Journal articles: 'Sponge city-concept'

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Li, Xinling, Jinye Wang, and Ning Li. "The Reconstruction of Guilin's Urban Ecological Landscape Based on the Concept of Sponge City." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303015.

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Guilin is an international tourist city famous for its landscape, but the prominent contradiction in water usage becomes one of the key factors that influences and restricts the construction and development of the city. As an effective measure to relieve the contradiction of urban water usage, the concept of “sponge city” has achieved success in many places. Thus, building Guilin urban ecological landscape on the basis of the concept of “sponge city” is of great significance for the effective relief of the contradiction in water usage and the realization of sustainable development. Academic studies point out that for the purpose of the construction of sponge city, the construction of Guilin's urban ecological landscape first need to adopt sponge strategies in urban residential areas, transform or build a virtuous circulating green space system to collect, purify and store rainwater in an effective way. Secondly, build rainwater collection, purification, storage facilities or systems extensively and replenish urban ecological water reserve in the grey system of the city, according to the concept of “sponge”. Thirdly, considering the large area of Guilin city parks, build rainwater self-use rain systems extensively in city parks based on the concept of sponge and substantially reduce external ecological water reserve. Fourthly, reinforce training and learning related to the concept of “sponge city” and the implementation of “sponge city” policies.

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Chao, Wang. "Research on Sponge City Planning Based on Resilient City Concept." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 793, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/793/1/012011.

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Xiayu, Wang, and Wu wei. "Method for Designing Endogenous Runoff Sponge Green Space in the Riverside – A Case Study of the Green Space on the North bank of Yaojiang River in Ningbo." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123604020.

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The riverside green space is an important ecologically sensitive area which connecting urban space and the river. The traditional landscape design method to create riverside green space can no longer meet the requirements of the concept of an ecological city. In recent years, the spongy city concept that has emerged in China which has provided new research ideas for the landscape design of riverside green spaces. Based on the characteristics of endogenous runoff type riverside green space, this paper takes the sponge system of the green space on the north bank of the Yaojiang River as the research object, analysed it’s design strategy, and summarizes the design process and method of the sponge system. The purpose is to provide a reference for the design of the sponge system of the endogenous runoff type riverside green space in the future.

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Huang, Hongli, and Liangsong Li. "Study on Planning and Design of Rainwater System Based on the Concept of Sponge City." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302031.

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In recent years, the concept of sponge city has been applied in different places. There are also many experts on sponge cities who believe that to build a sponge city in the city, we need to improve and optimize the rainwater system. In this way, we can better explore the way to plan and design the stormwater system when conducting the construction of the sponge city. This paper will also analyze and study the characteristics and functions of rainwater system planning in the construction of sponge city, and also point out the difficulties of the city in the construction of sponge city. Nowadays, the city must make clear its optimization direction, methods and principles in the transformation of rainwater system, and the optimization and transformation of rainwater system can also improve the construction progress of sponge city faster. The optimization and application of rainwater system can lay a solid foundation for the construction of sponge city.

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Hermaputi, Roosmayri Lovina, and Chen Hua. "Creating Urban Water Resilience: Review of China’s Development Strategies “Sponge City” Concept and Practices." Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijpd.2.1.1-10.

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These years China's cities faced urban water security problem caused by natural disaster, man-made disaster, and water shortage. Back to the year 2002 until 2015 several cases were raised such as 2002 Guizhou Duyun slag water pollution, 2014 Lanzhou water benzene poisoning cases and the Han River Excessive Ammonia Pollution in Wuhan, Gansu Hui County blood cadmium poisoning cases. Meanwhile, a rainstorm hit Guangzhou in May 2010, Nanjing rainstorm 7.18, and recently Beijing 7.21 big rainstorm who killed about 79 people and Changsha 4.7 big flood in 2015. The "Sponge City" is the answer for China's water issues. Recorded In October 2013 Professor Lin Bingzhang recommend to build a "sponge city" as storm events and flood mitigation action, then in December, Secretary-General Xi Jinping at the central work conference on urbanisation talked about building a natural reservoir, natural infiltration, natural purification "sponge city." Followed the initiative, "Sponge City Construction Technology Guide - Low Impact Development Storm water system builders" had been released in 2014, project financing policy "Finance Building [2014] No. 838" has been established and until the year 2016, 30 cities has been chosen as sponge city urban construction pilot. The sponge city initiative aims to maximise water reservation and minimise the effects of drought and flooding by recycling and efficiently applying water supplies and reserves (AUSTRADE, 2016). This paper tries to elaborate the Sponge City theory and review of several practices in China's cities to create urban water resilience. This research will conduct theory development analysis, sponge city construction's practices analysis and its performance to actualize urban water resilience.

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Wen, Tong, Wen Chen, Liang Zhang, and Xiaoming Liu. "Study on Sponge Campus Planning and Construction in Hilly Areas Under the Concept of Sponge City-A Case Study Hunan City University." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0031.

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Under the background of rapid urbanization, all kinds of urban water problems have gradually come into being: local flooding frequently happens, water environment is deteriorated, water-supply is in tension, etc. Meanwhile, with rapid development of higher education in China, campus area and scale are gradually expanding, but traditional campus construction has many drawbacks. In order to promote sponge campus planning and construction of universities in hilly areas and provide demonstration windows for sponge city construction, based on deficiencies of campus construction of Hunan City University in the aspect of water resource utilization, we used ArcGis spatial analysis method, simulation method and comparative analysis method on Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to establish sponge campus construction indexes, content system and optimal design strategies with objectives of campus water safety, water environment and water resource utilization. Results indicate that: difference between sponge campus planning and traditional campus planning mainly lies in rainfall management. We combed the design process of sponge campus planning in hilly areas from the perspective of rainfall management, and simulated the process of sponge facilities controlling the rainfall in the campus via computer model to verify reasonability of sponge facility planning and select the optimal planning and construction plan. This study has defined design process of sponge campus planning in hilly areas to a certain degree and provided a research basis for sponge campus planning and construction of universities, setting up a typical example and driving effects on solving urban local flooding problem and rainfall resource utilization in hilly areas.

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Yang, Yiwen. "Rainwater Utilization and Construction of Sponge city." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020603012.

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Rainwater utilization is a technical means of comprehensive utilization of rainwater. These include environmentally and economically friendly methods of irrigating farmland and storing water for flushing. The construction of “sponge city” is also the key point that the society pays close attention to nowadays. Rainwater utilization and “sponge city” are to solve the problem of urban waterlogging from the concept to the purpose of construction. Based on certain data, this paper analyzes and expounds the current situation of rainwater utilization at home and abroad, the progress of “sponge city” construction and the desirable experience of advanced countries, summarizes its development trend through case analysis, and puts forward the prospect of future rainwater utilization and “sponge city” construction and development.

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Mi, Jun, and Yulin Luo. "Study on the Overall Construction of Mountainous Town based on the Concept of The Sponge City." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817504009.

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The emergency and significance of the development and construction of sponge cities have become a national issue, and it is urgent to deal with irrational problems and disorganization emerged in the construction of sponge city. Due to the complexity of constructing sponge cities, the macroscopic town planning should be put in the first place, and controlling objects are made in accordance with cities’ different characteristics. Then details in technologies in building sponge cities should be organize.

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Yu, M. M., J. W. Zhu, W. F. Gao, D. P. Xu, and M. Zhao. "Urban permeable pavement system design based on “sponge city” concept." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 82 (August 2017): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/82/1/012027.

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Chen, Yuanzhi. "Study on the Application of Expressway Construction Based on Sponge City Concept." Urban Transportation & Construction 6, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/utc.v6i1.84.

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<p>Currently, in the active trial stage, sponge city concept has been applied in many low-impact development facilities on expressways in China, but many applications are not widely used. From four angles of pavement, slope, interchange and service area of expressway, this paper explains the adverse effects brought by rainwater, and then gives, and it carries out scene analysis combined with actual engineering projects with some feasible application schemes. Finally, the concept of sponge city at present is summarized, and it is considered that the optimal planning and design can be made only after establishing a reliable mathematical model and carrying out quantitative analysis.</p>

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Li, Hongmin, Luping Fan, and Zuxu Zou. "Research on Water Restoration System in Wuhan City Based on Pocket Park Concept." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123701012.

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Wuhan city in Hubei Province is endowed with unique natural water resources and numerous lakes. It has a good framework of natural “green sponge”, which provides a broad space for stormwater regulation and storage. However, with the increase of infrastructure construction in Wuhan, many lakes have been buried and the city is becoming a “hard shell city” made of steel and cement. This article combines the natural landform of Wuhan and the pocket park system theory to make an organic combination of the ongoing urban infrastructure construction and the restorative construction of the municipal water supply system in Wuhan, so as to make an exploratory research for the early construction of Wuhan into a sponge city.

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Jiayu, Hu, Li Manhua, and Shu Yang. "Research on Residential Quarters Based on the Concept of Sponge City." Science Discovery 7, no. 6 (2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20190706.12.

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Li, Bing, Shou Dong, Yue Huang, and Guang Wang. "Development of a Heterogeneity Analysis Framework for Collaborative Sponge City Management." Water 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11101995.

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Rapid urbanization, inappropriate urban planning and the changing climate in many countries have resulted in flooding, water shortage and water pollution around the world. Although the sponge city concept has been applied in both macro-scales and micro-scales to address those challenges, research on the heterogeneity of different cities for sponge city construction and the collaborative management between cities is insufficient. Therefore, this paper proposes a multivariate cluster analysis framework and conducts an empirical study using 96 Chinese cities. By considering the local infrastructure, economic development, water resource distribution, water quality and precipitation characteristics in each city, and integrating the principal component analysis and a self-organizing feature mapping network, this paper shows the potential of regional and interregional sponge city collaborative management. This will provide an opportunity for developing a new sponge city management mechanism and will promote the establishment of multi-functional departments for urban flood control and water quality improvement.

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Luo, Keyu, Zhenyu Wang, Wei Sha, Jiansheng Wu, Hongliang Wang, and Qingliang Zhu. "Integrating Sponge City Concept and Neural Network into Land Suitability Assessment: Evidence from a Satellite Town of Shenzhen Metropolitan Area." Land 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080872.

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Land suitability assessment is fundamental in space control planning and land development because of its effects on land use and urban layout. Rainstorms and waterlogging have become one of the most common natural disasters in the coastal areas of China. As a result, the concept of an ecological sponge city was incorporated into the construction of cities in the future. Taking Shenzhen–Shantou special cooperation zone (SSCZ), we constructed a storm flooding model based on the SCS flow generation model and GIS to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of the flooding risk in a rainstorm of 100-year lasting 1 h. Combined with population and economic indicators, a radial basis function (RBF) network was utilized to evaluate the environmental risk, the vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies, and the rain–flood resilience of sponge cities. The self-organizing feature mapping (SOFM) model was used for cluster analysis. Spatial differences were found in the construction suitability of the study area. A suitable construction area (73.59% of the entire area) was located downtown. The construction of the artificial spongy body in the highest vulnerable area (3.25%) needs to be strengthened. The control construction area (3.3%) is located along the banks of the river, with relatively high risk and low resilience of flood control engineering. Ecological construction (19.85%) serves as the sponge body of ecological buffer. The factors of waterlogging, ecology, population, and economy could be integrated comprehensively by applying neural network methods for urban planning and construction.

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Griffiths, James, Faith Ka Shun Chan, Michelle Shao, Fangfang Zhu, and David Laurence Higgitt. "Interpretation and application of Sponge City guidelines in China." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2168 (February 17, 2020): 20190222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0222.

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‘Sponge City’ is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.

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Feng, Shuxian, and Toshiya Yamamoto. "Preliminary research on sponge city concept for urban flood reduction: a case study on ten sponge city pilot projects in Shanghai, China." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (November 9, 2020): 961–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2020-0019.

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PurposeThis research aimed to determine the differences and similarities in each pilot project to understand the primary design forms and concepts of sponge city concept (SCC) projects in China. It also aimed to examine ten pilot projects in Shanghai to extrapolate their main characteristics and the processes necessary for implementing SCC projects effectively.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and field survey case study were employed. Data were mostly collected through a field survey in Shanghai, focusing on both the projects and the surrounding environment. Based on these projects' examination, a comparative method was used to determine the characteristics of the ten pilot SCC projects and programs in Shanghai.FindingsSix main types of SCC projects among 30 pilot cities were classified in this research to find differences and similarities among the pilot cities. Four sponge design methods were classified into ten pilot projects. After comparing each project size using the same geographical size, three geometrical types were categorized into both existing and new city areas. SCC project characteristics could be identified by combining four methods and three geometrical types and those of the SCC programs by comparing the change in land-use and the surrounding environment in ten pilot projects.Originality/valueThe results are valuable for implementing SCC projects in China and elsewhere and future research on the impact of SCC projects.

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Li, Hongmin, and Lu Yan. "Research on Wuhan Sponge City Construction and Water Resumption System." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301038.

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Pocket parks are small public spaces between building entities which are available to the public. It can be located in a city, suburb, or country. It has a small area and is relatively flexible. According to the characteristics of China's cities, this article puts forward methods and measures for the landscape reconstruction design of existing urban communities in China. The thesis takes a Residential area of a certain district in Wuhan as a design case. It discusses how to combine the landscape design of the existing community with the rainwater problem, the goals, principles and measures of the landscape reconstruction design of the existing community based on the sponge city concept are proposed. Using rainwater as a resource to collect, purify, store, and recycle, alleviate water shortages and urban flood disasters, and it summarizes the methods and strategies for landscape reconstruction design of existing communities. Finally, according to the problems in the residential area and the actual needs of residents, combined with the current conditions of the site, following the design principles of people-oriented and local conditions, the use of sponge city technology measures on the green landscape, roads and parking lots, rooftop landscape of underground garages, plants Matching and other specific reconstruction designs provide theoretical and design references for the application of the "sponge city" concept in the design of urban residential quarters.

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Yawen, Wu, Liu Jun, Xie Haowen, Yu Guangyuan, Zhou Hong, and Yan Yichen. "Towards government mechanisms of sponge city construction in China: insights from developed countries." Water Policy 22, no. 4 (June 3, 2020): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.155.

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Abstract The sponge city concept is a new strategy for China designed to solve its urban water problems. The tasks involved in sponge city construction (SCC) have brought new challenges regarding the urban construction process for local Chinese governments. However, there is still no comprehensive and systematic study of the government mechanisms for guiding the construction of sponge cities. This paper aims to develop an evaluation index system of government mechanisms at the whole-of-nation scale. This system covers five elements of government mechanisms. This evaluation index system covers the specific content of the government mechanism anticipated before the process of SCC. Since work systems, functions, and capacities differ with each given local government, the work mechanism of local governments can be adapted to local conditions according to the research results of this paper. By doing so it is possible to make full use of the constraint and management function of each indicator, so that all departments can constantly optimize the allocation of resources and clarify responsibilities, so as to effectively promote the construction of a sponge city.

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Han, Han, Zhuofu Wang, and Huimin Li. "Incentive Mechanism for Inhibiting Developer’s Moral Hazard Behavior in China’s Sponge City Projects." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6090683.

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As a new sustainable urban development concept, the Sponge city has an important influence on the stormwater treatment. The low-impact development (LID) system of nonpublic lands plays an important role in the entire construction of Sponge city. In the nonpublic lands’ LID system construction, a principal-agent relationship exists between the government and developer and the effect of construction mainly depends on the developer’s operation and management. Due to the asymmetry of information and the different benefit goals, the developer could be prone to take moral hazard behavior to damage the project and public’s interests. In this paper, based on the principal-agent relationship between the government and developer in Sponge city projects, principal-agent incentive models under the existence of developer’s moral hazard tendency were constructed to help the developer invest an optimal efforts level. The results show that an increase in incentive intensity would increase the developer’s optimal level of productive efforts in the presence of developer’s moral hazard tendency; this can indirectly cause an increase in total output performance of Sponge city, thus realizing a “win-win” effect between the government and developer. Likewise, a larger incentive intensity can also help reduce the developer’s moral hazard tendency. The more obvious moral hazard tendency of developer, the larger incentive coefficient should be. The findings provide reference for government seeking to specify incentive contracts from a theory perspective and curbing developer’s potential moral hazard behavior in Sponge city projects.

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Ding, Kun, and Yuan Zhang. "Practical Research on the Application of Sponge City Reconstruction in Pocket Parks Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process." Complexity 2021 (March 25, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5531935.

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The rainwater system is an important part of the urban infrastructure as well as a key hub for maintaining the dynamic operation of the city and a clear indicator of the level of urban development. With the rapid development of urbanization, the hardened area of roads and residential areas has increased, and the construction of rainwater systems is so far insufficient, causing the urban waterlogging and water pollution problems to become increasingly serious. Accordingly, combined with the “sponge city” construction concept of the six-character policy of “seepage, retention, storage, use, purification, and drainage,” we propose to adopt measures for the local conditions and to reasonably select sponge city engineering measures to increase rainwater utilization, effectively reduce rainwater runoff, and alleviate the city waterlogging and water pollution problems. We used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the effect of a sponge city “pocket park” rainwater system in Chaohu City before and after the transformation. The results showed that the pocket park after the renovation was well controlled, the waterlogging was basically eliminated, the water quality pollution was clearly improved, and the ecological environment was significantly improved.

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guo, Mengjing, Wenbo Liu, Wei Wu, and Yingjian Wei. "Stormwater Simulation Based on The Concept of Sustainable Development of Sponge City Construction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 267 (June 8, 2019): 062008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/267/6/062008.

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Hamidi, Ali, Bahman Ramavandi, and George A. Sorial. "Sponge City — An emerging concept in sustainable water resource management: A scientometric analysis." Resources, Environment and Sustainability 5 (September 2021): 100028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2021.100028.

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Zhang, Shuhan, Yongkun Li, Meihong Ma, Ting Song, and Ruining Song. "Storm Water Management and Flood Control in Sponge City Construction of Beijing." Water 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2018): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10081040.

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To solve the problems of increasing local flooding, water shortage, and water pollution caused by the traditional model of urban development, the Chinese government proposed a new model of urban development—the Sponge City. In Beijing, the capital of China, research on storm water management in urban areas has been carried out since 1989 and has put forward the concept of urban storm water harvesting and flood control. The further research and demonstration application started in 2000. So far, a series of policies and technology standards on storm water management have been formulated, which promote the application of technologies on comprehensive urban storm water harvesting and flood control. A significant number of storm water harvesting and flood control projects have been built in Beijing, which are now playing important roles in runoff reduction, local flood control, non-point source pollution reduction, and storm water utilization. However, it does not solve the above problem completely. Storm water management and flood control needs to be further strengthened. The “Sponge City” is based on natural and ecological laws, which allows storm water to be managed with natural infiltration, natural retention and detention, and natural cleaning facilities. Through in-depth analysis of the connotation, characteristics, and construction path of “Sponge City”, this paper summarizes the status quo of urban rainwater flooding, flood control technology development and application, and Beijing policy and engineering to introduce the overall ideas and methods of Sponge City construction. All the above will provide a reference for cities with similar problems in the construction of sponge cities.

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Hadhinata, C., N. Firdaus, and M. M. A. Pratama. "Duri Kosambi Sponge Park: The application of Sponge City concept on green open space in reducing flood intensity in Jakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 847, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/847/1/012030.

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Jiang, Albert Z., and Edward A. McBean. "Sponge City: Using the “One Water” Concept to Improve Understanding of Flood Management Effectiveness." Water 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050583.

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Urban flood-related issues are substantial in China, arising from rapid construction of megacities over decades with insufficient flood control, all being made worse by climate change. Since Sponge City (SC) options are primarily effective at maintaining the water balance at the surface, flooding continues. In response, the One Water concept is used to demonstrate the need to respond to dimensions beyond SC and shown herein to have potential to reduce the impacts of major storms (e.g., suppress 100-year flooding to a 25-year flooding equivalent). However, climate change causes more intense storms, indicating the intensity of the 100-year storm will increase by ~0.23% annually over the next 70 years. Hence, given sufficient SC options, the 100-year storms may only be effectively reduced to a 50-year storm, at best by SC options. “One Water” is utilized as a concept to demonstrate structured thinking about how each dimension of the hydrologic cycle can be employed to consider the degree of interconnection, allowing improved assessment of various components of the hydrologic cycle and SC options. Examples are used to demonstrate how the concept of One Water links the array of components of the hydrologic cycle together, generating a holistic view of urban water resource security.

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Zevenbergen, Chris, Dafang Fu, and Assela Pathirana. "Transitioning to Sponge Cities: Challenges and Opportunities to Address Urban Water Problems in China." Water 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091230.

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At present, the Sponge City Concept (SCC) is gaining ground, Sponge Cities technologies are becoming more and more accepted by Chinese city governments, and the first best practices are being shared. However, there are still many challenges ahead which hamper effective implementation and upscaling. This paper presents an overview of some opportunities and constraints for the take up of this approach and has drawn upon international experiences. In China at the national level, the State Council has set a progressive target for the SCC initiative to be achieved in 2030. This target seems to be ambitious as the time needed for integrative planning and design and implementation is much longer than traditional sectoral approaches often omitting to address social well-being, the (local) economy, and ecosystem health. This particularly holds true for the existing building stock. Transforming the existing building stock requires a long-term planning horizon, with urban restoration, regeneration, and modernization being key drivers for adapting the city to become a sponge city. A key challenge will be to align the sponge city initiative (SCI) projects with infrastructure and urban renovation portfolios. Moreover, substantial investment needs and a lack of reliable financing schemes and experience also provide a huge challenge for China. This calls for an integrative opportunistic strategy that creates enabling conditions for linking the SCI investment agenda with those from other sectors. These transformations cannot be made overnight: completing the transformation process will typically take a life time of one generation. The progress in sustainable urban water management is also impacted by innovations in technologies as well as in management strategies. These technological innovations create fertile ground for businesses to adapt state-of-the-art developments from around the world and contextualize them into fit-for-purpose products. China is well-placed to play a leading role in this process in the coming decade.

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Liang, Changmei, Xiang Zhang, Jun Xia, Jing Xu, and Dunxian She. "The Effect of Sponge City Construction for Reducing Directly Connected Impervious Areas on Hydrological Responses at the Urban Catchment Scale." Water 12, no. 4 (April 18, 2020): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041163.

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Low-impact development (LID) has been widely used at both site-specific and local scales to try and mitigate the impact of urban stormwater runoff caused by increasing impervious urban areas. Recently, the concept of a “sponge city” was proposed by the Chinese government, which includes LID controls at the source, a pipe drainage system midway, and a drainage system for excess stormwater at the terminal. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of sponge city construction at the large urban catchment scale, particularly with different spatial distributions of LIDs that reduce directly connected impervious areas (DCIAs). In this paper, the performances of five design scenarios with different spatial distributions but same sizes of LID controls at the urban catchment scale were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) of the United States Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)—based Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and MIKE 11 of Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) in Xining City, China. Results confirmed the effectiveness of sponge city construction in reducing the urban stormwater runoff. The hydrological performance reduction was positively correlated and linearly dependent on DCIA reduction. Peak flow reduction was most sensitive to DCIA reduction, followed by runoff volume and peak time. As rainfall intensity increased, the hydrological performance was more sensitive to rainfall intensity than DCIA reduction. Results of this study provide new insights for stormwater managers to implement LID more effectively at the urban catchment scale.

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Xu, Qiushi, Xiaohua Shi, and Zai Liu. "Exploration of waterlogging regulation path in the cities on the Loess Tableland in Northwest China based on the concept of Sponge City: a case study of Qingyang City in Gansu Province, a pilot city of National Sponge Cities." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 219 (2021): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26786.

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Buragohain, Poly, Ankit Garg, Peng Lin, Min Hong, Zhang Yi, and S. Sreedeep. "Exploring Potential of Fly Ash–Bentonite Mix as a Liner Material in Waste Containment Systems Under Concept of Sponge City." Advances in Civil Engineering Materials 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 20170092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/acem20170092.

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Huang, Wentong, Xiao Liu, Shaowei Zhang, Yu Zheng, Qile Ding, and Bin Tong. "Performance-Guided Design of Permeable Asphalt Concrete with Modified Asphalt Binder Using Crumb Rubber and SBS Modifier for Sponge Cities." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 7, 2021): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051266.

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The construction of sponge city is a major green innovation to implement the concept of sustainable development. In this study, the road performance of permeable asphalt concrete (PAC), which displays pronounced water permeability and noise reduction that are favorable for sponge cities, has been improved with a two-fold modification using styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and crumb rubber (CR). Four percent SBS and three different ratios (10%, 15%, and 20%) of CR have been used to modify the virgin asphalt binder. The Marshall design has been followed to produce PAC samples. To evaluate the asphalt binder performance, multiple-stress creep-recovery (MSCR) test, linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test, and engineering property test programs including softening point test, penetration test, and rotational viscosity test have been conducted. Freeze–thaw splitting test, Hamburg wheel-tracking test, resilient modulus test, and permeability coefficient test have been performed to evaluate the asphalt mixture performance. The test results show that the addition of SBS and CR reduces the permeability coefficient, but significantly improves the high temperature performance, fatigue performance, and rutting resistance as well as the resilient modulus. However, the optimum rubber content should not exceed 15%. Meanwhile, after adding CR and SBS modifier, the indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) increase. It indicates that the moisture stability and crack resistance have been improved by the composite modification effect.

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Qi, Yunfei, Faith Ka Shun Chan, Colin Thorne, Emily O’Donnell, Carlotta Quagliolo, Elena Comino, Alessandro Pezzoli, et al. "Addressing Challenges of Urban Water Management in Chinese Sponge Cities via Nature-Based Solutions." Water 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102788.

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Urban flooding has become a serious issue in most Chinese cities due to rapid urbanization and extreme weather, as evidenced by severe events in Beijing (2012), Ningbo (2013), Guangzhou (2015), Wuhan (2016), Shenzhen (2019), and Chongqing (2020). The Chinese “Sponge City Program” (SCP), initiated in 2013 and adopted by 30 pilot cities, is developing solutions to manage urban flood risk, purify stormwater, and provide water storage opportunities for future usage. Emerging challenges to the continued implementation of Sponge Cities include (1) uncertainty regarding future hydrological conditions related to climate change projections, which complicates urban planning and designing infrastructure that will be fit for purpose over its intended operating life, and (2) the competing priorities of stakeholders and their reluctance to make trade-offs, which obstruct future investment in the SCP. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) is an umbrella concept that emerged from Europe, which encourages the holistic idea of considering wider options that combine “Blue–Green” practices with traditional engineering to deliver “integrated systems of Blue–Green–Grey infrastructure”. NBS includes interventions making use of natural processes and ecosystem services for functional purposes, and this could help to improve current pilot SCP practices. This manuscript reviews the development of the SCP, focusing on its construction and design aspects, and discusses how approaches using NBS could be included in the SCP to tackle not only urban water challenges but also a wide range of social and environmental challenges, including human health, pollution (via nutrients, metals, sediments, plastics, etc.), flood risk, and biodiversity.

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Buragohain, Poly, Sreedeep S., Peng Lin, and Ankit Garg. "Investigation of fly ash for sorption of copper ions in multiple contaminant system: An implication on re-use of waste material under concept of sponge city." Measurement 124 (August 2018): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.04.013.

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Liu, Pan, Xuejiao Zhang, Min Zhang, and Xueqiang Yang. "Effect of Admixture on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Loess: A Case Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 10, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8810079.

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Hydraulic characteristic of the exposed ground plays an important role in the construction of “sponge city,” which is a popular concept in the world recently. Loess soil, which is a common geomaterial in its distribution area approximately 9.3% of the world’s land surface, usually could not satisfy the engineering requirement only by compacting without any other treatments. This paper aims to investigate the effect of a natural geomaterial, lateritic soil, which is more economical and environmental than the traditional admixtures such as cement and lime, on the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) of compacted loess. A series of falling-head permeability tests on pure loess and lime-treated loess were carried out firstly for comparison; then lime-treated loess mixed with different contents of lateritic soil was tested. To verify the availability of the coverage of high density lateritic soil on pure loess for antipermeability, which is a common treatment in local area, tests of different thickness of the coverage were conducted. The test results revealed that the admixture of lime could obviously decrease ksat of pure loess and 3% might be the most economical content. An empirical algorithm was proposed based on the results to estimate ksat of lime-treated loess of which the lime content is out of the scope studied in this paper, and it would be useful for engineering design and numerical simulation of safety evaluation. The addition of lateritic soil in the 3% lime-treated loess could further decrease ksat and its performance for antipermeability was better than increasing the lime contents simply. The coverage of high density lateritic soil could also improve the antipermeability of loess, and thickness at least of 30 mm was suggested for engineering practice.

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Ding, Kun, Yang Xu, Yi Zhang, and Chen Yang. "Application of low impact development concept in the construction of Shouxian County." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913603021.

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Low Impact Development (LID), also known as low impact design or low impact urban design and development, is a rainwater management method based on the principle of simulating natural hydrological conditions, using source control concepts to achieve stormwater control and utilization. Through the analysis of the current topography, meteorology, rainfall, and urban underlying surface of Shouxian County, the author finds out the cause of the county, and proposes to appropriately improve the design standards in the construction of municipal drainage facilities, and learn from the successful experience of sponge city construction in developed countries. The six-character policy of seepage, stagnation, storage, net, use and platoon is implemented in the engineering practice of the county-level recessed green space, rain garden, grass-growing ditch, infiltration pavement and water system remediation. Through several years of implementation, the phenomenon of sea watching in the county has disappeared, the water saving effect is obvious, the greening of the urban landscape has been greatly improved, and the social, economic and environmental benefits have been significantly improved

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Wenchao, Zhou, and Dorothy Goldsmith. "Urban ecological analysis and health risk assessment under the concept of the sponge city." Work, July 17, 2021, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-205372.

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BACKGROUND: With the advancement of urbanization, the original hydrological environment of the city is damaged. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to solve the problems in urban water ecological environment in urbanization based on the construction concept of the sponge city. METHODS: First, through the analysis of waterlogging caused by urbanization, the construction of the sponge city is proposed, and the function and landscape architecture scheme of the sponge city are introduced. Then, in order to achieve the comprehensive control goal of the sponge city, according to related disciplines and experimental methods, the sponge city is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively from the aspects of environment, resources, security, system and ecology. Finally, the mosquito problem caused by the sponge city landscape is studied from the residents’ subjective feelings through the questionnaire survey. RESULTS: The results show that 60%residents think that the mosquito problem in the residential areas has a “very large” and “relatively large” impact, which has a serious impact on the physical and mental health of residents in the community; female residents are more vulnerable to the interference of mosquitoes; in the residential areas built for 5–10 years, the residents have the strongest feeling of mosquitoes. CONCLUSIONS: This exploration provides a reference for studying the health risk analysis of residents under the construction of sponge city.

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Liu, Huan, Yangwen Jia, and Cunwen Niu. "“Sponge city” concept helps solve China’s urban water problems." Environmental Earth Sciences 76, no. 14 (July 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6652-3.

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"Research on Reconstruction Design Based on Sponge City Concept." Foreign Language Science and Technology Journal Database Engineering Technology, November 2, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47939/et.v1i2.38.

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Shang, Jin. "An Exploration of the Application of Smart Sponge City Engineering System Based on TRIZ Theory." Journal of World Architecture 3, no. 4 (August 27, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jwa.v3i4.825.

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This paper first analyzes the current status of sponge city construction at home and abroad, and combines the actual construction of sponge cities at home and abroad to study and explore its problems in engineering construction. Based on the principle of sustainable development, using TRIZ theory and related engineering theories to further explore the high-efficiency collection of rainwater and high-efficiency comprehensive utilization, and combine the concept of smart city with the practice of sponge city construction to create a new type of sponge city rainwater recycling process system. This method and means of exploring and solving problems is the only way to further develop the construction of sponge cities, and it is also the general law of social development to provide exploratory reference for the construction and development of the sponge city.

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Li, Pingju. "Reflections on the Construction of Water Supply and Drainage in Integrated Pipe Corridor of Sponge City." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 2, no. 4 (November 2, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v2i4.419.

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With the continuous development of economy and society and the continuous improvement of peoplesâ€™ living environment requirements, the concept of sponge city construction has been recognized and understood by more and more people. The country has also recognized the significance of planning and construction of sponge cities. In the process of planning and constructing a sponge city, it is necessary to combine the reality of urban development with the construction of urban water supply and drainage systems and underground pipe corridors to promote the process of urban modernization. Based on this, this paper analyzes the water supply and drainage construction of the integrated pipe corridor in the sponge city.

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Wang, Xianzhi. "Optimization Design of Urban Road Based on the Concept of Sponge City." DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research, ictim (February 19, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtetr/ictim2016/5545.

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Yu, Chen. "“Sponge” Concept -Discussion on the Theory of Stormwater Management Construction in Urban Area." World Construction 5, no. 2 (December 16, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wc.v5i2.73.

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In recent years, many cities and rural areas are facing frequent waterlogging, run-off pollution, huge loss of rainwater resources, damaged ecosystem and many more rain water problems. In regional perspective, how to construct a sustainable stormwater management measure have been presented as an important issue in many cities and urban agglomeration in China. This paper attempts to explain the “big sponge” conceptual point of view through the proposed concept, main construction method and elements, ecological diversity and other perspectives of sponge cities, to provide a basis for the theoretical research of integrated stormwater management construction in regional city group.

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Zhang, Zhenyu, Junjie Gu, Guoshun Zhang, Wenjing Ma, Lei Zhao, Ping Ning, and Jian Shen. "Design of urban runoff pollution control based on the Sponge City concept in a large-scale high-plateau mountainous watershed: a case study in Yunnan, China." Journal of Water and Climate Change, December 13, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.120.

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Abstract China recently commenced the Sponge City initiative for the effective management of urban stormwater runoff. Numerous studies have been carried out to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of low impact development (LID) practices in Sponge City planning and implementation. However, most of the studies were at the site- or subcatchment scale, and few were conducted at the watershed scale, given the dramatically increased routing complexity and number of decision variables. This study demonstrates the cost-effective Sponge City planning process for a 25.90 km2 high-plateau watershed in southwest China. The Stormwater Management Model was coupled with the System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis Integrated (SUSTAIN) model to perform both continuous simulations and watershed-level optimization analyses, using the reduction of 85% annual runoff volume as the optimization target. Based on over 11,000 optimization runs, a near-optimal aggregated LID scenario was identified for each subcatchment. The aggregated LID size was first converted into a generic LID storage volume for individual subcatchments, and the storage volume was then disaggregated into site-level LID layouts regarding specific site conditions. The disaggregated LID layout yielded an annual average runoff volume reduction of 87.61% and close to 85% reduction for the annual average total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus loads. The systematic approach outlined in this study could be used for watershed-level Sponge City planning and implementation analyses in other cities.

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Jin, Mengxiao, Michele Lancia, Yong Tian, Stefano Viaroli, Charles Andrews, Junguo Liu, and Chunmiao Zheng. "Hydrogeological Criteria to Improve the Sponge City Strategy of China." Frontiers in Environmental Science 9 (July 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.700463.

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China is facing frequent waterlogging and an increasing water scarcity that mirrors the fast urban and economic expansion of the last 4 decades. To mitigate these issues, the government promulgated the “Sponge City” strategy; a concept rooted in practices in western countries aimed at collecting and reusing 65–90% of urban rainfall. The application consists of absorbent infrastructures such as green roofs and rain gardens combined with the pre-existing urban environment. However, due to climate heterogeneities and the different urbanization contexts in China, these goals may seem overly ambitious in many areas of the country. Compact urbanization, together with heavy rainfall concentrated in short events, puts dramatic stresses on these infrastructures. At the same time, overdesigned infrastructures are expensive and may not be practical to retrofit in existing urban areas. In this paper, the role of urban aquifers as natural Sponge City elements are investigated throughout China. The method of implementation is inexpensive and easy to apply, favoring the direct infiltration to the subsoil after the conversion of the urban surfaces from impervious to permeable. Infiltration to urban aquifers alleviates the pressure on sewers, urban streams, as well as waste-water treatment plants. Considering urban aquifers with different hydraulic characteristics, water table dynamics after large infiltration events from rainfall are simulated via numerical analysis. Hydrogeological and geomorphological analyses are carried out to individuate criteria for the mapping of high absorbance areas at the regional and local scales. A Sponge City approach involving the urban aquifers can represent a winning formula for the success of this ambitious but compelling plan.

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Qiu, Liyuan, Yu Zhang, Sheng Zhang, Jingwei Zhao, Tengfei Wang, and Qiang Wang. "Rainfall runoff features of permeable sidewalk pavement." Journal of Water and Climate Change, December 9, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.085.

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Abstract In urban areas, the buildings and pavements make it hard for rainwater to infiltrate into the ground. The hardened underlaying sub-crust has increased the total rainfall runoff, pushing up the peak flood flow. Drawing on the construction concept of sponge city, this paper probes deep into the materials in each layer of permeable pavement for sidewalks. Specifically, a runoff model was constructed for sidewalk pavements under rainfall conditions through numerical simulation and model testing. Using the precipitation pattern of Qingdao, China, several combinations of materials were subject to rainfall simulations, revealing how each permeable pavement controls and affects the surface runoff. The results show that the permeability of surface course and sub-crust directly bear on the starting time, peak flow, total runoff and runoff time of sub-catchment runoff; and the latter has a greater impact than the former on sub-catchment runoff.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sponge city-concept'

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