Full textBeaulieu, Stace. "The ecology of glass sponge communities in the abyssal NE Pacific /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907821.
Full textTrautman, Donelle Ann. "Aspects of the ecology and physiology of a tropical sponge and its macroalgal symbiont." Thesis, Trautman, Donelle Ann (1996) Aspects of the ecology and physiology of a tropical sponge and its macroalgal symbiont. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51822/.
Full textChak, Tin Chi Solomon. "Reproductive Altruism, Social Diversity and Host Association in Sponge-Dwelling Snapping Shrimps, Synalpheus." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068130.
Full textWitowski, Chris G. "Investigation of Bioactive Metabolites from the Antarctic Sponge Dendrilla membranosa and Marine Microorganisms." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5602.
Full textAbdo, David A. "Maintenance and structuring of two temperate Haliclonid sponge populations." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0197.
Full textAndringa, Stephanie Lynn. "Ecology, Population Dynamics, and Sexual Characteristics of Commensal Leucothoid Amphipods with the Sponge Cliona varians in the Florida Keys (Crustacea: Amphipoda)." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/28.
Full textDavis, Katie S. "Use of a Towed Camera System along the west Florida shelf: A Case Study of the Florida Middle Grounds Benthic Marine Communities." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7494.
Full textDavidson, Fiona. "Predicting Glass Sponge (Porifera, Hexactinellida) Distributions in the North Pacific Ocean and Spatially Quantifying Model Uncertainty." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40028.
Full textMcQuillan, Lea. "Species richness, density and cover of sponge assemblages on temperate reefs off Perth, Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/359.
Full textPotens, Renee Michelle. "Characterization of the Marine Sponge Amphimedon compressa Microbiome Across a Spatial Gradient." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/413.
Full textYasman. "Structure elucidation, biological activity, and ecology of terpene isocyanides from Phyllidiid species (Nudibranchia) and their sponge preys from The Thousand Islands National Park, Indonesia." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979729696.
Full textVargas, Ramirez Sergio. "Evolution and ecology of antarctic sponges." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-141266.
Full textPeters, Kevin J. "The chemical ecology of Antarctic sponges." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/peters.pdf.
Full textAdditional advisors: Bill J. Baker, James B. McClintock, Donald D. Muccio, Robert W. Thacker. Description based on contents viewed June 3, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.
López, Acosta María. "Silicon consumption by marine sponges: an empirical approach and its ecological implications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663476.
Full textEl silicio (Si), en su forma disuelta de ácido silícico (DSi), es un nutriente clave en el océano. Su disponibilidad en los ecosistemas marinos la regulan varios grupos de organismos, los cuales consumen DSi para construir sus esqueletos de sílice (BSi). Debido a que las diatomeas son el consumidor de Si más abundante, los intentos por cuantificar el uso del Si en el océano se han centrado principalmente en estos organismos, considerando el papel de los otros usuarios de Si como irrelevante. Durante las últimas décadas, algunos estudios han sugerido que al menos otro grupo, las esponjas silíceas, también están jugando un papel no-despreciable en el consumo de Si en los ecosistemas marinos. Las esponjas marinas son animales abundantes en los ecosistemas bentónicos. Es sorprendente que, pese a que el 80% de las especies necesitan DSi para formar sus esqueletos, casi no existe información disponible sobre cómo las esponjas consume dicho nutriente. De hecho, antes del comienzo de esta tesis (inicios del 2014), solo unos pocos estudios habían investigado el consumo de DSi en esponjas marinas, con modelos cinéticos sólo disponibles para dos géneros de demosponjas. Así, el principal objetivo de este trabajo fue mejorar el conocimiento general de cómo las esponjas utilizan DSi, facilitando futuras cuantificaciones del papel de las esponjas como usuarias de Si. Primero, investigamos las cinéticas de consumo de DSi en cinco especies de esponjas, incluida, por primera vez, una especie de la Clase Hexactinellida. También examinamos las fuentes de variabilidad entre especies y entre individuos, detectando que en algunas especies pueden ocurrir cambios estacionales en las cinéticas de consumo. Además, determinamos por primera vez la tasa de uso de DSi en esponjas en su hábitat natural (in situ). Los resultados, significativamente concordantes con los estimados por modelos cinéticos obtenidos en el laboratorio, respaldan el uso de incubaciones largas (>24h) en el laboratorio para investigar las cinéticas de consumo de DSi en esponjas. Finalmente, usamos toda la información empíricamente obtenida durante esta tesis para estimar el uso de DSi por parte de una comunidad de esponjas al nivel de ecosistema: la bahía de Brest (Francia). En resumen, este trabajo muestra que las esponjas tienen un papel relevante como usuarios de Si, incluso en un ecosistema somero en donde las diatomeas contribuyen ampliamente a la biomasa fitoplanctónica. Nuestros resultados también indican que el papel de las esponjas en los ecosistemas marinos aumenta junto con la disponibilidad de DSi. Por tanto, se predice que las esponjas jueguen un papel importante como usuarios de Si en hábitats profundos y de latitudes altas, caracterizados por alta disponibilidad de DSi. Todo ello indica que las esponjas silíceas deben ser consideradas como usuarios de DSi si queremos cuantificar de forma precisa el ciclo del Si a través de los ecosistemas marinos.
Gonzalez, Rivero Manuel Alejandro. "The ecology of bioeroding sponges on Caribbean coral reefs." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3574.
Full textPuyana, Monica. "Chemical ecology of Caribbean sponges of the genus Aplysina /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035429.
Full textGriffiths, Sarah Miriam. "Molecular approaches in conservation and ecology research in marine sponges." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2018. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/620378/.
Full textVargas, Ramirez Sergio [Verfasser], and Gert [Akademischer Betreuer] Wörheide. "Evolution and ecology of antarctic sponges / Sergio Vargas Ramirez. Betreuer: Gert Wörheide." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020790687/34.
Full textGomes, Hélder Alexandre Campos. "Ecological and biotechnological potential of sponge microbiome." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15450.
Full textMarine sponges harbor microbial communities of immense ecological and biotechnological importance. Recently, they have been focus of heightened attention due to the wide range of biologically active compounds with potential application, particularly, in chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, we still lack fundamental knowledge of their microbial ecology and biotechnological potential. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has given rise to a new range of tools that can help us explore the biotechnological potential of sponges with incredible detail. Metagenomics, in particular, has the power to revolutionize the production of bioactive compounds produced by unculturable microorganisms. It can offer the identification of biosynthetic genes or gene clusters that can be heterologously expressed on a cultivable and suitable host. This review focus on the exploration of the biotechnological potential of sponge-associated microorganisms, and integration of molecular approaches, whose increasing efficiency can play an essential role on achieving a sustainable source of natural products.
As esponjas marinhas abrigam comunidades microbianas de grande importância ecológica e biotecnológica. Recentemente, estas têm recebido maior atenção devido ao grande número de compostos com actividade biológica, com potencial aplicação, particularmente, nas indústrias química, cosmética e farmacêutica. No entanto, a ecologia e o potencial biotecnológico dos seus microrganismos ainda permanecem largamente desconhecidos. O desenvolvimento de tecnologias de sequenciação de alta resolução deu origem a novo grupo de abordagens que nos podem ajudar a explorar o potencial biotecnológico das esponjas com um detalhe sem precedentes. As abordagens metagenómicas, em particular, tem poder para revolucionar a produção de compostos com actividade biológica produzidos por microrganismos não cultiváveis, ao permitir a identificação de genes ou clusters de genes biosintéticos com capacidade para serem expressos heterologamente num organismo hospedeiro adequado e cultivável. Esta revisão foca particularmente a exploração do potencial biotecnológico dos microrganismos associados a esponjas, e a integração de abordagens moleculares, cuja eficiência crescente pode desempenhar um papel essencial no desenvolvimento de uma fonte sustentável de produtos naturais.
Evans, K. L. "Biodiversity of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae) in the UK : taxonomy, distribution, and ecology." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3001399/.
Full textRicciardi, Anthony. "Taxonomy, distribution and ecology of the freshwater sponges (Porifera:Spongillidae) and bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of eastern Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61081.
Full textSacristán, Soriano Oriol. "Chemical and microbial ecology of thc demosponge Aplysina aerophoba = Ecología química y microbiana de la demosponja Aplysina aerophoba." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128858.
Full textEl filo Porifera (Grant, 1836) está compuesto por metazoos sésiles con un sistema acuífero diferenciado del que forman parte los coanocitos que generan un flujo de agua unidireccional. A pesar de no presentar auténticos tejidos, las esponjas pueden llegar a desarrollar dos regiones bien definidas, el ectosoma (capa externa) y el coanosoma (región interna). Estos organismos representan un grupo ecológicamente importante del bentos marino con gran capacidad de adaptación y dispersión en muchos hábitats, contribuyendo así en la organización y funcionamiento a nivel de comunidad y ecosistema. Una de las claves del éxito evolutivo de las esponjas yace en la relación estrecha que presentan desde el Precámbrico con microorganismos a través de la cual desarrollaron una protección química. Muchas esponjas habrían utilizado los metabolitos secundarios de origen microbiano como defensa química. A día de hoy se han desarrollado dos áreas de investigación, la ecología química y la microbiana de esponjas, de las que realmente desconocemos su origen o su impacto. Dado el vacío existente de estudios que evalúen la comunidad bacteriana de esponjas como fuente de compuestos bioactivos, teníamos la oportunidad de integrar estos dos campos de la ecología de esponjas investigando la relación entre productos naturales y microorganismos simbiontes, con el fin de entender la funcionalidad de la comunidad bacteriana en el huésped. Esta tesis fue concebida para estudiar la ecología química y microbiana de la esponja Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, 1833), cuya química y comunidad bacteriana asociada han sido objeto de muchos estudios previos. El principal objetivo fue explorar las fuentes de variación tanto de los productos naturales adscritos a Aplysina como de su estructura microbiana e inferir una posible relación entre comunidad de microorganismos y la producción de metabolitos secundarios. La aproximación que utilizamos consistía en explorar la variabilidad natural de los compuestos bioactivos y de la estructura microbiana de la esponja Aplysina aerophoba a distintas escalas espaciales (desde pocos centímetros hasta miles de kilómetros) y temporales (meses, años), y evaluar el efecto de factores ambientales, como la luz, en los perfiles químicos y microbianos. Posteriormente, correlacionar ambos patrones de variación e inferir alguna asociación potencial entre productos naturales y simbiontes microbianos. Resumiendo, la producción de metabolitos secundarios en esponjas y la composición filogenética de la microbiota asociada depende esencialmente de la especie de esponja, de los factores ecológicos con variación espacial y temporal, como también del estado del huésped (si presenta o no estrés). La combinación entre factores abióticos y bióticos determinará en última instancia la abundancia de defensas químicas y la diversidad microbiana debido a una autorregulación entre ambos tipos de factores.
Kaye, Heather R. "Reproduction and bacterial symbiosis in Caribbean commercial sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75960.
Full textSymbiotic bacteria in these four sponge species are specific to the sponges and different from ambient seawater bacteria. Populations of intercellular bacteria within the tissues of these sponges are greater than those of ambient seawater. A variety of morphologically different types of sponge specific bacteria were observed. The symbionts are not fastidious organism but utilize a variety of amino acids, carbohydrates and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as sole carbon and energy sources for growth. The bacteria showed sensitivities to a variety of antibiotics but were not susceptible to fluid from the sponges.
These sponges are viviparous and probably dioecious. Egg production and larval development are localized in patches or "nurseries" of endosomal tissue. Statistical analyses of specific morphological characteristics of female reproductive elements have identified four specific stages in the process of oogenesis. Umbilici connect young and maturing embryos to the maternal mesohyl and are the pathway for extracellular transfer of intercellular symbiotic bacteria and other mesohyl substances. These bacteria were observed in the embryos and larvae of all four species. Oocytes and embryos develop asynchronously within a given individual. Spermatogenesis occurs synchronously within cysts by transformation of entire choanocyte chambers. Cysts develop asynchronously within an individual. Male gametes exhibit a bright yellow-white autofluorescence when excited with blue light (460-485 nm). Spermatozoa do not possess intermediate segments or acrosomes.
The incubated parenchymella larvae of these four species are ovoid with dark grey pigmentation and enlarged posterior regions encircled by a black pigmented ring of cells bearing long cilia. Laboratory behavioural studies indicate that free-swimming larvae display directional swimming with constant rotation and negative phototaxis. Larval behaviour probably reflects the ecological situation of adult populations. Larval settlement occurs 26-56 hours after release and involves the rapid formation of a basal lamella between the larvae and substrate. There is no evidence of substrate selection or orientation by larvae. Precocious development of choanocytes does not occur in the larvae or post-larvae of these four species.
Barnes, Peter Brendan. "Environmental impacts and the ecology of sponges and ascidians in south-eastern Australian coastal lakes and lagoons." Department of Biological Sciences - Faculty of Science, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/849.
Full textAndré, Stéphane. "Caractérisation et écologie microbienne de lignes de production de conserves." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS047/document.
Full textMicrobial contaminants of safety concern represent most of time, in canned food, an industrial risk which is well mastered. However, the spoilage flora, due to its high heat resistance, is responsible for major economic losses. Nevertheless, these bacteria remained poorly characterized. Based on the works realized during last 10 years within the EMaiRIT'S unit of microbiology of the CTCPA (expertise unit of the French Technical Center of the Preservation of Food, focused on Management of Industrial Risk liked to Heat Resistant Spores), the main objective of this thesis were: i) to identify and to characterize, with the aim of its later control, the spoilage spore forming bacteria florae ii) to identify the origin of these florae in canning factories and finally iii) to determine ways of control.For that purpose, a current inventory of spore forming bacteria in spoiled canned food was made with the cooperation of 122 canning factories over more than 10 years in France. This characterization of the spoilage species allowed the elaboration of a molecular biology tool (SporeTraQTM) for quick identification of these germs or their detection within a complex population. In parallel, the improvement of the knowledge about the heat resistance of these species, main characteristic of the spores, was led. In addition, the chemical resistance of spores was investigated. When identified, we tried to localize these spores on canning factories lines, with several sampling plans, on various vegetables. At the end, the specific spore forming bacteria related to the industrial canning process was identified, characterized and localized, allowing to improve the microbial risk control either by a more efficient cleaning, and through optimized process schedules. Furthermore, this work was driven within a benefic / risk approach representing the future of the food-processing evolution with improvement of the nutritional quality and the preservation of the sanitary control.This thesis leans on 5 publications of rank A
Holmes, Katherine E. (Katherine Elizabeth). "The effects of eutrophication on clionid (Porifera) communities in Barbados, West Indies." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23896.
Full textHelber, Stephanie [Verfasser], Claudio [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Richter, and Peter [Gutachter] Schupp. "Chemical ecology of Western Indian Ocean reef sponges / Stephanie Helber ; Gutachter: Claudio Richter, Peter Schupp ; Betreuer: Claudio Richter." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111775684X/34.
Full textSniegula, Szymon. "Correlation between photoperiod and development rate in the damselfly Lestes sponsa (Hansemann) : A compensating mechanism across latitudes?" Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30010.
Full textAlthough there is much theoretical and empirical data about the life history responses of time constrained organisms, little is known about the latitude compensating mechanism that enables northern populations’ developmental rates to compensate for latitude. To investigate the importance of photoperiod on development and growth, I collected adults and raised the offspring of the obligatory univoltine damselfly Lestes sponsa from two populations at different latitudes (53º N and 63º N). The offspring were raised in a common laboratory environment at 21º C and at the two photoperiods corresponding to the sites of collection. Field data showed that adult and egg sizes decreased towards the higher latitude. This adult size difference was a genetically fixed trait since the same size difference between populations was also found when larvae where reared in the laboratory. All studied individuals expressed shorter development time and faster growth rates under northern photoperiod regimes. Northern damselflies showed fixed body size and mass at emergence despite being reared at different photoperiod conditions. Similarly, southern individuals kept body size at emergence constant at both photoregimes, but overcompensated shorter development time in the northern photoregime by gaining higher body mass than in original,southern photoregime. There was no difference in hatching synchronisation between larvae from the south and the north. I found evidence of higher synchrony at adult emergence among northern individuals. The previous investigation of L. sponsa phenology in natural conditions together with these laboratory results indicate the presence of the latitude compensating mechanism that is triggered by a response to photoperiod. A positive correlation between photoperiod and developmental rate in this damselfly, and probably in many other temperate insect species, might be adaptive since it optimises the life history stage transitions and body size/mass at each latitude.
Ginn, Brian Kendell. "Ecology, systematics, and feeding rate of sponges on subtidal hard substrates in Little Letite Passage, Deer Island, New Brunswick." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23799.pdf.
Full textSantos, Marina Fernandes Barbosa dos. "Predação, eutrofização e respostas metabólicas em comunidades incrustantes de substratos artificiais na Baía da Ilha Grande, RJ." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5153.
Full textAs comunidades marinhas são afetadas por diversos fatores, que dentro do contexto de estrutura trófica, podem ser divididos em forças bottom-up (forças ascendentes), como por exemplo, a disponibilidade de nutrientes, e forças top-down (forças descendentes), como por exemplo, a predação. Além de modificações na estrutura das comunidades e populações de organismos, essas forças podem influenciar a produção de metabólitos secundários pelos organismos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das perturbações ambientais geradas pelas manipulações separadas e interativas de exclusão de macropredadores e enriquecimento com nutrientes sobre a estrutura e sobre as respostas metabólicas de comunidades marinhas incrustantes de substratos artificiais no costão rochoso de Biscaia, Baía da Ilha Grande, RJ. O desenho experimental utilizou blocos de concreto como substrato artificial, os quais foram espalhados aleatoriamente na região de infralitoral do costão rochoso. O experimento compreendeu o uso de blocos Controle (ausência de manipulação) e quatro tratamentos, todos com cinco réplicas cada. Os tratamentos foram: tratamento Exclusão de predação (gaiola contra a ação de macropredadores), tratamento Nutriente (sacos de fertilizante de liberação lenta), tratamento Nutriente + exclusão de predação (gaiola contra ação de macropredadores e sacos de fertilizante de liberação lenta) e o tratamento Controle de artefatos (gaiola semifechada para avaliar geração de artefatos). Uma área de 15 x 15 cm do bloco foi monitorada a cada 20 dias, totalizando dez medições. Foram utilizados métodos de monitoramento visual e digital de porcentagem de cobertura por espécie. O enriquecimento com nutrientes foi avaliado através de medições da concentração dos nutrientes Ortofosfato, Nitrato, Nitrito e Amônio na água do entorno do bloco. Para analisar os possíveis artefatos foi realizado experimento de fluxo de água (método Clod card) e a luminosidade dentro das gaiolas foi medida. Os dados demonstraram modificações na estrutura das comunidades bentônicas incrustantes dos substratos artificiais devido às manipulações realizadas, ou seja, pelo enriquecimento com nutrientes, pela exclusão de predação e pela interação entre os dois fatores (Nutriente + exclusão de predação). Além disso, diferenças metabólicas foram detectadas nas substâncias extraídas dos organismos dos diferentes tratamentos do experimento. Esses resultados indicam a existência de controle top-down e bottom-up sobre a comunidade bentônica do local.
Marine communities can be affected by many factors. Within the context of trophic structure, these factors can be divided into bottom-up forces, such as nutrient availability, and top-down forces, for example, predation. In addition to changes in the structure of communities and populations of organisms, these forces can influence the production of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental perturbations generated by separate and interactive manipulations of macropredators exclusion and nutrient enrichment on the communitys structure and the metabolic responses of marine fouling communities of artificial substrates in Biscaia rocky shores, Ilha Grande Bay, RJ. The experimental design used concrete blocks as artificial substrate. The blocks were randomly scattered in the sub tidal region of the rocky shore. The experiment involved the use of Control blocks (no manipulation) and four treatments with five replicates each. The treatments were: Predator Exclusion treatment (cages excluding macropredators), Nutrient treatment (packs with slow-releasing fertilizer), Nutrient + predator exclusion treatment (cage excluding macropredators and packs with slow-releasing fertilizer), and Artifacts control treatment (semi-closed cage to assess artifacts effects). An area of 15 x 15 cm of each block was monitored every 20 days, totaling ten measurements. Visual and digital species percentage coverage methods were used. To assess nutrient water enrichment, we measured concentration of nutrients (orthophosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) in the water. To evaluate possible cages experimental artifacts, a water flow test (Clod card method) was performed, and luminosity inside the cages was measured. Data demonstrated changes in the structure of fouling communities on artificial substrates due to the manipulations performed, i.e., the nutrient enrichment, predation exclusion and the interaction between these two factors (Nutrient + predator exclusion). Moreover, differences were observed in substances extracted from organisms in different treatments of the experiment. These results indicate the existence of top-down and bottom-up controls on the benthic community of this site.
Bigley, Christopher T. "Multi-Locus Evidence of a Late Pleistocene Divergence and Sex-Biased Dispersal in The North American Wood Duck (Aix Sponsa)." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1323883896.
Full textMorganti, Teresa Maria. "In situ direct study of filtration and respiration rate of Mediterranean sponges = Estudio in situ de la filtración y la respiración de esponjas mediterráneas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397747.
Full textLes esponges juguen un paper important en el funcionament del ecosistemes marins on hi son abundants. Les funcions atribuïdes a les esponges son molt diverses i inclouen entre altres actuar com estabilitzadores del substrat, així com fer de lligam entre la columna d'aigua i el bentos en l'anomenat acoblament bento-pelàgic; aquest procés te lloc mitjançant una captura eficient de partícules i el retorn de compostos modificats per l'activitat metabòlica de les esponges. Tot i que les esponges han estat punt de mira en l'interès científic durant els darrers anys, s'identifica encara una manca de coneixement de la seva fisiologia. Aquesta tesi es centra en l'ecofisiologia de cinc especies d'esponges emblemàtiques del coral·ligen Mediterrani. Utilitzant una aproximació energètica s'ha avaluat les interaccions entre possibles limitacions fisiològiques en les esponges i fluctuacions estacionals en els paràmetres ambientals a les que estan sotmeses en la natura. En aquesta tesi contribuïm al coneixement encara limitat dels mecanismes energètics que regulen la dinàmica estacional de les esponges així com en aportar informació sobre el perfils metabòlics divergents entre les esponges amb alta (HMA) i baixa (LMA) concentració de microbis associats segons les seves diferents estratègies adaptatives. Amb aquest objectiu examinem in situ l'alimentació, la filtració i la respiració al llarg d'un cicle anual. En primer lloc comencem desenvolupant un sistema que permeti la quantificació de compostos particulats i dissolts processats per les esponges en el seu habitat natural. En termes d'alimentació hem observat que totes les especies retenen molt eficientment el plàncton i que el carboni orgànic dissolt (DOC) es la seva principal font de carboni. Respecte als fluxos de nitrogen s'ha trobat diferents nínxols tròfics entre especies amb diferent concentració de microbis associats: especies HMA depenen bàsicament de compostos dissolts com a font de nitrogen mentre que les especies LMA depenen de la fracció particulada. Curiosament, la variació en la tassa de filtració al llarg de l'any no segueix el cicle de temperatura. El període de temperatura mes alta no va coincidir amb les tasses de filtració mes elevades suggerint que altres mecanismes intrínsecs a les esponges, com pot ser una disminució en la quantitat de coanòcits durant el cicle de reproducció, podrien regular el metabolisme de les esponges. Per altra banda la respiració ha mostrat un patró estacional seguint les fluctuacions naturals de la temperatura. La combinació d'aquests resultats ens ha permès estimar el balanç energètic global, aquest sembla estar regulat per un increment en la demanda energètica a l'estiu coincidint amb un increment en la disponibilitat de carboni orgànic dissolt en la columna d'aigua. Els nostres resultats també han mostrat diferencies en el perfil de limitació energètica entre especies HMA i LMA coincidint amb les seves diferents estratègies en la captura de nutrients. Les especies LMA sembla que obtenen suficient energia per cobrir el seu metabolisme a partir de la matèria particulada de l'aigua, essent la fracció dissolta un aportació addicional de carboni. Contràriament en especies HMA la nutrició heterotròfica sembla ser insuficient per cobrir els requeriments metabòlics basals suggerint altres vies metabòliques rellevants per cobrir el balanç energètic.
Wedén, Christina. "Black Truffles of Sweden : Systematics, Population Studies, Ecology and Cultivation of Tuber aestivum syn. T. uncinatum." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk botanik, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4675.
Full textNyberg, Kruys Åsa. "Phylogenetic relationships and species richness of coprophilous ascomycetes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-625.
Full textCoprophilous ascomycetes are a diverse group of saprobes, of which many belong to three families, Delitschiaceae, Phaeotrichaceae and Sporormiaceae, within the large order Pleosporales. The natural relationships and circumscription of these families are unclear, especially within the family Sporormiaceae, where the generic delimitation have been questioned. There is also a need to understand how different ecological processes affect species richness and occurrence of coprophilous ascomycetes in general. The aim of this thesis was therefore to test earlier classifications of coprophilous taxa within Pleosporales, using phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences; and to study how the habitat, dung type and herbivores´ food choice may affect the species richness and species composition of coprophilous ascomycetes.
A phylogenetic study shows that coprophilous taxa have arisen several times within Pleosporales. Sporormiaceae and Delitschiaceae are separate monophyletic groups and should continue to be recognized as two distinct families within Pleosporales. Phaeotrichaceae forms a monophyletic group, and is, unexpectedly, a strongly supported sister-group to Venturiaceae, but if they belong to Pleosporales or not, remains unresolved. Testudinaceae and Zopfiaceae, which previously had an unclear position in Ascomycota, are shown to be members of Pleosporales and should be treated as two separate families. The genus Eremodothis is, however, not related to Testudinaceae, but is nested within Sporormiaceae and should be transferred to Westerdykella.
The natural relationships within Sporormiaceae are still not fully resolved and consequently, I suggest a rather conservative generic classification, accepting Preussia, Sporormia, Westerdykella, as well as Sporormiella, despite that the latter is not conclusively well supported as monophyletic. Characters previously used in the taxonomy and classification of Sporormiaceae, as choice of substrate, presence or absence of an ostiole, presence or absence of germ slits, and spore ornamentation, were all homoplastic and not very useful for circumscribing monophyletic groups.
Field-studies of moose (Alces alces), mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) dung resulted in several new species records, which suggests that coprophilous ascomycetes in boreal Sweden are poorly known. Fungal species richness and occurrence on moose dung varied significantly between habitats. Species diversity was negatively associated with amount of insect attack, and insects feeding either on the dung and/or the fungi may be an important factor explaining the observed pattern. Species richness of coprophilous fungi varied also significantly between different dung types. A study of moose, mountain hare, and roe deer dung did not show any consistent patterns in respect to the animals´ digestive system. There was, however, a general strong positive relationship between the total number of ascomycete species and the number of plant species foraged by the three herbivores. Fungal species with large spores (≥ 50 µm) were over-represented on roe deer dung, and under-represented on moose dung, while the reverse was found for species with small spores (<10µm). This suggests that the foraging level of the herbivore, which in turn mirrors species-specific differences in spore dispersal of the fungi, may be an important factor in explaining species richness and diversity of the coprophilous community.
Cohen, Staci Padove. "Functional identification and initial characterization of a fish co-receptor involved in aversive signaling." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29677.
Full textCommittee Chair: McCarty, Nael A.; Committee Co-Chair: Kubanek, Julia; Committee Member: Derby, Charles; Committee Member: Goodisman, Michael; Committee Member: Pardue, Machelle; Committee Member: Weissburg, Marc. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Ivanisevic, Julijana. "Metabolisme secondaire des éponges Homoscleromorpha : diversité et fluctuation de son expression en fonction des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22034.
Full textSecondary metabolism plays a major ecological role in the interactions between the organisms and their environment. An integral study of the organisms’ biology and ecology and the variations of their metabolism is essential for understanding the role of secondary metabolites in the ecosystems. This kind of approach is rare in the marine environment. Small sponge clade Homoscleromorpha constitutes a real potential for the discovery of new species and potentially bioactive molecules. In addition, its dominance in some Mediterranean benthic communities makes it a good model in marine chemical ecology research. This work has started with a description of new species of Oscarella genus, O. balibaloi. This new species forms sometimes, with two other commun Oscarella species, O. tuberculata and O. lobularis, special facies within the coralligenous and semi-dark cave communities. All three Oscarella species are caraterized by a seasonal reproductive cycle with differences in the period of gametogenesis and larval emission as well as the variation in sensitivity facing the changes in thermal regime. Two major lysophospholipid compounds were isolated and caracterized for the first time in O. tuberculata and confirmed in O. lobularis. Their potential role as signal molecules in the reproduction process (embryogenesis and development) was proposed and should be confirmed by experimental studies. One new familly of glycosilated seterterpens (named balibalosides) was found in O. balibaloi. A pluriannual study of species metabolism was performed using three complementary approaches and enabled to test the models of resource allocation to secondary metabolite production. Variation patterns in the expression level of target metabolites, in the metabolic fingerprints and the bioactivities of sponge extracts reflected the significant influence of the reproductive cycle to the secondary metabolite production. Holisitic approaches (métabolomics and bioactivity) pointed out the important modification in the secondary metabolism variation pattern followed by the decrease in bioactivity during the costly period of reproduction (asexual reproduction, embryogenesis and larval development). These results highlight the trade-off in resource allocation between the primary (reproduction) and secondary metabolism and therefore support the Optimal Defense Theory. Metabolomic approach applied to the study of interspecific relations turned out as a good indicator of chemical diversity which allowed the classification of Mediterranean Homoscleromorpha sepcies. The obtained classification was congruent with recent molecular phylogeny results proposing the restauration of two ancient clades within Homoscleromorpha, the Plakinidae, a group of species possesing skeleton and the Oscarellidae, a group of species lacking skeleton. Approaches developed during my thesis opened a numerous perspectives in chemosystematics and marine chemical ecology. The use of metabolic fingerprints can be transposed to other questions in systematics, particularly to demonstrate the existance of cryptic species and to support phylogenetic hypothesis within other problematic clades. [...]
Fortunato, Humberto Freitas de Medeiros. "Biodiversidade e dinâmica estrutural de assembleias de esponjas marinhas (Filo Porifera) da Ilha Grande e cercanias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9043.
Full textEstudos de comunidades de esponjas marinhas são escassos no Brasil, sendo este trabalho pioneiro nessa abordagem para a Ilha Grande - RJ, um local de alta diversidade biológica. A estrutura das assembleias de esponjas marinhas e da comunidade bentônica marinha séssil foi avaliada, a partir de índices descritores de diversidade, em seis pontos da Ilha Grande e ilhas próximas, sendo três do lado continental e três do lado oceânico. As assembleias foram comparadas entre os diferentes lado e profundidade, através da contagem do número de indivíduos e área de cobertura por foto-quadrados. Paralelamente, as esponjas foram coletadas, fixadas e posteriormente identificadas através de metodologia e literatura especializada. Foi encontrado um total de 5.457 indivíduos, representando as Classes Demospongiae e Calcarea, distribuídos em 41 espécies e nove morfotipos, indicando maior diversidade para Lagoa Azul e menor para Parnaióca, sendo o local com maior riqueza a Ilha do Abraão. Dentre as espécies identificadas, quatro dominaram mais de 50% do total e 26 não alcançaram nem 5% da abundância absoluta. Análises de variância por GLM só evidenciaram diferença significativa para profundidade com substratos diferentes (F= 2,79; p<0,04), enquanto o fator lado (F= 2,23; p>0,16) e a interação entre os fatores (F= 1,17; p>0,38) não tiveram diferença estatística. As análises multivariadas de ordenação Cluster e MDS indicaram a formação de quatro assembleias de esponjas: 1) quatro locais com substrato não consolidado; 2) Lagoa Azul com substrato não consolidado; 3) locais oceânicos de substrato rochoso; e 4) locais continentais de substrato consolidado. Já para a comunidade geral, 49 espécies foram encontradas, sendo o Filo Porifera o de maior representatividade específica, apesar das macroalgas terem formado o grupo mais abundante. A comunidade bentônica foi dominada por quatro espécies, que juntas alcançaram média de 50% da cobertura bentônica: alga calcária incrustante, algas formadoras de tapete de turf, a esponja Iotrochota arenosa e o zoantídeo Palythoacaribaeorum. Estatisticamente, o lado continental se mostrou diferente do oceânico, o qual possui maior riqueza, diversidade e uniformidade de espécies, muito provavelmente pelo menor número de espécies dominantes e aliado a isso maior heterogeneidade de habitats, o que promove o aumento da diversidade. Quinze novas espécies estão sendo registradas para a Baía da Ilha Grande, sendo três novas espécies, as quais estão sendo descritas por especialistas, e 12 são novos registros de espécies ou gêneros para a região, evidenciando que a diversidade de esponjas marinhas na BIG é alta e ainda pouco conhecida e que a formação de assembleias pode ser devida a singularidade de cada local, implicando na necessidade de conservação dos costões rochosos da Ilha Grande e cercanias, a qual pode ser manejada através da realização de rápidos levantamentos sobre a riqueza e o número de indivíduos da espécie na região
Marine sponge community studies are scarce in Brazil and this is a pioneering study in this approach on Ilha Grande RJ, a high diversity region. The structure of marine sponges assemblages and sessile marine benthic organisms was evaluated from diversity descriptors index in six sites of Ilha Grande and nearby islands, three in continental side and three on oceanic side. Assemblages were compared between sides and depths counting number of individuals and its coverage area by photo-quadrats method. At the same time, the sponges were collected, fixed and, in lab, identified through specialized methodology and literature. There was a total of 5.457, representing Class Demospongiae and Calcarea, distributed in 41 species and nine morphotypes (50 possible species) with greater diversity to Lagoa Azul on the inside and lower for Parnaióca, outside, while Ilha do Abraão had the greatest richness. Among the identified species, four dominated more than 50% of the total and 26 did not reach even 5% of total abundance. General linear model (GLM) on ANOVA highlighted significant difference only between depths with different substrates (F=2.79; p<0.04), while side (F=2.23; p>0.16) and the interaction between factors did not have differences (F=117; p>0.38). Ordination multivariate analyses, Cluster and MDS, distinguished four sponge assemblages: 1) four sites with unconsolidated substrate; 2) Lagoa Azul with unconsolidated substrate; 3) oceanic sites with hard substratum; 4) continental sites with hard substrate. For the community, 49 species were found and Phylum Porifera was the highest specific representation, despite macroalgae have formed the most abundant group. Encrusting calcareous algae, turf algae, sponge Iotrochotaarenosa, exclusive of the continental side and zoanthid Palythoacaribaeorum added approximately 50% of the benthic cover in all sites. The sides were significantly different with highest richness, diversity and evenness for oceanic side while continental had more abundance of species, most probably due to fewer dominant species. Moreover, greater heterogeneity of habitats may promote increased diversity. The 15 new species now recorded which three are new for science and 12 represent new species or genus records for Ilha Grande Bay revealing this area as one of the highest diverse area in marine sponges from Brazil, despite the low knowlegment. Furthermore, this result implies the need to increase the preservation of the rocky shores of the region and shows that a quick survey of the number of species and their abundance is sufficient to manage a conservation area
Skelton, James. "Evaluation of the trophic ecology of a freshwater sponge and two sponge predators." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1470427.
Full textRickborn, Alissa Jean. "The spatial ecology of a coral reef sponge, aplysina fistularis." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15273.
Full textBannister, Raymond. "The ecology and feeding biology of the sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile." Thesis, 2008. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/5667/1/01_front.pdf.
Full textCook, Sarah Emily. "Ecology of the Hexactinellid sponge reefs on the western Canadian continental shelf." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/646.
Full textWei, Kyo-Yen, and 魏國晏. "The Impact of a Coral-invading Sponge (Terpios hoshinota) on Coral Ecology: An Approach Using Scanning Electron Microscope." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13966044673611867417.
Full text大仁科技大學
生物科技研究所
99
Terpios hoshinota is an encrusting sponge killing corals by growing over them. However, little is known about the interactions between two partners. Examining the Terpios-coral border with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated at least three features displayed at the sponge front, including hairy tips, firm edge, and necrotic tissue. Almost all hairy tips were occupied with cyanobacteria, sponge tissue and spicules. Features of the Terpios-coral border exhibit no specificity to coral species, except for a hydrozoan coral Millepora exaesa displaying reversed growth over the sponge. Under SEM examination, several coral species defended themselves with nematocyst. But, in some cases such that on Isopora palifera, its nematocyst seemed not to retard the invasion of the Terpios. In summary, the exploitation for substratum by T. Hoshinota on coral does not always promise which is the winner. To grow, build clear border or retrogression by the Terpios may rely on the viable condition of both partners.
Du, Preez Cherisse. "Resolving relationships between deep-sea benthic diversity and multi-scale topographic heterogeneity." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5828.
Full textGraduate
0329
0416
0799
cdupreez@uvic.ca
Mercado, Molina Alex E. "Population ecology of the demosponge Amphimedon compressa /." 2007. http://grad.uprm.edu/tesis/mercadomolina.pdf.
Full textKötter, Iris [Verfasser]. "Feeding ecology of coral reef sponges / vorgelegt von Iris Kötter." 2005. http://d-nb.info/975585738/34.
Full text[Verfasser], Yasman. "Structure elucidation, biological activity, and ecology of terpene isocyanides from Phyllidiid species (Nudibranchia) and their sponge preys from The Thousand Islands National Park, Indonesia = (Strukturelle Identifizierung, Biologische Aktivität, und Ökologie von Terpen-Isocyaniden aus Phyllidien (Nudibranchia) und ihren Beuteschwämmen aus Die Thousand Island [Islands] National Park, Indonesien) / vorgelegt von Yasman." 2006. http://d-nb.info/979729696/34.
Full textBattershill, Christopher. "Factors affecting the structure and dynamics of subtidal communities characterised by sponges." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1740.
Full textAdeleye, Matthew A. "A multi-proxy paleoecological study of Anderson Fen, Central Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10211.
Full textGraduate
2020-10-25
Putz, Annika [Verfasser]. "Secondary metabolites from marine sponges, with focus on the chemical ecology and biochemical characterisation of the stress induced biotransformation of Aplysina alkaloids = Sekundärmetabolite mariner Schwämme, mit Schwerpunkt auf der chemischen Ökologie und biochemischen Charakterisierung der stressinduzierten Biotransformation von Aplysina-Alkaloiden / vorgelegt von Annika Putz." 2009. http://d-nb.info/994615175/34.
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