Journal articles on the topic 'Spoken register'
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1
Goulart, Larissa, Bethany Gray, Shelley Staples, Amanda Black, Aisha Shelton, Douglas Biber, Jesse Egbert, and Stacey Wizner. "Linguistic Perspectives on Register." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012644.
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Language users change their written and spoken language according to the situational characteristics and communicative purpose of production—that is, according to the register being produced. Research on registers has focused on register description or patterns of register variation, on detailed analysis of individual linguistic features or an account for the use of a broad range of linguistic features, and on the distinction between written and spoken registers. In this review, we survey register studies according to the register being investigated: spoken, written, electronic/online, literary, or historical. This survey also shows that recent register studies have focused on more specialized written and spoken domains and that the use of corpus linguistics tools and advanced statistical methods such as multidimensional analysis has allowed for broad analyses of the language used in different registers. Finally, we point to areas of register research that need further investigation.
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Hidayah, Nurul. "A Descriptive Study of Registers Found in Spoken and Written Communication (A Semantic Analysis)." Register Journal 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v2i2.121-134.
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This research is descriptive study of registers found in spoken and written communication. The type of this research is Descriptive Qualitative Research. In this research, the data of the study is register in spoken and written communication that are found in a book entitled "Communicating! Theory and Practice" and from internet. The data can be in the forms of words, phrases and abbreviation. In relation with method of collection data, the writer uses the library method as her instrument. The writer relates it to the study of register in spoken and written communication. The technique of analyzing the data using descriptive method. The types of register in this term will be separated into formal register and informal register, and identify the meaning of register.Keywords: Register; Spoken and Written Communication; Jargon; Slang; Motherese
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Laws, Jacqueline, and Chris Ryder. "Register variation in spoken British English." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16036.law.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to identify the effect of register variation in spoken British English on the occurrence of the four principal verb-forming suffixes: ‑ate, ‑en, ‑ify and ‑ize, by building on the work of Biber et al. (1999), Plag et al. (1999) and Schmid (2011). Register variation effects were compared between the less formal Demographically-Sampled and the more formal Context-Governed components of the original 1994 version of the British National Corpus. The pattern of ‑ize derivatives revealed the most marked register-based differences with respect to frequency counts and the creation of neologisms, whereas ‑en derivatives varied the least compared with the other three suffixes. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of these suffix profiles in the context of spoken language reveal markers of register formality that have not hitherto been explored; derivative usage patterns provide an additional dimension to previous research on register variation which has mainly focused on grammatical and lexical features of language.
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Biber, Douglas, and Mohamed Hared. "Dimensions of register variation in Somali." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 41–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095439450000065x.
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ABSTRACTThe present study uses a multidimensional approach to analyze the linguistic characteristics of Somali spoken and written registers. Somali is unusual in that it has a very short history of literacy (only since 1973), but at present it has a wide range of written and spoken registers, including governmental, educational, and public information uses. It thus represents a very different language type from previously described languages. We analyze the distribution of 65 linguistic features across 279 texts from 26 spoken and written registers, using factor analysis to identify five major dimensions of variation. None of these dimensions defines an absolute dichotomy between spoken and written registers, although three of the dimensions can be considered “oral/literate” parameters. As in the multidimensional analyses of other languages, the present study shows that no single dimension adequately describes the relations among spoken and written registers; rather, each dimension reflects a different set of communicative functions relating to the purpose, general topic, degree of interactiveness, personal involvement, production circumstances, and other physical mode characteristics. In the conclusion, we briefly discuss our findings relative to previous multidimensional analyses of English, Tuvaluan, and Korean, laying the foundation for cross-linguistic analyses of universal tendencies of register variation.
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Crossley, Scott, and Max M. Louwerse. "Multi-dimensional register classification using bigrams." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 12, no. 4 (December 20, 2007): 453–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.12.4.02cro.
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A corpus linguistic analysis investigated register classification using frequency of bigrams in nine spoken and two written corpora. Four dimensions emerged from a factor analysis using bigram frequencies shared across corpora: (1) Scripted vs. Unscripted Discourse, (2) Deliberate vs. Unplanned Discourse, (3) Spatial vs. Non-Spatial Discourse, and (4) Directional vs. Non-Directional Discourse. These findings were replicated in a second analysis. Both analyses demonstrate the strength of bigrams for classifying spoken and written registers, especially in locating distinct collocations among spoken corpora, as well as revealing syntactic and discourse features through a data-driven approach.
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Baek, Jae-Pa. "Register Analysis Study of the Korean Simultaneous-Occurrence Suffixes ‘-eumyeo’ and ‘-eumyeonseo’." Dongnam Journal of Korean Language and Literature 54 (November 30, 2022): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21654/djkll.2022.54.1.121.
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This study aims to determine the distribution by register of the verbal suffixes -eumyo (-으며) and -eumyeonseo (-으면서) ‘while, during’ indicating simultaneous occurrence. To this end, a standard corpus was developed based on the Sejong corpus, and the distributions of the two forms by spoken/written and formal/informal speech registers were analyzed. The loglikelihood ratio (G2) values were then used to verify the statistical significance of the distributional differences. The results show that -eumyo is predominantly used in speaking (G2 = 2301.66), while -eumyeonseo is widely used in both spoken and written registers, though it is more common in the latter (G2 = 39.97). Both -eumyo and -eumyeonseo occurred more frequently in the formal speech register, although the difference was smaller for -eumyo (G2 = 29.47) than in writing, while the difference for -eumyeonseo was statistically insignificant (G2 = 0.95). This study allows objective conclusions to be drawn regarding similar grammatical items that have received conflicting explanations and is significant in showing the value of register analysis and depiction methods.
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Zhang, Dan, Minglu Xu, and Yunhua Qu. "A corpus-based study on Chinese modification patterns of nouns across registers." Glottometrics 51 (2021): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53482/2021_51_392.
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Nominal modification works to describe and restrict noun phrases, making the information delivery more vivid and precise. In English, the communicative functions of different modification patterns of head-nouns have been studied in a lot of corpus-based investigations of the written and the spoken registers, but few corpus-based register studies have been ever conducted in Chinese. This research takes the initiative attempt to conduct a corpus-based study on Chinese modification patterns across registers. A one-million-word corpus including both written and spoken Chinese is first built and all the modification patterns of noun phrases are extracted in Chunker, a self-developed colligation query and analysis tool. Through classification of modification patterns and statistical processing, the study displays the distributions of simple and complex modification patterns and the relationship between the frequency of modification patterns and the information density across registers and discusses the functional implication of such distributions and relationship under the guidance of Biber’s register theory.
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Love, Robbie, Vaclav Brezina, Tony McEnery, Abi Hawtin, Andrew Hardie, and Claire Dembry. "Functional variation in the Spoken BNC2014 and the potential for register analysis." Register Studies 1, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 296–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18013.lov.
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Abstract This article focuses on how register considerations informed and guided the design of the spoken component of the British National Corpus 2014 (Spoken BNC2014). It discusses why the compilers of the corpus sought to gather recordings from just one broad spoken register – ‘informal conversation’ – and how this and other design decisions afforded contributors to the corpus much freedom with regards to the selection of situational contexts for the recordings. This freedom resulted in a high level of diversity in the corpus for situational parameters such as recording location and activity type, each of which was captured in the corpus metadata. Focussing on these parameters, this article provides evidence for functional variation among the texts in the corpus and suggests that differences such as those observed presently could be analysable within the existing frameworks for analysis of register variation in spoken and written language, such as multidimensional analysis.
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Biber, Douglas, Mark Davies, James K. Jones, and Nicole Tracy-Ventura. "Spoken and written register variation in Spanish: A multi-dimensional analysis." Corpora 1, no. 1 (May 2006): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2006.1.1.1.
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There have been few comprehensive analyses of register variation conducted in a European language other than English. Spanish provides an ideal test case for such a study: Spanish is a major international language with a long social history of literacy, and it is a Romance language, with interesting linguistic similarities to, and differences from, English. The present study uses Multi-Dimensional (MD) analysis to investigate the distribution of a large set of linguistic features in a wide range of spoken and written registers: 146 linguistic features in a twenty-million words corpus taken from nineteen spoken and written registers. Six primary dimensions of variation are identified and interpreted in linguistic and functional terms. Some of these dimensions are specialised, without obvious counterparts in the MD analyses of other languages (e.g., a dimension related to discourse with a counterfactual focus). However, other Spanish dimensions correspond closely to dimensions identified for other languages, reflecting functional considerations such as interactiveness, personal stance, informational density, argumentation, and a narrative focus.
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Fang, Alex Chengyu, and Min Dong. "Shell nouns as register-specific discourse devices." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 26, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 219–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.19059.fan.
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Abstract This article provides a corpus-based investigation into shell nouns. Shell nouns perform a variety of referential functions and express speaker stance. The investigation was motivated by the fact that past research in this area has been primarily based on written texts. Very little is known about the use of shell nouns in speech. The study used the ICE-GB corpus of contemporary British English and investigated cataphoric shell nouns complemented by appositive that-clauses across fine-grained spoken and written registers. It has revealed that the deployment of shell nouns is governed by the principle of register formality definable in terms of contextual configurations of the Field-Tenor-Mode complex rather than the mode of production. Additionally, the study has uncovered the frequent use of a small core set of shell nouns common across speech and writing. Hence it argues that shell nouns are part and parcel of spoken and written discourse and that they pertain more to grammar than to lexis.
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Goulart, Larissa. "Register variation in understudied academic contexts." Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2022): i—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.10.02.01.
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A major focus of register research has been language variation in academic discourse. These studies describe patterns of language use in spoken and written academic texts. Although there have been numerous studies of this type, most have focused on academic registers in English and on descriptions of published academic registers (e.g. textbooks, research articles, and abstracts). Much less work has been caried out on academic registers in other languages or unpublished academic registers. This special issue presents five studies describing the language patterns of understudied academic discourse in English (learners’ writing and statutory law), as well as descriptions of published academic registers in languages other than English (Russian, Portuguese, and Arabic). We hope that the papers in this special issue will pave the way for future research in other understudied academic contexts.
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Lundquist, Björn, Maud Westendorp, and Bror-Magnus S. Strand. "Code-switching alone cannot explain intraspeaker syntactic variability: Evidence from a spoken elicitation experiment." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 43, no. 3 (November 16, 2020): 249–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586520000190.
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AbstractWe address the question whether speakers activate different grammars when they encounter linguistic input from different registers, here written standardised language and spoken dialect. This question feeds into the larger theoretical and empirical question if variable syntactic patterns should be modelled as switching between different registers/grammars, or as underspecified mappings from form to meaning within one grammar. We analyse 6000 observations from 26 high school students from Tromsø, comprising more than 20 phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic variables obtained from two elicited production experiments: one using standardised written language and one using spoken dialect as the elicitation source. The results suggest that most participants directly activate morphophonological forms from the local dialect when encountering standardised orthographic forms, suggesting that they do not treat the written and spoken language as different grammars. Furthermore, the syntactic variation does not track the morphophonological variation, which suggests that code/register-switching alone cannot explain syntactic optionality.
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Le Foll, Elen. "Register variation in school EFL textbooks." Register in L1 and L2 Language Development 3, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 207–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.20009.lef.
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Abstract This study applies additive Multi-Dimensional Analysis (MDA) (Biber 1988) to explore the linguistic characteristics of ‘school English’ or ‘textbook English’. It seeks to find out how text registers commonly featured in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks differ from comparable registers found outside the EFL classroom. To this end, a Textbook English Corpus (TEC) of 43 coursebooks used in European schools is mobilised. The texts from six textbook register subcorpora and three target language corpora are mapped onto Biber’s (1998) ‘Involved vs. Informational’ dimension of General English. Register accounts for 63% of the variance in these dimension scores in the TEC. Additional factors such as textbook level, series and country of publication/use only play a marginal role in mediating textbook register variation. Textbook dialogues score considerably lower than the Spoken BNC2014, whereas Textbook Fiction scores closest to its corresponding reference Youth Fiction Corpus. Pedagogical and methodological implications are discussed.
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WEIR, ANDREW. "Left-edge deletion in English and subject omission in diaries." English Language and Linguistics 16, no. 1 (February 17, 2012): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067431100030x.
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This article discusses deletion in spoken and written English. It notes that subjects are frequently dropped both in informal spoken English (Napoli 1982; Zwicky & Pullum 1983b) and in certain registers of written English such as diaries (Haegeman 1990, 1997, 2007; Haegeman & Ihsane 1999, 2001). The article argues in favour of Napoli's phonological analysis of left-edge deletion in spoken English, and provides a formalisation of Napoli's account in the framework of Selkirk's (1995, 2001, 2011) optimality-theoretic analysis of syntax–phonology mapping. A comparison is drawn with the case of subject drop in the diary register. Due to the difference in surface distribution of the phenomenon between the spoken and written cases, the analysis cannot transfer directly. However, I suggest that, combined with arguments made by Haegeman (2002) for a sentence-medial position for modifiers in written English, the phonological analysis can account for a large subset of the diary drop cases.
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Liu, Dilin, and Daniel Myers. "The most-common phrasal verbs with their key meanings for spoken and academic written English: A corpus analysis." Language Teaching Research 24, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168818798384.
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English phrasal verbs (PVs) are ubiquitous and often polysemous. These lexical items are thus very important, but also challenging for ESL/EFL learners. Substantial research that can inform instructional approaches to PVs has already been conducted. One strand of this research has focused on identifying PVs that merit prioritization in learning. For example, Garnier and Schmitt (2015) developed a list of the most frequent meanings expressed by the 150 most common PVs. The present study extends their work by examining and comparing the meaning distributions of the 150 most common PVs in spoken English and in academic writing, arguably the two registers that ESL/EFL learners study the most. Using the spoken sub-corpus and the written academic sub-corpus of the Corpus of Contemporary American English, the study evaluates whether the proportional frequencies of PVs’ meanings vary across the two registers. The results show a significant cross-register difference in an overwhelming majority of the 150 most common PVs. The findings suggest that instructional approaches to PVs should indeed prioritize different meanings of PVs depending on the kind of register learners engage with. A list of the PVs with their main meanings in each of the two registers is made available as an online supplement .
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Kang, Beom-mo. "The alternative negative constructions in spoken and written Korean: Logistic regression analysis." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 15, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 419–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2016-0021.
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AbstractAdopting quantitative corpus-based methods, this paper focuses on the alternative negative constructions in Korean, [anV] and [Vanhda]. Logistic regression analyses for a mixed-effects model were carried out on data drawn from the Sejong Korean Corpus. Certain features of the verb or adjective in negative constructions significantly affect the use of the two negative constructions. A relevant factor is register/medium (spoken or written), among other significant interactions of factors. Furthermore, the fact that frequency is consistent with other relevant factors, together with certain diachronic facts of Korean, supports the claim that frequency of use plays an important role in linguistic changes. Another finding is that, notwithstanding noticeable differences between spoken and written language, the factors influencing the use of the two negative constructions in Korean are largely similar in the spoken and written registers.
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Hellmuth, Sam. "Sentence Prosody and Register Variation in Arabic." Languages 7, no. 2 (May 24, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020129.
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Diglossia in Arabic differs from bilingualism in functional differentiation and mode of acquisition of the two registers used by all speakers raised in an Arabic-speaking environment. The ‘low’ (L) regional spoken dialect is acquired naturally and used in daily life, but the ‘high’ (H) variety, Modern Standard Arabic, is learned and used in formal settings. Register variation between the two ends of this H–L continuum is ubiquitous in everyday interaction, such that authors have proposed distinct intermediate register levels, despite evidence of mixing of H and L features, within and between utterances, at all linguistic levels. The role of sentence prosody in register variation in Arabic is uninvestigated to date. The present study examines three variables (F0 variation, intonational choices and post-lexical utterance-final laryngealization) in 400+ turns at talk produced by one speaker of San’ani Arabic in a 20 min sociolinguistic interview, coded for register on three levels: formal (fusħa), ‘middle’ (wusṭaː) and dialect (ʕaːmijja). The results reveal a picture of key shared features across all register levels, alongside distinct properties which serve to differentiate the registers at each end of the continuum, at least some of which appear to be under the speaker’s control.
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Plag, Ingo, Christiane Dalton-Puffer, and Harald Baayen. "Morphological productivity across speech and writing." English Language and Linguistics 3, no. 2 (November 1999): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674399000222.
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Claims about the productivity of a given affix are generally made without differentiating productivity according to type of discourse, although it is commonly assumed that certain kinds of derivational suffixes are more pertinent in certain kinds of texts than in others. Conversely, studies in register variation have paid very little attention to the role derivational morphology may play in register variation.This paper explores the relation between register variation and derivational morphology through a quantitative investigation of the productivity of a number of English derivational suffixes across three types of discourse in the British National Corpus (written language, context-governed spoken language, and everyday conversations). Three main points emerge from the analysis. First, within a single register, different suffixes may differ enormously in their productivity, even if structurally they are constrained to a similar extent. Second, across the three registers under investigation a given suffix may display vast differences in productivity. Third, the register variation of suffixes is not uniform, i.e. there are suffixes that show differences in productivity across registers while other suffixes do not, or do so to a lesser extent. We offer some tentative explanations for these findings and discuss the implications for morphological theory.
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BIBER, DOUGLAS, RANDI REPPEN, and SUSAN CONRAD. "Developing linguistic literacy: perspectives from corpus linguistics and multi-dimensional analysis." Journal of Child Language 29, no. 2 (May 2002): 449–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902235345.
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In their conceptual framework for linguistic literacy development, Ravid & Tolchinsky synthesize research studies from several perspectives. One of these is corpus-based research, which has been used for several large-scale research studies of spoken and written registers over the past 20 years. In this approach, a large, principled collection of natural texts (a ‘corpus’) is analysed using computational and interactive techniques, to identify the salient linguistic characteristics of each register or text variety. Three characteristics of corpus-based analysis are particularly important (see Biber, Conrad & Reppen 1998):[bull ] a special concern for the representativeness of the text sample being analysed, and for the generalizability of findings;[bull ] overt recognition of the interactions among linguistic features: the ways in which features co-occur and alternate;[bull ] a focus on register as the most important parameter of linguistic variation: strong patterns of use in one register often represent only weak patterns in other registers.
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Badem, Nebahat, and Tuğba Şimşek. "A Comparative Corpus-based Study on the Use of Phrasal Verbs by Turkish EFL Learners and L1 English Speakers." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 12, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.12n.6.p.55.
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This quantitative study aims to reveal the most frequently used phrasal verbs (PVs) by L1 speakers of English and Turkish EFL learners in written and spoken registers. With the purpose of spotting any overuse and/or underuse by Turkish EFL learners, it compares their usage to L1 English speakers’ through four corpora – two learner corpora and two native corpora. Additionally, the study investigates the most frequent adverbial verb particles (AVPs) and lexical verbs (LVs) in phrasal constructions comparing learners and native speakers. The results show that although LV types differ to a large extent, Turkish EFL learners display a similar profile to L1 English speakers in terms of types of PVs and AVPs. However, these verbs and particles are significantly underused, especially in spoken register – a result that contradicts previous research. Specifically, within the scope of this study, regardless of the register Turkish learners tend to favour few AVPs out of the mostly used ten while leaving out the others. The findings might be of use to EFL teachers regarding raising their students’ awareness on the contextual use of PVs in different registers with a combination of both implicit and explicit teaching in mind. In addition, learners can benefit from the ready-made PV lists to enhance their prospective usage in meaningful contexts.
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Engkent, Petrusiak. "Real People Don't Talk Like Book: Teaching Colloquial English." TESL Canada Journal 3 (August 26, 1986): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v3i0.1007.
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Register is an important feature of language use, but has often been neglected in language teaching. A systematic presentation of register differences and use would help students minimize register errors. The language of the streets must be brought into the classroom so that students can cope with everyday spoken English. In this paper, different characteristics of conversational English are discussed.
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Bourns, Stacey Katz. "Toward an Understanding of Spoken French and Linguistic Register: Pedagogical Recommendations." French Review 91, no. 2 (2017): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tfr.2017.0000.
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Larsson, Tove. "Grammatical stance marking across registers." Register Studies 1, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 243–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18009.lar.
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Abstract There are sets of grammatical stance markers that are morphologically and semantically related, but that differ with regard to their syntactic realization (e.g., importantly, it is important that and the importance of). Little attention has, however, been paid to how these pattern across registers. This study examines eleven such sets across five registers in apprentice and expert production to investigate which register(s) the apprentice writers’ use is closest to and what that can tell us about their adherence to academic norms. The results show that there is a cline from the a priori more formal registers to the less formal registers for the stance markers investigated. When the apprentice writers’ usage was mapped onto this cline, it became clear that their usage diverged slightly from that of the academic experts, thus indicating a lack of register awareness. Yet, very little evidence was found to support previous claims of the ‘spoken-like’ nature of learner writing.
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Sardinha, Tony Berber, Carlos Kauffmann, and Cristina Mayer Acunzo. "A multi-dimensional analysis of register variation in Brazilian Portuguese." Corpora 9, no. 2 (November 2014): 239–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2014.0059.
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In this paper, we present a Multi-Dimensional analysis of Brazilian Portuguese, based on a large, diverse corpus comprising forty-eight different spoken and written registers. Previous research in MD analysis includes multi-register investigations of a range of languages, including English, Spanish, Somali and Korean, among others. At the same time, a large body of literature on text varieties in Brazilian Portuguese exists, but previous research focusses on specific aspects of one, or at the most, a few varieties at a time and, therefore, does not present a comprehensive picture of register use in the linguistic community of Brazilian Portuguese speakers. In this study, we attempt to fill this gap by employing the MD framework, enabling researchers to account for a large number of different registers, based on a wide repertory of linguistic features. The analysis revealed six dimensions of variation, which are presented, illustrated and discussed here.
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Reuneker, Alex. "Clause order and syntactic integration patterns in Dutch conditionals." Linguistics in the Netherlands 37 (October 27, 2020): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00041.reu.
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Abstract Conditional clauses in Dutch can occur in sentence-initial and sentence-final position. For sentence-initial conditionals, a number of syntactic integration patterns are available. This corpus study investigates to what extent clause order and syntactic integration are associated with text mode (spoken, written) and register (formal, informal). Sentence-initial position of the conditional clause is shown to be most frequent in both modes and registers, although sentence-final position is more frequent than one would expect based on the literature, especially in written texts. The distribution of syntactic integration patterns shows a clear difference between modes, as full integration of the conditional clause into the main clause is most frequent in written texts, whereas the use of the resumptive element dan (‘then’) is most frequent in spoken texts.
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Lee, Jaeseob. "A Comparative Study of Korean Degree Adverbs in Spoken and Written Register." Korean Semantics 71 (March 31, 2021): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19033/sks.2021.03.71.47.
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Yoon, Choongil. "Writing Like Speaking: Spoken Register Features in Korean EFL Learners' Argumentative Writing." Korean Journal of Applied Linguistics 31, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.17154/kjal.2015.12.31.4.153.
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AlHamdany, Hayder, Michelle Picard, Nina Maadad, and Darmawan Darmawan. "Spoken Register and Iraqi Students in an English for Academic Purposes Program." International Journal of Literacies 19, no. 3 (2013): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-0136/cgp/v19i03/48785.
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Biber, Douglas. "Text-linguistic approaches to register variation." Register Studies 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 42–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18007.bib.
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Abstract Douglas Biber, Regents’ Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University, authors this article exploring the connections between register and a text-linguistic approach to language variation. He has spent the last 30 years pursuing a research program that explores the inherent link between register and language use, including at the phraseological, grammatical, and lexico-grammatical levels. His seminal book Variation across Speech and Writing (1988, Cambridge University Press) launched multi-dimensional (MD) analysis, a comprehensive framework and methodology for the large-scale study of register variation. This approach was innovative in taking a text-linguistic approach to characterize language use across situations of use through the quantitative and functional analysis of linguistic co-occurrence patterns and underlying dimensions of language use. MD analysis is now used widely to study register variation over time, in general and specialized registers, in learner language, and across a range of languages. In 1999, the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Biber et al.) became the first comprehensive descriptive reference book to systematically consider register variation in describing the grammatical and lexico-grammatical patterns of use in English. Douglas Biber’s quantitative linguistic research has consistently demonstrated the importance of register as a predictor of language variation. In his own words, “register always matters” (Gray 2013: 360, Interview with Douglas Biber, English Language & Linguistics).
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Griffith, Mark. "The register of divine speech in Genesis A." Anglo-Saxon England 41 (December 2012): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675112000014.
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AbstractThe article argues from an empirical study of the alliterative and metrical characteristics of the speeches of Genesis A that the poet made a concerted attempt to differentiate between the spoken language of God and that of mortal speakers. In particular the analysis shows that divine language is highly patterned, alliteratively ornate and unusually hypermetric. The most extreme effects are generated by the genres of benediction and malediction. The evidence shows that the poet was also able to use the rules of his poetics effectively for rhetorical ends. An attempt is made finally to link this characterising of the divine voice with the Biblical vox tonantis.
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Pažanin, Marin, and Ivana Petrović. "Sports live text commentary as a hybrid register." St open 3 (December 24, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/so.3.14.
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Aim: To present and analyze features of live text commen-tary (LTC) as a recent register of the English language using examples from the coverage of UEFA Euro 2020. The paper explores the influence of spoken language and sports an-nouncer talk (SAT) on the register. It focuses on the differ-ences and similarities between LTC and SAT and presents an overview of features unique to LTC.Methods: LTC was examined as a text variety following Chovanec’s (2018) analysis and using the register perspec-tive proposed by Biber and Conrad (2009). Examples from fourteen LTCs reporting on the UEFA Euro 2020 competition held in June/July 2021 were analyzed, including their typ-ical situational and linguistic characteristics and some of their functions.Results: LTC is a hybrid register that exemplifies today’s convergence of different media. LTCs take the context of production from live blogs, while their language is main-ly reminiscent of SAT, including tense usage and adoption of certain forms. Spoken language, in general, is also an in-fluence, especially on the syntactic and grammatical levels. Distinct LTC features include the internal structure, icons, and interactiveness of the text. The analyzed commentaries feature clearly outlined sections (e.g., opening and closing posts) that serve specific discursive purposes. Icons have a particular function in LTC; their meaning is well-estab-lished, and they sometimes function as utterances. Another remarkable characteristic is the intertextuality derived from text contributions provided by various spectators of the sports event, including fans. This interaction is, at times, simulated. Conclusion: The paper confirmed LTC as a hybrid format with avenues for further hybridization. In LTC, we see an intertwining of different elements, which, taken together, produce a new whole in a process typical of the conver-gence seen in the media today. The most innovative aspects of LTC, the intertextuality, interactiveness, and co-produc-tion of a text, are limited.
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Khamesian, Minoo. "ESP/EAP as a Specific Register of Scientific English." Armenian Folia Anglistika 7, no. 2 (9) (October 17, 2011): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2011.7.2.066.
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The article studies the theoretical bases, origin and key development trends of EAP/ESP as a separate discipline. The research includes numerous and various modern approaches. Albeit there is disagreement and discrepancy among scholars, the definitions put forward in their theories show the way ESP/EAP have developed since they were first spoken of at the initial stage of their formation. The research shows that to equip learners with appropriate knowledge to be able to perform effectively in the target community it is always important to employ the content-relevant approach and take the target situation into consideration.
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Ravid, Dorit, and Ruth A. Berman. "Developing linguistic register across text types." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 1 (February 18, 2009): 108–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.04rav.
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The study considers the topic of linguistic register by examining how schoolchildren, adolescents, and adults vary the texts that they construct across the dimensions of modality (spoken/written discourse) and genre (narrative/expository discourse). Although register variation is presumably universal, it is realized in language-specific ways, and so our analysis focuses on Israeli Hebrew, a language that evolved under peculiar socio-historical circumstances. An original procedure for characterizing register — as low, neutral, or high — was applied to four text types produced by the same speaker-writers. We found that across all age groups, “neutral” items constituted the bulk of the material, and that the lexicon accounted for some 80% of variation. Developmentally, we found that acquisition of fully flexible register variation continues beyond adolescence. Finally, we observed that text types range on a cline from everyday colloquial usage in oral narratives to more formal, high-level language in written expository essays. These results are discussed in light of their implications for the nature of register variation, later language development, and the sociolinguistics of contemporary Hebrew.
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Karapetjana, Indra, and Jeļena Lokastova. "Register of Electronic Communication at Sea." Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture 5 (June 5, 2015): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/bjellc.05.2015.05.
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Electronic communication is one of most frequent written communication means used by marine officers to exchange any information relevant to the safety of life at sea. Due to dire consequences which might be a result of miscommunication caused by a lack of proper English language use, the International Maritime Organization highlights the importance of working knowledge of written English for marine officers. Since there is limited research on the linguistic aspects of Maritime English correspondence, it is important to determine the linguistic features of this specific maritime genre. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a register analysis of a specialized corpus of electronic mail, written by chief engineers. The results revealed that professional electronic communication among chief engineers exhibits the features of written and spoken register and creates a hybrid form constructing a new genre of language use. The findings of this study revealed some register features, for example, the omission of some parts of speech, abbreviations and shortened forms of specific terminology and the use of emoticons.
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Ross, Alexandra. "(Un)spoken: The register and display of the artist’s voice in the museum." de arte 51, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2016.1176382.
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Darong, Hieronimus Canggung. "REGISTER CATEGORIES (FIELD, TENOR, MODE) OF THE TEXT." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 25, no. 2 (October 7, 2022): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v25i2.4724.
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This study is concerned with the employment of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory in analyzing a speech text. The selected text was reconstructed into some clauses and sentences and subsequently was analyzed in terms of its field, tenor, and mode. The results of the analysis have shown that the register category of the field of the text is the action of America’s change. The tenor as the realization of the interpersonal meaning of the text was the establishment of an intimate relationship that enables the orator to gain support from the audience. Meanwhile, the mode of the texts is categorized as spoken mode because the texts make use of simple nominal groups. Further studies need to cope with other ways of examining field, tenor, and mode as proposed by SFL theory.
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Xhafçe, Zeqije. "Use of Turkisms in the Register of Khutbahs in the Albanian Language." Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju, no. 69 (January 18, 2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48116/issn.2303-8586.2019.69.71.
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The present research deals with an important part of the Albanian lexicon known as Turkisms which has been the subject of numerous studies of the Balkan languages. Namely, this research aims at analyzing the presence and status of Turkisms in khutbahs as a specific register of the spoken language. The analysis of the use of this part of the Albanian lexicon is done based on the theory of corpus linguistics, the theory of languages in contact and the sociolinguistic approach to language varieties. The study relies on the linguistic multifunctionality and pluralism, on the basis of which we claim that the use of Turkisms in different registers and styles disables their replacement with Albanian words. The study was conducted in search of the answer to the question: Have Turkisms shifted from formal to in-formal registers?
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LaFlair, Geoffrey T., and Shelley Staples. "Using corpus linguistics to examine the extrapolation inference in the validity argument for a high-stakes speaking assessment." Language Testing 34, no. 4 (September 19, 2017): 451–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532217713951.
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Investigations of the validity of a number of high-stakes language assessments are conducted using an argument-based approach, which requires evidence for inferences that are critical to score interpretation (Chapelle, Enright, & Jamieson, 2008b; Kane, 2013). The current study investigates the extrapolation inference for a high-stakes test of spoken English, the Michigan English Language Assessment Battery (MELAB) speaking task. This inference requires evidence that supports the inferential step from observations of what test takers can do on an assessment to what they can do in the target domain (Chapelle et al., 2008b; Kane, 2013). Typically, the extrapolation inference has been supported by evidence from a criterion measure of language ability. This study proposes an additional empirical method, namely corpus-based register analysis (Biber & Conrad, 2009), which provides a quantitative framework for examining the linguistic relationship between performance assessments and the domains to which their scores are extrapolated. This approach extends Bachman and Palmer’s (2010) focus on the target language use (TLU) domain analysis in their study of assessment use arguments by providing a quantitative approach for the study of language. We first explain the connections between corpus-based register analysis and TLU analysis. Second, an investigation of the MELAB speaking task compares the language of test-taker responses to the language of academic, professional, and conversational spoken registers, or TLU domains. Additionally, the language features at different performance levels within the MELAB speaking task are investigated to determine the relationship between test takers’ scores and their language use in the task. Following previous studies using corpus-based register analysis, we conduct a multi-dimensional (MD) analysis for our investigation. The comparison of the language features from the MELAB with the language of TLU domains revealed that support for the extrapolation inference varies across dimensions of language use.
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Namboodiripad, Savithry, and Marc Garellek. "Malayalam (Namboodiri Dialect)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 47, no. 1 (January 21, 2016): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100315000407.
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Malayalam ( /malajaːɭam/; ISO 639) is a Dravidian language (Southern branch) spoken by over 33 million people in India, predominantly in Kerala (Lewis, Simmons & Fenning 2013). The language is diglossic, with the formal register used in written media and orally in formal settings. Colloquial Malayalam, for which there is no standard orthography, varies by region and social community (Asher & Kumari 1997). The speech illustrated below is representative of the variety spoken by the Namboodiri subcaste of Brahmins in and around Kochi, a city in central Kerala. The Namboodiri subcaste was traditionally a land-owning priestly class, and until relatively recently, the community was very insular. Consequently, the dialect differed from standard Malayalam as it is spoken today; this is discussed in some detail in U. Namboodiripad (1989, personal communication).
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Song, Jie, Yunhua Qu, Xiaonan Zhu, Xiaoying Wang, and Yifan Zhang. "A Multi-dimensional Approach to Register Variations in Mandarin Chinese." Glottometrics 51 (2021): 39–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53482/2021_51_393.
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Multi-dimensional Analysis (MD) is a quantitative corpus-based approach which describes and interprets patterns of register variations through factor analysis of a set of linguistic fea-tures across text varieties, and reveals their systematic relationships with communicative purposes. The model has been employed to explore language variation in many languages (e.g., English, Somali, Nukulaelae Tuvaluan, Korean, and Spanish), yet insufficient research has been carried out on register variation in Mandarin Chinese on a full scale. In this research, 88 linguistic features are tagged in a balanced corpus composed of 20 Mandarin Chinese spoken and written registers. Through factor analysis, five dimensions which consist of 65 linguistic features are identified and interpreted from linguistic and functional perspectives. The first two dimensions, interactive vs. informational discourse and narrative vs. non-narrative concern, are similar to dimensions that have been claimed to constitute universal parameters of register variation in previous MD studies. The exist-ence of two potential universal dimensions suggests that the basic communicative purposes and functions underlying the different languages are markedly similar, given the existing social, cultural, and linguistic dissimilarities. Dimension 4, casual real-time speech with stance, is identified as a distinctive dimension in Mandarin Chinese. Dimension 3, explicit-ness in cohesion and reasoning, and Dimension 5, abstract information, are found to be as-sociated with foreign influence, and their register variation patterns illustrate how foreign contact affects Chinese register variation in a quantitative manner.
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Brandberg, Anna, and Irvine A. Amzel. "Culture value on community life behavior of the phonetic and phonology." Linguistics and Culture Review 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2017): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v1n1.2.
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The research aimed to describe the culture value on community life behavior of the phonetic and phonology. The processes through on the values of cultural forms are formulated, maintained and communicated across social populations. A focus is the emergence and spread of a prestige register of spoken British English. It was called ‘Received Pronunciation’. The number of characterological discourses of speech and accent that articulate the values of the register and bring them into circulation before particular audiences. The historical spread of the register was linked to the circulation of such discourses. We propose specific models for understanding the circulation of discourse across social populations and the means by which these values are recognized, maintained, and transformed.
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Gast, Volker, Christian Wehmeier, and Dirk Vanderbeke. "A Register-Based Study of Interior Monologue in James Joyce’s Ulysses." Literature 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/literature3010004.
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While fictional orality (spoken language in fictional texts) has received some attention in the context of quantitative register studies at the interface of linguistics and literature, only a few attempts have been made so far to apply the quantitative methods of register studies to interior monologues (and other forms of inner speech or thought representation). This article presents a case study of the three main characters of James Joyce’s Ulysses whose thoughts are presented extensively in the novel, i.e., Leopold and Molly Bloom and Stephen Dedalus. Making use of quantitative, corpus-based methods, the thoughts of these characters are compared to fictional direct speech and (literary and non-literary) reference texts. We show that the interior monologues of Ulysses span a range of non-narrative registers with varying degrees of informational density and involvement. The thoughts of one character, Leopold Bloom, differ substantially from that character’s speech. The relative heterogeneity across characters is taken as an indication that interior monologue is used as a means of perspective taking and implicit characterization.
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Seoane, Elena. "Modelling morphosyntactic variation in World Englishes from a register perspective." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 55 (December 20, 2017): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20176817.
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This paper addresses Miller’s (2000) and Brown and Miller’s (2017) hypothesis that the adverbs just, (n)ever and yet are becoming markers of perfect meaning in spoken English, and this at the expense of weakening semantically and reducing the use of the have + past participle periphrasis. The hypothesis is tested in eight varieties of Present-Day English from the perspective of Usage Based Theory (Bybee 2006, 2011, 2013) and with a corpus-based, onomasiological methodology. The results confirm the hypothesis only partially; crucially, data reveal that in order to model morphosyntactic variation in a rigorous way we need to adopt a register perspective such as that used by Biber and associates (e.g. Biber and Gray 2016), who demonstrate that language variation and change is mediated by register variation.
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Alexiadou, Artemis, Vasiliki Rizou, and Foteini Karkaletsou. "A Plural Indefinite Article in Heritage Greek: The Role of Register." Languages 7, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020115.
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This paper investigates the use of kati “some” by Greek Heritage Speakers (HSs) in comparison to monolinguals. While all Greek determiners are marked for gender, case, and number, and agree with their nominal complement, kati is an exception, as it lacks agreement and combines only with plural nouns. Building on the existing literature, we show that its function is to remain vague about the number of individuals/entities denoted. Our hypothesis is that vague language (VL) is a feature of informal conversations and of the spoken language. To this end, we conducted a study in which Heritage Speakers of Greek and monolingual speakers of Greek participated in a production task held in two distinct settings and modalities. In addition, we performed corpus searches to see how both monolingual and Heritage Speakers use kati. The results show that monolingual speakers do indeed prefer kati in the informal register, while Heritage Speakers overgeneralize its use across registers. Our findings confirm the use of vague language in informal registers and oral modality and support claims in the literature on register levelling by Heritage Speakers. Focusing on monolinguals’ repertoire, a judgment task with different levels of formality was additionally performed. These results in principle align with our hypothesis and signal that neither frequency nor other informality contexts trigger a higher rate for kati.
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Koyalan, Aylin, and Simon Mumford. "Changes to English as an Additional Language writers’ research articles: From spoken to written register." English for Specific Purposes 30, no. 2 (April 2011): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2010.10.001.
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Lewandowski, Marcin. "The language of online sports commentary in a comparative perspective." Lingua Posnaniensis 54, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-012-0006-0.
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Abstract Marcin Lewandowski. The Language of Online Sports Commentary in a Comparative Perspective. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. L IV (1)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-103-7, pp. 65-76. This paper attempts to describe a relatively new media genre (or as the author prefers to see it, an electronic register), i.e., online sports commentary (OSC). The analysis concerns English-language online live soccer match reports, and is based on a methodological framework proposed by D. Biber and S. Conrad (2009), who in register studies emphasize the correlation between the situational characteristics and lexico-grammatical features of a particular language variety. The paper also aims to compare the register in question with other related varieties, i.e., written sports commentary (WSC) and sports announcer talk (SAT ) in order to corroborate the hypothesis that the register of online commentary is a hybrid of spoken and written language.
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Finegan, Edward. "Afterword." Register Studies 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18016.fin.
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Abstract Edward Finegan, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and Law at the University of Southern California, provides this afterword to synthesize and provide commentary on the six articles in this issue. He has been involved with research on register for more than 30 years, publishing a large number of empirical studies on register and the book Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register (Biber & Finegan 1994, Oxford University Press). He is also co-author on the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, & Finegan 1999, Longman), the first comprehensive reference grammar to systematically account for register. He is currently involved in research on the relationship between register variation and social dialect variation. In addition to his research on register, Finegan has made tremendous contributions in the areas of general linguistics, language variation in the U.S., and language attitudes toward correctness, publishing widely-used textbooks in all three areas. He has also been an influential figure in the application of linguistics in legal proceedings, acting as expert witness in many legal cases, particularly those related to defamation and trademark. He currently serves as the Editor of the journal Dictionaries: The Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America.
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Nurani, Siti. "REGISTER ANALYSIS OF THE CONVERSATIONS AMONG PETROLEUM ENGINEERS." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2014): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v1i2.1343.
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This present research aims at identifying register used in the conversations among petroleum engineers by examining the linguistic feature which is viewed from the aspect of the field, the tenor and the mode of discourse of the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach. Findings show that in the field of discourse, all terms of register found in the experiential domain analysis function as technical terms, of which the two major forms of nouns and verbs (i.e., single-word and compound/phrasal word forms) are the most frequent categories identified among other kinds of technical terms. The goal orientation appears to have both short and long term while the social activity results in exchanges among participants. In the tenor of discourse, the agentive role is said to be equal and the social role is considered as non-hierarchic. The social distance within the interaction is said to be minimal which is excessively characterized by the use of informal form of expressions. In the mode of discourse, the language role exists equally of both constitutive and ancillary identified by the use of present simple tense and non-present tenses, that is, future simple, past simple and present perfect. The channel is in phonic form. The medium is in spoken with visual contact as it is largely characterized by the use of endophoric reference as well as pronouns.
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Conrad, Susan. "Register in English for Academic Purposes and English for Specific Purposes." Register Studies 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 168–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18008.con.
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Abstract Susan Conrad, Professor of Applied Linguistics at Portland State University (USA), contributes this article on the applications of register research to English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Her research focuses on topics including academic register variation, discipline-specific language, student and workplace writing, and grammar and writing pedagogy. Since the 1990s, her work has advocated for and exemplified the ways in which register-based descriptions can facilitate language teaching, including building awareness of register variation in learners and novice writers themselves. This focus is illustrated in her book Real Grammar: A Corpus-Based Approach to English (Conrad & Biber 2009, Pearson Longman), which takes many of the major register-based patterns of variation in English grammar (described in the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, Biber et al. 1999) and translates them into practical grammar lessons for language learners, making explicit how grammar use is mediated by register. Her applied focus is also evident in her work as Principal Investigator for the Civil Engineering Writing Project <http://www.cewriting.org/>. The project, funded by the National Science Foundation, addresses the writing needs of Civil Engineering students through corpus-based register comparisons (of university student writing, practitioner workplace writing, and published academic writing), applying the results to the development and evaluation of pedagogical materials that improve students’ preparation for writing in the workplace.
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MATEI BUCIU, Mariana. "THE COLLOQUIAL REGISTER: THE LEXICAL MARK OF ORALITY IN THE SHORT STORY DINTELE BY LIVIU REBREANU." Studii și cercetări de onomastică și lexicologie 28, no. 1-2 (February 12, 2022): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/scol.2021.1-2.27.
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"The familiar or colloquial register includes common words, used in small, familiar communities and families, being synonymous with affectivity, spontaneity, freedom, banality. It underpins artistic orality and has the role of sensitizing and “humanizing” the modern reader. A lexical mark of standard and substandard orality, the colloquial register contributes to the development of literary language, through the intentional adequacy of all compositional elements created by the author, to the suggestion of spoken language, in order to enhance expressiveness. By the lexical analysis of some words from the short story Dintele/ ‘The tooth’ by Liviu Rebreanu, we have achieved a short, familiar “lexicography” of orality, suggestive for understanding the message of the text, and also for rediscovering hidden affectivity, as an aspect of modernity of the interwar writer."