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Books on the topic 'Split languages'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Thomas, Stolz, ed. Split possession: An areal-linguistic study of the alienability correlation and related phenomena in the languages of Europe. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2008.

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Baldacci, David. Split second. Pan Books, 2010.

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Baldacci, David. Split second. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2013.

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4

Baldacci, David. Split second. New York: Warner Books, 2003.

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5

Baldacci, David. Split Second. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2003.

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6

Baldacci, David. Split second. New York: Warner Books Large Print, 2003.

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7

Baldacci, David. Split second. London: Pan, 2004.

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8

Bentley, Delia. Split intransitivity in Italian. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006.

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9

Corpi, Lucha. The triple banana split boy. Houston, Tex: Piñata Books/Arte Publico Press, 2009.

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10

Baldacci, David. The split second. New York: Warner Vision Books, 2004.

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11

1943-, Jutronić Dunja, ed. Rječnik splitskog govora =: A dictionary of split dialect. Dubrovnik: Dubrovnik University Press, 2006.

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12

Walton, Rick. Why the banana split: An adventure in idioms. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs Smith, 2011.

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13

Dobson, Melanie, and Morgan Tarpley Smith. Split in Time Companion Workbook: How to Write Dual Timeline, Split Time, and Time-Slip Fiction. Ink Map Press, 2022.

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14

Coon, Jessica, and Omer Preminger. Split Ergativity is not about Ergativity. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.10.

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This chapter argues that split ergativity is epiphenomenal, and that the factors which trigger its appearance are not limited to ergative systems in the first place. In both aspectual and person splits, the split is the result of a bifurcation of the clause into two distinct case/agreement domains, which renders the clause structurally intransitive. Since intransitive subjects do not appear with ergative marking, this straightforwardly accounts for the absence of ergative morphology. Crucially, such bifurcation is not specific to ergative languages; it is simply obfuscated in nominative-accusative environments because there, by definition, transitive and intransitive subjects pattern alike. The account also derives the universal directionality of splits, by linking the structure that is added to independent facts: the use of locative constructions in nonperfective aspects (Bybee et al. 1994, Laka 2006, Coon 2013), and the requirement that 1st/2nd person arguments be structurally licensed (Bejar & Rezac 2003, Preminger 2014).

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15

Aranovich, Raul. Split Auxiliary Systems: A cross-linguistic perspective (Typological Studies in Language). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2007.

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16

Nash, Léa. The Structural Source of Split Ergativity and Ergative Case in Georgian. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.8.

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On the basis of the study of split ergativity in Georgian, this chapter defends a simple principle according to which the difference between a nominative and an ergative behaviour of the same language, and possibly across languages, consists in the capacity of the transitive subject to be theta-licensed, and by consequence case-licensed, in a position outside vP only in the nominative type. An outcome of this difference is that the transitive subject in ergative languages is licensed in vP, which is also the minimal domain containing the direct object. As both arguments of the transitive verb stay in vP, they are case-licensed by the same c-commanding functional head, according to the mechanism of Dependent Case (DC) assignment as originally proposed by Marantz (1991). The reason why one functional head marks two arguments in a language is due to the functional impoverishment between T and vP.

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17

Thomas, Stolz, ed. Split possession: An areal-linguistic study of the alienability correlation and related phenomena in the languages of Europe. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2008.

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18

Thomas, Stolz, ed. Split possession: An areal-linguistic study of the alienability correlation and related phenomena in the languages of Europe. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2008.

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19

Thomas, Stolz, ed. Split possession: An areal-linguistic study of the alienability correlation and related phenomena in the languages of Europe. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub. Company, 2008.

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20

Tuite, Kevin. Alignment and orientation in Kartvelian (South Caucasian). Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.45.

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The small Kartvelian family is one of the three endemic language families of the Caucasus. The Kartvelian languages are double marking, with nominal case and two sets of person markers in the verb. Since the 17th century, linguists have attempted to accommodate the complexities of Georgian morphosyntax within the descriptive categories of their time, successively describing the language as nominative, (split) ergative, and active/inactive. In the present chapter, I will argue that its alignment can be most accurately described as split-intransitive, once the considerable number of monovalent dative-subject verbs are brought into consideration. Proto-Kartvelian would have had split-intransitive verb agreement, absolutively aligned verbal plurality marking, and incipient ergative-absolutive case assignment. Also discussed is the morphosyntactic orientation of the Kartvelian languages and dialects, that is, the distribution of morphological and syntactic privileges among the clausal arguments.

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21

Woolford, Ellen. Split Ergativity in Syntax and at Morphological Spellout. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.9.

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In a split ergative case pattern, not all subjects that could be marked with ergative case are. A language with a split ergative case pattern is called a split ergative language, but linguists disagree as to what other properties qualify a language as split ergative: an ergative case pattern in combination with a nominative-accusative agreement pattern, or an ergative case and agreement pattern in a language where no syntactic rules make reference to ergative case, or a language with two classes of verbs, only one of which takes an ergative subject. This chapter illustrates the well-known types of ergative splits involving person and aspect, and a range of less well-known types involving stage versus individual level predicates, proximate versus obviate subjects, and different social contexts. Most ergative splits appear to be present in syntax, with the clear exception of person splits which are argued to be purely morphological.

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22

Bavin, Edith. The Acquisition of Ergativity: An Overview. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.25.

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The chapter illustrates variation associated with ergative alignment and properties of ergative languages that might impact on acquisition of the system. Language input, the social context and developmental patterns are also discussed, as are criteria for determining when a system has been acquired. Examples provided represent different language families and geographic areas. Also included are more detailed examples: for Kaluli, which has a split ergative system, dependent on word order and pragmatic factors; for Arctic Quebec Inuktitut which employs detransitivisation processes to change the role of the arguments of bivalent verbs; and for Warlpiri which has frequent ellipsis of core arguments, so reducing the frequency of ergative marking in the input. The data illustrate that split morphological systems and variable use of ergative marking do not seem to be problematic overall. By the age of 2.5 or 3 years, children show knowledge of the system.

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23

Peterson, Tyler. Alignment across Tsimshianic. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.41.

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The Tsimshianic languages are entirely morphologically ergative in the agreement system. While there is a split in Tsimshianic, conditioned by both clause type and a person hierarchy, the other side of the split is not the expected nominative-accusative alignment. Rather, other logical groupings of semantic roles are found that are still ergative. This chapter presents a description of the agreement patterns across Tsimshianic, with the aim of explaining these expansions of ergativity, by undertaking a comparative analysis of the individual languages in the Tsimshianic family. This is analysis is extended to the connectives, which are complex, determiner-like morphemes that appear to be sensitive to the semantic role of the NP. This leads to four distinct alignments (nominative, ergative, neutral, and contrastive). An understanding of the alignments in the agreement system can shed light on this complexity, and a comparative analysis eliminates the multiple alignments in the connective system, thus revealing a fairly standard set of determiners.

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24

Top Notch 2a Split. Pearson PTR Interactive, 2011.

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25

Dabir-Moghaddam, Mohammad. Typological Approaches and Dialects. Edited by Anousha Sedighi and Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.3.

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Modern Persian reveals interesting typological properties. In terms of word order parameters, it has grammaticalized a number of OV-type and a number of VO-type parameters. As this mixed typological behaviour can be attested in Old Persian and Middle Persian, the implications of this observation for typology, formal linguistics, and theories of language change are worth pursuing. The agreement system of Modern Persian is Nominative-Accusative. However, the majority of Modern Iranian languages are split in this respect. Morphologically, Modern Persian is analytic. This morphological type can be observed in Middle Persian as well. This two-millennium-old typological property gives Persian a distinct place within the Indo-European languages. As Persian is spoken in a widespread geographical area, there are many Persian dialects currently in use. A number of grammatical features of Tajik Persian, Afghan (Dari) Persian, Isfahani Persian, and Gha’eni Persian are briefly mentioned.

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26

Coon, Jessica, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.001.0001.

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As any quick survey of the syntactic literature will show, there are almost as many different views of ergativity as there are so-called ergative languages (languages whose basic clause structure instantiates an ergative case-marking or agreement pattern). While ergativity is sometimes referred to as a typological characteristic of languages, research on the phenomenon has made it more and more clear that (a) languages do not fall clearly into one or the other of the ergative/absolutive vs. nominative/accusative categories and (b) ergative characteristics are not consistent from language to language. This volume contributes to both the theoretical and descriptive literature on ergativity and adds results from experimental investigations of ergativity. The chapters cover overview approaches within generative, typological, and functional paradigms, as well as approaches to the core morpho-syntactic building blocks of an ergative construction (absolutive case and licensing, and ergative case and licensing); common related constructions (anti-passive); common related properties (split-ergativity, syntactic vs. morphological ergativity, word order, the interaction of agreement patterns and ergativity); and extensions and permutations of ergativity (nominalizations, voice systems). While the editors all work within the generative framework and investigate the syntactic properties of ergativity through fieldwork, and many of the chapters represent similar research, there are also chapters representing different frameworks (functional, typological) and different approaches (experimental, diachronic). The theoretical chapters touch on many different languages representing a wide range of language families, and there are sixteen case studies that are more descriptive in nature, attesting to both the pervasiveness and diversity of ergative patterns.

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27

Coon, Jessica. Aspects of Split Ergativity. Oxford University Press, 2013.

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28

Coon, Jessica. Aspects of Split Ergativity. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2013.

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29

Aspects Of Split Ergativity. Oxford University Press Inc, 2013.

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30

Milner, Martin, and Kristin L. Johannsen. World English Intro: Combo Split A + Combo Split A Student CD-ROM. National Geographic/(ELT), 2010.

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31

Splat Cat. Penguin Books, Limited, 2006.

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32

Doff, Adrian, and Christopher Jones. Language in Use Split Edition Intermediate Classroom book A (Language in Use). Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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33

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Grand Central Publishing, 2003.

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34

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Macmillan, 2003.

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35

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Grand Central Publishing, 2003.

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36

Split Second. Pan Books, 2004.

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37

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Grand Central, 2003.

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38

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Pan MacMillan, 2003.

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39

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Hachette Audio, 2007.

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40

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Pan Books, 2013.

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41

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Pan Macmillan, 2013.

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42

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Turtleback Books, 2004.

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43

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Pan Macmillan, 2009.

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44

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Pan Books, 2010.

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45

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Grand Central Publishing, 2021.

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46

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Grand Central Publishing, 2014.

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47

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Grand Central Publishing, 2015.

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48

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Grand Central Publishing, 2007.

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49

Baldacci, David. Split Second. Chivers Press, 2004.

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50

Split Second. Warner Vision Books, 2004.

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