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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spoil'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Ogunmakin, Basil A. "Engineering Properties of Colliery Spoil." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500203.

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2

Thim, Amanda. "Spoil the Story, Spoil It Not : Spoilers’ Effect on Player Choice in Branching Storyline Games." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16008.

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Spoilers are in everyday life often seen as something to be strictly avoided. Nonetheless, earlier studies researching short stories found that spoilers can enhance the enjoyment of a story, rather than destroying it. At the same time, there are studies that have reached opposite results, but the placement and style of the spoiler may affect how it is received. When it comes to games there are no, or only a few, studies on the subject. When unspoiled, players generally choose non-aggressive options, but they are also strongly influenced by what role the character they play has in the narrative. The spoiler can upset this. By knowing what may happen players act differently, as well as thinking about the story in other ways than unspoiled players do.

Artefakten gjordes tillsammans med Siri Åhman som skrev arbetet Wait I'm Him Now - Identification and Choice in Games with More Than One Protagonist. Åhman ändrade dock mycket i artefaktens uppbyggnad för att få den att passa hennes frågeställning bättre.

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3

Davies, Julia Jacqueline. "Vegetation experiments on lime spoil rehabilitation." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268592.

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4

Mahfouz, Milad Mohammed Milad. "Microbial activity associated with industrial-spoil rhizospheres." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421152.

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5

Freewood, Robert John. "Landfill leachate attenuation characteristics of colliery spoil." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390711.

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6

Little, Lauren M. "INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF STRESS, WETTING, AND COMPACTION ON SETTLEMENT POTENTIAL OF MINE SPOILS." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/525.

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Strip mining in Kentucky has left large areas of land that could potentially be used for business and housing developments. However, the mine spoils underlying these areas are prone to severe differential settlement due to a variety of factors. Mine spoil from the Gateway Business Park in Jenkins, Kentucky was used for a series of laboratory tests to develop relationships between shear wave velocity, confining stress, compaction energy, and dry unit weight to develop a method to assess settlement potential. It was found that a stress-corrected shear wave velocity of greater than 275 ft/s/psi0.25 typically indicated dry mine spoil, and less than 275 ft/s/psi0.25 typically indicated wet mine spoil. Equations were developed to predict the amount of settlement of a mine spoil profile based on the load, the mine spoil lithology, and the shear wave velocity of the mine spoil. With regards to compaction, it was found that if the mine spoil was compacted to at least 120 pcf (18.8 kN/m3), or a void ratio of 0.45 or less, the mine spoil would suffer little to no volume change when wetted. The results provided herein form the basis of a methodology for screening mine spoil sites for development based on settlement potential.
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7

Menzies, Gordon Douglas. "Currency and financial crises : dividing the (negative) spoil." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:11c59ab0-52ae-41b0-9bfd-7bf188d12bfb.

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Following the 1997 Asian Crisis, a number of economies have been burdened with so-called Twin Crises, facing both vulnerable exchange rates and a distressed financial sector. The three papers in this thesis examine the resolution of a twin crisis in one such country - Indonesia. In debt overhang and exchange rate collapse, I adopt the simplest representation of the economy and the Asian crisis. The model is a modified Hecksher-Ohlin framework with labour as the sole domestic factor. The crisis is triggered by a terms of trade shock. The analysis implies that workers have already suffered a wealth loss in the form of a wage cut. If they are inclined to pay all the overhang, they will take another cut - a large one - due to the so-called overhang multiplier. In Indonesian cronies' tardy crisis resolution skills, both the underlying model and the description of the crisis are made more realistic. The model has another domestic factor added to allow for the existence of domestic capitalists. The crisis is triggered by two additional factors; a loss of confidence by foreign investors and an end to a domestic subsidy on foreign capital. Until agreement is reached on the overhang, the economy suffers so-called corporate decay. I introduce the cronies, and show that it may be optimal for them to stall agreement, even if there is perfect information. Contrary to conventional wisdom, bankruptcy reforms do not necessarily hasten agreement, though they do improve the payoffs to the international creditors. In debt forgiveness, I examine the pessimistic scenario that Indonesia becomes like a Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC), so that all the issues related to debt forgiveness become relevant. I improve a contract arising from a workhorse model of debt forgiveness, showing a better way to provide reform incentives for countries heavily in debt.
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8

Clark, Elyse Virginia. "Hydrologic and hydrochemical processes on mine spoil fills." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77528.

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Appalachian surface coal mining operations fracture rocks (termed mine spoils), resulting in the weathering of minerals and release of water-soluble ions to streams. Collectively, the concentration of water-soluble ions in streams is called total dissolved solids (TDS) and streams with elevated TDS often have altered biota. The surficial, subsurface, and discharge properties of mine spoils influence TDS discharge concentrations. This study aimed to improve understanding of how hydrologic and hydrochemical processes occur and function in coal mining areas. These processes were characterized by infiltration and dye staining tests, mine spoil leaching experiments and modeling, and mining-influenced stream discharge monitoring. Results indicate that many factors influence hydrologic and hydrochemical processes in Appalachian coal mining areas, but these processes evolve over time as subsurface flow paths develop, mine rocks weather, and TDS is released from mine spoils. Fourteen years after placement, mean infiltration rates of mine soils reclaimed with trees were statistically greater than areas reclaimed with grasses, and different subsurface flow types were evident, indicating vegetation type influenced hydrologic processes. Specific conductance (SC) leaching patterns from mine spoils conformed to an exponential decay and linear segmented regression model. Maximum SC values (1108 ± 161 µS cm⁻¹) occurred initially during leaching, exponentially decayed, then exhibited linear SC releases (276 ± 25 µS cm⁻¹) that were elevated relative to natural background levels at the end of leaching. Major element (S, Ca, Mg, K, Na) leaching patterns resembled those of SC, whereas trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se) transitioned to linear release earlier in the leaching period. Mining-influenced stream SC discharge patterns varied by season and by precipitation amounts during storm events. Storm responses were characterized by either infiltration-excess overland flow or delayed SC releases due to internal flow through the VF. Given these results, mining companies wishing to control TDS discharges may be selective and pre-test mine spoils for total S and paste SC to determine TDS-generation potential. Isolation of spoils with high-TDS release potentials (i.e. unweathered sandstones and mudstones) from water-rock contact may help improve TDS discharges.
Ph. D.
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9

Jung, Myung Chae. "Heavy metal contamination of soils, plants, waters and sediments in the vicinity of metalliferous mines in Korea." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481221.

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10

Billing, Susan Judith. "Chloride variation in surface layers of colliery spoil heaps." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6851/.

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An investigation of chloride Ion levels In coarse colliery discards was undertaken because modem British Coal practice is to restore discard tips and lagoon embankments at an early stage in construction, commonly before much leaching has taken place. High chloride ion concentrations result in physiological drought and the failure of vegetation cover. Sites at two collieries were studied using grid and traverse (depth) sampling procedures. Results Indicate downward leaching of chloride ions into the embankment during Winter months and an increase in chloride levels towards the surface of the discard during dry, summer months. Salt hotspots occur on embankment surfaces during Summer months. These high chloride/sulphate concentrations represent the desiccation of seepages, most of which are related to embankment construction inadequacies, rather than to lagoons incorporated into the structure. Chlorides within the discard originate from formation waters intimately associated with Coal Measures sequences. In the eastern coalfields in particular, high chloride ion concentrations in the coal and waste rock from deep underground excavations are not removed by the coal washing processes. Consequently, they are retained in fresh colliery discards. Seasonal movements of chloride ions are associated with an increase In (negative) suction pressures within the near-surface layers of a colliery embankment. Suction pressures were monitored experimentally in two experimental tips and in the field at a third colliery site (Bilsthorpe Colliery). On an annual basis, suction pressures become operative early in April, reversing to residual negative or small positive pore pressures in mid-September. The leaching of chlorides from discard embankments is a function of the drainage characteristics of the materials and in clayey discards leaching to low levels is shown to take 5 to 7 years. Hotspots do not decrease significantly. The results of the present investigation can be applied to current embankment restoration schemes. In particular, the sowing of an embankment during the Autumn window, when electrolytes move downwards into the structure, would enable young vegetation to become established before being subjected to the higher Summer chloride concentrations. Hotspots require individual field drainage treatment.
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11

Bultitude, J. M. "The survival of seeds and seedlings on colliery spoil." Thesis, University of York, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373312.

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12

Shoger, Bradley Neal. "Wildlife use of spoil islands in Lake Tohopekaliga, Florida." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041300.

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13

Ander, Elizabeth Louise. "Geochemistry of mine and spoil drainage in the Durham Coalfield." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7528.

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14

Langdon, Caroline Juliet. "Relationships between lumbricid earthworms and arsenic-rich mine spoil wastes." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274279.

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15

Mostofa, Md Golam. "Base material characterisation of spoil piles at BMA coal mines." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90717/4/Md_Golam_Mostofa_Thesis.pdf.

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This project was an initiation to investigate slaking induced properties detrition of spoil pile materials with overburden pressure and time. The changes in the material properties over time are important parameters that control the behaviour and performance of the piles. The time dependent mechanical and hydraulic properties reported together with mineralogical changes. One chamber designed to apply slaking in the laboratory and geotechnical investigation conducted to fulfil the objective of this project.
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16

Schoenholtz, Stephen Hanley. "Restoration of nitrogen and carbon cycling in an Appalachian mine spoil /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135352/.

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17

Lister, James Edward. "The behaviour of plant nutrients in colliery spoil of Central Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335480.

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18

Schoenholtz, Stephen H. "Restoration of nitrogen and carbon cycling in an Appalachian mine spoil." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28437.

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Nitrogen deficiencies have long been acknowledged as a factor limiting the restoration of ecosystems destroyed by surface mining in the Appalachian Region of the U.S. The fundamental ecological structure and function common to intact terrestrial ecosystems are largely lacking in mine soils. Reliable guidelines for effective long-term restoration require a detailed understanding of the ecological processes occurring within the mine-soil system. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which inorganic N fertilization, native topsoil replacement, or whole-tree wood-chip amendment affected the restoration and reforestation of an Appalachian mine-soil system through changes in C and ~ dynamics. Eighteen concrete tank lysimeters filled with mine spoils served as experimental microcosms to test hypotheses set forth in this study. Treatment effects on soil N and C pools, herbaceous biomass production, N uptake, N fluxes between pools, net leachate N losses, and early growth of pitch x loblolly hybrid pines were evaluated at regular intervals between July 1987 and October 1989. Inorganic N fertilization increased aboveground herbaceous biomass yield and N uptake by 87 and 71%, respectively, during the first growing season, but did not significantly affect yield or N uptake thereafter. During the first growing season, biomass production was 38% higher in the topsoil-amended mine soil than the unamended control. This resulted in an additional 17.4 kg N ha-1 sequestered in comparison to the control. Biomass yield was 270 and 19% lower in the wood-chip-amended mine soil than the unamended control after the first and third growing seasons, respectively. This resulted in 63 and 25% less N uptake, respectively, than the control. Survival of pitch x loblolly pine after two growing seasons was 90% in the N-fertilized mine soil and 71% with the fertilizer control treatment. This difference in survival was the result of lower water potential in the unamended mine soil during the growing season in which the trees were planted. Nitrogen fertilization did not significantly affect tree growth or nutrition. Pine survival after two growing seasons was 83, 98, and 60% for the unamended control, wood-chip, and topsoil treatments, respectively. By the end of the second growing season, the wood-chip treatment also resulted in greater tree height, ground-line diameter, and stem-volume index by 30, 49, and 203% respectively, when compared to the control. Increased survival and growth in the wood-chip-amended mine soil were directly related to higher soil water potential than the control or topsoil treatments. Total inorganic N leaching loss from N-fertilized mine soil was 47.64 kg ha-1 yr-1 higher than the control during the first growing season. However, N fertilization losses were not significantly higher during the remainder of the study period. Drainage was significantly higher during all three growing seasons in the wood-chip-amended mine soil. This resulted in lower N sequestering during the third growing season when precipitation was most abundant. Topsoil amendment did not significantly affect N leaching losses. Inorganic N fertilization did not significantly affect total organic C, total N, or N availability indices in the mine soil. Following topsoil addition, mine-soil total N was 294% higher than the unamended control. Wood-chip effects on the soil organic-matter pool were more gradual; however, by the end of the study, total N and total organic C were 18 and 95% higher, respectively in the wood-chip-amended mine soil than in the unamended control. Aerobic incubation of soil samples collected near the end of the second growing season showed that the topsoil and wood-chip amendments increased the N mineralization potential by 101 and 55%, respectively, in comparison to the unamended control. Furthermore, the mineralization rate constant of the wood-chip-amended mine soil was 44% lower than the control. This shows a slower rate of N turnover and more stable mine-soil N pool with the wood-chip treatment. This study shows that inorganic N fertilizer effects on N and C dynamics were rapid but transient. In contrast, the surface-applied amendments of native topsoil and whole-tree wood chips improved the potential for successful restoration of forests by increasing the N cycling capacity of the developing mine-soil system.
Ph. D.
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19

Kolli, Shiva Prasad B. "Analyses of coal extraction and spoil handling techniques in mountainous areas." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1971.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 64 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
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20

Bailey, Danielle L. H. "Properties of soil profiles over sodic mine spoil 16 years after construction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60410.pdf.

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21

Morrison, Michelle Iris. "Passive treatment of a net acidic colliery spoil leachate : a biogeochemical perspective." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420065.

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22

Hammond, Lisa Karen Florence. "Soil development and ecosystem functioning on reclaimed and naturally colonised colliery spoil." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366646.

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23

Hood, Rebecca Clare. "Nitrogen fixation and turnover in an Alnus glutinosa-opencast-coal-spoil system." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359544.

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24

Pichtel, John Robert. "Influence of complex organic amendments on the oxidation of Pyritic mine spoil /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487329662145604.

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25

Daly, Matthew H. "Hydrogeochemical response of acid-producing mine spoil aquifer to induced alkaline recharge." [Morgantown, W. Va. : West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=180.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1998.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 137 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-124).
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26

Vosolo, David A. "Investigation on geotechnical engineering properties of coal mine spoil subjected to slaking." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/109789/1/David_Vosolo_Thesis.pdf.

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This research project has led to the development of a new approach to assess the saturated and unsaturated properties of soil material subjected to slaking. Constant saturation along with overburden pressure resulted in a larger vertical deformation ofInvestigation on geotechnical engineering properties of coal mine spoil subjected to slaking the slaking chambers; which is indicative of slaking, these results indicate that material slaking was occurring due to saturation and overburden pressure. This will have a substantial benefit to the mining operations with distinctive interest associated to safety of the mine spoil slopes, limiting failures to protect workers, equipment, and operational costs.
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27

Barajas-Aceves, Martha. "Soil microbial biomass and organic matter dynamics in metal-contaminated soils." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260604.

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28

Nash, Whitney Laine. "Long-Term Effects of Rock Type, Weathering and Amendments on Southwest Virginia Mine Soils." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42657.

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This study measured the effects of spoil type and amendments on Appalachian mine soil properties over time. The Controlled Overburden Placement Experiment was installed in 1982 in two parts, the Rock Mix (RM) Experiment compares mixes of sandstone (SS) and siltstone (SiS) spoils while the Surface Amendment (SA) Experiment compares a fertilized control (CON), sawdust (SD at 112 Mg ha-1), topsoil (TSâ 15 cm), and biosolids (BS) at 22, 56, 112 & 224 Mg ha-1. Both experiments were sampled in 2008 and compared with historical data. After 26 years, all RM treatments had higher silt+clay and decreased sand. Mine soil pH and electrical conductance (EC) were lower in high SS spoils and overall pH was lower and EC higher in surface layers. Fe-oxides increased over time and adversely affected extractable P. Exchangeable cations and total N increased in all treatments. Annual C-sequestration rates were 0.51 Mg ha-1 for 1:1 SS:SiS and 0.32 Mg ha-1 for SiS. In the SA experiment, extractable P and exchangeable cations increased over time in organically amended plots. The CON and TS sequestered C at 0.54 Mg ha-1 and 0.87 Mg ha-1 annually while higher BS and SD treatments lost C, but mobilized significant C into their subsoils. In the SA, an apparent C retention maximum of 30-35 Mg ha-1 was noted. Overall, rock type and amendment effects were still evident after 26 years and the long-term benefits of organic amendments were reflected in sustained higher C, exchangeable cations, total N and P levels.
Master of Science
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29

Turney, Douglas C. "Hydrologic investigation of coal mine spoil near Howard Williams Lake, Perry County, Ohio." Ohio : Ohio University, 1996. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177703503.

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30

Metcalfe, Barbara. "The use of consolidated sewage sludges as soil substitutes in colliery spoil reclamation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385279.

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31

Norton, Esther. "The permeability of a compacted colliery spoil for use as a landfill liner." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284356.

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32

Wymer, Michael John. "Suitability of compacted colliery spoil as a landfill liner material : laboratory permeability study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310702.

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33

Fromson, Hadassah. "Does religion spoil your sex life? : exploring sexual satisfaction in the Jewish community." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20992/.

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This thesis aimed to explore whether religion, sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes impact sexual satisfaction amongst Orthodox Jews. This thesis intended to address weaknesses of previous research by using robust multidimensional measures of religion and sexuality and focusing on a specific religious group. 515 participants completed measures circulated through an online survey. The measures used were: The New Sexual Satisfaction Scale; Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS); threes subscales of the Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (Permissiveness, Communion and Instrumentality); and a new measure, the Brief Sexual Knowledge scale, developed for this study. Participants were also presented with optional open-ended questions that asked about their sexual expectations and sexual education. Religious level was categorised using self-defined groups for Religious Culture; Ultra-Orthodox, Modern-Orthodox and Non-Orthodox groups as well as CRS categories for Religious Practice; Highly Religious, Religious, Not Religious. The findings show significant differences in the sexual satisfaction between Religious Practice groups but not Religious Culture groups. Significant differences in sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes were found for both types of religious variables. A correlation analysis revealed that sexual satisfaction is positively correlated with CRS and Communion scores whilst negatively correlated with Sexual Knowledge, Permissiveness and Instrumentality scores. Communion and Sexual Knowledge were significant predictors of sexual satisfaction in a multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study enhance theoretical understanding of religion and sexuality and address gaps in the literature. Clinical implications for therapists working with Orthodox Jewish clients suffering from sexual dissatisfaction are discussed.
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34

Weatherford, Mary Katherine. "Storm Hydrograph Characteristics and Curve Numbers of Loose-Dumped Spoil in Eastern Kentucky." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/24.

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Traditional mine reclamation often results in highly compacted lands which prohibit tree growth and survival, reduce infiltration rates, and increase runoff. In 2005, six 0.4 ha plots were constructed on the Bent Mountain surface mine in eastern KY by the University of Kentucky in accordance with Forestry Reclamation Approach’s low compaction guidelines. The plots consisted of two replications each of (1) brown weathered sandstone (BROWN), (2) gray unweathered sandstone (GRAY), (3) and a combination of both sandstones and shales (MIXED). The goal of this project was to assess the hydrologic performance on a storm event basis (monitoring years 2012-2013) of the plots. It was hypothesized that the increase in tree growth on the plots, especially in BROWN,would result in storm-based hydrological changes since plot construction. Results showed that no significant differences were found between the 2005-2006 and 2012-2013 monitoring periods for the storm parameters of discharge volume,discharge duration, and curve number. A significant increase was noted for peak discharge, lag time, and response time. No significant differences were found between spoil types in spite of the difference in vegetative cover. Results suggest that placement of spoil has the greatest influence over storm hydrology at this point in time.
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35

Rogner, Sam. "Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth? : Burden Sharing and Effectiveness in Peacekeeping Operations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353715.

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This paper examines the effect of burden sharing in peacekeeping operations (both among contingent troops and in the entirety of the mission) and effectiveness, specifically whether a party chooses to renege on a peace agreement. The author hypothesizes that burden sharing will make it less likely that a party reneges on a peace agreement. The theoretical argument made in the paper is that burden sharing will help in solving the commitment problem inherent to peace agreements, by signaling to the combatants that the peacekeeping mission is there to stay (and won’t be vulnerable to a potential withdrawal from an important contributor), as well as signaling that there is international support for punishing measures against a party who would renege on the agreement. The paper examines all peacekeeping missions that deployed following a peace agreement between 1992-2016 using data on peacekeeping contributions from the United Nations. The hypotheses will however not be supported by the empirics. In fact there is limited evidence for burden sharing among contingent troops to increase the likelihood that a party chooses to renege on a peace agreement, while burden sharing among all personnel (military and civilian) have no effect on the matter.
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Smart, Kyle E. "Exploring Physical and Chemical Trends in a Chronosequence of Technosols." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1626086766577196.

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37

Ziegert, Jonathan Christian. "Does more than one cook spoil the broth? an examination of shared team leadership /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2718.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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38

Hajar, Abdulrahman Said Muhammad. "The comparative ecology of Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern and Thlaspi alpestre L. in the southern pennines, with special reference to heavy metal tolerance." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1829/.

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Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern and Thiaspi alpestre L. are recognized as relict elements of a preglacial montane flora in the British Isles and, as such, display a markedly disjunct distribution pattern. Their present-day distribution shows a close association with metalliferous mine workings, particularly in the Pennines, where both species have become prominent components of the flora of calcareous lead mine wastes. By comparison with M. verna, T. alpestre is more restricted in its distribution and is a rarer species. The work reported in this thesis attempted to provide an explanation for this pattern of distribution in the southern Pennines on the basis of comparative studies of the autecology and genecology of the species, their population biology and dynamics in the field and their responses to competition from other species. Both field and laboratory studies confirmed that the two species were highly tolerant of the heavy metals lead, zinc and cadmium. Short- and long-term solution culture experiments on tolerance and uptake of these heavy metals by a range of populations of both species are reported. Tolerance to other toxic metals was also investigated. T. alpestre showed superior tolerance to M. verna in these experiments, and emerged as a metal-accumulating species. M. verna by contrast, operated some degree of metal exclusion, but metal uptake and distribution differed for the various metals in both species and seasonally. Differences in metal tolerance and uptake characteristics alone could not explain the different local distribution patterns in the field, as sites of similar metal status are colonized by both the two species together and by M. verna alone. A study of inter-population variation in morphological characters showed considerable genetically-based variation in both species. M. verna was however more variable. Some of the variation detected was interpreted as being ecotypic in origin. The contrasting breeding of the two species and their seed biology are considered to be major factors in explaining the present-day distributions of the two species. The tendency for inbreeding in T. alpestre has severely limited its genetic variability within populations and potential for spread. Seedling mortality of both species in their natural habitats is very high, and survival can be related to early shelter effects of neighbouring plants. Both species, however, emerge as weak competitors as predicted from their preference for open habitats with much more bare ground. The relevance of these studies to the interpretation of the present-day global distribution of the two species and their evolutionary biology is discussed.
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39

Hoe, Tian Hee. "The prediction via a mathematical model of the "primary" self-weight consolidation curve of silt particles during zone settling." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2001. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11152001-103032.

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Croft, Alex. "The effects of thin layer dredge material disposal on tidal marsh processes, Masonboro Island, NC /." Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/crofta/alexcroft.html.

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41

Hedborg, Bengtsson Susanna. "Construction client collaboration for inter-organizational innovation : do too many cooks really spoil the broth?" Licentiate thesis, KTH, Projektkommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-227318.

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Our built environment has the power to influence where we live and work, how we transport ourselves, how and what we consume and many other behaviors in our everyday lives, in other words, it has a significant impact on our global environment and economy. Given the notable need for more sustainable development of both the global environment and economy, sustainability has become a critical factor also in the area of urban development. With this as a backdrop, the construction industry and its many actors, such as clients, contractors and suppliers, that collectively drive urban development, play a significant role in creating sustainable development. Innovation is a cornerstone to achieve development, so also in the construction industry. However, with its many interrelated organizations, projects and actors, innovation inevitably becomes inter-organizational. From an urban development perspective, inter-organizational innovation will happen in a multi-project context where several construction projects, led and executed by different actors from different organizations, become interdependent and are therefore required to collaborate. In any construction project, the client holds a key position and has been identified as a critical supporter for successful innovation and collaboration. On the back of these dynamics, the purpose of this licentiate thesis is to explore clients’ role in a multi-project context where inter-organizational innovation is initiated to drive sustainable urban development. From a contingency perspective, the purpose of this study has been explored through a multiple-case study where coordinated construction logistics, during the study, has been identified as inter-organizational innovation. The study has shown that coordinated construction logistics, developed for a multi-project context, must be developed and implemented differently than in a single project or organization. In other words, coordinated construction logistics can take the form of different types of construction innovation. The construction clients, in this thesis the building developers, are identified as being important to support innovation and collaboration within and between parallel and sequential projects. The study has also shown that different clients behave differently when inter-organizational innovation is present; whilst some are proactive to achieve development, others are hesitant and less supportive for change. The findings suggest that long-term committed clients take a more proactive stand for innovation, for example, by including innovation in their procurement strategies and reflecting on how to best implement it in their projects. Additionally, in a multi-project context, the collaboration between clients is found to be important in order to successfully implement innovation, for example to align procurement strategies with the next-door neighbors and to create opportunities to communicate with each other. A theoretical contribution from this thesis is that coordinated construction logistics, which is often seen from a supply-chain management perspective, could be considered as inter-organizational innovation. This conclusion expands the understanding of the empirical phenomenon and its context. Furthermore, adding to the on-going discussion on clients as innovation supporters, their role as a potential innovation supporter is established in a multi-project perspective, but where differences between different types of clients must be taken into account. The multi-project context also implies an increased need for client collaboration, which is often informal, why the clients themselves need to handle all the aspects of collaboration. Tentative findings indicate that in this context time, spatiality, innovation and requirements will affect this collaboration. From a practical side, the findings show that initiating and implementing inter-organizational innovation requires understanding of the context, such as project objectives and the system. For clients and governments active in urban development, the thesis can guide the understanding of the importance of collaboration and choosing procurement strategy for inter-organizational innovation.

QC 20180508

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Frederick, Hannah E. "A GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF WEATHERING PROCESSES AND METAL UPTAKE BY VEGETATION IN COAL MINE SPOIL." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1494443548705579.

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43

Gizikoff, Katherine Gould. "Spoil management and revegetation success on waste rock dumps at a southern interior B.C. copper mine." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29031.

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The primary aim of this study was to investigate vegetation production and soil management factors influencing forage establishment on the waste rock dumps at a Southern Interior B.C. copper mine. Total plant cover on the waste rock dumps ranged from less than 5 to greater than 80 percent. Vegetation and spoil from the major reclaimed sites were analyzed to determine possible causes for the differences in plant cover. Test case areas, which varied in production, topography, and treatment, were then selected for an investigation into the relationships between spoil and vegetation variables. Waste rock and overburden glacial till materials were generally low in N, P, and Mg. Spoil N and K levels varied throughout each reclaimed site, likely as a result of fertilizer placement. Significant positive relationships were found between spoil N and grass cover and spoil K and both grass and legume cover. P levels in legumes from most fertilized sites were still in a deficiency range. A negative relationship between coarse fragment content and legume cover was observed. High coarse fragment content, accompanied with low water holding capacity and dry climatic conditions, suggests that moisture deficiencies are likely a critical problem for revegetation success, particularly on the lower portions of the slope faces. High bulk density values on the flat terraces indicated that compaction could be impeding root growth. Multivariate cluster analysis, based on total percent plant cover and percent composition legumes, was used to categorize all study sites into four vegetation production groups: low cover, grass cover, mixed grass and legume cover, and high production legume dominated cover. Spoil characteristics that differentiated between groups were: N, P, K, Mg, pH, coarse fragment content, and bulk density. This classification system will assist in identifying the management requirements of each vegetation type, such as: level and type of fertilization, overburden capping to reduce coarse fragment content, and scarification. Multiple regression analysis was used to generate equations for predicting biomass production from spoil N, P, K, Mg, pH, and coarse fragment content. Reclamation costs were estimated and it was demonstrated that grass cover and mixed grass and legume cover types were the most desirable. Although costs per hectare were lowest for the low cover type, efficiency of reclamation dollars (dollars invested per tonne forage produced) was also lowest for this type. Establishment of a legume dominated cover type may not be desirable due to forage quality considerations: Cu:Mo ratios in legume foliage averaged less than the recommended 2:1 for cattle grazing.
Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
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Jarvis, Adam P. "Design, construction and performance of passive systems for the treatment of mine and spoil heap drainage." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/428.

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Passive treatment systems for mine water pollution remediation require no chemical or energy inputs, and should only incur limited maintenance costs if properly constructed. This thesis investigates two such passive treatment systems that have been installed at sites in County Durham, UK. The overall objectives of the investigation were to improve understanding of the operation of passive systems in order to produce more accurate design guidelines, and to develop a new passive treatment option to complement existing technologies. To put the research into context the causes, impacts and extent of mine water pollution in the UK and overseas are outlined. In addition a detailed and up-to-date review of passive treatment research and development is provided, which highlights areas in which further research is required. At Quaking Houses, County Durham, a full-scale compost wetland has been constructed to treat an acidic and metal-rich discharge from the spoil heap of an abandoned coal mine. Over the 27 month study period the discharge had pH >_ 4, and mean iron, manganese and aluminium concentrations of 5.4 mg/L, 3.6 mg/L and 6.2 mg/L respectively. The unique design and construction of the 440 m2 wetland is described. An examination of the performance of the wetland illustrates that it has yielded significant improvements in water quality since its construction. Mean reductions in acidity, iron and aluminium concentrations are all around 50%. Bacterial sulphate reduction may be an important contaminant removal mechanism, but its proportional significance is unclear. Comparison of the system at Quaking Houses with other wetlands reveals that the mean reduction in acidity in terms of mass removal per unit area (5.01 g/m2/d) is comparatively low. However, it is shown that comparing wetland performance on this basis may be misleading where influent contaminant concentrations are relatively low, because contaminant removal is demonstrably influent concentrationdependent. A first-order removal assessment method of performance may be more appropriate, and on this basis the Quaking Houses wetland performs well when compared to systems in the USA. An algorithm for predicting wetland effluent iron concentrations is derived using a linear multiple regression technique. Time series analysis strongly suggests that some effluent water quality variables (and therefore wetland performance measures) are significantly affected by seasonal climate changes. In particular aluminium and acidity removal rates rise with increasing air temperature. This implies that to meet the same effluent water quality targets passive treatment systems in cold climate locations may need to be larger than equivalent systems in warmer climates. At Kimblesworth, also in County Durham, a pilot-scale passive treatment system has been operated for 4 months. The Kimblesworth discharge is a net-alkaline pumped mine water containing up to 2 mg/L iron and up to 1 mg/L manganese. The novel system at this site was designed to rapidly remove iron by oxidation and accretion of iron to high surface area media. The monitoring programme has revealed the system to be very efficient. Iron concentrations are consistently reduced to < 0.5 mg/L, and removal rates are an order of magnitude greater than in wetland systems. Furthermore, lithium tracer tests reveal that the residence time of water in the reactors is just 5- 10 minutes. The results of this research suggest that the technology could be applied at full-scale. The compost wetland at Quaking Houses and the new reactor at Kimblesworth may well complement each other. The Quaking Houses system generates alkalinity and removes metal contaminants, but effluent water still contains marginally elevated concentrations of iron (mean 2.4 mg/L). The Kimblesworth system is shown to be very effective at rapidly removing low concentrations of iron, and thus could conceivably be used as a polishing unit following a compost wetland such as that at Quaking Houses. Alternatively high surface area media reactors such as those at Kimblesworth could be used to treat discharges in topographically difficult locations, where the installation of a wetland is not feasible.
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Fee, David James. "Enhancing woodland plant communities on colliery spoil : an examination of the potential opportunities for nature conservation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321163.

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Thompson, Jill. "Population biology of Anthoxanthum odoratum, Plantago lanceolata and Rumex acetosa on zinc and lead mine spoil." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329462.

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Runguphan, Theerawat. "Investigation on the use of burnt colliery spoil as aggregate in low to normal strength concrete." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609568.

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48

Wood, Daniel L. "Lime Treatment of Coal Mine Spoil Impacted Soils in the Huff Run Watershed of Northeast Ohio." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532101439596856.

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49

Petrovsky, Nicolai. "Does Natural Resource Wealth Spoil and Corrupt Governments? A New Test of the Resource Curse Thesis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4582/.

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Countries with rich natural resource endowments suffer from lower economic growth and various other ills. This work tests whether the resource curse also extends to the quality of regulation and the level of corruption. A theoretical framework is developed that informs the specification of interactive random effects models. A cross-national panel data set is used to estimate these models. Due to multicollinearity, only an effect of metals and ores exports on corruption can be discerned. Marginal effects computations show that whether nature corrupts or not crucially depends on a country's institutions. A broad tax base and high levels of education appear to serve as inoculations for countries against the side-effects of mineral wealth.
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Paavo, Brian Lee, and n/a. "Soft-sediment benthos of Aramoana and Blueskin Bay (Otago, New Zealand) and effects of dredge-spoil disposal." University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070928.161657.

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Studies were conducted to broadly describe and understand the sediment benthos of a shallow-water coastal area (Aramoana Beach - Heyward Point - Blueskin Bay) near the entrance to Otago Harbour, a system largely representative for southeastern New Zealand. Benthic assemblages were examined in relation to gradients of wave exposure and disturbance, sediment type and bathymetry, and dredge-spoil disposal. Sediment and macrofaunal surveys in autumn and spring 2003 found little change in sediment texture gradients from historical studies and a lack of vertical stratification. Macrobenthic samples from spring produced significantly higher abundances of three numerically dominant phyla (Arthropoda, Annelida, and Mollusca) and higher taxon richness compared to autumn. Within water depths of 6-30 m, abundance, richness, and diversity increased with depth. Multivariate analyses identified similar assemblages among deeper sites, despite sediment textural differences, whereas distinct assemblages were found in the shallow portions of the three areas. Meiofaunal abundance patterns did not reflect those of macrofauna, possibly indicating greater vertical penetration of sediments in these hydrodynamic environments. Several new kinorhynch taxa were found. In a field manipulation, part of the Aramoana dredge-spoil dumpground was protected from spoil disposal for an extended period followed by experimental dumping of sandy and muddy spoil. Macrofaunal samples were collected before dumping and at nine sites < 119 d after disposal. Water velocities at the sediment-water interface were compared to a local sediment disturbance model. Dumpground samples were depauperate in individuals and taxa compared to an area protected from dumping for > 180 d. A drop in abundance and a dissimilar community coincided with muddy spoil, but fine sediments were dispersed within 26 d and macrofaunal assemblages recovered to the pre-existing state. Sandy spoil, while not altering native sediment textures, had a more prolonged impact due to transplantation of macrofauna from the dredged area that persisted for < 41 d after disposal. Side-scan sonar mapping indicated that the disposal footprint model used approximated the extent of sandy spoil impacts well, while local conditions spread muddy sediments beyond the initial impact site. A novel sediment profile imaging device was constructed that has many advantages over existing devices for spoil mound studies and habitat mapping: it is smaller, can be manually deployed from small boats, is cheaper, and can be modified to work in almost any soft sediment. Studies of one dominant taxon, the gastropod Zethalia zelandica, showed it was better able to survive sand burial than mud burial, did not vary in overall activity through a range of 5-14� C, and contributed a large proportion of biomass of its community. The spoil disposal strategy used does not appear as environmentally neutral as originally thought. Only muds are effectively dispersed whereas coarser sediments accumulate, affecting physical and biological benthic processes of a wider area. Two mitigation strategies were evaluated using a heuristic model. Reducing the disposal area and spreading mud disposal events over a longer time span may be an effective interim strategy. Overall, the studies will help guide management of the area.
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