Journal articles: 'Spoken discourse in french'

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Morof, Julia. "Patterns of construction in spoken French." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 53, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.00009.mor.

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Abstract This paper aims at discussing the relationships of turn construction, interactional units and projectability with especial regard to projections triggered by TCU-initially placed items, for instance discourse markers. Supported by data taken from contemporary spoken French, the main purpose of this piece is to theorize and describe these patterns of projection and to elicit from them constructional convergences. The theoretical statement is complemented by the exemplary analysis of a French talk-show conversation in which the turn-initially placed items feature prominently in the interlocutors’ discussion. This can be demonstrated through the study of certain linguistic mechanisms of coherence on different hierarchical levels. Special focus is placed on the implicit argumentative relations that the analyzed projection patterns establish.

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VERWIMP, LYAN, and KAREN LAHOUSSE. "Definiteil y a-clefts in spoken French." Journal of French Language Studies 27, no. 3 (June 23, 2016): 263–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269516000132.

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ABSTRACTThis article discussesil y a-clefts in spoken French. In the linguistic literature, only one function ofil y a-clefts is widely acknowledged, namely presenting a new event in the discourse. By studying corpus examples in their wider context, we found however that many occurrences do not easily fit in the properties described in the literature. We make a distinction between presentationalil y a-clefts, which can be event-presenting or entity-presenting, and specificational enumerativeil y a-clefts, which give an example of a class that was implicitly or explicitly evoked in the context.

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Mazur-Palandre, Audrey. "Overcoming preferred argument structure in written French." Written Language and Literacy 18, no. 1 (February 12, 2015): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.18.1.02maz.

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Spoken and written French contrast in many ways. Our goal here is to show how later language development is profoundly impacted by experience with written language. More than 120 French-speakers/ writers, one group of children (mean age: 10;9) and two groups of adolescents (mean age: 12;7 and 15;2), participated in this study. Our analysis of noun phrases is inspired by the hypothesis of Preferred Argument Structure (Du Bois 1987) and examines referential cohesion in texts produced in contexts differing in modality (spoken – written) and text type (expository – narrative). Our aim is to demonstrate: (a) that spoken language production is governed by discursive constraints which control the flow of information; and (b) these discursive constraints differ for written and spoken production. Part of learning to become a literate user of French involves overcoming the discourse constraints governing spoken language production.

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Vincent, Diane. "The sociolinguistics of exemplification in spoken French in Montréal." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 2 (July 1992): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000727.

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ABSTRACTExemplification is considered to be a rhetorical procedure used to illustrate a point. In spoken discourse, we can attribute to it an argumentative and pragmatic character. In this study, the data base is constituted of utterances marked by exemplification particles (par exemple, comme, genre, style, mettons, and disons ‘for example’, ‘like’, ‘of the (…) kind’, ‘of the (…) variety’, ‘let's say’) extracted from two corpora of spoken French in Montréal. One goal is to describe the constraints which govern the choice of discourse variant and at the same time to get the deepest insights possible into the procedure that interrelates these constraints. The main objective is to observe to what extent we can have access to the characteristics of a complex rhetorical phenomenon by using sociolinguistic data.

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Vincent, Diane. "The journey of non-standard discourse markers in Quebec French." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2005): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.6.2.03vin.

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In this study, I look at the history of several non-standard discourse markers in Quebec French. I attempt to explain how certain markers have become specialized so as to take on a conventional role in spoken discourse. Furthermore, my current interest focuses on discourse markers and their relationship with discursive structures. I will illustrate the organization of discursive “networks” through the presentation of two case studies, the exemplification/opposition network — from the study of par exemple —, and the exemplification/approximation network, from the study of mettons, disons, comme, genre and style. Data are taken from sociolinguistic corpora of French spoken in Montreal, which total approximately 300 hours of sociolinguistic interviews carried out in 1971, 1984 and 1995 with speakers who are representative of the Montreal francophone sociolinguistic community.

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Detges, Ulrich. "Strong pronouns in modern spoken French: Cliticization, constructionalization, grammaticalization?" Linguistics 56, no. 5 (August 28, 2018): 1059–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0017.

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AbstractIn this article, I show that in spoken French 1smoi, unlike 3slui, has undergone both semantic bleaching and heavy prosodic erosion and has therefore progressed along Lehmann’s parameters of grammaticalization. As will be argued, this person-asymmetry is rooted in the fact thatmoi, unlikelui, is largely used as a discourse-structuring device. Based on a phonetic analysis, I show that the main factor underlying the prosodic weakening of left-detachedmoiis string frequency, i.e., the degree of predictability of the element immediately followingmoi. The erosion ofmoiin spoken French is particularly strong when it is followed by the clitic 1sje; it is even stronger in those cases wheremoiintroduces a stance-verb expression of the typemoi je trouve que… ‘I think that …’. However, despite the massive effects produced by string frequency, the prosodic, distributional and discourse-pragmatic data presented here do not support the view that the prosodically weakened variants ofmoiinstantiate a construction that is distinct from non-cliticmoi.

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Degand, Liesbeth, and Benjamin Fagard. "Alors between discourse and grammar." Functions of Language 18, no. 1 (June 20, 2011): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.18.1.02deg.

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This paper presents an in-depth study of the semantics of the French discourse marker alors ‘at that time, then, so’. Its evolution from temporal adverbial with local anaphoric meaning to polysemous marker including conversation management uses in spoken French is traced through a systematic diachronic corpus analysis. Of particular interest in this perspective is the relationship between the different meanings of alors and the position it occupies in the sentence. Our main hypothesis is that the semantic evolution of alors goes hand in hand with grammatical and functional changes leading to new discourse functions, viz. from sentence adverbial to discourse structuring marker. We show that semantic meaning is driven by syntactic position changes which gradually evolve over time.

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Hansen, Maj-Britt Mosegaard. "Puis in spoken French: from time adjunct to additive conjunct?" Journal of French Language Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1995): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500002490.

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AbstractIn this paper I present an analysis of the discourse connective puis, as it is used in (relatively) informal spoken French. I argue that this item has been (and possibly still is) subject to a process of grammaticalization, whereby its basic function has changed from that of a time adjunct to that of an additive conjunct taking discourse acts in its scope, with the further possibility that it may be moving towards becoming a true conjunction. I moreover hypothesize that the meaning of conversational puis may be represented as a set of instructions, directing the hearer to search for two and only two elements to be connected, and to understand these two elements to be of separate relevance to a common integrator.

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de Oliveira e Silva, Giselle M., and Alzira Tavares de Macedo. "Discourse markers in the spoken Portuguese of Rio de Janeiro." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 2 (July 1992): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000776.

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ABSTRACTWe analyze four major classes of discourse marker used in Brazilian Portuguese: né and other requests for feedback; aí, a sequential connector; ah, bom, and other turn initiators; and assim, a marker of explanation. The distribution of these forms is compared in argumentation, description, narration, and other genres and explained in terms of discourse function. Sociodemographic conditioning is also analyzed. An innovative component of the data analysis is an accounting for rates of occurrence per number of clauses in the speech samples studied. The results were elaborated through a series of other studies confirming the discourse function of the various markers. A comparison of the results with previous work on English and French discourse markers reveals striking parallels and raises questions about the grammaticalization of these forms.

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Donaldson, Bryan. "LEFT DISLOCATION IN NEAR-NATIVE FRENCH." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33, no. 3 (July 20, 2011): 399–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263111000039.

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The present study is concerned with the upper limits of SLA—specifically, mastery of the syntax-discourse interface in successful endstate learners of second-language (L2) French (near-native speakers). Left dislocation (LD) is a syntactic means of structuring spoken French discourse by marking topic. Its use requires speakers to coordinate syntactic and pragmatic or discursive knowledge, an interface at which L2 learners have been shown to encounter difficulties (e.g., Sorace, 1993; Sorace & Filiaci, 2006). The data come from (a) an 8.5-hr corpus that consists of recordings of 10 dyadic conversations between near-native and native speakers of French and (b) two contextualized paper and audio tasks that tested intuitions and preferences regarding LD. Analyses of the near-native speakers’ production of LDs, the syntactic properties of their LDs, and their use of LDs to promote different types of discourse referents to topic status suggest that their mastery of this aspect of discourse organization converges on that of native speakers.

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Crible, Ludivine, and Liesbeth Degand. "Reliability vs. granularity in discourse annotation: What is the trade-off?" Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 15, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2016-0046.

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Abstract We report on the results of an annotation experiment comparing naïve and expert coders in a sense disambiguation task consisting in the assignment of function labels to discourse markers (e.g. well, but, I mean) in spoken French and English using a taxonomy specifically designed for speech. Our qualitative-quantitative assessment of its reliability led us to suggest fundamental revisions of the structure of the taxonomy, striving to find a better balance between reliability and granularity. The resulting model articulates two independent levels of annotation (domains and functions) which, once combined, provide a robust tool for the analysis of discourse markers and relate them to more general functions of spoken language.

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HAMLAOUI, FATIMA. "On the role of phonology and discourse in Francilian Frenchwh-questions." Journal of Linguistics 47, no. 1 (June 9, 2010): 129–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226710000198.

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It is argued that in Francilian French, the dialect of French spoken in the Paris metropolitan area, in-situ and frontedwh-questions have the same answerhood conditions but vary with respect to their respective focus-set (Reinhart 2006). The difference between the two types of questions lies in the discourse status of their non-whportion. Whereas thewh-phrase is never discourse-given, the non-whportion may or may not be, depending on the discourse context. In Francilian French in-situwh-questions, the non-whportion must be discourse-given. As this language exhibits a strong requirement on sentence stress to be kept rightmost it cannot, in contrast with English, assign sentence stress to a frontedwh-phrase when the non-whportion is discourse-given and needs to be destressed. The only way to simultaneously destress discourse-given items and keep sentence stress rightmost is by aligning thewh-phrase with the right edge of the clause. Whereas in Hungarian prosody triggers movement (Szendrői 2003), in Francilian French, prosody prevents it from occurring. An Optimal Theoretic analysis in the spirit of much recent work on focus and givenness in declaratives (Samek-Lodovici 2005, Féry & Samek-Lodovici 2006) captures this phenomenon.

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Debaisieux, Jeanne-Marie. "Toward a global approach to discourse uses of conjunctions in spoken French." Language Sciences 58 (November 2016): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2016.04.001.

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Bulot, Thierry. "Sociolinguistic Representations of the French Spoken in Rouen." Variation in (Sub)standard language 13 (December 31, 1999): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.13.11bul.

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Abstract. This article describes the methodology used to collect data on sociolinguistic representations in an urban situation - and, specifically, in Rouen (France) - by relying on a detailed study of the relationships between epilinguistic discourse and social space. In the discussion, emphasis is put not only on the initial assumptions of the research, on the problems which arose during the inquiry and the answers one can offer to those problems, but also on the methodological quandaries of any such work. Collecting the data involved two phases, the first qualitative and the second quantitative. A pre-inquiry which took the form of semi-directive interviews was carried out in order to select those items that the local speakers consider as sociolinguistically qualifying. Next, a written questionnaire was submitted to a second identical sample of local speakers who had to evaluate the items selected by the first group of speakers. The procedure was the same for both assessment recordings: the subjects heard pre-recorded representative verbal samples uttered by representative local speakers. In conclusion, it appears that a methodology combining the social evaluation of verbal samples and the measurement of attitudes could be appropriate in accounting for the complex encounters between several representations of urban space.

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Garassino, Davide. "A contrastive perspective on French and Italian wh-in situ questions." Discourse-pragmatic perspectives on interrogatives 29, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 25–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.00037.gar.

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Abstract This paper offers a qualitative and quantitative analysis of French and Italian wh-in situ questions based on spontaneous spoken data. A pragmatic analysis relying on two parameters, propositional activation and pragmatic functions, reveals that the licensing conditions and the use of this structure largely differ in the two languages. While French wh-in situ do not require an activated proposition and can introduce a discourse-new topic, Italian wh-in situ mostly require an activated proposition and, at least in the analyzed corpus data, do not introduce discourse-new topics. An examination of the context also reveals that the different licensing conditions influence the interactional uses of these questions. All in all, both French and Italian wh-in situ require a pragmatic condition, which is their ‘anchoring’ to given, or at least inferable, information in the linguistic context (as is typical of Italian) or to predictable situations in the extralinguistic context (such as expected discourse moves in social interactions, as is the case for French).

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Ashby, William J. "The variable use on versus tu/vous for indefinite reference in Spoken French." Journal of French Language Studies 2, no. 2 (September 1992): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500001277.

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abstractThe subject clitic on has a surprising range of referential values, both indefinite and definite, that can be seen only when one examines the use of the pronoun in natural discourse. This paper proposes a partial typology of on derived from examples found in a socially-deverse corpus of Tourangeau French. The focus of the paper is on the variable use of on versus vous or tu as indefinite-genetic pronouns. The variation is partially constrained by a complex of linguistic, sociolinguistic, and partially discourse pragmatic factors. The saliency the speaker wishes to give to the referent apppears to be a key factor determining the probability of occurrence of the variants.

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Vladimirska, Elena, Jelena Gridina, and Daina Turlā-Pastare. "Discourse Markers of French: Multifaceted Look at a Controversial Category." Kalbotyra 74 (September 15, 2021): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kalbotyra.2021.74.14.

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In this paper, we discuss the question of discourse markers (DM) – a category conceived differently by theoretical and applied linguistic approaches. Unlike in applied approaches, in which DMs are considered desemantized/grammaticalized lexical units devoid of their own semantics and therefore of status in the language, we consider DMs to constitute a full-fledged category of language, having its own semantics and distribution, both of which play a crucial role in the construction of discourse (Paillard 2011, 2012; Franckel 2008, 2019). This hypothesis has been developed in theoretical linguistics and has seen little evidence from a perspective of the acquisition and didactics of foreign languages. Based on cross-analysis of linguistic theories (Benveniste 1974; Ducrot 1980; Hopper & Traugott 1993; Culioli 1990,1999; Franckel & Paillard 2008) and on distributional analysis of data of the spoken corpora, we show that the absence of specific linguistic status for DMs has repercussions at the didactic and acquisition levels: DMs are generally approached in an ad hoc manner, all functions combined, which leads on the one hand to gaps in the acquisition of French and, on the other hand, to the ambiguity of criteria for evaluation. Therefore, at the level of applied linguistics, we suggest the integration of DMs in the learning path as a full category, an integration that must be carried out on several axes – semantic, syntax and prosodic – and be based on an authentic oral corpora of the spoken language. At the theoretical level, we use transversal analysis in order to give yet another argument in favor of a semantical-enunciative approach to discursive markers.

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Crible, Ludivine. "Discourse markers and (dis)fluency in English and French." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22, no. 2 (September 22, 2017): 242–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.22.2.04cri.

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Abstract While discourse markers (DMs) and (dis)fluency have been extensively studied in the past as separate phenomena, corpus-based research combining large-scale yet fine-grained annotations of both categories has, however, never been carried out before. Integrating these two levels of analysis, while methodologically challenging, is not only innovative but also highly relevant to the investigation of spoken discourse in general and form-meaning patterns in particular. The aim of this paper is to provide corpus-based evidence of the register-sensitivity of DMs and other disfluencies (e.g. pauses, repetitions) and of their tendency to combine in recurrent clusters. These claims are supported by quantitative findings on the variation and combination of DMs with other (dis)fluency devices in DisFrEn, a richly annotated and comparable English-French corpus representative of eight different interaction settings. The analysis uncovers the prominent place of DMs within (dis)fluency and meaningful association patterns between forms and functions, in a usage-based approach to meaning-in-context.

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Coveney, Aidan. "The use of the QU-final interrogative structure in spoken French." Journal of French Language Studies 5, no. 2 (September 1995): 143–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500002738.

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AbstractThe contextual and pragmatic motivations for the use of the QU-final interrogative structure are explored in a substantial corpus of spoken French, employing a variationist methodology. A number of categorical, or invariant, contexts, are identified, and the effect of several variable contextual and pragmatic constraints is examined. QU elements of three or more syllables and copulas are found to strongly favour the use of the QU-final structure, whereas rhetorical questions and monosyllabic QU elements disfavour its use. Certain discourse contexts effectively rule out the QU-final structure, and, except for a few categorical contexts, its use is always optional.

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Garcia, Brigitte, Marie-Anne Sallandre, and Marie-Thérèse L’Huillier. "Impersonal human reference in French Sign Language (LSF)." Sign Language and Linguistics 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.00022.gar.

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Abstract The present paper offers a first systematic approach to the expression of impersonal human reference in French Sign Language (LSF). It extends and deepens a prior study carried out by the authors on the basis of a large scale discourse corpus. The description proposed here is based primarily on data elicited through a specialised questionnaire on impersonal human reference (Barberà & Cabredo Hofherr, this volume), initially developed for spoken languages and adapted for sign languages. The strategies revealed are compared with those discussed in our prior study. We begin with a brief review of the literature on impersonal human reference in spoken and sign languages, and a presentation of our theoretical framework for the analysis of LSF. We then elaborate on our methodology and the issues raised by the elicitation protocol adopted, from initial stages of its preparation to the representation of our data. We finally present and discuss the main strategies we highlighted for the expression of impersonal reference in LSF.

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Dargnat, Mathilde, and Jacques Jayez. "Mais et associés." Les phraséologismes pragmatiques, no. 29 (December 1, 2021): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/lexique.185.

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This paper focuses on the distribution of discourse marker sequences immediately on the left or right of mais (≈ but) in French, such as oui non mais (≈ yes no but), mais quand même (≈ but still) or mais bon (≈ but well). The goal is to determine what sequences are the most frequent and how they fit (or not) with the meaning of mais. Exploiting five spoken French corpora, we use two association measures to extract the most plausible candidate patterns. Following the literature on association measures, we explore the two complementary dimensions of frequency (MI3 measure) and predictability (DeltaP measure). This procedure reveals that i) there are indeed discourse marker patterns around bon, ii) most clusters or associates smoothly combine with the basic ‘argumentative’ value of mais and iii) within this semantically coherent set, comparing and crossing the results of the two measures on the left and the right of mais helps to identify subsets of discourse markers with specific discourse functions.

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Mortier, Liesbeth, and Liesbeth Degand. "Adversative discourse markers in contrast." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 14, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 338–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.3.03mor.

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This paper deals with the semantics of two discourse markers, viz. French en fait (“in fact”) and Dutch eigenlijk (“actually”), commonly associated with the expression of “opposition” and “reformulation”. A special focus lies on methodological issues in the description of such markers, since their non-propositional meanings seem to require what is called a ‘combined corpus approach’, including written and spoken comparable data as well as translation corpora. It is argued that eigenlijk and en fait are best described as adversatives, at the intersection of “opposition” and “reformulation” which constitute their basic meanings, and from which other meanings such as “causality”, “counterexpectation”, “enhancement” and “attenuation” can be inferred. Evidence from all sets of corpora moreover suggests that it is the semantic underspecification of en fait and (especially) eigenlijk which ultimately accounts for their high level of polysemy.

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Vitez, Primož. "Le discours médiatique parlé et la norme en français." Journal for Foreign Languages 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.13.35-50.

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The system of French accentuation is a relevant case of a language change, observable in a relatively short period of time in a stable synchrony. Since the mid-twentieth century, the formation of linguistic norms has largely depended on a specific type of utterance, media discourse, continually available in spoken audio-visual media. The impact of spoken media on the development of linguistic expression in the last few decades is unprecedented in language history. It is based on a communicational model in which speech is produced by a single speaker and instantly perceived by a multitude of receivers who have no possibility of intervening in the communicational process. Thus the receivers are passively exposed to an exclusive speaker and to language strategies conceived by the media and its linguistic authority. The analysis of two professional spoken interventions, uttered on French television, shows an important modification of the traditional accentual system: conserving the final accent (FA), the speakers systematically introduce an initial accent (IA), a landmark in the evolution of the French language and its normative features. The IA affects the first syllable of a stressed lexeme or the first syllable of an extended accentual unit, regardless of the syntactic function of the stressed morpheme. The FA is operated by the intonational action, while the IA seems to be realized by an accentual augmentation of vocal intensity. The automatism of lexical stressing is generating a systematic accentuation of the first syllable of the accentual unit. The IA mostly affects lexemes that speakers insist on because of their informative value (numerals, adverbs, proper names), but an important part of IA concerns different proclytics, such as deictic elements, articles and determinants. Accentual limitation of the unit on both sides is a specific feature of the speech in French audio-visual media. In recent decades it has found its echo in the normative speech of French linguistic communities.

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Teletin, Andreea, and Veronica Manole. "Formes nominales d’adresse au vocatif et l’expression des relations sociales en roumain, portugais et français." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 65, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.23.

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"Vocative Nominal Address Forms and the Expression of Social Relations in Romanian, Portuguese, and French. In this paper we analyze the vocative, the grammatical case that speakers use to encode the interlocutor in discourse, based on several criteria: symmetrical or asymmetrical social relations, close or distant relations, written vs spoken communication, regional usages, etc. Our socio-pragmatic analysis based on vocatives used in the novel Wasted Morning by Gabriela Adameșteanu and the Portuguese and French translations identifies the values of these linguistic means according to the relational dynamics among characters, their social status, the level of education, and gender. Keywords: vocative, nominal address forms, Romanian, Portuguese, French."

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Crozet, Chantal. "Teaching verbal interaction and culture in the language classroom." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 19, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.19.2.03cro.

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This paper explores a model for teaching communicative performance which integrates the teaching of norms of interaction in French with the teaching of kinesics, prosodies and the grammar of spoken French. Students’ own perceptions of stereotypes were used as an entry point into the discourse practices of the target culture. Students were filmed while they perform role plays in which they try to reproduce the rules of French conversation. The group viewed the filmed performances and feed back was given to students who are encouraged to discuss their response to learning foreign codes of cultural behaviour. The paper looks into the complexities of teaching culture and language as an integrated process.

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Crible, Ludivine, Liesbeth Degand, and Gaëtanelle Gilquin. "The clustering of discourse markers and filled pauses." Languages in Contrast 17, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.1.04cri.

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Abstract This article presents a corpus-based contrastive study of (dis)fluency in French and English, focusing on the clustering of discourse markers (DMs) and filled pauses (FPs) across various spoken registers. Starting from the hypothesis that markers of (dis)fluency, or ‘fluencemes’, occur more frequently in sequences than in isolation, and that their contribution to the relative fluency of discourse can only be assessed by taking into account the contextual distribution of these sequences, this study uncovers the specific contextual conditions that trigger the clustering of fluencemes in the two languages. First, the contexts of appearance of DMs and FPs are described separately, both in English and French, focusing on their distribution, position and co-occurrence patterns. Then, the combination of DMs and FPs in sequences and their different configurations (DM+FP, FP+DM, etc.) are investigated. Overall, it appears that FPs function differently depending on whether they are clustered with DMs or not, and this difference consists in either maintaining or erasing inter- and intra-linguistic contrasts.

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Tottie, Gunnel. "Introduction: Seven types of continuity in discourse." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 2 (July 1992): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000703.

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This issue of Language Variation and Change brings together seven articles from four continents, North and South America, Europe, and Australia, dealing with Québec French, Brazilian Portuguese, British and Australian English, respectively. Although the geographical spread is great, the articles have in common a focus on how various discourse strategies and devices (punctors, pragmatic expressions, extension particles) maintain coherence or continuity in spoken discourse, and all subscribe to the importance of a rigorous quantitative methodology. They thus bear testimony to the important development in linguistics in recent years that regards discourse processes found mainly in unedited oral speech as crucial data offering a key to the functioning of human language (Ducrot, 1980; Roulet et al., 1985; Schegloff et al., 1977; Schiffrin, 1987; Stenström, 1990).

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Fleischman, Suzanne, and M. B. Mosegaard Hansen. "The Function of Discourse Particles: A Study with Special Reference to Spoken Standard French." Language 75, no. 1 (March 1999): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417543.

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Hermann, Jesper. "The Function of discourse particles a study with special reference to spoken standard French." Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 32, no. 1 (January 2000): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2000.10414615.

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Beeching, Kate. "Repair strategies and social interaction in spontaneous spoken French: the pragmatic particle enfin." Journal of French Language Studies 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269501000126.

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The spoken language has traditionally been regarded as being a degenerate version of the written language, marred by backtrackings and repetitions. This paper explores the role of the pragmatic particle enfin when it is used as a corrective, both to introduce a repair and, in its mitigating or hedging capacity, as a mediator of social relations. An attempt is made to account for the pragmatico-syntactic characteristics of a particular manifestation of corrective enfin – the echo/self-mimic corrective. The behaviour of enfin is arguably a microcosm in a much larger universe of rules governing the way speakers produce and hearers interpret the shifting signals of participatory discourse.

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Crible, Ludivine, and Liesbeth Degand. "Co-occurrence and ordering of discourse markers in sequences: A multifactorial study in spoken French." Journal of Pragmatics 177 (May 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.02.006.

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Magne, Cyrille, Corine Astésano, Anne Lacheret-Dujour, Michel Morel, Kai Alter, and Mireille Besson. "On-line Processing of “Pop-Out” Words in Spoken French Dialogues." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 5 (May 2005): 740–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929053747667.

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Highlighting relevant information in a discourse context is a major aim of spoken language communication. Prosodic cues such as focal prominences are used to fulfill this aim through the pragmatic function of prosody. To determine whether listeners make on-line use of focal prominences to build coherent representations of the informational structure of the utterances, we used the brain event-related potential (ERP) method. Short dialogues composed of a question and an answer were presented auditorily. The design of the experiment allowed us to examine precisely the time course of the processing of prosodic patterns of sentence-medial or -final words in the answer. These patterns were either congruous or incongruous with regard to the pragmatic context introduced by the question. Furthermore, the ERP effects were compared for words with or without focal prominences. Results showed that pragmatically congruous and incongruous prosodic patterns elicit clear differences in the ERPs, which were largely modulated in latency and polarity by their position within the answer. By showing that prosodic patterns are processed on-line by listeners in order to understand the informational structure of the message, the present results demonstrate the psychobiological validity of the pragmatic concept of focus, expressed via prosodic cues. Moreover, the functional significance of the positive-going effects found sentence medially and negative-going effects found sentence finally is discussed. Whereas the former may reflect the processing of surprising and task-relevant prosodic patterns, the latter may reflect the integration problems encountered in extracting the overall informational structure of the sentence.

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Engel, Dulcie M. "A minor issue?" Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 32, no. 1 (June 25, 2009): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.1.02eng.

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‘Minor sentences’ is one of the many terms used in the literature to refer to a phenomenon usually relegated to an obscure paragraph of the grammar book, or treated principally as a spoken discourse feature. These forms are also referred to as sentence fragments, incomplete sentences, verbless sentences, and nominal sentences, to name but a few of the terms found. Despite the marginal status attributed to the forms, more detailed study is warranted. Minor sentences occur frequently in the written language, and perform important communicative functions in a range of contexts. The term is used to refer to apparently complete phrases which do not conform to canonical sentence structure. Typically, they lack a subject noun phrase, or a finite verb, i.e. one of the two ‘essential’ elements of the sentence. In this paper, we begin with an overview of English and French grammar book and discourse analysis approaches. We then discuss previous studies of minor sentence contexts, French recipes and newspaper headlines, before turning to a corpus consisting of public signs and notices, headlines, advertising slogans, and crossword clues, in an effort to determine whether certain minor sentence types can be associated with particular (written) discourse functions.

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Nasirov, Ahir. "THE ROLE OF FIGURES OF SPEECH IN CONTEMPORARY COLLOQUIAL FRENCH." Alatoo Academic Studies 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2023.232.37.

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This article mainly deals with the figures of speech, which are nowadays widely used in French spoken language. The article points out that the figures of speech, found mainly in examples from literary materials, are often used during dialogues to give speech specificity and to make ordinary colloquial speech more expressive. During a discourse, it is unavoidable to use descriptive means to convey emotions and feelings to the other party. In order to develop this factor in detail, this article explains some examples of the use of metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole, comparison, personification and other figures of speech from a number of novels by the 21st century French writer Faïza Guène. From the article we can see that figurative language is in most cases necessary for humans to express themselves clearly. However, it concludes that much research will be needed in the future to analyze the unique place of each figure of speech in modern colloquial French. Because, as the French linguist Ruth Amossy says, the importance of reflection on figures cannot fail to raise fruitful questions about the complex relationship between style and argumentation. Indeed, one may ask to what extent style contributes to the impact of speech.

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Jeanneret, Thérèse. "Déploiement d'une interlangue et gestion des objets de discours dans une interview radiophonique en français." Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, no. 41 (September 1, 2005): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2005.2705.

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This article addresses the effects upon oral interactional French of three constraints which are inherent to the speech exchange in question, a radio interview of a Peruvian musician in French: the interactional constraints which are due to the effects of sequentiality of the turns of both participants, the informational constraints imposed by themes touched upon in the interview and the interlanguage constraints relating to the variety of French spoken by the non-native participant. The methodology of oral French teaching will be the focus of this attempt to characterize this French contact variety with Spanish.

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Defrancq, Bart, and Gert De Sutter. "Contingency hedges in Dutch, French and English." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 15, no. 2 (May 21, 2010): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.15.2.03def.

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This article reports on a detailed corpus-based and contrastive analysis of the syntactic, semantic and functional properties of English depend, French dépendre and Dutch afhangen, liggen and zien as markers of intersubjectivity. Based on three large-scale monolingual corpora of spoken English, French and Dutch, the results show that these intersubjectivity markers are semantically related to a conditional meaning of the verbs they are based on: viewpoints expressed or asked for in the preceding discourse are presented as valid only in particular circumstances. Furthermore, it is shown that the markers have undergone a process of decategorialisation, as they appear almost exclusively in third person present tense, and as the range of subjects that can be combined with these markers is more restricted than the non-intersubjective uses of these verbs. Finally, a detailed corpus analysis of the Dutch markers shows that their use is mainly determined by regional and functional parameters.

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Baunaz, Lena, and Caterina Bonan. "Activation levels." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.305.

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In the last five decades, French wh in-situ has been the center of much work in theoretical linguistics. Nonetheless, scholars still disagree on the distribution of these constructions, and on their interpretation. While whether or not wh in-situ is necessarily presuppositional has been debated for years (Cheng & Rooryck 2000, Baunaz 2011, Shlonsky 2012, a.o.), we believe this question is too narrow. Here, we investigate the ESLO 1-2 corpora of spoken French and provide a fresh understanding of in-situ questions based on the notion of ‘discourse activation’ (Dryer 1996, Larrivée 2019a, Garassino 2022). By demonstrating both the passage from a predominantly ex-situ system to a predominantly in-situ system, and a significant augmentation of non-context-bound in-situ occurrences, we redefine the conditions under which these structures are licenced in Hexagonal French, and how they have evolved from a micro-diachronic perspective (1970s-2010s).

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Cassarà, Alessia, Aria Aria, and Lena Karssemberg. "Clefts in context: A QUD-perspective on c’est / il y a utterances in spoken French." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, no. 1 (September 15, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.197.

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In this paper we present the results of a pragmatic analysis of French full clefts and monoclausal c’est/il y a utterances (e.g. c’est la femme qui l’a tué ‘it’s the wife who killed him’ vs. c’est la femme ‘it’s the wife’ respectively in answer to the question ‘who killed him?’), when these structures are used as pragmatic strategies to focalize the subject in spoken French. Unlike full cleft sentences, monoclausal c’est and il y a utterances have received less attention in the literature, especially with regard to focus and its realization in spontaneous speech. Investigating the opposition between full clefts and monoclausal forms as well as the questions that these clefts answer allows us to arrive at a more precise understanding of the discourse functions of these structures and the pragmatic contexts in which they are felicitous. The corpus that is used (sgs, spontaneous spoken French) contains many question-answer pairs due to its interactive setup, thus enabling a clear analysis of the types of Question Under Discussion that the clefts answer. The data show that monoclausal utterances are more likely to answer highly active QUDs, whereas full clefts are more likely to answer less active QUDs. The level of activation is determined in terms of proximity and implicitness of the QUD (immediately-preceding the cleft, further away or implicit), and - when the question is uttered explicitly - modality (wh or yes/no) also plays a role.

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Petit, Mélanie, and Dominique Knutsen. "Ok, d’un état mental à l’autre : dialogue entre la sémantique et la prosodie." Variations autour du mot "ok", no. 25 (December 1, 2019): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/lexique.758.

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The current study focuses on the production of okay (ok in French) in French spoken dialogues. We investigate the use of this discourse marker from two different perspectives. Our examples are taken from Frantext, from the French TV show "Maison à vendre", but also from an experimental corpus created in a psychology experiment involving goal-oriented dialogues between pairs of participants. On the one hand, a semantic approach seeks to list the different uses of okay in dialogue by placing them on a continuum between mutual comprehension and miscomprehension. On the other hand, a prosodic approach seeks to link the different uses of okay to the speaker's state of mind, in particular by focusing on the correspondence between the production of okay and the timescale of the action performed by the dialogue partners. We conclude by pointing out potential overlaps between the two approaches while highlighting the specificity of each of them.

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Thonhauser, Ingo. "“Written language but easily to use!”." Written Language and Literacy 6, no. 1 (December 3, 2002): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.6.1.05tho.

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Questions of biliteracy and multiliteracies increasingly move into the centre of literacy research. This paper focuses on the question how perceptions of spoken and written language are shaped by diglossia and multilingual language practices in Lebanon. A brief introduction to the language situation in modern Lebanon, plus a discussion of the basic concepts of literacy and diglossia, are followed by a study of excerpts of a series of qualitative case studies, conducted in Beirut. Multilingualism in Lebanon is characterised by a dominance of colloquial Lebanese Arabic in oral discourse; this contrasts with the use of a variety of languages — English, French and Modern Standard Arabic — in the written domain. The analysis of statements taken from the interviews suggests that perceptions of continuity and discontinuity between the spoken/written modes are related to and shaped by diglossia. The paper ends with an outlook on educational implications.

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COMEAU, PHILIP, RUTH KING, and GARY R. BUTLER. "New insights on an old rivalry: The passé simple and the passé composé in spoken Acadian French." Journal of French Language Studies 22, no. 3 (January 5, 2012): 315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269511000524.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigates the expression of past temporal reference in a highly conservative variety of Acadian French spoken in the Baie Sainte-Marie region of Nova Scotia, Canada. Variationist analysis of data from a sociolinguistic corpus for the village of Grosses Coques reveals a split between narrative and conversational discourse, with variation mainly between use of the passé simple and the imparfait in the former and between the passé composé and the imparfait in the latter. The passé simple remains in robust use in this variety and is constrained in a manner similar to that found in 17th-century representations of colloquial speech involving narration.

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McElgunn, Hannah. "Dialogic Discourses of French and English in Acadie." Articles, no. 8 (June 27, 2017): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040308ar.

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Debate in the Acadian media over the quality of the French language is a recurrent aspect of sociolinguistic life in this region of French Canada. In the fall of 2012, this debate was relaunched by an incendiary newspaper column, written by a Quebec-based journalist, questioning whether the French spoken by young Acadian musicians was really a language at all. Based on twelve interviews conducted shortly after this debate, this article examines how university students in Acadie take up these media discourses about the quality of the French language. In general, the students interviewed regarded the French language as inherently rule-bound and structured, in contrast to English, which many held to be comparatively without rules, even easygoing. The author suggests that this particular view has developed in part because of exposure to discussion over the quality of French in Acadie, and that any attempt to improve what is perceived as the poor quality of French in Acadie cannot ignore the very terms in which it portrays the French language. These figurations become part of the linguistic ideologies of young French speakers in Acadie and potentially feed into the very state of affairs that commentators lament.

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Foolen, Ad. "Review of Hansen (1998): The Function of Discourse Particles. A Study with Special Reference to Spoken Standard French." Studies in Language 25, no. 2 (December 7, 2001): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.25.2.09foo.

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Cornish, Francis, and Anne Salazar Orvig. "A critical look at the notion ‘pro-form’. Evidence from indexical markers, spoken discourse and (French) child language." Language Sciences 54 (March 2016): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2015.11.001.

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Bolly, Catherine, and Liesbeth Degand. "Have you seen what I mean?" Journal of Historical Pragmatics 14, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 210–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.2.03bol.

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The aim of this contribution is to investigate, by means of a diachronic multi-genre corpus-based approach (Academic, Narrative, and Present-day Spoken French), whether the historical functional shift from the propositional domain to the causal/pragmatic domain of linguistic expressions correlates with their semantic shift from primarily conceptual to primarily procedural content. Our analysis concentrates on two discourse markers derived from the French verb voir (‘to see’), namely vu que (‘since’), and on a/nous avons vu que (‘we have seen that’). Our initial hypothesis was that both markers result from an (ongoing) “proceduralisation” process which found its source in the polysemous conceptual meaning of the verb voir, viz. perceptive and cognitive meaning. Our results show that this hypothesis needs a more qualified perspective on linguistic change leading us to approach the “proceduralisation” process in terms of gradualness rather than polarity, and to broaden the field of grammaticalisation to non-linguistic criteria such as the “stylistic” parameter.

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Sabio, Frédéric, and Marie-Noëlle Roubaud. "The syntactic and discursive status of c’est comme ça que (this is how) in spoken and written French." Non-prototypical clefts 32 (December 31, 2018): 144–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00019.sab.

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Abstract Several recent studies devoted to French clefts involving a pronominal/adverbial morpheme such as pour ça (for that), là (there), ainsi (like this), alors (then) and comme ça (like this) demonstrate that these are likely to behave in two distinct ways, one of them being somewhat “non-prototypical” in comparison with the most commonly described narrow focus clefts. The subject of our article is to deepen the examination of c’est comme ça que sequences (lit: it is like this that, “this is how”), since they have not yet received detailed attention as to their use in modern French. The 8,600,000 word corpus which was used indicates that such forms are considerably more frequent in spoken than in written data. After recalling some of the major syntactic characteristics of clefts, we will suggest that two distinct types of c’est comme ça que sequences must be identified: the first type corresponds to the most prototypical clefts endowed with a “contrastive” effect related to the expression of manner; the second type, which will be described in greater detail, cannot be viewed as a cleft but rather as a specific discourse connector, which speakers mostly use in narrative texts, in order to introduce a consequence of the set of facts previously mentioned.

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Fleischman, Suzanne. "The function of discourse particles: A study with special reference to spoken standard French By M.-B. Mosegaard Hansen." Language 75, no. 1 (1999): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1999.0023.

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Didirková, Ivana, Ludivine Crible, and Anne Catherine Simon. "Impact of Prosody on the Perception and Interpretation of Discourse Relations: Studies on “Et” and “Alors” in Spoken French." Discourse Processes 56, no. 8 (October 25, 2018): 619–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2018.1528963.

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Lybaert, Chloé, Bernard De Clerck, Jorien Saelens, and Ludovic De Cuypere. "A Corpus-Based Analysis of V2 Variation in West Flemish and French Flemish Dialects." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 31, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 43–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542718000028.

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This paper explores V2 variation in West Flemish and French Flemish dialects of Dutch based on an extensive corpus of authentic spoken data. After taking stock of the existing literature, we probe into the effect of region, prosodic integration, form and function of the topicalized constituent, form of the subject, and the number of constituents in the prefield on (non)inverted word order. This is the first study that carries out regression analysis on the combined impact of these variables in the entire West Flemish and French Flemish region, with additional visualization of effect sizes. The results show that noninversion is generally more widespread than originally anticipated, with unexpected higher occurrence of noninversion in continental West Flemish and lower frequencies in western West Flemish. With the exception of the variable number of constituents in the prefield, all other variables had a significant impact on word order: Clausal topicalized elements, elements that have peripheral functions, and elements that lack prosodic integration all favor noninverted word order. The form of the subject also impacted word order, but its effect is sometimes overruled by discourse considerations.

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Pityk, K. M. "EVOLUTION OF THE LINGUO-CULTURAL CONCEPTS IN THE FRENCH PRESIDENTS’ NEW YEAR’S EVE ADDRESSES: NATIONAL VALUES AS A MANIPULATION TOOL." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 66 (2) (2019): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.16.

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The article deals with the search of key linguo-cultural concepts of the French political culture, verbalized in the French Presidents’ of the Fifth Republic New Year’s eve addresses (les Voeux de Nouvel An) from 1960 to 2016. The author analyzes French politicians’ public speech as the mirror im- age of the French core national values. This research summarizes achievements in the field of cultural linguistics, pragmalinguistics and discourse analysis. Moreover, it provides leading modern scientists’ ideas about the genre of the congratulatory speech and its characteristics, highlighting major diﬀer- ences between the congratulatory speech and other speeches. Much attention is given to the notion of “linguo-cultural concept”, defined as a core element of the French language and culture, and to its diﬀerence from the notion of “social representation” that is considered to be a basic unit in the field of French sociolinguistics. Applying linguo-cultural approach to the data, gained thanks to the use of the lexicometric software program Tropes, we defined five core linguo-cultural concepts in the New Year’s Eve addresses, namely la France, la Nation, la Liberté, l’Esprit cartésien and la Fraternité as objectively as possible. It is spoken in detail about verbal representations of the mentioned concepts. The author gives also the example of their use in the congratulatory speeches of Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, François Mitterand, Jacques Chirac, Nicolas Sarcozy and François Hollande. The article gives a detailed analysis of the linguo-cultural concept la Fra- ternité and its transformation into the concept la Solidarité. The perspectives of further research are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spoken discourse in french'

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