Journal articles: 'Spoken communication'

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Remez, Robert E. "Talker contingency in spoken communication." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4877402.

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Hidayah, Nurul. "A Descriptive Study of Registers Found in Spoken and Written Communication (A Semantic Analysis)." Register Journal 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v2i2.121-134.

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This research is descriptive study of registers found in spoken and written communication. The type of this research is Descriptive Qualitative Research. In this research, the data of the study is register in spoken and written communication that are found in a book entitled "Communicating! Theory and Practice" and from internet. The data can be in the forms of words, phrases and abbreviation. In relation with method of collection data, the writer uses the library method as her instrument. The writer relates it to the study of register in spoken and written communication. The technique of analyzing the data using descriptive method. The types of register in this term will be separated into formal register and informal register, and identify the meaning of register.Keywords: Register; Spoken and Written Communication; Jargon; Slang; Motherese

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Laver, John. "Three semiotic layers of spoken communication." Journal of Phonetics 31, no. 3-4 (July 2003): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4470(03)00034-2.

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Schultz, Tanja, Michael Wand, Thomas Hueber, Dean J. Krusienski, Christian Herff, and Jonathan S. Brumberg. "Biosignal-Based Spoken Communication: A Survey." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 25, no. 12 (December 2017): 2257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2752365.

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Gentilucci, Maurizio, Claudia Gianelli, and Giovanna Cristina Campione. "Intersubjectivity and Embodied Communication Systems." Cognitive Semiotics 4, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogsem.2012.4.1.125.

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Abstract Both intersubjectivity and embodied cognitive processes are based on mechanisms for sharing actions, common to the species. The evolution of spoken language and of communication systems in general are good examples of this. In the present review, we propose that, by a process of observation and imitation, the sharing of object-directed actions (i.e., transitive arm/hand actions) and their pantomimes could have been used to progressively construct communication systems capable of representing action meaning (i.e., their goals). Starting from this process of observation and imitation, humans may have constructed progressively more complex communication systems based on iconic and symbolic arm gestures. These communication systems may have gradually been translated into more specific, buccal, gesture-based systems that gave rise to spoken language. In support of these hypotheses, we report evidence showing that the execution and observation of transitive actions and their pantomimes affects the production of phonological units. We describe the effects of the production and observation of symbolic gestures on word pronunciation. Finally, we report evidence that these systems relating gesture to speech have neural correlates in neural circuits located in the frontal cortex, understood to be involved in spoken language..

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Chafe, Wallace, and Jan Firbas. "Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication." Language 70, no. 2 (June 1994): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415834.

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Yi, Yu-mi. "A Study of Communication Power in Spoken Language." Journal of Language & Literature 65 (March 31, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15565/jll.2016.3.65.31.

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Longcamp, Marieke, Jean-Michel Hupé, Mathieu Ruiz, Nathalie Vayssière, and Marc Sato. "Shared premotor activity in spoken and written communication." Brain and Language 199 (December 2019): 104694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104694.

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Peelle, Jonathan. "Cognitive Consequences of Acoustic Challenge During Spoken Communication." Biological Psychiatry 89, no. 9 (May 2021): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.198.

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Galayevska, Lyudmyla. "INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LYCEUM STUDENTS’ SPOKEN COMMUNICATION." Ukrainian Educational Journal, no. 4 (2020): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32405/2411-1317-2020-4-161-168.

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Windsor, Jennifer, and Macalyne Fristoe. "Key Word Signing." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 54, no. 3 (August 1989): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5403.374.

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Suprasegmental changes in speaker-signers' speech may be an important component of the results obtained in key-word-sign programs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether untrained listeners could tell a difference between the speech of a person using key word signing with speech and using speech only. Fifty untrained listeners heard an audiotape of six speaker-signers who sometimes used key word signing and sometimes used speech only in their production of 24 spoken narratives. The results demonstrated that listeners could accurately classify all keyword-signed communication of three speaker-signers and the spoken-only communication of all four speaker-signers who had been previously identified as demonstrating natural spoken communication. The major perceived differences between the use of key-word-signed communication and spoken-only communication were differences in speech rate and word emphasis and differences in pausing.

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Fitzgerald, Megan, Barry Sapolsky, and Steven McClung. "Offensive Language Spoken on Morning Radio Programs." Journal of Radio & Audio Media 16, no. 2 (November 6, 2009): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376520903277047.

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Alsaawi, Ali. "Spoken and Written Language as Medium of Communication: A Self-reflection." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.2p.194.

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Speaking and writing are the most important communicative tools among human beings. While speaking is considered to be older and more widely employed, spoken and written language have not been treated equally. Spoken language is seen as the natural productive tool among people that is more common and normal, whereas written language is seen as being intricate and complicated due to its extensive rules. Therefore, spoken language has attracted the attention of researchers to a greater extent compared to written language due to the belief that spoken language has primacy over written language. This paper is an attempt to shed some light on these two communicative elements and the differences between them. A self-reflection, based on Dewey’s (1997) ground-breaking work, is presented in terms of when/where spoken or written language is more appropriate as a medium of communication. It can be argued, therefore, that both speaking and writing are important means of communication without prioritising one over the other; yet, conventions are the real indicators as to which medium of communication is more appropriate.

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Alqahtani, Manal. "An Interactive Dialogue Management System for Spoken Language." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 3, no. 27 (July 5, 2021): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.274.

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The spoken dialogue system is one of the most important human-machine communication ways. Human-machine communication can be described as an interaction between the user and the computer. This field is full of research points, so it is considered a good attractive environment for many researchers. The spoken dialogue system is of great importance in the process of communicating commercial applications, and facilitating the connecting process between the human and machine which may take different faces. The main objective of this research will be building an interactive dialogue management system for spoken dialogue system in an ideal way, By answering the following main question: How can we build an interactive dialogue management system for spoken dialogue system in an ideal way has the ability to accomplish the Naturalness, Usability, Mixed initiative, Co-operativity, Robustness, and Exploration. This research will be a mixed-method research and will adopt a descriptive survey design in collecting information by Survey questionnaires, Interviews to a sample of the target population, and while secondary data will be found from books, journals, and The Internet. The most important conclusion of the research is the spoken dialogue system is to be less complexity and use uncertainty model; this way must be acceptable by the user and the system itself.

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Woynaroski, Tiffany, Paul J. Yoder, Marc E. Fey, and Steven F. Warren. "A Transactional Model of Spoken Vocabulary Variation in Toddlers With Intellectual Disabilities." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 5 (October 2014): 1754–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0252.

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Purpose The authors examined (a) whether dose frequency of milieu communication teaching (MCT) affects children's canonical syllabic communication and (b) whether the relation between early canonical syllabic communication and later spoken vocabulary is mediated by parental linguistic mapping in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). Method The authors drew on extant data from a recent differential treatment intensity study in which 63 toddlers with ID were randomly assigned to receive either five 1-hr MCT sessions per week (i.e., daily treatment) or one 1-hr MCT session per week (i.e., weekly treatment) for 9 months. Children's early canonical syllabic communication was measured after 3 months of treatment, and later spoken vocabulary was measured at posttreatment. Midpoint parental linguistic mapping was measured after 6 months of treatment. Results A moderate-sized effect in favor of daily treatment was observed on canonical syllabic communication. The significant relation between canonical syllabic communication and spoken vocabulary was partially mediated by linguistic mapping. Conclusions These results suggest that canonical syllabic communication may elicit parental linguistic mapping, which may in turn support spoken vocabulary development in children with ID. More frequent early intervention boosted canonical syllabic communication, which may jump-start this transactional language-learning mechanism. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

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Satvindar Singh, Reshminder Kaur, Cecilia Yin Mei Cheong, and Nor Aida Abdul Rahman. "Spoken and Written Communication Needs of Aviation Management Trainees." International Journal on Social and Education Sciences 3, no. 3 (July 17, 2021): 535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.235.

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The need to investigate the communication skills of specific participants usually arises upon demand from the stakeholders, including the employers, passengers, clients and others. The common reasons for stakeholders to consult course developers or language practitioners regarding developing a specific purpose course include poor language proficiency and lack of professional communication skills amongst personnel whose jobs require efficient communication. The needs analysis (NA) method is often used to explore the necessary communication skills at the workplace, including business, medical and aviation. In aviation, the aviation English program content is based on the stakeholders’ communication requirements. Having said that, there are two main objectives of this study. Firstly, this study aims to investigate the importance of English as a medium for communication amongst AVM personnel serving in local and foreign-based companies within Malaysia. Secondly, it aims to determine the spoken and written communication activities that aviation management personnel are frequently involved in the aviation industry. Based on the findings, the NA revealed that the English language is vital in developing professional communication skills among AVM trainees as they require English proficiency for speaking and writing activities.

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Milde, Andrea. "Directing: A Collaborative Artistic Task-Oriented Spoken Communication Process." International Journal of the Arts in Society: Annual Review 1, no. 5 (2007): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/cgp/v01i05/35262.

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Matos, Francisco Gomes de. "How different are we? Spoken Discourse in Intercultural Communication." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 19, no. 2 (2003): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502003000200019.

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Malva, Filipa. "Spoken parts: Processes of communication in designing for theatre." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp.3.2.187_1.

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Sevcik, Rose A., Mary Ann Romski, and Lauren A. Adamson. "Comprehension profiles of toddlers with severe spoken communication impairments." Infant Behavior and Development 21 (April 1998): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(98)91894-x.

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Spooren, Wilbert. "Research watch: Spoken and written, verbal and nonverbal communication." Document Design 4, no. 3 (October 23, 2003): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dd.4.3.08spo.

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Casagrande, Maria, and Paolo Cortini. "Spoken and written dream communication: Differences and methodological aspects." Consciousness and Cognition 17, no. 1 (March 2008): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2007.11.002.

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Asmawati, Nur. "MODEL OF ENGLISH LEARNING BASED ON COLLABORATIVE THEORY TO IMPROVE INDONESIAN’ SPOKEN COMMUNICATION ABILITY." ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal) 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/eternal.v42.2018.a9.

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This study aims at findings whether collaborative method can improve students' spoken communition or not. This study use quasi experimental design with Posttest-Only, Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The sample of this research were student’s of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Palu. The instrument in this research was speaking English test ability. The tests were carried out in five times with different learning themes. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and inference and presented in the form of percentages, frequency, min and statistical analysis in t test comparison (t-test) and Pearson correlation test. The researcher finds distribution of scores for the students’ spoken communication ability posttest is normal and variance-covariance for the dependent variables is homogeneous across the independent variables. The researcher finds a significant difference between the experimental class taught by a learning model of three theories collaboration and controclass taught by conventional learning model. The result of students] spoken communication ability on first test had higher compared second test. Similarly, also with the students’spoken communication abilities between the second tests with the third test, the third test with the fourth test, and the fourth test with the fifth test was very significant. The researcher also finds increased English spoken communication ability in experimental class. Improvement of spoken communication is due to model of learning English based on collaborative theory

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Fay, Nicolas, Mark Ellison, and Simon Garrod. "Iconicity." Diagrammatic Reasoning 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 244–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.22.2.05fay.

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This paper explores the role of iconicity in spoken language and other human communication systems. First, we concentrate on graphical and gestural communication and show how semantically motivated iconic signs play an important role in creating such communication systems from scratch. We then consider how iconic signs tend to become simplified and symbolic as the communication system matures and argue that this process is driven by repeated interactive use of the signs. We then consider evidence for iconicity at the level of the system in graphical communication and finally draw comparisons between iconicity in graphical and gestural communication systems and in spoken language.

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Sallnäs, Eva-Lotta. "Effects of Communication Mode on Social Presence, Virtual Presence, and Performance in Collaborative Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14, no. 4 (August 2005): 434–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474605774785253.

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How does communication mode affect people's experience of social presence, presence, and performance, and how does it affect their actual collaboration in a virtual environment? In a first experiment, subjects communicated by text-chat, audio conference, or video conference in a desktop collaborative virtual environment (CVE). Both perceived social presence and presence were shown to be lower in the text-chat condition than in the audio- and video-conference conditions. People spent a longer time performing a decision-making task together, spoke fewer words in total, and also spoke fewer words per second in the text-chat environment. Finally, more words per second were spoken in the audio-conference than in the video-conference condition. In a second experiment, collaboration in a CVE audio- and a CVE video condition was compared to collaboration in a Web audio-conference and a Web video-conference condition. Results showed that presence was rated higher in the two video than in the two audio conditions and especially in the Web video condition. People spent more time in the video than in the audio conditions and more words per second were spoken in the Web than in the CVE conditions. In conclusion, it was found that both the communication media used and the environment in which collaboration takes place (CVE or Web) make a difference for how subjects experience interaction and for their communication behavior.

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Chai, Xun Yu, and Ganakumaran Subramaniam. "The Use of Communication Strategies in Mobile Asynchronous Chat." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2021040103.

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The 21st century education is to provide students with digital learning experiences alongside creating a path to independent and collaborative learning. In this regard, computer-mediated communication (CMC) is receiving great attention in the field of education. Using a case study mixed methods approach, this paper examines the communication strategies used by postgraduate students, who are also in-service teachers, using the asynchronous WeChat mobile app for academic problem-solving purposes. It also explores their opinions on the practicality of using the oral asynchronous communication programme for problem-solving activities. It is found that the asynchronous spoken medium triggers ‘presentation speech' patterns that reflect both spoken and written features. The problem-solving process in the asynchronous spoken medium also is mediated via a low frequency of the use of communication strategies. The findings shed light on teaching and learning via oral-based asynchronous medium pertaining to the types of tasks and learning objectives to be achieved.

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Mustapić, Emilija, and Frane Malenica. "The Signs of Silence – An Overview of Systems of Sign Languages and Co-Speech Gestures." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.16.1.123-144.

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The paper presents an overview of sign languages and co-speech gestures as two means of communication realised through the visuo-spatial modality. We look at previous research to examine the correlation between spoken and sign language phonology, but also provide an insight into the basic features of co-speech gestures. By analysing these features, we are able to see how these means of communication utilise phases of production (in the case of gestures) or parts of individual signs (in the case of sign languages) to convey or complement the meaning. Recent insights into sign languages as bona fide linguistic systems and co-speech gestures as a system which has no linguistic features but accompanies spoken language have shown that communication does not take place within just a single modality but is rather multimodal. By comparing gestures and sign languages to spoken languages, we are able to trace the transition from systems of communication involving simple form-meaning pairings to fully fledged morphological and syntactic complexities in spoken and sign languages, which gives us a new outlook on the emergence of linguistic phenomena.

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Wahyanti, Caecilia Tri, Ocky Sundari Rahardjo, and Yustina Erti P. Dewi. "CEFR-based Front-desk Staff’s English Skills: A Case in Indonesian Hotels." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0812.13.

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This article analyses the English skills of front-desk staff on the accommodation business, particularly Listening, Spoken Interaction and Spoken Production skills. It is based on a qualitative descriptive research conducted in a medium-sized city in Central Java, Indonesia. The data are collected using self-assessment based on CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference) Can-do statements, and crossed-checked in interviews and focus-group discussions. The research found diverse levels of Listening, Spoken Interaction and Spoken Production skills of front-desk staff, mostly A2 (Waystage Basic User), B1 (Threshold Independent User), and C2 (Mastery Proficient User). Besides, the results show that respondents are split in terms of consistency in perceiving their listening and spoken skills. It is also found that both hotel guests and front-desk staff use mobile translating applications to assist spoken communication, encouraging further studies to explore the role of mobile translating application in promoting the success of communication in accommodation business.

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Dymarski, Przemysław. "Enhancement of Ground-to-Aircraft Communication Using Audio Watermarking." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 29, 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.128418.

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This paper presents research on improving the intelligibility of spoken messages transmitted to aircraft from a ground station. The proposed solution is based on the selective calling (SELCAL) system and the audio watermarking technique. The most important elements of a spoken message (commands, numerical values) are transmitted as a watermark embedded in the speech signal and are displayed to the cockpit crew. The synchronization signal is embedded in SELCAL duo-tones. The proposed system is resistant to resampling and channel noise (at SNR > 25 dB).

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Yoder, Paul J., Steven F. Warren, and Rebecca B. McCathren. "Determining Spoken Language Prognosis in Children With Developmental Disabilities." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 7, no. 4 (November 1998): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0704.77.

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The purpose of this study is to predict which of 58 children (mean age=22 months) with developmental disabilities in the prelinguistic period of development would begin speaking 12 months after initial assessment. None of the children had severe or profound motor impairments. During the initial assessment period, children participated in a structured and unstructured communication sample with a project staff member. Also, at the time they entered the study, a mother-child interaction session was conducted to measure maternal responses to child communication acts, and mothers filled out a vocabulary checklist. Twelve months later, the structured and unstructured language samples were repeated. We labeled children with fewer than 5 different nonimitative spoken words in either communication samples as "prefunctional speakers" and those with 5 or more words in either sample as "functional speakers." The results indicate that functional speakers scored significantly higher than prefunctional speakers on 5 variables measured during the initial assessment period: (a) number of canonical vocal communication acts, b) number of intentional communication acts, c) rate of proto-declaratives, (d) ratio of words produced to those understood on the CDI (i.e., CDI discrepancy ratio), and (e) the number of maternal responses to child communication acts. After statistically controlling for the other significant predictors, only three of these variables continued to predict who would become functional speakers and who would not a year later: (a) number of canonical vocal communication acts, (b) rate of proto-declaratives, and c) CDI discrepancy ratio. These three variables discriminated functional speakers from prefunctional speakers with 83% accuracy.

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Pérez-Sabater, Carmen, Gemma Peña-Martínez, Ed Turney, and Begoña Montero-Fleta. "A Spoken Genre Gets Written." Written Communication 25, no. 2 (April 2008): 235–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088307313174.

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Bar-Aba, Esther Borochovsky. "Inconsistencies in spoken language." Studies in Language 32, no. 2 (April 2, 2008): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.32.2.02bor.

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This paper displays examples of inconsistencies in spontaneous speech. It refers to cases in which the speaker changes his manner of expression while speaking, even though there generally seems to be no objective reason for doing so. I demonstrate the phenomenon in the use of verb tense, of person inflection, of singular/plural form, and of direct/indirect speech. I suggest that these phenomena be viewed as cases in which the speaker tries (not necessarily consciously) to make his speech less monotonous and more attractive to the listener by providing various ways of expression differing mainly in the degree of closeness they convey between the reported event and the addressee.

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Mayes, Patricia. "Quotation in Spoken English." Studies in Language 14, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 325–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.14.2.04may.

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Barasa, Sandra. "Spoken Code-Switching in Written Form? Manifestation of Code-Switching in Computer Mediated Communication." Journal of Language Contact 9, no. 1 (December 10, 2016): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00901003.

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Code-switching (cs) is a common occurrence in spoken language among bilingual and multilingual language speakers. This makes its use a customary practice in Computer Mediated Communication (cmc) genres as used by such speakers. This study examines instances of Code-switching in the Computer Mediated Communication data collected in order to find out whether code-switching in cmc is equivalent to code-switching in spoken language in terms of spontaneity, motivation and discourse functions. The study is based on previous studies in code-switching, for example, Gumperz (1982), and Myers-Scotton (1992). These studies point to the fact that code-switching in spoken language can be “conscious and deliberate” when it is motivated by various factors. The examined cmc data is derived from Kenyan University students and is in form of messages from various cmc genres including sms text messages, e-mail, Instant Messages and Social Network Sites such as Facebook and YouTube. The languages in focus are Swahili, English and vernacular languages which are spoken in Kenya. The findings suggest that although code-switching in cmc is to some extent similar to spoken code-switching in terms of language manifestation and deliberateness, its discourse functions reveal features that are specific to cmc contexts. The study concludes that code-switching in cmc should be viewed and treated as a unique and distinct entity from spoken-code-switching in order to capture its inherent attributes.

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Jin, Yanju. "Design of Students’ Spoken English Pronunciation Training System Based on Computer VB Platform." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 14, no. 06 (March 29, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i06.10154.

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Spoken English communication is most commonly used in the international communication. However, the accuracy of spoken English pronunciation is the key factor to restrict English learners in China. For the current situation that spoken English proficiency is generally low in China, this paper aims to design a spoken English pronunciation training system that will provide guidance and help for English learners’ spoken pronunciation. The Visual Basic platform is used in the design of the system. This paper first conducts an in-depth study on the related theories of voice recognition, discusses the correction algorithm of voice scoring and pronunciation, and puts forward more practical and convenient AP-based scoring method, providing full theoretical support for the design of the system. Then through the function analysis and design of the spoken English pronunciation training system, this paper realizes the system design of scoring and correcting errors of English spoken pronunciation based on the VB platform. The system boasts the basic functions, including English phonetic symbols and word pronunciation to follow, real-time voice evaluation, and pronunciation error correction. According to the test, the similarity of the system with the experts is over 90% in scoring and its efficiency of pronunciation error correction reaches 80%, which plays a certain role in improving spoken English of English learners.

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Smith, Ariel U., and Anne E. Norris. "Parent Communication and Bullying Among Hispanic Adolescent Girls." Journal of School Nursing 36, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840518808013.

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In this article, we report findings regarding parent communication and daughter’s experiences of bullying and victimization in a sample of Hispanic families with seventh-grade daughters. About 57% of daughters reported experiencing any form of victimization and 37% reported engaging in some type of bullying behavior. Overall, the most common type of victimization reported was verbal/emotional bullying (36%). Nearly all parents agreed they had spoken with their daughters about the dangers of bullying perpetration (95%) and how to handle being victimized (96%), but there was no association between the frequency with which parents spoke with their daughters about bullying perpetration and their child’s victimization experiences. Additionally, the gap between parent and child acculturation did not appear to moderate this association. The high incidence of self-reported bullying perpetration and victimization experiences underscores the need for school nurses, parents, and school personnel to address bullying behavior.

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Brownlees, Nicholas. "Spoken Discourse in Early English Newspapers." Media History 11, no. 1-2 (April 2005): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1368880052000342424.

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Harding, Anthony. "Communication in archaeology." European Journal of Archaeology 10, no. 2-3 (2007): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957108095980.

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Communicating archaeology from one person or group to another is beset with problems. The media, the public and students all have different requirements, while the language in which they are addressed – both the spoken language and the intellectual framework or discourse – can act as a disincentive to understanding. Big changes are in store for archaeologists and for other members of the academic community as electronic publication takes over from traditional methods of dissemination such as the printed book. Archaeologists must be prepared for these changes, and should endeavour to put their findings across in a way that interests and stimulates their audience.

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Schiffman, Harold F. "Standardization or restandardization: The case for “Standard” Spoken Tamil." Language in Society 27, no. 3 (June 1998): 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500020017.

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ABSTRACTThe Tamil language has had its current standard written form since the 13th century; but because of increasing diglossia, spoken Tamil dialects have now diverged so radically from earlier norms, including the written standard (LT, or Literary Tamil) that no spoken dialect, regional or social, can function as the koiné or lingua franca. Because LT is never used for authentic informal oral communication between live speakers, there has always been a need for some sort of spoken “standard” koiné for inter-dialect communication. Aside from interpersonal communication, one hears this inter-dialect koiné most clearly in the so-called “social”film, which arose out of its antecedent, the popular or “social” drama. Conversational portions of novels and short stories also exhibit spoken forms, though not always as clearly “phonetic” as a phonetician might expect. The goal of this paper is to examine the concept of “language standardization” as it has been applied to other languages, focusing on the role of literacy and writing in this process; then to present evidence for, as well as the sources of, koinæization of "Standard Spoken Tamil"; and then to determine whether SST is in fact an emergent standard, given the challenges of literacy and writing. (Standardization, Tamil, diglossia, linguae francae, koinés)

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Madeira, Fábio. "Alguns comentários sobre as modalidades de uso da língua-escrita, fala e escrita em tempo real." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 46, no. 1 (August 2, 2011): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v46i1.8637159.

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This paper discusses the language modalities. I will first discuss spoken language – its characteristics and its uses. Next I will comment on written language and in the following section I will discuss the written language produced for synchronous communication through the internet. Besides having presented a new means of communication, the written language produced in real time has presented a new language modality that unites characteristics of both spoken and written language. I will argue that a dichotomy between the two language modalities does not justify and that the differences between spoken and written language are related to the function for which a text is produced.

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Groves, Joanna. "Person-centred Communications: How do People as Patients Want to be Spoken to?" International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v5i4.551.

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Background:The World Health Organization's (WHO) World Health Report of 2008 titled, “Primary Health Care – Now More Than Ever” put renewed emphasis on the values of achieving health for all and putting people at the centre of healthcare (1). In order to do this it is necessary to understand what people expect and want from healthcare and pertinent communications so that health systems can be designed that can respond to patients' needs, wishes and preferences. Objectives:To consider the initiatives which are being taken forward by numerous national and global initiatives to further person-centred healthcare and consideration of the evidence for this approach with particular regard to the role of communication in enabling healthcare to meet people's needs, wishes and preferences. Methods: Review of person-centred healthcare initiatives and evidence for its impact and consideration of principles of person-centred care as they relate to healthcare communications. Results:There is evidence for a person-centred approach to healthcare. There are fundamental principles relating to how communications can impact on patients being empowered to make informed decisions about their healthcare. Patient experiences and outcomes are improved when they have the opportunity for their wishes and preferences to inform shared decision-making in mutually trusting and equal partnerships with health professionals about their health and well being. Conclusions:Person-centred healthcare requires communication which enables respect for people's needs, preferences, dignity, values, autonomy and independence. Empowering patients and health professionals so that they can work in partnership to reach an informed decision on what the patient wants and expects from treatment should be the priority for policy-makers, health professionals and patients. There are some fundamental principles and many tools and initiatives that can support good communication and enable shared decision-making.

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Schultz, T., T. Hueber, D. J. Krusienski, and J. S. Brumberg. "Introduction to the Special Issue on Biosignal-Based Spoken Communication." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 25, no. 12 (December 2017): 2254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2768838.

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KITAMURA, Miho, and Katsumi WATANABE. "Effects of Secondhand Information on Impression Formation in Spoken Communication." International Journal of Affective Engineering 20, no. 3 (2021): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/ijae.tjske-d-20-00077.

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Durand, Douglas, John Weitzel, and Anita Hansen. "Computer Analysis of Sensory Predicate Use in Written and Oral Communication." Psychological Reports 65, no. 2 (October 1989): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.2.675.

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Numerous studies have shown that the predominant activity for white collar work is communication. Much interpersonal communication depends upon nonverbal cues; these are significantly reduced or lost by electronic media (e.g., electronic mail). This study explored a possibility for maintaining interpersonal rapport while using information technology. Using Neurolinguistic Programming concepts, an analysis of written and spoken sensory predicate patterns was conducted. Sensory predicates were detected in both electronic and oral communications. The results hold promise for increased interpersonal rapport by automating the matching of predicates in electronic messages.

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Han, Hyun-Hee, and Han-Nae Yu. "An empirical study of temporal variables and their correlations in spoken and sign language relay interpreting." APTIF 9 - Reality vs. Illusion 66, no. 4-5 (October 16, 2020): 619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00191.yu.

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Abstract This study describes the temporal aspects of relay interpreting by a mixed team of spoken and sign language interpreters in order to identify the characteristics of spoken and sign language relay interpreting and to help spoken language interpreters better understand the difference between the two types. The study quantitatively analyzes five time variables (speaking time, word count, ear-voice-span (EVS), tail-to-tail span (TTS), and pause), and their correlations. The temporal aspects of spoken and relay interpretation in sign language are as follows: (1) sign language interpretation requires more words to transfer the same amount of information as spoken language interpretation; (2) sign language interpreters have a shorter EVS than spoken language interpreters; (3) the simultaneity of spoken and relay sign language interpretation is more affected by TTS than by EVS, because spoken language TTS has a high correlation with speech time and word count in sign language interpretation; 4) sign language interpreters actively use the pauses between sentences of spoken language interpreters for target language (TL) production; 5) sign language interpreters produce more words for a shorter period of time than spoken language interpreters.

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Shlesinger, Miriam, and Noam Ordan. "More spoken or more translated?" Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.24.1.04shl.

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Since the early 1990s, with the advance of computerized corpora, translation scholars have been using corpus-based methodologies to look into the possible existence of overriding patterns (tentatively described as universals or as laws) in translated texts. The application of such methodologies to interpreted texts has been much slower in developing than in the case of translated ones, but significant progress has been made in recent years. After presenting the fundamental methodological hurdles—and advantages—of working on machine-readable (transcribed) oral corpora, we present and discuss several recent studies using cross-modal comparisons, and examine the viability of using interpreted outputs to explore the features that set simultaneous interpreting apart from other forms of translation. We then set out to test the hypothesis that modality may exert a stronger effect than ontology—i.e. that being oral (vs. written) is a more powerful influence than being translated (vs. original).

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Lefevre, Fernando, and Ana Maria Cavalcanti Lefevre. "Discourse of the collective subject: social representations and communication interventions." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 23, no. 2 (June 2014): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072014000000014.

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We present herein the Discourse of the Collective Subject method as a way to retrieve social representations. We sought to reconstitute these social representations through DCS maintaining the link between their individual and collective dimensions. The Discourse of the Collective Subject were obtained through an empirical study and they are herein called speaking and spoken products. They are speaking products because social representations are discursive practices, current behaviors of social agents. They are also spoken products because society (or the others), while socially-shared cognitive schemes, are always present in individual speeches. The social representations reconstructed by Discourse of the Collective Subject allow common people to identify with them, enabling its use in practices of social intervention.

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Corsetti, Renato. "A Mother Tongue Spoken Mainly by Fathers." Language Problems and Language Planning 20, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.20.3.05cor.

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RIASSUNTO Una "lingua madre" parlata principalmente dai padri L'articolo passa in rassegna quello che si conosce sull'esperanto come lingua di uso domestico e come prima lingua. Casi documentati di famiglie che usavano l'esperanto risalgono al 1919. Dagli anni '70 la loro visibilità nel movimento esperantista è aumentata; un ente di coordinamento, Rondo Familia, è stato formato nel 1995. In quasi tutte le circa 350 famiglie attualmente documentate, l'esperanto è parlato ai bambini dal padre. Coppie con una origine etnicolinguistica mista sono solo circa un terzo di tutte le coppie. Le informazioni a disposizione suggeriscono che il "bilinguismo artificiale" praticato dai due terzi rimanenti delle coppie puö avere altrettanto successo del "bilinguismo naturale". Il parallelo linguistico più vicino sembra essere quello delle prime fasi di rinascita dell'ebraico. RESUMO "Patrina lingvo " parolata precipe de patroj La artikolo prezentas superrigardon pri Esperanto kiel familia kaj denaska lingvo. Kazoj de Esperanto-familioj estas dokumentitaj ekde la jaro 1919. Ekde la 70-aj jaroj ili akiras pli da atento en la Esperanto-movado; kunordiga instanco, Rondo Familia, fondigis en 1995. En preskaŭ ĉiu familio el la proksimume 350 aktuale registritaj, temas pri la patro kiu parolas Esperanton al la infanoj. Miksetnaj paroj konsistigas nur trionon de la konataj kazoj. La haveblaj informoj indikas ke la "artefarita dulingveco" pratikata de la ceteraj du trionoj estas same sukcespova kiel la "natura dulingveco". La plej trafa lingvistika komparo sajnas esti la fruaj stadioj de la revivigo de la hebrea lingvo.

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Meredith, Joanne, and Elizabeth Stokoe. "Repair: Comparing Facebook ‘chat’ with spoken interaction." Discourse & Communication 8, no. 2 (December 18, 2013): 181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481313510815.

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Xiao, Yang. "Book review: Rodney H Jones, Spoken Discourse." Discourse & Communication 11, no. 5 (September 17, 2017): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481317719366.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spoken communication'

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