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1
Oba, K. M., O. O. Ugwu, and F. O. Okafor. "Predicting the split tensile strength of Saw Dust Ash - Fine aggregate concrete." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i1.9.
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The industrial waste, Saw Dust Ash (SDA), has played a key role in concrete mix research. It has served as an alternative or complementary material to some of the traditional materials of concrete. In this study, SDA was used to replace 5% of the fine aggregate (sand), as the other three ingredients, cement, granite, and water remained constant. Scheffe’s simplex lattice was used for five mix ratios in a {5,2} component mix, which resulted in additional ten mix ratios. Additional fifteen mix ratios were generated for verification and testing. The thirty concrete mix ratios were subjected to laboratory experiments to determine the 28 days Split Tensile Strengths. The results of the first fifteen Split Tensile strengths were used for the calibration of the model constant coefficients using Scheffe’s simplex approach, while those from the second fifteen were used for the model verification. A mathematical regression model was derived from the experimental results, with which the Split Tensile Strengths were predicted. The derived model was subjected to a two-tailed t-test with 5% significance, which ascertained the model to be adequate with an R2 value of 0.8099. The study revealed that SDA can replace 5% of fine aggregate and promote sustainability, without compromising the 28 days Split Tensile Strength.
Keywords: Saw Dust Ash, Scheffe’s simplex lattice, Split Tensile Strength of concrete.
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Gunasekaran, M., and T. Palanisamy. "Effect of fly ash and bagasse ash on the mechanical properties of light weight concrete." Cement Wapno Beton 27, no. 2 (2022): 72–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2022.27.2.1.
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Light weight concrete is an important part in the concrete technology. The use of mineral additives in light-weight concrete, to replace fine aggregate with fly ash and bagasse ash, helps to reduce the cement content. The present investigation aims to meet the performance of light weight concrete, by adding fly ash and bagasse ash, as fine aggregate replacement additives. The strength properties such as cube compressive strength, cylinder compressive strength and split tensile strength were investigated after different ages, to find the optimum addition of mineral additives such as fly ash and bagasse ash, in concrete. The strengths were compared and the optimal replacement level of cement with fly ash and bagasse ash was found. The cylinder compressive strength and split tensile strength of light weight concrete were measured, at the same replacement levels of mineral additives, at the age of 28 days curing. The mathematical equations were proposed to achieve cube compressive and tensile strengths, cylinder compressive and tensile strength and cube compressive and cylinder compressive strengths, concerning typical strength.
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Biel, Timothy D., and Hosin Lee. "Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Concrete with Recycled Tire Rubber." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1561, no. 1 (January 1996): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156100102.
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Either portland cement or magnesium oxychloride cement was used as binders for concretes that incorporated fine rubber aggregate, ranging from 0 to 25 percent by volume. The concretes were tested for their compressive and split tensile strengths to determine whether the use of a magnesium oxychloride cement along with recycled tire rubbers would improve concrete properties. Failure of the concrete around the rubber particles was attributed to tension failure, leading to weak shear failure of the concrete matrix. Both portland and magnesium oxychloride cement concretes lost 90 percent of their compressive strength with 25 percent rubber by volume. The portland cement concrete retained 20 percent of its tensile strength, and the magnesium oxychloride cement concrete retained 35 percent of its tensile strength. Both compressive and tensile strengths of magnesium oxychloride cement rubber concrete were significantly higher than rubberized portland cement rubber concrete.
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Del Savio, Alexandre Almeida, Darwin La Torre, and Juan P. Cedrón. "Experimental Volume Incidence Study and the Relationship of Polypropylene Macrofiber Slenderness to the Mechanical Strengths of Fiber-Reinforced Concretes." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 9126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189126.
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An experimental study was conducted to examine the mechanical strengths of concretes with straight high-strength knurled polypropylene macrofibers. Incidences of concrete mechanical strengths were determined for three different fiber dosages and lengths. In addition, compressive, indirect-splitting-test tensile, and flexural strengths were determined through testing. The results showed no statistically significant correlation between the volume and length of fibers with the compressive strength of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (PPFRC). However, there was a statistically significant correlation between the split tensile strength, the volume, and the length of the fibers when the volume was greater than 0.80%, and the length of the fibers was greater than 50 mm. Furthermore, the modulus of rupture increased when the volume of fibers was greater than 0.80% and the length of the fibers was 60 mm. Finally, equations were proposed to determine the tensile strength by split test and the modulus of rupture as a function of the mixture’s resistance without fibers, the fibers’ volume and length.
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Malagavelli, Venu, and Neelakanteswara Rao Paturu. "Polyester Fibers in the Concrete an Experimental Investigation." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.125.
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Construction field has experienced a growing interest in Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) due to its various advantages. The disposal of industrial waste especially non biodegradable waste is creating a lot of problems in the environment. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made by using non biodegradable waste (polyester fibers) in the concrete to improve the crack resistance and strength. Concrete having compressive strength of 25MPa is used for this study. Samples were prepared by using various fiber contents starting from 0 to 6% of with an increment of 0.5% for finding Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strengths. It is observed that, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strengths of concretes is increasing as the fiber content is increased up to some extent.
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Widjajakusuma, Jack, Ika Bali, Gino Pranata Ng, and Kevin Aprilio Wibowo. "An Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Aluminum and Rich-Iron-Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete." Advances in Technology Innovation 7, no. 4 (July 27, 2022): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2022.10525.
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Limited studies have been conducted on low-aluminum and rich-iron-calcium fly ash (LARICFA)-based geopolymer concrete with increased strength. This study aims to investigate the mechanical characteristics of LARICFA-based geopolymer concrete, including its compressive strength, split tensile strength, and ultimate moment. The steps of this study include material preparation and testing, concrete mix design and casting, specimen curing and testing, and the analysis of testing results. Furthermore, the specimen tests consist of the bending, compressive, and split tensile strength tests. The results show that the average compressive strength and the ultimate moment of the geopolymer concrete are 38.20 MPa and 22.90 kN·m, respectively, while the average ratio between the split tensile and compressive strengths is around 0.09. Therefore, the fly ash-based geopolymer concrete can be used in structural components.
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Hazairin, Erma Desmaliana, Bernardinus Herbudiman, and Wira Yudha Saputra. "Mechanical properties of porous concrete with variations of coarse aggregate gradation." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927601027.
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Porous concrete is an innovation in sustainable concrete technology, which has high porosity concrete without fine aggregate. Porous concrete used in rain gardens, planter boxes, permeable pavements at urban open spaces could absorb rainwater so it can reduce run-off. This experimental study purposes to determine the compressive, split-tensile, flexural strengths, and permeability of porous concrete with various gradation of coarse aggregates. This study used a concrete mixture with coarse aggregate gradation variations of gap, continuous, and uniform on the water cement ratio of 0.4. The test specimens used three cylinders of 15x30cm for compressive and split-tensile strengths, except for uniform gradations used three cylinders of 10x20cm. Beam specimens of 15x15x60cm used for bending strength test by third point loading method. The tested mechanical properties are 7, 14, and 28 days-compressive strengths, 28 days split-tensile strength, and 28 days bending strength. The experimental results also show the average compressive strengths of porous concrete with variation of gradations of gap, continuous, and uniform for 28 days is 14.6 MPa, 13.0 MPa, and 10.6 MPa, respectively. Volumetric flow rate of porous concrete with gap, continuous, and uniform aggregate gradations is 28.4 ml/s, 32.1 ml/s, and 39.3 ml/s, respectively. The experimental results show that gap gradation is recommended due to its better compressive and flexural strengths. In porous concrete, aggregate gradations influence the air content. The highest air content results the lowest compressive strength of concrete. The designed air content should be controlled to maintain the expexted compressive strength of porous concrete.
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Ezihe, J. C., O. O. Ugwu, and F. O. Okafor. "Mathematical Model to Predict Split Tensile Strength of Concretes in Crude Oil Contaminated Environments." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(3)-07.
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Few concrete components used for constructions within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria are contaminated with crude oil to varying ranges. An investigation into the split tensile behaviour of concretes to crude oil when cured in 10% crude oil/water medium is carried out in this work. In this work, crude oil was used as a fifth ingredient of concrete mix which replaced 5% to 20% of the w/c. The four other components were cement, sand, granite, and water. A designed mix ratio of 1:2:4 with w/c of 0.5 was utilized as the initial component mix design. Scheffe’s simplex theory was used for the five mix ratios in a {5,2} experimental design. This gave rise to ten additional mix ratios and fifteen other additional mix ratios were generated for control purposes. These thirty concrete mix ratios were subjected to laboratory experiments to determine the 7 and 28 days split tensile strengths. The results of the first fifteen split tensile strengths were used for the calibration of the model constant coefficients, while the results from the second fifteen were used as control. A mathematical regression model was derived from the results, with which the split tensile strengths were developed. The derived model was subjected to a two-tailed t-test with 5% significance, which ascertained the model to be adequate with an R2 value of 0.9616 and 0.9227. The study revealed that crude oil presence in a concrete mix can be harmful as it reduces the split tensile strength of concretes.
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Odeyemi, S. O., M. A. Anifowose, R. Abdulwahab, and W. O. Oduoye. "Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete with Guinea Corn Husk Ash as Additive." LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 5, no. 1 (September 27, 2020): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/0202/50(0131).
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Consideration on High Performance Concrete (HPC) has risen drastically because of the requirement for application of concrete volume with high strengths for construction work. In this study, the mechanical properties of HPC with Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA) as supplement of cement was investigated. The proportioning of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with GCHA is from 0 - 20%. Design of the concrete mix was done to achieve a characteristic strength of 50 N/mm². The chemical composition of the GCHA was determined using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Slump and compacting factor of fresh HPC were determined. Concrete cubes (for compressive strength), beams (for flexural strength) and cylinder (for split tensile strength) samples were cast and cured in water for 7 - 56 days. Density, compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths were determined on the hardened HPC and were further examined using SEM analysis. Compressive strength at 56 days showed that control and inclusion of 5% GCHA gave strength 56.85 N/mm2 and 57.76 N/mm2, respectively above the designed target strength of 56.56 N/mm2 while inclusion of 10% GCHA met characteristics strength of 50 N/mm2. However, 5% GCHA-concrete had the highest flexural and split tensile strengths at 56 days of curing. Integration of 10% GCHA as replacement of OPC would produce concrete of higher strengths compared to conventional HPC at longer curing age. Based on the SEM results, uniform distribution of filler was obtained at 10% GCHA inclusion. At higher percentage of GCHA, resulting composite presents multiple and distinct grains with possible weak interfaces.
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Yuan, Jian Song, Dan Ying Gao, and Lin Yang. "Research on Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete at Low Fiber Volume Fraction Based on Binary Variance Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.243.
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Based on the strength tests, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, shear strength , of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) with different concrete strength grades (C20~C50) at low fiber volume fraction (0~0.7%), the influences of concrete strength grades and steel fiber volume on concrete strengths were studied, and the effect significance levels of the two factors was analyzed through the binary variance analysis. The results show that when the concrete strength grades are amongst C20 ~ C50 and steel fiber volume rates lie in the range 0~0.7%,the strengths of SFRC rises as concrete strength grade and steel fiber volume ratio increase ; the influence of concrete grade is more significant than that of steel fiber volume ratio on compressive strength and split tensile strength of SFRC; the influence of steel fiber volume fraction is less significant than that of concrete strength grades on shear strength of SFRC.
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Makrides-Saravanos, Elli, and T. Rezansoff. "The effect of a chloride-based accelerating admixture on the tensile strength of concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-074.
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Compression and tension tests were performed on specimens made from high-early-strength concrete, where the strength acceleration was achieved by using a chloride-based accelerating admixture. Comparison with specimens made from concrete without the admixture showed that the concrete with the admixture was significantly weaker in tension for equal compressive strength.Curing times ranged from 3 days to 3 or 4 months while compressive strengths ranged from 16 to 37 MPa depending on the batch and the age at testing. Three types of tension tests, the standard split cylinder test, the standard modulus of rupture test, and a pull-out test were used in the study.Current design equations that relate tensile strength of concrete to the measured compressive strength may overestimate the actual tensile strength of high-early-strength concrete where acceleration is achieved through the addition of an admixture. These equations are found in provisions for anchorage, development, and splicing of reinforcement, shear and torsion strength, and the prediction of service load deflections. Key words: concrete, accelerated strength, tensile strength, admixtures, curing, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, strength correlations.
12
Xu, Weixing, Jianfei Zhou, Ya’nan Wang, and Bi Shi. "Modification of Leather Split by In Situ Polymerization of Acrylates." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7460572.
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Leather split, the byproduct of leather manufacture, possesses low utility value because it has loose weave of collagen fibers and weak mechanical strengths. Herein, a practical and convenient method for increasing strengths of leather split was developed by one-step in situ polymerization. The structures and properties of polyacrylate/leather split composites were systematically investigated. The results suggested the monomers with an α-methyl and a proper straight-chain ester group, such as nBMA, can effectively modify the leather split. For leather split with a thickness of 1.6 mm, the rational processes for preparation of polyacrylate/leather split composite are that monomer and split were stirred in a drum for 4 hours for full permeation and then the split was heated in anaerobic condition at 45°C for 30 min. The tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break of the optimized PnBMA/split composite were 18.72 MPa, 62.73 N/mm, and 46.02%, respectively. With these mechanical properties, the split after modification can be well used as leather for making shoes, bags, gloves, and clothing.
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Mishra, Pankaj, and Prof Vivek Rangnekar. "Experimental Study on Concrete Using Alccofine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47605.
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Abstract: This paper deals with experimental investigation on mechanical properties of M20 grade concrete with the aid of using alccofine in the mix. Alccofine of 0%. 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by weight of cement are replaced with cement in the concrete mix. A comparative analysis has been completed for conventional concrete to that of the alccofine used concrete on the subject of compressive and split tensile strength. As in previous studies alccofine content material will increase compressive and split tensile strengths are proportionally increasing. It is found that as much as 25% of alccofine replaced with cement by weight of cement will increase the strength of concrete and later starts reducing the strength.
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TAKAHASHI, Y., M. DAIMARUYA, H. KOBAYASHI, H. TSUDA, and H. FUJIKI. "IMPACT TENSILE PROPERTIES OF YAG LASER WELDED BUTT JOINTS MADE BY DIFFERENT STEEL SHEETS FOR VEHICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208047304.
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The tensile properties of YAG laser welded butt joints using different high strength steel sheets with a tensile strength of 270 MPa, 590 MPa and 980 MPa (denoted HR270, HR590 and HR980, respectively) were investigated at static and dynamic rates, together with the three kinds of laser welded joints made by the same steel sheets. The impact tensile tests were performed by using the vertical type of split Hopkinson tension bar apparatus, while the static tensile tests were carried out using a universal testing machine INSTRON5586. The impact tensile strengths were significantly increased in comparison with the static ones due to the effect of strain rate, which might be the contribution of the part of HR270 base metal. And in both of static and impact tests, the fracture strains of HR270-HR590 joint, HR270-HR980 joint and HR590-HR980 joint were about one half of the fracture strains observed in the same steel welded joints of HR270-HR270, HR270-HR270 and HR590-HR590, respectively.
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Ismail, Fouad Ismail, Syed Ahmad Farhan, Nadzhratul Husna, Nasir Shafiq, MohaMohamed Mubarak Abdulmed Wahab, and Siti Nooriza Abd Razak. "Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Compressive and Split Tensile Strengths of Geopolymer Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 945, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012060.
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Abstract Geopolymer is now a more advanced alternative to cement and available substitute for OPC while graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) are new nanomaterials with extraordinary properties that can enhance and improve the strength of cementitious materials. Although graphene reinforced concrete has intriguing potential, its implementation in construction requires better knowledge of the impact of GnP on the properties of concrete related to durability. Studies on the compressive and tensile strength performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) containing GnP are needed. The present study investigated the influence of reinforcing GPC with varying percentages of GnP on the compressive and split tensile strengths of GPC. The addition of GnP ranged from 0.0%, 0.25% and 0.5% by weight of total binder. It has been observed that the addition of GnP increased the compressive strength by 30% and the tensile strength by 22% in comparison to a reference sample with a specified composition of fly ash and sodium metasilicate. In addition, the effect of GnP on enhancing the compressive strength of the geopolymer was shown to diminish as the amount of sodium metasilicate increased.
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Sun, Bo Cheng, and Shao Qing Wang. "Rice Hull Ash Concrete Mechanical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.423.
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This technical note discusses an innovative use of rice hull ash (RHS) as filler in concrete. RHS in the range of 0–30% was used as a partial replacement for ordinary cement in a concrete of mix ratio 1:2:4:0.6 (cement: sand: coarse aggregate: water cement ratio). Fresh concrete properties, compressive, split tensile strengths, and modulus of rupture were measured for concrete mixtures with RHS within the investigated replacement levels. The results showed that the setting times of RSH concrete increased with higher ash content, while the compressive, split tensile strengths and modulus of rupture showed a reverse trend.
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Lee, Songhee, and Sangmin Shin. "Prediction on Compressive and Split Tensile Strengths of GGBFS/FA Based GPC." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 4198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244198.
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Based on rate constant concept, empirical models were presented for the predictions of age-dependent development of compressive and split tensile strengths of geopolymer concrete composite (GPCC) with fly ash (FA) blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The models were empirically developed based on a total of 180 cylindrical test results of GPCC. Six different independent factors comprising of curing temperature, the weight ratios of GGBFS/binder, the aggregate/binder, the alkali solution/binder, the Na2SiO3/NaOH, and the NaOH concentration were considered as the variables. The ANOVA analyses performed on Taguchi orthogonal arrays with six factors in three levels showed that the curing temperature and ratio of GGBFS to binder were the main contributing factors to the development of compressive strength. The models, functionalized with these contributing factors and equivalent age, reflect the level of activation energy of GPCC similar to that of ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) and a higher frequency of molecular collisions during the curing period at elevated temperature. The model predictions for compressive and split tensile strength showed good agreements with tested results.
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Aris, Rita Hardianti, Erniati Bachtiar, and Ritnawati Makbul. "Workability dan Sifat Mekanik Self Compacting Geopolimer Concrete (SCGC)." Civilla : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam Lamongan 6, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/cvl.v6i2.718.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between molarity and workability in Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC), as well as mechanical properties. Compressive strength and split tensile strength tests are used to characterize the mechanical characteristics in this research. Additionally, the study investigates the optimal molarity for self-compacting geopolymer concrete. Fly ash was used in lieu of cement in this research. On new concrete self-compacting geopolymer, workability is determined using the EFNARC standard, which includes the Slump Flow, V-Funnel, and L-Box tests. ASTM 39/C 39M-99 standard is used to determine the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete geopolymer. On new concrete, workability is determined using the EFNARC standard, which comprises the Slump Flow Test, a V-funnel, and an L-Box. The compressive strength of concrete samples is determined according to the ASTM 39/C 39M – 99 standard. The SNI 03-2491-2002 standard is used to determine the split tensile strength of concrete. At the ages of 7, 14, and 28 days, tests were conducted. The findings indicated that new concrete at 11M-13M satisfied the criteria for SCGC workability. The compressive and split tensile strengths of SCGC grow as the concrete ages. In self-compacting geopolymer concrete, the optimal molarity is 13 M.
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A. Heravi, Ali, Oliver Mosig, Ahmed Tawfik, Manfred Curbach, and Viktor Mechtcherine. "An Experimental Investigation of the Behavior of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) under Impact Compression and Shear Loading." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 4514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204514.
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The ductile behavior of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) under direct tensile load makes them promising solutions in applications where high energy dissipation is needed, such as in earthquakes, impacts by projectiles, or blasts. However, the superior tensile ductility of SHCC due to multiple cracking does not necessarily point to compressive and shear ductility. As an effort to characterize the behavior of SHCC under impact compressive and shear loading relevant to the aforementioned high-speed loading scenarios, the paper at hand studies the performance of a particular SHCC and its constituent, cement-based matrices using the split-Hopkinson bar method. For compression experiments, cylindrical specimens with a length-to-diameter ratio (l/d) of 1.6 were used. The selected length of the sample led to similar failure modes under quasi-static and impact loading conditions, necessary to a reliable comparison of the observed compressive strengths. The impact experiments were performed in a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) at a strain rate that reached 110 s−1 at the moment of failure. For shear experiments, a special adapter was developed for a split-Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB). The adapter enabled impact shear experiments to be performed on planar specimens using the tensile wave generated in the SHTB. Results showed dynamic increase factors (DIF) of 2.3 and 2.0 for compressive and shear strength of SHCC, respectively. As compared to the non-reinforced constituent matrix, the absolute value of the compressive strength was lower for the SHCC. Contrarily, under shear loading, the SHCC demonstrated higher shear strength than the non-reinforced matrix.
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M, Usha, and P. Poluraju. "Comparing is code specified flexural strength of concrete with split tensile strength by conducting test on cubes." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.1 (March 5, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.1.9883.
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The present study aims at investigating the Code IS 456 specified flexure strengths of concrete. This investigation involved carrying out a split tensile test on cubes. The design mix calculations for M20, M25, M30, M40, M50 and M60 were done. Steel fibers were used to improve the resistance of fracture and tensile strength of concrete by its volume percentage of 1%, 2% and 3% for all the grades. The testwas carried out on the universal testing machine using billets to apply point load on exactly mid of the cube. It was observed that the code specified flexure strength is a conservative estimate.
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Putri, Herwina Rahayu, Firman Paledung, Erniati Bachtiar, and Popy Indrayani. "The Effect of Seawater on The Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength in Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete." Civilla : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam Lamongan 6, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/cvl.v6i2.722.
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Fly ash is a kind of trash that may degrade the quality of the air. As a result, it is critical that it be used as an ecologically beneficial material. Although cement is the most often used construction material, its manufacturing generates carbon dioxide, which may degrade air quality. The aim of this research was to evaluate the compressive strength and split tensile strength of self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) cured in seawater, as well as to compare SCGC with and without saltwater. In this research, a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm was utilized as the specimen. Fly ash is used in proportion to fine and coarse aggregates at a ratio of 1: 0.65: 1.5. Using a 0.4 activator to binder ratio. The molarity ranges utilized were 11 M, 12 M, 13 M, 14 M, and 15 M. Compressive strength and split tensile strength tests were conducted on 28-day-old concrete. The findings indicated that when the molarity of SCGC treated with seawater increased from 11 to 15 M, the compressive and split tensile strengths increased. Compressive strength values were greatest in SCGC treated at room temperature when an activator of 13 M was used, and compressive strength values dropped in SCGC treated at room temperature when an activator greater than 13 M was used
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Karim, Dr Ferhad Rahim. "Influence of Internal Curing with Lightweight Pumice Fine Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars." CONSTRUCTION 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/construction.v2i2.8744.
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The cement mortar in the building encounters a problem of curing due to covering mortar under finishing materials such as tiles, stones, and marble. Internal curing is one of the methods for solving this problem. This investigation highlights the impact of internal curing with lightweight pumice fine aggregate on cement mortar's mechanical properties, such as compressive and tensile strengths, and performance, such as density. Thus, the internal cured water-to-cement ratio was studied, which varied from 0 to 21.5%, and the partial replacement of natural sand with lightweight pumice fine aggregate varied from 0% to 16.63%. The results showed the mechanical properties improved with the increased internal water-to-cement ratio. Increasing the internal cured water-to-cement ratio up to 21.52% improves the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of cement mortar up to 77.3%, 56.42%, and 28.71%, respectively. In addition, the partial replacement of natural sand with lightweight pumice aggregate up to 10.9% enhances the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of cement mortar up to 24.2%, 6.1%, and 28.7%, respectively, due to a reduction in drying and autogenous shrinkage.
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Yao, Wei, Kaiwen Xia, and Ajay Kumar Jha. "Experimental study of dynamic bending failure of Laurentian granite: loading rate and pre-load effects." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 2 (February 2019): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0707.
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In deep underground rock engineering projects, rocks are under static pre-load and they may further experience dynamic load due to earthquakes or production blasts. It is thus desirable to consider dynamic failure of rocks subjected to static pre-load. Besides, bending load is commonly encountered near underground openings. Therefore, this study considers the effect of the pre-load on the dynamic bending strength of Laurentian granite (LG). Using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar system, the semi-circular bend (SCB) method is applied to carry out the bending tests. Five groups of SCB specimens are tested under different pre-loads and loading rates. The results show that under a given pre-load, the flexural tensile strength of LG increases with the loading rate, and decreases with the static pre-load at a given loading rate. The total flexural tensile strength is roughly independent of the pre-load. An empirical equation is used to represent the effects of the loading rate and the pre-load force on the dynamic flexural tensile strength. Furthermore, the flexural tensile strengths measured from SCB tests have higher values than the tensile strengths measured using the Brazilian disc method for the same rock. A nonlocal failure theory is utilized to quantitatively interpret this discrepancy.
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Małek, Marcin, Mateusz Jackowski, Waldemar Łasica, and Marta Kadela. "Characteristics of Recycled Polypropylene Fibers as an Addition to Concrete Fabrication Based on Portland Cement." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081827.
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High-performance concrete has low tensile strength and brittle failure. In order to improve these properties of unreinforced concrete, the effects of adding recycled polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete were investigated. The polypropylene fibers used were made from recycled plastic packaging for environmental reasons (long degradation time). The compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths after 1, 7, 14 and 28 days were tested. Moreover, the initial and final binding times were determined. This experimental work has included three different contents (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.% of cement) for two types of recycled polypropylene fibers. The addition of fibers improves the properties of concrete. The highest values of mechanical properties were obtained for concrete with 1.0% of polypropylene fibers for each type of fiber. The obtained effect of an increase in mechanical properties with the addition of recycled fibers compared to unreinforced concrete is unexpected and unparalleled for polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (69.7% and 39.4% increase in compressive strength for green polypropylene fiber (PPG) and white polypropylene fiber (PPW) respectively, 276.0% and 162.4% increase in flexural strength for PPG and PPW respectively, and 269.4% and 254.2% increase in split tensile strength for PPG and PPW respectively).
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Abdul Mulok, Muhammad Zulhamdi, Amirul Anwar Mohd Solong, Wan Nur Ain Nabila Wan Mat Ali, Roszilah Hamid, and Mudiono Kasmuri. "Engineering Properties and Impact Resistance of Kenaf and Rice Straw Fibres Reinforced Concrete." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si1, no. 5 (November 30, 2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(5)-10.
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Natural fibre reinforced concrete (NFRC) has been a subject of interest for research in the past few decades due to the many advantages of natural fibres such as abundantly available, lightweight, cheap, diverse and as reinforcement in composite, provide great energy absorption and good impact resistance to the composite. The purpose of this paper is to study the engineering properties (workability, compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths, and impact resistance of NFRC, particularly kenaf (K) and rice straw (RS) fibres. Both fibres are investigated to determine feasibility of using abundant waste (RS) instead of kenaf (planted) as natural fibre reinforcement in concrete for impact resistance application such as roof tiles. Samples consist of untreated kenaf and rice straw fibres, with different percentages by volume of cement (0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5%), as concrete reinforcement. The slump, compressive, flexural, split tensile strengths, and impact resistance are determined in accordance to BS, ASTM and ACI codes of practice. Results show that, due to high rate of water absorption of rice straw fibre, reduction in workability and compressive strength of RSFRC can be observed compared to KFRC. Increasing the volume of RS fibre leads to high volumes of entrapped air after curing process, resulting in decrease of concrete strength. However, addition of both fibres as reinforcement, enhanced the flexural, split tensile and impact resistance of concrete at up to a certain volume fraction of fibres. The energy absorption of RAFRC at 2% is superior compared to other fibres, except only coir and exhibit better performance in resisting impact even though kenaf has superior properties compared to RA due to its higher ductility compared to kenaf.
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Ayeni, Ige Samuel, Oluborode Kayode Dele, and Folahan Okeola Ayodele. "Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Ash - Cement Concrete Made from Magnetized and Normal Water." Advanced Engineering Forum 50 (September 6, 2023): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-npij60.
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This work aims at comparing the mechanical properties of Rice-Husk-Ash-Cement (RHA) concrete produced from magnetized water and normal water. Cement was replaced with 25% RHA being the optimum value from previous research. Water was magnetized by a magnetic device fabricated by the research team and level of magnetization was determined using magnetic field sensor application. The chemical composition of RHA shows that it contained 89.42% of oxides to be used as a pozzolan. Magnetization reduced total dissolved solid, total soluble solid, chloride content and surface tension while pH increased. The workability of magnetized and normal water concrete samples was determined. It was magnetized water concrete samples that gave higher workability than normal water concrete. Compressive, Flexural and Split tensile strengths of magnetized and normal water concrete were determined at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of curing by immersion in portable water. Magnetization shown higher influence on early strengths of concrete. Compressive, Flexural and Split tensile strengths of concrete improved between 13.25%-18.63%, 14.83%-18.02% and 9.80%-31.63%, respectively when magnetized water was introduced during concrete production. STATA package was used to analysis the data. The descriptive statistics show that mean, standard deviation error and standard deviation for concrete produced with magnetized water were all higher than that of concrete produced with normal water for all properties tested. However, inferential statistics show that there is no significant difference in the mean compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of concrete produced with magnetized water and normal water since P-value obtained was higher than the error margin of 0.05(P>0.05) for all the tested properties of concrete.
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Silva, Fernando A. N., João M. P. Q. Delgado, António C. Azevedo, António G. B. Lima, and Castorina S. Vieira. "Preliminary Analysis of the Use of Construction Waste to Replace Conventional Aggregates in Concrete." Buildings 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030081.
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This work aims to study the influence of using construction and demolition waste in the replacement of coarse and fine aggregate to produce recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A moderate compressive strength concrete made with usual fine and coarse aggregate was used as a benchmark material. Compressive and split tensile tests were performed using 120 cylindrical concrete specimens with 150 mm diameter and 300 mm length. Four-point flexural tests in reinforced beams made with conventional concrete and RAC were performed. The results obtained showed that the use of recycled fine aggregates, in both percentages of substitution investigated—50% and 100%—did not generate any deleterious influence on the values of compressive strength and split tensile strength of the RACs produced. Tin fact, the mechanical strengths of RACs produced with recycled fine aggregate were equal or higher than those from the reference concrete. The same behavior was not observed, however, when the recycled coarse aggregate was used. For this case, decreases in concrete mechanical strengths were observed, especially in compressive strength, with values around 35% lower when compared to the reference concrete. Tensile mechanical tests results confirmed the excellent behavior of all RACs made with replacement of usual fine aggregates by recycled. Bending tests performed in reinforced RAC beams had as objective to evaluate the deformation profile of the beams. The obtained results showed that RAC beams with full replacement of usual fine aggregate by the recycled aggregates have presented little changes in the global behavior, an aspect that encourages its use.
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Wu, Yuexiu, Wanpeng Song, Wusheng Zhao, and Xianjun Tan. "An Experimental Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete under Different Strain Rates." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101904.
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Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) has a great advantage in earthquake-resistant structures, as compared with regular concrete. However, there are many difficulties in the construction and maintenance of concrete structures due to the high density and easy corrosion of the steel fiber in commonly used steel FRC. With the development of polymer material science, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber has been rapidly promoted for use in FRC because of its low density, high strength, and large elongation at break value. Dynamic uniaxial compression and splitting tensile experiments of FRC with PVA fiber were carried out with two matrix strengths (i.e., C30 and C40), which were blended with PVA fibers with a length of 12 mm in different volume contents (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%), at the age of 28 days, under different strain rates (i.e., 10−5, 10−4, 10−3, and 10−2 s−1). The results show that PVA has an obvious enhancing and toughening effect on concrete, which can improve its brittle properties and residual strength. With increasing strain rate, the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus increase to a certain extent, while the toughness index and the peak strain decrease to a certain degree. The post-peak deformation characteristic changes from a brittle failure of sudden caving to a ductile failure with dense cracking. The effect of PVA is different when enhancing the concrete with two different matrix strengths. The lower the matrix strength, the more obvious the enhancement effect of the fiber, showing characteristics of a higher compressive strength and low split tensile strength in FRC with low strength and a smoother post-peak stress–strain curve.
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Nafees, Afnan, Muhammad Faisal Javed, Sherbaz Khan, Kashif Nazir, Furqan Farooq, Fahid Aslam, Muhammad Ali Musarat, and Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin. "Predictive Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Silica Fume-Based Green Concrete Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches: MLPNN, ANFIS, and GEP." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 7531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247531.
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Silica fume (SF) is a mineral additive that is widely used in the construction industry when producing sustainable concrete. The integration of SF in concrete as a partial replacement for cement has several evident benefits, including reduced CO2 emissions, cost-effective concrete, increased durability, and mechanical qualities. As environmental issues continue to grow, the development of predictive machine learning models is critical. Thus, this study aims to create modelling tools for estimating the compressive and cracking tensile strengths of silica fume concrete. Multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN), adaptive neural fuzzy detection systems (ANFIS), and genetic programming are all used (GEP). From accessible literature data, a broad and accurate database of 283 compressive strengths and 149 split tensile strengths was created. The six most significant input parameters were cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, superplasticizer, and silica fume. Different statistical measures were used to evaluate models, including mean absolute error, root mean square error, root mean squared log error and the coefficient of determination. Both machine learning models, MLPNN and ANFIS, produced acceptable results with high prediction accuracy. Statistical analysis revealed that the ANFIS model outperformed the MLPNN model in terms of compressive and tensile strength prediction. The GEP models outperformed all other models. The predicted values for compressive strength and splitting tensile strength for GEP models were consistent with experimental values, with an R2 value of 0.97 for compressive strength and 0.93 for splitting tensile strength. Furthermore, sensitivity tests revealed that cement and water are the determining parameters in the growth of compressive strength but have the least effect on splitting tensile strength. Cross-validation was used to avoid overfitting and to confirm the output of the generalized modelling technique. GEP develops an empirical expression for each outcome to forecast future databases’ features to promote the usage of green concrete.
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Chaitanya, j. Sree Naga, Dr K. Chandramouli, Dr Sk Bifathima, and A. Pavani. "Investigation on Concrete with M-Sand and Silica Fume." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 04, no. 04 (2022): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i04.064.
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The global construction industry uses a significant amount of concrete. In India, the ordinary concrete is created utilizing natural sand from river beds as fine aggregate. Because dwindling natural resources constitute an environmental risk, government restrictions on sand mining have led to a shortage and a sharp rise in the price of the material. The optimization of M-Sand with silica fume as a partial replacement for natural sand is discussed in this work. Compressive and split tensile strengths of concrete mixtures were assessed. Natural sand was substituted with manufactured sand in five proportions of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%, while silica fume was substituted for standard Portland cement in amounts of 0, 5, 7.5 and 12.5%. The findings showed that concrete with 30% M-Sand and 7.5% silica fume has increased compressive and split tensile strength.
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Jalal, Asif, Nasir Shafiq, Ehsan Nikbakht, Rabinder Kumar, and Muhammad Zahid. "Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Basalt-Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.3.
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This study focuses on the study of the mechanical behavior of non-metallic hybrid Basalt-PVA fiber reinforced concrete. Total five mixes were investigated with one control plain concrete and four with fiber volume fraction of 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2%. Basalt and PVA were used in same quantity. Fiber decreased workability, therefore superplasticizer was used to maintain workability constant. The increase in superplasticizer and fiber content decreased compression, split tensile and flexure strengths because of formation of big size pores. Whereas fiber enhanced the post peak load zone in the load-deflection curve. Fiber improved the bridging action by increasing energy absorption. Fiber vanished the brittle behavior of high strength concrete and increased first crack toughness, flexure toughness and also maximum deflection. 0.3% volume fraction of fiber was found to be optimum with the negligible decrease in compression, split tensile and flexure strength while caused the considerable increase in first crack toughness, flexure toughness, and maximum deflection.
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Fan, Chen Yang, You Cai Xiao, Xiang Dong Xiao, Zhi Xiong Hong, Zhi Jun Wang, and Yi Sun. "Investigating the Dynamic Compressive and Tensile Properties of Polymer Binder Explosive Based on the Split-Hopkinson Bar Technique." Solid State Phenomena 335 (July 29, 2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-24v773.
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Split Hopkinson bar technique was often used to measure the dynamic mechanical properties of engineering materials. In this paper, the dynamic tensile and compression mechanical properties of polymer explosive bonded (PBX) under different strain rates were obtained by using split Hopkinson pressure/tension bar. The thickness of the specimen and the shape of the incident wave are designed to ensure the rationality of the experimental results. By comparing the experimental results, it was found that the PBX had different dynamic tensile and compression properties. The PBXs have been tested and shown tensile and compressive strengths ratios that range between 5 and 7. A constitutive relation is developed for modeling the dynamic mechanical response of PBX-I by using the Boltzmann superposition principle with a Prony series representation. The parameters of the PBX-I were fitted by using least square method. A finite element model was used to simulate the dynamic compressive and tensile behavior of PBX-I, and the numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results, which proved that the linear viscoelastic constitutive relation can be applied to the PBX-I.
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Qadir, Warzer, Kawan Ghafor, and Ahmed Mohammed. "Characterizing and Modeling the Mechanical Properties of the Cement Mortar Modified with Fly Ash for Various Water-to-Cement Ratios and Curing Times." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 13, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7013908.
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Despite many research studies on the effect of the fly ash content (FA) on the mechanical behavior of the cement mortar, there has not been an extensive study investigating the effect of FA, curing time (t), and water-to-cement ratio (w/c) on the compressive (σc), tensile (σt), and flexural (σf) strengths of cement mortar. Therefore, this study investigates the subject which could be beneficial for the building and construction field. In this study, more than 1000 data on the mechanical properties of the cement mortar modified with different percentages of fly ash varying from 5% to 75% (by dry weight of the cement) were collected from the literature. The statistical analysis and modeling were performed on the collected data. The w/c of the cement mortar ranged from 0.20% to 0.80%, and the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of cement mortar modified with fly ash and cured up to 90 days ranged from 15 MPa to 88 MPa, 0.4 MPa to 5 MPa, and 1 MPa to 10 MPa, respectively. The Vipulanandan model was also used and compared with the Hoek–Brown model to correlate the mechanical properties of cement mortar modified with fly ash. The results of this study showed that there is a good relationship between the compressive strength (σc) and w/c, curing time, and fly ash content. The compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of cement mortar quantified well as a function of w/c, fly ash content, and curing time using a nonlinear relationship.
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Canseco-Tuñacao, H. A. R., K. Remoto, K. Melendres, and I. M. Deguzman. "Recycled Coarse Aggregate from Concrete Waste Using DMDA for Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 999, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/999/1/012003.
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Abstract This study investigates the effect of the replacement of recycled concrete as coarse aggregates using the Densified Mixture Design Algorithm Method (DMDA) in unconfined concrete behavior. DMDA was applied to produce concrete with the least void. Compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength tests were conducted on 7-, 14-, 28- and 56-day old specimens. Compressive strength test results showed that specimens with 20, 30, and 40% RCA replacements at 56 days are relatively lower compared to the control and with 10% RCA replacement specimens. The compressive strengths of the specimens with RCA replacements decreased as the amount of RCA increased. However, the 10% replacement specimens showed promising performance with an average strength of 3275 psi at 56 days with an 11.2% difference in compressive strength with the control with 0% replacement. A significant increase in compressive strengths between the 28- and 56-day specimens for all specimens was observed and accounted due to the pozzolanic activity of the type C fly ash used as filler. For flexural and splitting tensile strength, results showed that specimens with 40% replacement showed best performance with a 9.87% difference and roughly 1% greater with the control in terms of its flexural and splitting tensile strength, respectively.
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Gour, Chandra Prakash, Priyanka Dhurvey, and Nagaraju Shaik. "Design of Structural Concrete with Bone China Fine Aggregate Using Statistical Approach." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 31, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6244768.
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In this rapidly industrializing world, recycling materials for construction is crucial for protecting natural resources and promoting sustainable human growth. It should be carefully considered because using the waste in the structural concrete is cost-effective but it is also constrained due to its declining qualities. Bone China waste (BCW) possesses pozzolanic properties and it was occasionally used in concrete by a few researchers. Therefore, in the current investigation, the workability, compressive, split tensile, and flexure strengths of the fresh and hardened characteristics are first determined. 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100 percent of (BCW) were utilized to replace natural fine aggregate (sand). The experiment’s findings demonstrate that every percentage of BCW replacement yields the desired characteristic strength, a mix with 60% BCW yielding the highest strength value. Furthermore, it was discovered that utilizing fine bone China instead of conventional fine aggregate in concrete increased the compressive, split tensile, and flexure strength. Through traditional laboratory experiments, a valid criterion for choosing an ideal mix combination of BCW as fine aggregate in concrete is quite laborious and time-consuming. As a result, the statistical models were presented based on the laboratory-tested compressive strength data for concrete including varying amounts of bone China waste as fine aggregate, which show resilience and normality when assessed using fundamental statistical techniques. Finally, a good agreement was found between the created models and the experimental results as well as with proven existing models. These models can forecast the compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of concrete when combined with bone China fine aggregates or any other type of fine waste. With this framework, one may examine the same factors as the study and make sure that concrete has the maximum strength and sustainability. An improved microstructure of the concrete was observed which exhibits fewer porosity and cracks when fine BCW was used in place of sand.
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Nafees, Afnan, Sherbaz Khan, Muhammad Faisal Javed, Raid Alrowais, Abdeliazim Mustafa Mohamed, Abdullah Mohamed, and Nikolai Ivanovic Vatin. "Forecasting the Mechanical Properties of Plastic Concrete Employing Experimental Data Using Machine Learning Algorithms: DT, MLPNN, SVM, and RF." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081583.
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Increased population necessitates an expansion of infrastructure and urbanization, resulting in growth in the construction industry. A rise in population also results in an increased plastic waste, globally. Recycling plastic waste is a global concern. Utilization of plastic waste in concrete can be an optimal solution from recycling perspective in construction industry. As environmental issues continue to grow, the development of predictive machine learning models is critical. Thus, this study aims to create modelling tools for estimating the compressive and tensile strengths of plastic concrete. For predicting the strength of concrete produced with plastic waste, this research integrates machine learning algorithms (individual and ensemble techniques), including bagging and adaptive boosting by including weak learners. For predicting the mechanical properties, 80 cylinders for compressive strength and 80 cylinders for split tensile strength were casted and tested with varying percentages of irradiated plastic waste, either as of cement or fine aggregate replacement. In addition, a thorough and reliable database, including 320 compressive strength tests and 320 split tensile strength tests, was generated from existing literature. Individual, bagging and adaptive boosting models of decision tree, multilayer perceptron neural network, and support vector machines were developed and compared with modified learner model of random forest. The results implied that individual model response was enriched by utilizing bagging and boosting learners. A random forest with a modified learner algorithm provided the robust performance of the models with coefficient correlation of 0.932 for compressive strength and 0.86 for split tensile strength with the least errors. Sensitivity analyses showed that tensile strength models were least sensitive to water and coarse aggregates, while cement, silica fume, coarse aggregate, and age have a substantial effect on compressive strength models. To minimize overfitting errors and corroborate the generalized modelling result, a cross-validation K-Fold technique was used. Machine learning algorithms are used to predict mechanical properties of plastic concrete to promote sustainability in construction industry.
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Yu, Qi, Zhanyang Chen, Jun Yang, and Kai Rong. "Numerical Study of Concrete Dynamic Splitting Based on 3D Realistic Aggregate Mesoscopic Model." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081948.
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In mesoscopic scale, concrete is regarded as a heterogeneous three-phase material composed of mortar, aggregate and interfacial transition zone (ITZ). The effect of mesoscopic structure on the mechanical behaviors of concrete should be paid more attention. The fractal characteristics of aggregate were calculated, then the geometric models of aggregate were reconstructed by using fractal Brownian motion. Based on the random distribution of aggregates, the concrete mesoscopic structure model was established. And the numerical model was generated by using grid mapping technology. The dynamic compression experiments of concrete under Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) loading verify the reliability and validity of the mesoscopic structural model and the parameters of the constitutive model. Based on these, a numerical study of concrete under dynamic splitting is carried out. By changing the parameters of the constitutive model, the effects of tensile strengths of aggregate, mortar and ITZ on the dynamic tensile strength of concrete are discussed. The results show that the dynamic failure of specimen usually occurs at the interfacial transition zone, then extends to the mortar, and the aggregates rarely fail. However, the increase of strain rate intensifies this process. When the strain rate increases from 72.93 s−1 to 186.51 s−1, a large number of aggregate elements are deleted due to reaching the failure threshold. The variation of tensile strengths of each phase component have the same effect on the dynamic tensile strength and energy of concrete. The dynamic tensile strength and energy of concrete are most affected by the tensile strength of mortar, following by the ITZ, but the tensile strength of aggregate has almost no effect.
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K, Bharath G., Venkata Panindra, Nithin B. M, Manoj K, and G. K. Shankarlingegowda. "An Experimental Study on Strength of Concrete Using Areca Nut Husk Fiber and Partial Replacement of Cement by Granite Powder." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53617.
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Abstract: In this experimental investigation, various concrete mixtures were prepared by replacing cement with GP at different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%). Additionally, ANHF was added to the concrete mixtures in proportion 0.5% by weight of cube and cylinder to assess its impact on the mechanical properties of concrete. The properties examined included compressive strength and split tensile strength. The results of the experiments revealed that the inclusion of ANHF in the concrete mixture led to a significant improvement in the strength properties. Concrete specimens containing ANHF exhibited enhanced compressive and split tensile strengths compared to the control samples without ANHF. Furthermore, the addition of GP as a partial replacement for cement resulted in improved strength characteristics. The findings of this study highlight the potential of using waste materials such as ANHF and GP as viable alternatives in concrete production. The incorporation of ANHF can effectively enhance the strength properties of concrete, while the partial replacement of cement with GP offers both environmental and economic benefits. These results contribute to the sustainable development of the construction industry by reducing the reliance on conventional materials and promoting the utilization of waste by-products
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Zheng, Lifei, Dan Huang, Xiaoqing Li, and Xuan Hu. "Numerical Analysis of Fracture Behaviour on Marble Samples Containing Two Flaws." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6278289.
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Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on marble specimens containing two flaws. There are coplanar flaws and noncoplanar flaws. The inclination angle and spacing of flaws were considered of the coplanar flaws model, and the step angle and spacing of flaws were considered of the noncoplanar flaws model. Strength failure and crack coalescence behaviour were analysed in the paper. The crack evolution process containing microcrack initiation, coalescence, and failure is focused on the rock bridge coalescence and the extent of the pre-existing flaws. There are four forms of rock bridge coalescence: tensile crack coalescence, shear crack coalescence, mixed tensile and shear crack coalescence, and no coalescence. Also, there are four forms of the rock failure mode: tensile failure, shear failure, mixed tensile and shear failure, and split fracture. The outer end of the critical stress values were used to compare with the crack initiation strengths, and the crack initiation strengths were slightly larger than the critical stress. In addition, energy dissipation laws were analysed during the model fracturing process. The crack evolution mechanisms around the pre-existing flaw in the model were revealed by the distribution of microcrack and energy dissipation.
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Singh, V. Ram, V. Srinivasa Reddy, S. Shrihari, and T. Srikanth. "Effect of basalt fibre on the mechanical properties of M70 grade high performance concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401110.
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The presented work reveals the strength properties of M70 grade high performance basalt fibre reinforced concrete (BFRCC) containing 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% basalt fibre content by volume of concrete. 10% Silica fume is admixed for attaining higher strengths as preferred. Compressive, split-tensile and flexural strengths are evaluated. The BFRCC microstructure is found to be improved due to enrichment of interfacial transition zone with chopped basalt fibres. It was found that different fibre lengths require different dosages to yield maximum effect on the properties of concrete. Stress- strain responses of M70 grade BFRSCC yields improved ultimate strain and strain at peak load indicating its energy dissipation capacity at fracture.
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Tedesco, J. W., and C. A. Ross. "Strain-Rate-Dependent Constitutive Equations for Concrete." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842350.
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This paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive experimental study to quantify the effects of strain rate on concrete compressive and tensile strengths. Direct compression and splitting tensile tests were conducted at quasi-static rates (between 10−7/s and 10−5/s) in a standard MTS machine to establish the “static” properties. These same tests were conducted at high strain rates (between 10−1/s and 103/s) on a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) to determine the dynamic material properties. A statistical analysis was performed on the data and strain-rate-dependent constitutive equations, both for compression and tension, were developed. These constitutive equations were subsequently employed to modify an existing quasi-static, nonlinear concrete material model.
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Pramod, Prem, and Ramoo Ram. "Effect on Compression Strength of Masonary Mortar by Replacing Fine Aggregates with Waste Glass." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41163.
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Abstract: Eco- friendly, low-carbon, and energy-intensive materials are required for a accountable approach to sustainable development. Glass debris can be used to substitute fine natural aggregate in a constructive way. The effects of adding glass cullet to the mechanical characteristics of mortar were investigated for this purpose. The glass aggregate was created from recycled post-consumer waste glass (mainly bottles) from the food, medical, and cosmetics industries. Four different contents of fine glass cullet were used in this experiment (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt. percent of fine aggregate). Compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths were all assessed. The modulus of elasticity and the Poisson coefficient were also calculated. The inclusion of glass sand aggregate to mortar improves its mechanical qualities. The acquired improvement in split tensile strength was the least influenced when comparing the strengths. Rarely has the found effect for the increased examined attributes of the glass sandaggregate content been documented. Furthermore, it was discovered that increasing the recycled glass sand aggregate content in mortar reduced the density. The links between the properties of mortar containing glass sand aggregate were also investigated. Keywords: Portland Pozzolana Cement (ultra-Tech), Drinking Water, natural sand, and waste glass replacement were used in the current experiment.
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An, Huaming, Tongshuai Zeng, Zhihua Zhang, and Lei Liu. "Experimental Study of the Rock Mechanism under Coupled High Temperatures and Dynamic Loads." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8866621.
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With the development of modern society, geomaterials are widely used for infrastructure. These materials often experience dynamic loading and high temperature, which significantly influences the mechanical behaviour of the materials. This research focuses on the effects of the loading rate and high temperature on rock mass in terms of rock mechanism. A state-of-the-art review of rock mechanism under coupled dynamic loads and high temperatures is conducted first. The rock mechanism under static and dynamic loads is introduced. The marble is taken as the rock material for the test, while the split-Hopkinson pressure bar system is used to take the dynamic tests. In addition, the principles of the split-Hopkinson pressure bar are introduced to obtain the dynamic parameters. The fracture patterns of the uniaxial compressive strength test and the Brazilian tensile strength test are obtained and compared with those well documented in the literature. Some curves for the relationships among the loading rate, strain, temperature, compressive or tensile strengths are explained. It is conduced that with the increase of the loading rate, the rock strength increases, while with the increase of the temperature, the rock strength decreases.
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Mohmmad, Sarwar H., Pshtiwan Shakor, Jaza H. Muhammad, Mustafa F. Hasan, and Moses Karakouzian. "Sustainable Alternatives to Cement: Synthesizing Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete Using Nano-Silica." Construction Materials 3, no. 3 (July 10, 2023): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater3030018.
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The emission of carbon dioxide gas from the cement manufacturing industry has raised concerns about global warming. Geopolymer concrete (GC) is gaining attention as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional cement concrete. The current study focused on using local clay to synthesize and characterize metakaolin-based GC with varying percentages of nanosilica (NS) (1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6.0%, and 7.5% by weight of MK content) using NaOH/sodium silicate. The geopolymer specimens were cured at room temperature for 28 days, and their workability, compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths were measured to evaluate the influence of NS on the concrete’s mechanical properties. The study found that the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of the GC increased gradually up to 6.0% NS, but any further increase in its ratio resulted in a reduction in mechanical characteristics. The study concludes that the addition of 6.0% NS in metakaolin (MK)-based GC produces the highest mechanical properties, improving the compressive strength of the GC mix by 34.3% compared to the control GC mix and improving the flexural and split tensile strengths by 39% and 37%, respectively, compared to control GC strengths. Furthermore, the statistical analysis confirms nano-silica’s significant impact on geopolymer concrete’s mechanical properties, emphasizing its role in improving performance and sustainability as an alternative to cement-based materials.
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Desmaliana, Erma, Hazairin Hazairin, Bernardinus Herbudiman, and Rossa Lesmana. "Kajian Eksperimental Sifat Mekanik Beton Porous dengan Variasi Faktor Air Semen." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 15, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jts.v15i1.3147.
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Abstract: Porous concrete is one of the sustainable concrete technology innovations without fine aggregates and high porosity. Porous concrete could be used on road pavement to overcome the run-off water and applied as a retaining wall to minimize groundwater pressure. This study purposes to determine the mechanical properties of compressive strength, split-tensile strength, flexuralstrength and permeability of porous concrete with various water cement ratio experimentally. 10-mm-diameter and 20-mm-diameter of Batujajar split used as coarse aggregates. This study uses concrete mixture with water cement ratio variations of 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5 on the coarse aggregate gradation of continuous. The test specimens used three cylinders of 15x30cm for compressive and split-tensile strengths, except for permeability strength which used one cylinder of 10x20cm. Beam specimens of 15x15x60cm were used for bending strength test by third-point loading method. The tested mechanical properties are 7, 14 and 28 days compressive strengths, 28 days split-tensile strength, 28 days bending strength and 28 days permeability strength. The experimental results show that the average compressive strengths of porous concrete with variationof water cement ratio of 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5 for 28 days is 17.9 MPa, 16.1 MPa, 14.2 MPa, 11.2 MPa and 8.8 MPa, respectively. The average split-tensile strengths of porous concrete with variation of water cement ratio of 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5 for 28 days is 1.6 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 1.4 MPa, 1.2 MPa and 0.9 MPa, respectively. The average flexural strengths of porous concrete with variation of water cement ratio of 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 for 28 days is 1.6 MPa, 1.5 MPa and 1.1 MPa, respectively. The average permeability strengths of porous concrete with variation of water cement ratio of 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5 for 28 days is 3.5 mm/s, 3.7 mm/s, 4.1 mm/s, 4.3 mm/s dan 5.0 mm/s, respectively. Based on the experimental study it shows that porous concrete with all variations of water cement ratio achieves the structural strength and is recommended as a pre-fabricated pavement structure material with small dimensions relatively to prevent bending cracks. Abstrak: Beton porous merupakan salah satu inovasi teknologi beton berkelanjutan tanpa agregat halus dengan porositas tinggi. Beton porous ini dapat digunakan pada perkerasan jalan untuk menanggulangi air run-off, serta dapat diaplikasikan sebagai dinding penahan tanah yang berfungsi untuk meminimalisir tekanan air tanah. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji secara eksperimental sifat mekanis terhadap kuat tekan, kuat tarik belah, kuat lentur dan permeabilitas beton porous dengan berbagai variasi faktor air semen. Agregat kasar yang digunakan batu pecah Batujajar berukuran 10 mm – 20 mm. Penelitian ini menggunakan campuran beton dengan variasi faktor air semen sebesar 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, dan 0.5 pada gradasi agregat kasar menerus. Benda uji yang digunakan untuk setiap varian adalah 3 benda uji beton silinder yang berukuran 15x30 cm untuk uji kuat tekan beton dan uji kuat tarik belah beton dan 1 benda uji beton silinder 10x20 cm untuk uji permeabilitas. Benda uji balok berukuran 15x15x60 cm untuk uji kuat lentur dengan metode third point loading. Sifat mekanik yang diuji adalah kuat tekan beton pada umur 7, 14 dan 28 hari untuk uji kuat tekan beton dan 28 hari untuk kuat tarik belah beton, kuat lentur beton dan permeabilitas. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan nilai kuat tekan beron porous dengan varian campuran faktor air semen 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5 untuk 28 hari berturut-turut adalah 17.9 MPa, 16.1 MPa, 14.2 MPa, 11.2 MPa, dan 8.8 MPa. Nilai kuat tarik belah beton dengan varian campuran faktor air semen 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5 untuk 28 hari berturut-turut adalah 1.6 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 1.4 MPa, 1.2 MPa, dan 0.9 MPa. Nilai kuat lentur beton dengan varian campuran faktor air semen 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 untuk 28 hari berturut-turut adalah 1.6 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 1.1 MPa. Nilaipermeabilitas beton porous dengan varian campuran faktor air semen 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5 adalah 3.5 mm/det, 3.7 mm/det, 4.1 mm/det, 4.3 mm/det dan 5.0 mm/det. Dari hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa beton porous dengan semua variasi faktor air semen mampu mencapai kekuatan struktural dan penggunaannya layak direkomendasikan sebagai material struktur perkerasan pre-fabrikasi dengan dimensi yang relatif kecil untuk menghindari retak lentur.
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Jakkula, Puneeth, Georg Ganzenmüller, Florian Gutmann, and Stefan Hiermaier. "Strain rate sensitivity of the aluminium-magnesium-scandium alloy - Scalmalloy®." EPJ Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125005014.
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This work investigates the strain rate sensitivity of the aluminiummagnesium-scandium alloy Scalmalloy, which is used extensively for additive manufacturing of lightweight structures. This high strength aluminium alloy combines very good weldability, machinability and mechanical strength: it can be heat-treated to reach nominal ultimate tensile strengths in excess of 500 MPa. We report tensile tests at strain rates ranging from 10−3 /s to 103 /s at room temperature. It is well known that Al-Mg alloys exhibit a negative strain rate dependency in combination with serrated flow caused by the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, which describes the interaction of Mg solutes with dislocation propagations. In contrast, in Al-Sc alloys, the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and displays positive strain rate dependency. Additionally, the presence of Sc in the form of Al3-Sc provides a fine-grained microstructure which allows higher tensile and fatigue strength. This research shows how these combined effects interact in the case of Scalmalloy, which contains both Mg and Sc. Tests are performed at quasi-static, intermediate and high strain rates with a servohydraulic testing machine and a Split-Hopkinson tension bar. Local specimen strain was performed using 2D Digital Image Correlation.
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Kumar, Patnaikuni Chandan, Malleswara Rao Palli, and Indubhushan Patnaikuni. "Replacement of Cement with Rice Husk Ash in Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.481.
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In the present investigation, a feasibility study is made to use Rice Husk Ash as an admixture to an already replaced Cement with fly ash (Portland Pozzolana Cement) in Concrete, and an attempt has been made to investigate the strength parameters of concrete (Compressive and Flexural). For control concrete, Indian Standard (IS) method of mix design is adopted. Five different replacement levels namely 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% were chosen for the replacement study. A range of curing periods starting from 3 days, 7 days, 28 days and 56 days are considered in the present study. Series ranging from 5% to 10% RHA concrete but better compressive strengths at later ages though showing lower compressive strengths initially. However, split tensile strengths are lower for RHA concrete when compared to normal concrete.
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Yehia, Sherif, Akmal Abdelfatah, and Doaa Mansour. "Effect of Aggregate Type and Specimen Configuration on Concrete Compressive Strength." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070625.
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In this paper, concrete mixes utilizing two sizes of natural aggregate and two sources of lightweight and recycled aggregates were used to investigate the effect of aggregate type and specimen size and shape on the compressive strength of concrete. In addition, samples from ready-mix concrete producers with different strengths were evaluated using standard size cylinders and cubes. Results were obtained on the 7th, 28th, and 90th day. In addition, flexural strength, split tension, and modulus of elasticity were evaluated on the 28th and 90th day. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the significance of the difference between the compressive strength values for each two mixes using tests of hypotheses. Moreover, other mechanical properties as a function of compressive strength were discussed and compared to those predicated by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) specifications. Results indicate specimen shape has a noticeable effect on the compressive strength as the Cylinder/Cube ratio on the 90th day was ranging between 0.781 and 0.929. The concrete compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were significantly affected by the aggregate type. The flexural strength and split tensile strength were less affected by the aggregate type, which was also confirmed by the values predicted with the ACI equations.
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Tiwari, Abhishek, Vivek Saini, and Abhinav Singh. "Study of Behavior of Jute Fiber Concrete including Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Rebar’s." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 11, no. 04 (August 25, 2021): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.11.4.9.
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Glass Fiber strengthened chemical compound Rebar’s (GFRP) has associate rising various solution of steel reinforcement for concrete structures thanks to its upgraded properties like high durability, light-weight, and corrosions resistance. The general purpose of this study is to interchange longitudinal steel with GFRP rebar in Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) for pier to boost its performance. During this study the proportion of cement sand aggregate and water is 1:2:3:0.60, with the addition of fifty five jute fibers by mass of cement, having forty five millimeter length is used. The mechanical properties (splitting tensile and compressive strengths), are investigated during this study. We have found that compressive strength and split tensile of JFRC specimen is decreased but flexural strength is increased as compared to normal concrete but the axial strength of prototype pier including glass fiber reinforcement is decreased.
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Kathirvel, Parthiban, Gunasekaran Murali, Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin, and Sallal R. Abid. "Experimental Study on Self Compacting Fibrous Concrete Comprising Magnesium Sulphate Solution Treated Recycled Aggregates." Materials 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010340.
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It appears that the awareness and intentions to use recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in concrete are expanding over the globe. The production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using RCA is an emerging field in the construction sector. However, the highly porous and absorptive nature of adhered mortar on RCA’s surface leads to reduced concrete strength, which can be removed with the application of various techniques, such as acid treatment. This study investigated the effect of the partial replacement of silica fume by cement and natural aggregate (NA) by RCA with and without steel fibre. The used RCA was treated with magnesium sulphate solution. It was immersed in solutions with different concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20% and for different periods of 5, 10 and 15 days. Sixteen mixes were prepared, which were divided into six groups with or without 1% of steel fibre content. The fresh properties, compressive strength, split tensile strength and impact resistance were examined. The results revealed that the strengths of the mixes with 20% RCA were marginally better than those of the control mixes. The compressive strength and split tensile strength were reduced by 34% and 35% at 60% RCA content, respectively, as compared to the control mixes.