Academic literature on the topic 'Spoken register'
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Journal articles on the topic "Spoken register"
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Goulart, Larissa, Bethany Gray, Shelley Staples, Amanda Black, Aisha Shelton, Douglas Biber, Jesse Egbert, and Stacey Wizner. "Linguistic Perspectives on Register." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012644.
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Language users change their written and spoken language according to the situational characteristics and communicative purpose of production—that is, according to the register being produced. Research on registers has focused on register description or patterns of register variation, on detailed analysis of individual linguistic features or an account for the use of a broad range of linguistic features, and on the distinction between written and spoken registers. In this review, we survey register studies according to the register being investigated: spoken, written, electronic/online, literary, or historical. This survey also shows that recent register studies have focused on more specialized written and spoken domains and that the use of corpus linguistics tools and advanced statistical methods such as multidimensional analysis has allowed for broad analyses of the language used in different registers. Finally, we point to areas of register research that need further investigation.
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Hidayah, Nurul. "A Descriptive Study of Registers Found in Spoken and Written Communication (A Semantic Analysis)." Register Journal 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v2i2.121-134.
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This research is descriptive study of registers found in spoken and written communication. The type of this research is Descriptive Qualitative Research. In this research, the data of the study is register in spoken and written communication that are found in a book entitled "Communicating! Theory and Practice" and from internet. The data can be in the forms of words, phrases and abbreviation. In relation with method of collection data, the writer uses the library method as her instrument. The writer relates it to the study of register in spoken and written communication. The technique of analyzing the data using descriptive method. The types of register in this term will be separated into formal register and informal register, and identify the meaning of register.Keywords: Register; Spoken and Written Communication; Jargon; Slang; Motherese
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Laws, Jacqueline, and Chris Ryder. "Register variation in spoken British English." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16036.law.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to identify the effect of register variation in spoken British English on the occurrence of the four principal verb-forming suffixes: ‑ate, ‑en, ‑ify and ‑ize, by building on the work of Biber et al. (1999), Plag et al. (1999) and Schmid (2011). Register variation effects were compared between the less formal Demographically-Sampled and the more formal Context-Governed components of the original 1994 version of the British National Corpus. The pattern of ‑ize derivatives revealed the most marked register-based differences with respect to frequency counts and the creation of neologisms, whereas ‑en derivatives varied the least compared with the other three suffixes. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of these suffix profiles in the context of spoken language reveal markers of register formality that have not hitherto been explored; derivative usage patterns provide an additional dimension to previous research on register variation which has mainly focused on grammatical and lexical features of language.
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Biber, Douglas, and Mohamed Hared. "Dimensions of register variation in Somali." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 41–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095439450000065x.
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ABSTRACTThe present study uses a multidimensional approach to analyze the linguistic characteristics of Somali spoken and written registers. Somali is unusual in that it has a very short history of literacy (only since 1973), but at present it has a wide range of written and spoken registers, including governmental, educational, and public information uses. It thus represents a very different language type from previously described languages. We analyze the distribution of 65 linguistic features across 279 texts from 26 spoken and written registers, using factor analysis to identify five major dimensions of variation. None of these dimensions defines an absolute dichotomy between spoken and written registers, although three of the dimensions can be considered “oral/literate” parameters. As in the multidimensional analyses of other languages, the present study shows that no single dimension adequately describes the relations among spoken and written registers; rather, each dimension reflects a different set of communicative functions relating to the purpose, general topic, degree of interactiveness, personal involvement, production circumstances, and other physical mode characteristics. In the conclusion, we briefly discuss our findings relative to previous multidimensional analyses of English, Tuvaluan, and Korean, laying the foundation for cross-linguistic analyses of universal tendencies of register variation.
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Crossley, Scott, and Max M. Louwerse. "Multi-dimensional register classification using bigrams." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 12, no. 4 (December 20, 2007): 453–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.12.4.02cro.
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A corpus linguistic analysis investigated register classification using frequency of bigrams in nine spoken and two written corpora. Four dimensions emerged from a factor analysis using bigram frequencies shared across corpora: (1) Scripted vs. Unscripted Discourse, (2) Deliberate vs. Unplanned Discourse, (3) Spatial vs. Non-Spatial Discourse, and (4) Directional vs. Non-Directional Discourse. These findings were replicated in a second analysis. Both analyses demonstrate the strength of bigrams for classifying spoken and written registers, especially in locating distinct collocations among spoken corpora, as well as revealing syntactic and discourse features through a data-driven approach.
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Baek, Jae-Pa. "Register Analysis Study of the Korean Simultaneous-Occurrence Suffixes ‘-eumyeo’ and ‘-eumyeonseo’." Dongnam Journal of Korean Language and Literature 54 (November 30, 2022): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21654/djkll.2022.54.1.121.
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This study aims to determine the distribution by register of the verbal suffixes -eumyo (-으며) and -eumyeonseo (-으면서) ‘while, during’ indicating simultaneous occurrence. To this end, a standard corpus was developed based on the Sejong corpus, and the distributions of the two forms by spoken/written and formal/informal speech registers were analyzed. The loglikelihood ratio (G2) values were then used to verify the statistical significance of the distributional differences. The results show that -eumyo is predominantly used in speaking (G2 = 2301.66), while -eumyeonseo is widely used in both spoken and written registers, though it is more common in the latter (G2 = 39.97). Both -eumyo and -eumyeonseo occurred more frequently in the formal speech register, although the difference was smaller for -eumyo (G2 = 29.47) than in writing, while the difference for -eumyeonseo was statistically insignificant (G2 = 0.95). This study allows objective conclusions to be drawn regarding similar grammatical items that have received conflicting explanations and is significant in showing the value of register analysis and depiction methods.
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Zhang, Dan, Minglu Xu, and Yunhua Qu. "A corpus-based study on Chinese modification patterns of nouns across registers." Glottometrics 51 (2021): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53482/2021_51_392.
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Nominal modification works to describe and restrict noun phrases, making the information delivery more vivid and precise. In English, the communicative functions of different modification patterns of head-nouns have been studied in a lot of corpus-based investigations of the written and the spoken registers, but few corpus-based register studies have been ever conducted in Chinese. This research takes the initiative attempt to conduct a corpus-based study on Chinese modification patterns across registers. A one-million-word corpus including both written and spoken Chinese is first built and all the modification patterns of noun phrases are extracted in Chunker, a self-developed colligation query and analysis tool. Through classification of modification patterns and statistical processing, the study displays the distributions of simple and complex modification patterns and the relationship between the frequency of modification patterns and the information density across registers and discusses the functional implication of such distributions and relationship under the guidance of Biber’s register theory.
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Love, Robbie, Vaclav Brezina, Tony McEnery, Abi Hawtin, Andrew Hardie, and Claire Dembry. "Functional variation in the Spoken BNC2014 and the potential for register analysis." Register Studies 1, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 296–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18013.lov.
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Abstract This article focuses on how register considerations informed and guided the design of the spoken component of the British National Corpus 2014 (Spoken BNC2014). It discusses why the compilers of the corpus sought to gather recordings from just one broad spoken register – ‘informal conversation’ – and how this and other design decisions afforded contributors to the corpus much freedom with regards to the selection of situational contexts for the recordings. This freedom resulted in a high level of diversity in the corpus for situational parameters such as recording location and activity type, each of which was captured in the corpus metadata. Focussing on these parameters, this article provides evidence for functional variation among the texts in the corpus and suggests that differences such as those observed presently could be analysable within the existing frameworks for analysis of register variation in spoken and written language, such as multidimensional analysis.
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Biber, Douglas, Mark Davies, James K. Jones, and Nicole Tracy-Ventura. "Spoken and written register variation in Spanish: A multi-dimensional analysis." Corpora 1, no. 1 (May 2006): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2006.1.1.1.
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There have been few comprehensive analyses of register variation conducted in a European language other than English. Spanish provides an ideal test case for such a study: Spanish is a major international language with a long social history of literacy, and it is a Romance language, with interesting linguistic similarities to, and differences from, English. The present study uses Multi-Dimensional (MD) analysis to investigate the distribution of a large set of linguistic features in a wide range of spoken and written registers: 146 linguistic features in a twenty-million words corpus taken from nineteen spoken and written registers. Six primary dimensions of variation are identified and interpreted in linguistic and functional terms. Some of these dimensions are specialised, without obvious counterparts in the MD analyses of other languages (e.g., a dimension related to discourse with a counterfactual focus). However, other Spanish dimensions correspond closely to dimensions identified for other languages, reflecting functional considerations such as interactiveness, personal stance, informational density, argumentation, and a narrative focus.
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Fang, Alex Chengyu, and Min Dong. "Shell nouns as register-specific discourse devices." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 26, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 219–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.19059.fan.
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Abstract This article provides a corpus-based investigation into shell nouns. Shell nouns perform a variety of referential functions and express speaker stance. The investigation was motivated by the fact that past research in this area has been primarily based on written texts. Very little is known about the use of shell nouns in speech. The study used the ICE-GB corpus of contemporary British English and investigated cataphoric shell nouns complemented by appositive that-clauses across fine-grained spoken and written registers. It has revealed that the deployment of shell nouns is governed by the principle of register formality definable in terms of contextual configurations of the Field-Tenor-Mode complex rather than the mode of production. Additionally, the study has uncovered the frequent use of a small core set of shell nouns common across speech and writing. Hence it argues that shell nouns are part and parcel of spoken and written discourse and that they pertain more to grammar than to lexis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spoken register"
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Miller, Bradley B. "Speaking Like a Brahmin: Social Aspects of a Register of Spoken Telugu." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3517.
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Among sociological studies in South Asia, frequent reference is made to caste as one of the greatest motivating factors in establishing, reinforcing, and creating social structure. This system of social hierarchy has, however, undergone drastic shifts and changes over the past decades (Dirks, 2001: 5) resulting in 'caste' as a term used to systematize concepts of social identity, community, and organization in India. The Brahmin caste, in particular, has undergone drastic changes as a result of social and political influence from without as well as from within, resulting in a conflict of identity (Bairy, 2010: 233).As a direct result of this conflict of caste identity, many individuals respond, act, and interact in ways that confirm, reject, or (re)establish their own individual identity within the greater scheme of their caste. The current study will examine specific ways in which Telugu Brahmins use linguistic markers to index socially acceptable, cultural ideologies. It will be explained how the use of lexical borrowings, markers of politeness and honorification, and emphatic aspiration index historical ideologies of Brahmin-ness. In indexing these ideologies, Brahmins identify with and associate their own actions in relation to traditional notions of those qualities assumed to be inherent in the Brahmin caste. Furthermore, meta-linguistic discourse will be examined, showing that recognition, acknowledgment of, and (mis)interpretation of a 'Brahmin register' is used to both mark intra-caste solidarity and reinforce social stereotypes about the caste.
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Melo, Pedro da Silva de. "Carolina Maria de Jesus e a paixão pela escrita: um estudo sociolinguístico de Quarto de Despejo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-27062014-104330/.
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Esta dissertação tem dois objetivos básicos: primeiro, investigar se há marcas de oralidade na linguagem narrativa e das personagens do livro Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada, de Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914-1977); segundo, examinar como essas manifestações se processam linguisticamente no texto no plano lexical. Suscitam-se, portanto, duas perguntas: Primeira: Há em Quarto de despejo manifestações linguísticas da oralidade? Segunda: Em caso afirmativo, em que níveis essa oralidade se processa linguisticamente? Para responder a essas perguntas, temos a hipótese de que a língua falada foi aproveitada de maneira mais ou menos inconsciente pela autora de Quarto de despejo e que, entre vários níveis linguísticos, a oralidade se manifesta de maneira notável em nível lexical, por meio de um vocabulário de uso popular. Estudar-se-á como o léxico da linguagem narrativa e das personagens apresenta efeitos de língua falada, tornando o texto dinâmico e expressivo. Este trabalho está teoricamente fundamentado em pressupostos da Sociolinguística e da Estilística. A metodologia de trabalho envolveu várias leituras da obra, anotações de vocabulário e análises à luz da teoria proposta. Estabelecem-se relações entre fala e escrita, compreendidas não como uma dicotomia, mas como polos de um continuum tipológico. Nesse continuum, um gênero da escrita pode apresentar características da fala e vice-versa. Ressalte-se que, tendo em vista esse referencial teórico, a narrativa de Quarto de despejo não é considerada um texto oral, mas um texto escrito em cuja enunciação se evidencia a presença da oralidade graças a um leque de vocábulos expressivos.This thesis has two basic goals: first, to investigate whether there are marks of orality in the narrative language and lines from the characters from the book \"Child of the dark: The diary of Carolina Maria de Jesus\", by Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914-1977); secondly, to examine how these manifestations are processed linguistically into the text on the lexical sphere. Two questions, therefore, are raised: First: are there linguistic manifestations of orality in Child of the dark? Second: if so, at what levels is this orality processed linguistically? To answer those questions, we hypothesized that the spoken language was used more or less unconsciously by the author of Child of the dark, and that between several linguistic levels, orality manifests itself in a remarkable manner in the lexical level, by use of a colloquial vocabulary. We shall study how the lexicon of the narrative language and of the characters has effects of the spoken language, making the text dynamic and expressive. This paper is theoretically grounded in assumptions of Sociolinguistic and Stylistic. The work methodology involved several readings of the book, vocabulary annotations and analysis in the light of the proposed theory. Relationships between speech and writing are set, understood not as a dichotomy but as poles of a typological continuum. In this continuum, a genre of writing can display characteristics of speech and vice versa. It is emphasized that, in view of that theoretical framework, the narrative of Child of the dark is not regarded as an oral text, but as a written text where enunciation highlights the presence of orality using a variety of expressive vocabularies.
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Hůrka, Tomáš. "Řízení rizik ve stavebních zakázkách železniční infrastruktury." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262856.
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The purpose of this master´s thesis is to perform a risk analysis of a specific rail infrastructure building project. In the first part I described the goal of the thesis and the methods used. In the second part I focused on determining notions related to the rail infrastructure - its historical development until the present. I then described specifics of nowadays railway and the standards it makes use of in today´s construction projects. Next I took a closer look at risk management, defined risks, described today´s guidelines and classified the risks based on standards commonly used at present. In the third and final section of the thesis I applied the risk management process to a selected rail infrastructure project.
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Pískatá, Petra. "Možnosti použití hodnotové analýzy při výběru poskytovatele hypotečního úvěru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227028.
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The aim of this master’s thesis is to find the best type of mortgage loan for several kinds of borrowers. The first part describes personal housing financing, use of loans, use of mortgages in general. At the end of this theoretical part the value analysis is explained as a tool for mortgage lender (or the type of mortgage loan) selection and the way of reaching this goal is defined. Second part is a practical example of how to make decision and find the best choice. It selects the most important criteria and real cash flow is simulated to asset the price of each possibility. Using the discrimination method and efficiency rate the possibilities are ranked. Results are commented on and recommendations are set to every type of client. In conclusion, general method for selection before getting a mortgage is proposed.
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Lin, You-Xuan, and 林祐萱. "Metadiscourse in Chinese Spoken Interaction: A Register Comparison." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cbaj4e.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
英語學系
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Metadiscourse is discourse about discourse. When we write or speak, we reflexively make commentary on the discourse we are involved in. With the help of metadiscourse, the writer/speaker can link textual elements together, structure the text, communicate intended meanings, evaluation, and attitude with the reader/hearer, and interact with the reader/hearer overtly. Most researches in the past have focused on metadiscourse in the written register, while metadiscourse is also pervasive and crucial in speaking (Ädel & Mauranen, 2010). Metadiscourse studies in Chinese also overwhelmingly emphasize on the written register and comparative studies across languages. Therefore, metadiscourse in Chinese spoken interaction is worth investigation. This study attempts to make up the gap of metadiscourse studies in Chinese, and investigate how metadiscourse is used in Chinese spoken interaction. The dataset for analysis is collected from two TV talk shows in Taiwan, Bringing up Parents (BUP), a forum-like talk show, and Xiaoyan Date (XYD), an entertainer interview talk show. Three episodes of each talk show are used for analysis. Vande Kopple’s approach (1985; 2002) is primarily adopted to define and categorize metadiscourse, and some modifications are made to accommodate Chinese spoken data. Six main types in total are identified: Text connectives, Code gloss, Communicative acts, Epistemology marker, Attitude marker, and Commentary. The six main types are further classified on the basis of their functions. With this dataset, it is aimed to find out the commonly-used metadiscourse expressions in Chinese, for what purposes metadiscourse is exploited at both textual and interactive level, and whether the speaker makes use of metadiscourse differently in different discourse types. Metadiscourse in the two talk shows will be compared regarding similarities and differences qualitatively and quantitatively. For quantitative analysis, Chi-square test will be conducted with the help of R (R Core Team, 2014) to examine the association between metadiscourse and discourse types. Both qualitative and quantitative results will be interpreted by adopting Biber and Conrad’s situational characteristics (2009). In terms of similarities of the two talk shows, results of this study show that metadiscourse expressions in the two talk shows have a lot of overlaps at both lexical level and phrasal or sentential level. At lexical level, conjunction words (e.g., 因為, 可是, and 如果) are used a lot to mark logical relationship. Some discourse markers are used to fulfill metadiscourse functions (e.g., 那, 就是, and 你知道). In addition, performative verbs (Searle, 1989), e.g., 建議, 假設, and 開玩笑, and discourse organizing words (McCarthy, 1991), e.g., 問題, 重點, and 原因, are repeatedly used in the data. As for phrasal and sentential level, certain metadiscourse is realized in similar constructions. For example, tag questions are frequently used for Comment on probable views of Commentary. Metadiscourse can also be expressed by a full sentence. The hedging effects of Shields (subtypes of Epistemology marker) can be reached by a complete sentence to admit the speaker’s lack of confidence. As for differences of metadiscourse use, metadiscourse mainly differs from three aspects: frequency and distribution, purposes of use, and position in turns. The number of occurrences of each metadiscourse function is a reflection of the participants’ preference in different discourse types. The speaker is aware of the context s/he is involved in and accordingly chooses appropriate metadiscourse strategies to facilitate successful communication. For example, the frequency of Text connective in BUP outnumbers that in XYD, displaying the speaker’s need of Text connective to help organize a longer text and convey more complex ideas. Metadiscourse can also differ in the speaker’s purposes of use. Instances of metadiscourse of the same category may be used for different specific purposes within context. For example, saptio-temporal markers in Text connective are exploited by the host in XYD to interrupt the guests’ talks diverged from the main topic and draw their attention back on a previous unfinished topic or a new topic. However, in BUP, spatio-temporal markers are simply used by the host to move forward the communication. Different positions of metadiscourse in turns reflect the different features of discourse. For example, Clarification in Code gloss is usually used before possible misinterpretation happens in BUP. On the contrary, in XYD Clarification is made after the hearer has questioned the speaker. This shows that participants in the two shows have different degrees of carefulness about their own utterances and relationship between participants is also different. Findings of this study suggest that Chinese metadiscourse may have a group of commonly used expressions and typical constructions. On the other hand, the differences of metadiscourse use between the two shows imply that metadiscourse is used differently in different types of context. These findings provide pedagogical implications that we may provide a list of common metadiscourse expressions for students, but we still have to help them be conscious of the intricate differences of metadiscourse use in varying discourse types for effective and successful communication. Moreover, this study also offers implications for future metadiscourse studies in terms of the importance of investigating metadiscourse at both textual level and interactive level since metadiscourse may function differently in different situations.
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Al, Hamdany Hayder Kaream Hussein. "An exploration of perceptions and applications of spoken register: Iraqi students at a South Australian University." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/95128.
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Register is a term used to describe how people use language to express different shades of meaning and thereby achieve a particular purpose or function within a particular social setting. In order to explain the processes involved in learning appropriate register, systemic functional linguists use three terms: field, tenor and mode. Anecdotal evidence as well as a range of research studies suggests that misunderstandings between lecturers and university students with English as an Additional Language (EAL) occur frequently. This is particularly important in spoken language where the student does not have the time to check their errors and self-correct. The literature suggests that register is often an issue for Arabic students studying in Western contexts, but most of it focuses on writing not speaking. As an Iraqi student myself, I wanted to see how spoken register affected Iraqi students studying in Australia. As an English teacher, I wanted to know how to teach academic register most appropriately to this cohort. Therefore, my PhD project focuses on a group of Iraqi students who studied a Masters in water management and agriculture at an Australian university. To help them with their English, they first attended English preparatory courses at the English Language Centre (called GEAP and PEP). Then they took some undergraduate disciplinary courses alongside a Bridging English course (BP) in preparation for their year of academic studies at a Masters level. I explore the three programs: The GEAP/PEP and the BP (English component) in terms of the application of register in the Programs and the students’ perceptions and/or experiences of register while undertaking the programs. In order to explore the students’ perceptions of register, I analysed survey data (predominantly open-ended) from all 52 respondents and from follow up interviews with 15 of them which I thematically analysed using qualitative analysis software (NVivo10). For application, I analysed the publically available curriculum and materials used to teach the course using Critical Discourse Analysis. The reason for using this methodology was that it allowed me to focus on the specific linguistic choices, layout and structure of a text while at the same time exploring the social and historical reasons for these choices (Janks 1997). I also used a thematic analysis of interview data from the Australian English teachers who taught these students in the various programs. The student perception data revealed that the respondents strongly preferred the two English Language Centre courses the GEAP and more specifically the PEP because of their increasingly explicit focus on register for academic and non-academic purposes, the intercultural communication made possible by the different nationalities in the class and its practical discipline- appropriate activities. They criticised the BP because it was too long, focussed on Business English and therefore was inappropriate to their academic and disciplinary needs. Also, they did not like the fact that the cohort was only Iraqi students. An additional finding from the interview data was that mature-aged students have a particular need to take control of their own learning and become integrated within the learning and social environment. The critical discourse analysis data and the interviews with the PEP teachers showed that the PEP curriculum had a progressive development of academic skills, genres and registers through tasks and interactions and this was spelt out explicitly in the PEP Student Handbook (the de facto curriculum for the course). The Handbook also revealed an active learning approach and an awareness of the role culture(s) play in developing academic and other registers. In the BP, on the other hand, there was less explicit information on genres, registers and cultures and the documentation mainly appears relevant to a different discipline (English within the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences) rather than the students’ discipline of agriculture within the Faculty of Sciences. This study suggests that in order to enhance academic register for EAL students, English courses need to be explicit, active and increasingly disciplinary and the students must be culturally integrated into the disciplines, university environment and local culture. This qualitative and interpretative study provides a rich and detailed description of the process of learning English and acquiring academic register and academic cultures. It is significant as it is the first study to focus on spoken register and the Iraqi cohort emerging from a conflict situation and relative isolation into a western academic environment.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Education, 2015
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Řezníková, Ivana. "Postoje k jazyku v Norsku a České republice ze sociolingvistického hlediska." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-309688.
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The subject of the master thesis is language attitudes. The focus is put on how language attitudes can affect the way how the language is changing, how they can be expressed and which factors play important roles in forming of language attitudes. There have been a number of sociological and sociolinguistic case studies in this field in Norway. Based on them, I compare the Norwegian and Czech attitudes to the latest trends in language change such as globalization, regionalization and others. The main questions are: how do factors forming language attitudes to language varieties differ when compared Norwegian and Czech? How are language attitudes affected by differencies in history and culture in these two lands? Hypothetical, the factors connected to contact with English would be quite similar both in Norwegian and Czech. On the other hand the relationship between standard spoken language and dialects would differ more mostly because of these varieties have a different status in Norwegian and Czech context.
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FRYKOVÁ, Dana. "Subjekty neziskového sektoru v sociální oblasti." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317821.
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This thesis is devoted to the nonprofit sector entities in the social sphere, which are an important tool that is used primarily for removing social exclusion in society. Social services help clients ensure the physical and mental independence so that they can participate in the daily life of society as much as possible. The aim of my thesis was to analyze the activities of selected nonprofit sector entities in the social sector, focusing on management and economics. These entities were then compared. It was concluded that all companies are the largest source of funding grants, and all companies also form long-term strategic plan of the company. The two organizations use volunteer work. And further that the future development of nonprofit organizations in social services is positive and the number is growing. It is primarily due to the aging population.
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Šťastný, Šimon. "Odraz Nového občanského zákoníku v životě sportovních spolků na lokální úrovni." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346812.
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Title: Reflections of the New Civil Code in the life of sports clubs at the local level. Objectives: The goal of this diploma thesis is to specify the changes in the life of sports clubs at the local level after the New Civil Code, which came into effect on 1. 1. 2014. The main object is to discover the changes in the structure of the non-profit sport organizations, tax management of the sports clubs and also to offer concrete advices, which would help to cope with the transformation to the New Civil Code. Methods: In this thesis the qualitative method is used. Semi-structured interviews are helping to get the complex overview of the problems and concrete issues. In case of availability, the legislative documents of interviewed non-profit sport organizations are analyzed to specify and verify their answers. Research is supplemented by basic analyzes of public register, which will help to describe current situation of reactions on the New Civil Code. Results: Thanks to the research it was discovered that non-profit sport organizations, which have the help of private sector, support of umbrella organization or advantage of having professional member with experiences in accounting, taxes or law, will more likely manage with all the changes caused by the new legislative. Rest of the non-profit sport...
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Dobeš, Michal. "Založení spolku poskytujícího sportovní aktivity, se zaměřením na právo a organizační strukturu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412485.
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Title: Establishment of a Non-Profit Organization Providing Sports Activities with Focus on Law and Organizational Structure Targets: The target of the work is to create a guide describing how to proceed with establishment of a non-profit organization providing sport activities from the legal point of view. Another target of the work is a creation or determination of an organizational structure for sport oriented non-profit organization with a membership of up to 100 members. Methods of research: The following methods were used to create a business plan: literature research, document analysis, semi-structured interview with an attorney-at- law relating to issues of establishment of a non-profit organization, semi-structured interview with a bookkeeper of AK Zlín relating to non-profit organization financing and tax issues. Results: The result of the work is a guide describing particular steps of a process relating to establishment of a non-profit organization. The guide includes necessary documentation for establishment of a sport club as a registered association. Within the work particular financial and other sources are listed with which the non-profit organization might dispose including subsidy programmes eligible for sport clubs with a legal form of a registered association. Further, the work...
Books on the topic "Spoken register"
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Variedad y registros de las formaciones discursivas en Cuenca. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1986.
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El español coloquial: situación y uso. Madrid: Arco/Libros, 1996.
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Imenoslov ktitora zadužbinara, velikih dobrotvora, dobrotvora, utemeljivača i priložnika Spomen-hrama Svetoga Save, 1893-2004. Novi Sad: Pravoslavna reč, 2005.
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Gómez, Antonio Briz. El español coloquial en la conversación: Esbozo de pragmagramática. Barcelona: Ariel, 1998.
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Biber, Douglas. University Language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers (Studies in Corpus Linguistics). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2006.
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Biber, Douglas. University Language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers (Studies in Corpus Linguistics). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2006.
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Radoljub, Matović, and Novinsko-informativni centar "Vojska", eds. Junaci otadžbine: Spomen-knjiga. 2nd ed. Beograd: Novinsko-informativni centar "Vojska", 2000.
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Biber, Douglas. University Language: A Corpus-based Study of Spoken and Written Registers. Benjamins Publishing Company, John, 2006.
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Mirsad, Bakalović, ed. Spomen-knjiga: Poginulih tuzlanskih boraca NOR-a i žrtava fašističkog terora 1941.-1945. godine. Tuzla: PrintCom, 2007.
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Blažo, Đuričić, Petković Radomir, and Savez boraca narodnooslobodilačkog rata Gacko. Opštinski odbor., eds. Spomen knjiga palih boraca NOR i žrtava fašističkog terora iz Opštine Gacko, 1941-1945. Gacko: Opštinski odbor Saveza boraca narodnooslobodilačkog rata Gacko, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Spoken register"
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Gray, Bethany, Joe Geluso, and Phuong Nguyen. "The Longitudinal Development of Grammatical Complexity at the Phrasal and Clausal Levels in Spoken and Written Responses to the TOEFL iBT Test *." In The Register-Functional Approach to Grammatical Complexity, 406–31. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003087991-23.
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Bowker, Janet. "3. Variation across spoken and written registers in internal corporate communication." In Dialogue Studies, 47–64. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ds.21.08bow.
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Reppen, Randi, and Meishan Chen. "Chapter 5. A comparison of lexical bundles in spoken courtroom language across time, registers, and varieties." In Corpus-based Research on Variation in English Legal Discourse, 105–22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.91.05rep.
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"Interpersonal Spoken Registers." In Register, Genre, and Style, 87–110. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108686136.004.
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Jang, Taeho. "Xibe and the Manchuric languages." In The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages, 269–87. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0018.
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Xibe is a language spoken by about 30,000 people in Northwestern China. Xibe is closely related to the nearly extinct Manchu language, and both languages belong to the southwestern branch of the Tungusic language family.This chapter provides a structural description of Xibe in relation to written Manchu, focusing especially on the prototypically Transeurasian features. Xibe has a distinct spoken and written register, and written Xibe is known as written Manchu. Spoken Xibe is found to have all but one of the prototypically Transeurasian features (Robbeets 2017g). The exceptional feature is the presence of tongue-root vowel harmony that is found in written Manchu. In spoken Xibe, topic marker and possessive/definite nominal suffix are found that are absent in written Manchu. Spoken Xibe also has a conjunct/disjunct contrast in the finite verbs. This last feature is not typically found in Transeurasian languages.
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Schneider, Andrew. "A corpus-driven approach to Aviation English in pilot flight training ........87." In Aviation English - A global perspective: analysis, teaching, assessment, 87–115. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf22080505.
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Radio-telephonic communication between professional pilots and air traffic controllers has been the topic of numerous corpus research projects in the field of Aviation English (AE) in recent years (see BARSHI; FARRIS, 2013; BOROWSKA, 2017; FRIGINAL et al., 2020). Notably, Bieswanger (2016), following Biber and Conrad’s (2009) framework for register analysis, identified two distinct, specialized, and highly restricted registers of AE in use by professional aviation personnel: Standard Phraseology and “plain” AE. Similar corpusdriven register analyses of discourse between student pilots and their flight instructors in training program contexts is scarce. The Corpus of Flight Training (CFT) monitor corpus developed in this study currently covers 53 hours of transcribed audio and video recordings of one-on-one, instructional communication in AE between flight instructors and student pilots. Authentic linguistic data was collected in three key contexts of flight training operations: oral instructional activities, Flight Training Devices (FTDs), and in-air flight. This paper discusses the results of a quantitative, exploratory multidimensional analysis (MDA) (BIBER, 1988; FRIGINAL, 2013) comparing preliminary CFT data between the aforementioned three flight activities to other spoken and written registers of English. Preliminary findings suggest a strong overlap of flight training activities with the English registers related to involved persuasion and information interaction. Linguistic features between the CFT and the Brown and LOB corpora as well as language use based on activity type will be discussed. These initial results can help further refine target language usage for Aviation English assessments and inform curricula for ab initio pilots.
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Ramirez-Avila, Maria Rossana, and Darwin German Gaona. "Peer Feedback Through Voki to Raise Students' Awareness of the Register in Spoken Activities." In CALL Theory Applications for Online TESOL Education, 365–82. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6609-1.ch016.
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Speaking is challenging in EFL students living in a Spanish-speaking country. It was the case of the participants of this study. They were teenagers of a public high school located in Ecuador. An action research was implemented. The design was quasi-experimental. Data was collected with through pre- and posttests and pre- and post-surveys. Cohen's d=3.34 indicates a large impact for improving speaking with the use of peer feedback and Voki; a p=0.000 shows statistically significant results that were due to the intervention. The instruments also collected information regarding students' perspectives towards fluency, pronunciation, peer feedback, and register. Results indicated a large change of students' opinion favoring peer feedback and register, as well as a slight change in their opinion related to fluency and pronunciation. The findings also show that this research study has implications for educators, directors, and principals of institutions who are interested in improving the English-speaking skills of their students.
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"Register." In Spolien, 224–26. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783868599442-011.
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Quaid, Ethan Douglas, and Alex Barrett. "Toward the Future of Computer-Assisted Language Testing." In Recent Developments in Technology-Enhanced and Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 208–35. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1282-1.ch010.
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Semi-direct speaking tests have become an increasingly favored method of assessing spoken performance in recent years. Underpinning evidence for their continued development and use has been largely contingent on language testing and assessment researchers' claim of their interchangeability with more traditional, direct face-to-face oral proficiency interviews through theoretical and empirical investigations from multiple perspectives. This chapter initially provides background and research synopses of four significant test facets that have formed the bases for semi-direct and direct speaking test comparison studies. These are followed by the inclusion of a recent case study comparing test taker output from a computer-based Aptis speaking test and a purposively developed identical face-to-face oral proficiency interview that found a slight register shift which may be viewed as advantageous for semi-direct speaking tests. Finally, future research directions are proposed in light of the recent developments in the semi-direct speaking testing research presented throughout this chapter.
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Singh, Ravi Nandan. "The City Multiple." In Dead in Banaras, 23–52. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864284.003.0002.
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Abstract Funeral travelling involves coming close to the pyres but also turning away from them to be back amongst the living. Taking cue, the chapter moves from the cremation ghats to the city of Banaras. In this movement towards the city, we encounter the surface of the many names of the city. Adapting from Annemarie Mol’s ‘The body multiple’, it is shown how the different names of the city, Benares, Banaras, Varanasi, and Kashi create a dynamic multiplicity. In the chapter the different place-names are substantively evoked in their literary, ethnographic, and historiographical usages alongside the everyday spoken form of the language in Banaras. The chapter further shows how the different usages of the place-names create a ‘side-shadowing’ (to borrow from Alf Hiltebeitel) instead of producing a unilateral referentiality of the place, thus creating a form of sliding reference where one name might do the work of referencing while others play dead in the ‘side-shadow’. This playing dead of the names becomes a complex ethical register through which the city is enacted as one’s own amongst different Banarasi people.
Conference papers on the topic "Spoken register"
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Vollmann, Ralf, and Soon Tek Wooi. "The Sociolinguistic Registers of ‘Malaysian English’." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.7-1.
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The interplay of four standard languages and a number of spoken languages makes Malaysia an interesting case of societal multilingualism. There is extensive convergence between the spoken varieties. ‘Malaysian English’ (ME) has developed its own structures which can be shown to copy structures of the mother tongues of the speakers at all levels of grammar, thereby being an example for localisation and the creation of a new dialect/sociolect. An analysis of the basilectal register of ME in ethnic Chinese speakers finds that converging patterns of ME and Malaysian (Chinese) languages, with situational lexical borrowing between the various languages. Sociolinguistically, ME plays the same role as any dialect, with covert prestige as an ingroup (identity) marker which is avoided in acrolectal (outgroup) communication. Spoken English in Malaysia can therefore be seen as a localised creoloid dialect of English, based on linguistic substrates. Sociolinguistically, ME is mainly an orate register for basilectal and mesolectal intra-group communication.
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Esling, John H. "Laryngoscopic analysis of tibetan chanting modes and their relationship to register in sino-tibetan." In 7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002). ISCA: ISCA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-360.
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McCartney, Patrick. "Sustainably–Speaking Yoga: Comparing Sanskrit in the 2001 and 2011 Indian Censuses." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-5.
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Sanskrit is considered by many devout Hindus and global consumers of yoga alike to be an inspirational, divine, ‘language of the gods’. For 2000 years, at least, this middle Indo-Aryan language has endured in a post-vernacular state, due, principally, to its symbolic capital as a liturgical language. This presentation focuses on my almost decade-long research into the theo-political implications of reviving Sanskrit, and includes an explication of data derived from fieldwork in ‘Sanskrit-speaking’ communities in India, as well as analyses of the language sections of the 2011 census; these were only released in July 2018. While the census data is unreliable, for many reasons, but due mainly to the fact that the results are self reported, the towns, villages, and districts most enamored by Sanskrit will be shown. The hegemony of the Brahminical orthodoxy quite often obfuscates the structural inequalities inherent in the hierarchical varṇa-jātī system of Hinduism. While the Indian constitution provides the opportunity for groups to speak, read/write, and to teach the language of their choice, even though Sanskrit is afforded status as a scheduled (i.e. recognised language that is offered various state-sponsored benefits) language, the imposition of Sanskrit learning on groups historically excluded from access to the Sanskrit episteme urges us to consider how the issue of linguistic human rights and glottophagy impact on less prestigious and unscheduled languages within India’s complex linguistic ecological area where the state imposes Sanskrit learning. The politics of representation are complicated by the intimate relationship between consumers of global yoga and Hindu supremacy. Global yogis become ensconced in a quite often ahistorical, Sanskrit-inspired thought-world. Through appeals to purity, tradition, affect, and authority, the unique way in which the Indian state reconfigures the logic of neoliberalism is to promote cultural ideals, like Sanskrit and yoga, as two pillars that can possibly create a better world via a moral and cultural renaissance. However, at the core of this political theology is the necessity to speak a ‘pure’ form of Sanskrit. Yet, the Sanskrit spoken today, even with its high and low registers, is, ultimately, various forms of hybrids influenced by the substratum first languages of the speakers. This leads us to appreciate that the socio-political components of reviving Sanskrit are certainly much more complicated than simply getting people to speak, for instance, a Sanskritised register of Hindi.
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Varfolomeeva, E. A., G. V. Mitina, and A. A. Choglokova. "Field test of the spores of entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium muscarium against Adelges on conifers of the Botanical Garden of Peter the Great." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.06.
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Adelgids are dangerous sucking pests of the conifers. Adelges pectinatae pectinatae and Pineus cembrae (Cholodkovsky, 1888) are noted throughout the Botanical Garden of Peter the Great on the conifers Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica, and Pinus Banksiana. The application of entomopathogenic fungi that can penetrate into the galls of adelgids allows decreasing the usage of the chemical pesticides. Strain G-033 VIZR, which is effective against sucking insects and mites, was examined. Conifers infected by the adelgids were sprayed with the blastospore suspension (titer – 5x107 spores/ml). The number of Adelges galls was counted before treatment and weekly for a month. The effectiveness of spores on the 7th and 10th day was 20-44 %; the effectiveness of the chemical insecticide Actara was 52-99 %. By the end of the observations, the effectiveness of the biolpesticide reached 92-98% at all species of trees and was at the level of the chemical reference. The effect of the application of spores was registered over the next month. The ability of L. muscarium to cause mycosis was proved by isolating strain G-033 VIZR from the galls of Adelges infected by fungus. The strain G-033 VIZR of L. muscarium showed high efficiency and a prolonged effect on the Adelgids population of two species A. pectinatae pectinatae and P. cembrae.
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Shafaghi, R., L. Pershin, M. Riguette, and J. Mostaghimi. "Sporicidal Efficacy of Thermal Spray Copper Alloy Coating with Varying Degrees of Roughness." In ITSC2017, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0042.
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Abstract This study was focused on the biocidal efficacy on spores of copper alloy sheet and copper alloy coating at two different surface topographies. Endospores can remain viable in a dormant state for centuries. Our work compares the effectiveness of copper alloy coating and copper sheet metal in killing endospores. A twin-wire arc spray system was used for coating of stainless steel coupons. The feedstock was CuNiZn wire, the coating thickness was 400 µm. The copper alloy sheet metal had the same composition and is registered as antimicrobial by Environmental Protection Agency (US). Uncoated stainless steel coupons were used as controls in all experiments. The surface was polished to two roughness levels: Ra=3.5 µm and Ra=0.1 µm. The surface topography was analyzed by a stylus profilometer and 3D image analysis. EDS and FIB were used to characterize the elemental composition and structure of flower-like nanostructures and endospores. The results obtained in this study indicated that changes in Ra values of 0.1 and 3.5 µm had no significant impact on the biocidal activity of sheet metal and the coating on E. coli, S. epidermidis and B. subtilis. The coating was as effective as the EPA-certified sheet metal in the destruction of vegetative cells within 5 minutes. This study indicates that degradation of B. subtilis endospore begins within 2 hours after exposure to the coating. By day seven, only extensively degraded endospores and nanostructures were visible on both surfaces. Our results show that thermal spray copper alloy coatings were as effective as certified antimicrobial sheet metal in the destruction of endospores within hours; however, the coating was more effective in killing the endospores after one week of exposure.
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Casarin, Jordana, Haline Costa, and Jorge Forero. "Extended researchers. Towards ameta social human beings." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.113.
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Extended reality (XR) technologies, particularly those derived from virtual reality (VR), offer promising alternatives in so far as they foster new social contexts that must be analyzed and systematized. The virtual world-centered Metaverse began to spotlight educational and social interaction, with possibilities to break the boundaries between real-world and virtual spaces that help escape from isolation constraints. The necessity for alternative solutions became evident in times of isolation, where physical interactions were limited. In July 2021, during the restrictions imposed by the Covid 19 pandemic, researchers from the University of Porto in Portugal created a virtual event called “Surviving a Ph.D: Tec and Arts Experiences,” aimed at helping doctoral students face the challenges of conducting lengthy and sometimes solitary investigations. The emotional problem related to the isolation of investigators was already evident in previous research, and the pandemic scenario served as an even greater warning to professionals such as scientists, in which alternative contact solutions are very welcome. To achieve the purpose, a three-dimensional virtual environment was developed, among other things, that allowed providing, in addition to presentations and discussion panels, an immersive experience to promote an instance of dialogue and discussion around the problems that occurred in doctoral programs. Attendees were invited to participate in scheduled activities in an environment developed in Mozilla Hubs, a web open-source platform that allows creating multi-user virtual spaces under a first-person game mechanic. The scenarios produced (also called rooms) sought to reflect the idea of isolation by incorporating the imaginary of four interconnected islands, which were developed in the Spoke editor provided by Mozilla. These islands housed a particular activity in a specific virtual space (Lobby, Conference Area, Culture and Leisure, and Food for thought area). Likewise, the participants had to choose an avatar with which they could visit the facilities provided for the event. The results showed that, unlike those platforms that we could consider linear, such as Zoom, Google Meet, or even YouTube, where interactions occur sequentially, virtual environments promote group relationships that can occur simultaneously and asynchronously. Likewise, positive effects were observed in the registered impressions of concurrent visitors from twenty-three countries worldwide from five continents, who evaluated the rooms as modern, innovative, fun, and friendly. In this article, we expose the antecedents, the methodology, and the results of this experience to contribute to the systematized knowledge around these new information technologies that, from the Metaverse, invite us to rethink ourselves as social beings.