Academic literature on the topic 'Splash phenomenon'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Splash phenomenon.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Splash phenomenon"
1
Song, Chen, Yuhua Pan, Ping Ma, Ming Zhao, and Tiancai Liu. "Numerical Simulation on the Influence of Submerged Combustion on Splashing and Heat Transfer in TSL Furnace." Metals 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020328.
Full textAbstract:
Bath smelting technologies based on top submerged lance (TSL) injection have been widely used for pyrometallurgical metal production and solid waste treatment. In this work, a two-dimensional CFD simulation model of a pilot-scale 300 kg TSL furnace was established and applied to investigate the slag splashing phenomenon caused by submerged gas injection and combustion, with a special focus on the effect of submerged combustion on bubble formation, splash generation, splash distribution and heat transfer in the top space of the TSL furnace. The slag splash amount and distribution, and the temperature distribution characteristics inside the TSL furnace, especially under the influence of submerged combustion, were predicted, and influences of lance immersion depth and total injection gas flowrate on the splash behavior and heat transfer were investigated. As the lance immersion depth increases, more splashes are generated that distribute more evenly in the furnace top space and consequently heat transfer is enhanced. A larger injection gas flowrate generally increases the splash amount but the effect becomes weak when the injection gas flowrate exceeds a certain level, and there exists an appropriate range in injection gas flowrate for achieving the best heat transfer efficiency in TSL furnace.
2
Beczek, Michał, Magdalena Ryżak, Rafał Mazur, Agata Sochan, Cezary Polakowski, and Andrzej Bieganowski. "Influence of slope incline on the ejection of two-phase soil splashed material." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): e0262203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262203.
Full textAbstract:
Soil splash is the first step in the process of water erosion, where impacting raindrops cause the detachment and transport of soil material. One of the factors that strongly influences the magnitude of soil splash is the incline of the surface (slope). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the slope on the course of the splash phenomenon caused by single-drop impact (one drop impact per soil sample), with respect to the mass and proportions of the ejected material, taking into account its division into solid and liquid phases i.e. soil and water. The investigation was carried out using three types of soil with different textures, in moistened (pressure head corresponding to -1.0 kPa) and air-dry (-1500 kPa) conditions. The soil samples were on three angles of slope, being 5°, 15°, and 30°, respectively. After a single-drop impact with a diameter of 4.2 mm, the ejected material was collected using a splash cup. The following quantities of splashed material were measured: the total mass, the mass of the solid phase, and the mass of the liquid phase. Additionally, the distribution and proportions (soil/water) of the splashed material were analysed in both the upslope and downslope directions. It was found that: (i) the change of slope had a variable influence on the measured quantities for different soils; (ii) in the case of moistened samples, the measured values were mainly influenced by the texture, while in the dry samples, by the angle of the slope; (iii) with the increase of slope, the splashed material was mostly ejected in the downslope direction (irrespective of moisture conditions); (iv) in the moistened samples, the ejected material consisted mostly of water, while in the dry samples it was soil—this occurred for material ejected both upslope and downslope. The obtained results are important for improving the physical description of the process of splash erosion. A more thorough understanding and better recognition of the mechanisms governing this phenomenon at all stages could contribute to the development of more effective methods for protecting soil against erosion.
3
Beczek, Michał, Magdalena Ryżak, Agata Sochan, Rafał Mazur, and Andrzej Bieganowski. "The mass ratio of splashed particles during raindrop splash phenomenon on soil surface." Geoderma 347 (August 2019): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.03.028.
Full text
4
Sochan, Agata, Krzysztof Lamorski, and Andrzej Bieganowski. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Drop Impact for a Multiphase System Formed by Two Immiscible Fluids." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093126.
Full textAbstract:
The multiphase splash phenomenon is especially interesting in the context of environmental protection, as it could be a mechanism for transporting various types of pollution. A numerical 3D multiphase transport model was applied to a splash that occurred under the impact of a petrol drop on the water surface. The splash phenomenon in immiscible liquids was simulated using the multiphaseInterFoam solver, i.e., a part of the OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics software implementing the finite volume method (FVM) for space discretization. Thirteen variants with a variable drop size (3.00–3.60 mm) or drop velocity (3.29–3.44 m/s) were conducted and validated experimentally based on splash images taken by a high-speed camera (2800 fps). Based on the numerical simulation, it was possible to analyse aspects that were difficult or impossible to achieve experimentally due to the limitations of the image analysis method. The aspects included the cavity spread, the jet forming moment, and, notably, the scale of the petroleum contamination spread in the splash effect. The simulations showed that droplets detaching from the crown did not consist of pure water but were mostly a “mixture” of water and petrol or petrol alone. The applied modelling workflow is an efficient way to simulate three-phase splash phenomena.
5
Meng, Yu, Shenglin Quan, Yali Guo, and Shengqiang Shen. "Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Liquid Droplet Impacting Flat and Circular Wires." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 6623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186623.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of droplets captured by the wire mesh demister in a seawater desalination system seriously affects the quality of water desalination. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the droplet impact in the wire mesh demister to improve the demister’s efficiency. In this paper, a two-dimensional model of the droplet impacting the wire is established. The processes of the droplet impacting a flat wire and a circular wire are simulated by using the VOF model in Fluent, and a comparative analysis is conducted. The results demonstrate that both wires experience spreading and splashing stages, but when the wire is circular, the length of the lifted lamella is longer, the peak force on the wall is larger, the splash’s start time is earlier, and the number of secondary droplets is greater; the variation rule of the force on the wall caused by the change of initial velocity is similar, and the increase in initial velocity will promote the occurrence of splash phenomenon, but the role of the initial velocity on the splash effect is more obvious for the circular wire; and when the droplet impacts the flat wire, the influence of incident angle on the critical splash velocity is non-monotonic, but the critical splash velocity increases with an increase in incident angle when the wire is circular.
6
Sanz Garcia, Jose Manuel, Manuel Romana Garcia, and Jose Antonio Ramos Garcia. "Influence of Texture on Drainability, Splash and Spray in Flexible Pavements." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 16, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2021-16.530.
Full textAbstract:
Although the splash and spray phenomenon produced by heavy trucks on road pavements is not a significant issue in relation to traffic safety, it may cause considerable inconveniences for those driving cars or motorbikes. This paper addresses the issue of pavement engineering with regard to surface characteristics; particularly pavement texture and its influence on water mobilization and projection in conditions of wet weather and heavy traffic. Considering the theoretical concept of pavement macrotexture, the analysis starts with the hypothesis concerning a relationship between Mean Profile Depth (MPD) and water splashed during rain. In order to focus on the impact of texture on splash and spray, a field experiment was carried out to test the hypothesis using 5 test tracks on a range of different pavement textures. The experiment was performed using a Traffic Speed Drain Meter (TSDM), which is a new drainability survey device presented to PIARC for approval. This equipment employs the laser and image technology and allows one to simultaneously obtain MPD and water splash data. The results of drainability and MPD were compared for each test track. Having analysed the pavements with different MPD ranges in the experiment, it has been concluded that MPD and water splashed apparently have an inversely proportional relationship. In addition, the TSDM proved to be a suitable equipment (repeatability) at an affordable cost (high performance of data collection). Finally, it has been concluded that there is a way to reduce splash and spray adjusting the infrastructure rather trying to solve the issue modifying vehicle moving modes. Therefore, if the issue is properly addressed by civil engineers and road managers, road safety in the areas of heavy rain may be improved at an affordable cost. The experiment presented here is considered a starting point opening the path for further research.
7
Andreotti, Riccardo, Sergio Abate, Andrea Casaroli, Mauro Quercia, Riccardo Fossati, and Marco V. Boniardi. "A Simplified ALE model for finite element simulation of ballistic impacts with bullet splash – development and experimental validation." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 15, no. 57 (June 22, 2021): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.57.17.
Full textAbstract:
An original simplified finite element model is proposed to simulate the effects of non-penetrating ballistic impacts causing the so-called bullet splash phenomenon (complete bullet fragmentation), while no fragmentation is caused to the target. The model is based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation (ALE) and it simulates the impact as a fluid-structure interaction. The bullet splash phenomenon has been tested by experimental analyses of AISI 304L plates impacted by 9x21 FMJ (full metal jacket) bullets. The model has been developed with the aim of creating a simplified approach to be used in the industry and forensic sciences to simulate the non-penetrating interaction of soft impactors with hard targets. Comparisons between evidence and simulation results lead to the conclusion that the proposed approach can be used in a conservative way to estimate both local and global effects of bullet-splash phenomena.
8
Ryżak, Magdalena, Andrzej Bieganowski, and Cezary Polakowski. "Effect of Soil Moisture Content on the Splash Phenomenon Reproducibility." PLOS ONE 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2015): e0119269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119269.
Full text
9
Papierowska, Ewa, Rafał Mazur, Tomasz Stańczyk, Michał Beczek, Joanna Szewińska, Agata Sochan, Magdalena Ryżak, Jan Szatyłowicz, and Andrzej Bieganowski. "Influence of leaf surface wettability on the drop splash phenomenon." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 279 (December 2019): 107762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107762.
Full text
10
van der Meer, Devaraj. "Wrapping up a century of splashes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 800 (June 29, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.328.
Full textAbstract:
Few fluid phenomena are as beautiful, fragile and ephemeral as the crown splash that is created by the impact of an object on a liquid. The crown-shaped phenomenon and the physics behind it have mesmerised and intrigued scientists for over a century, and still the scientific world has not yet uncovered all of the secrets of the splash. This is exemplified in a particularly striking manner in Marston et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 794, 2016, pp. 506–529) where a 6 m tall vacuum chamber is employed to study the splash formed upon impact of a sphere onto a deep liquid pool, at both atmospheric and reduced ambient pressures. They shed light into the classical problem of the surface seal and study the buckling of the splash. With an almost magical touch they devise a method to create a splash without the liquid and the sphere ever coming into contact. The images that accompany the paper – taken with state-of-the-art high-speed cameras – are as stunning as the physics that is uncovered in them.
Books on the topic "Splash phenomenon"
1
Ospanova, S. M. ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES MANUFACTURING OF METAL STRUCTURES WITH CORE ELEMENTS. RS Global S. z O.O., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal/047.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph analyzes various welded metal structures. The design of reinforcing cages of round, hot-rolled, cold-rolled, cold-flattened steel of periodic profile has been studied. During the welding process, the possibility of splashes has been established that affects the strength of the welded joint, and is associated with large energy losses. This phenomenon is accepted as an indicator of the quality of the welding process. The process of heating by contact welding of crossed round rods is described. It was found that the higher the current, the relatively later the limiting state sets in, the shorter the welding duration and the less the possibility of overheating the nearcontact region. Issues of rational technology of resistance welding of reinforced concrete reinforcement have been developed. The parameters of the mode of electric contact welding of crossing round rods are determined. The publication may be of interest to a wide range of readers interested in the problem of studying energy-saving technologies for the manufacture of metal structures with rod elements, including researchers, teachers and students of higher educational institutions in the field of energy conservation.
Book chapters on the topic "Splash phenomenon"
1
Gloerfeld, Mark, Markus Schremb, Antonio Criscione, Suad Jakirlic, and Cameron Tropea. "Impact of Supercooled Drops onto Cold Surfaces." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 311–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_16.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIce accretion resulting from the impact of supercooled water drops is a hazard for structures exposed to low temperatures, for instance aircraft wings and wind turbine blades. Despite a multitude of studies devoted to the involved phenomena, the underlying physical processes are not yet entirely understood. Hence, modelling of the conditions for ice accretion and prediction of the ice accretion rate are presently not reliable. The research conducted in this study addresses these deficiencies in order to lend insight into the physical processes involved. While presenting an overview of results obtained during the first funding periods of this project, new results are also presented, relating to the impact of supercooled drops onto a cold surface in a cold air flow. The experiments are conducted in a dedicated icing wind tunnel and involve measuring the residual mass after impact of a liquid supercooled drop exhibiting corona splash as well as the impact of dendritic frozen drops onto a solid surface.
2
Puig-Centelles, Anna, Nicolau Sunyer, Oscar Ripolles, Miguel Chover, and Mateu Sbert. "Rain Simulation in Dynamic Scenes." In Innovative Design and Creation of Visual Interfaces, 291–305. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0285-4.ch018.
Full textAbstract:
Rain is a complex phenomenon and its simulation is usually very costly. In this article, the authors propose a fully-GPU rain simulation based on the utilization of particle systems. The flexibility of CUDA allows the authors to include, aside from the rainfall simulation, a system for the detection and handling of the collisions of particles against the scenario. This detection system allows for the simulation of splashes at the same time. This system obtains a very high performance because of the hardware programming capabilities of CUDA.
3
John Tekwa, Ijasini, and Abubakar Musa Kundiri. "Evaluation of Soil Erosion and Its Prediction Protocols around the Hilly Areas of Mubi Region, Northeast Nigeria." In Soil Science - Emerging Technologies, Global Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100477.
Full textAbstract:
Soil erosion is a severe degradation phenomena that has since received huge attention among earth scientists in the developed worlds, and same efforts are now extending to Africa and other parts of underdeveloped worlds. This chapter focuses on collation, analyzing and appraising of soil ero¬sion studies around Mubi region, Northeast Nigeria, where the Mandara mountain ranges is notably responsible for spurring soil erosion. This chapter reviewed reports on the: (a) Mubi regional soil properties, erosion processes and principles of their occurrence, (b) soil erosion predictions using empirical and physically-based models by researchers, and, (c) economicimplications and managements of soil erosion in the region. This chapter reveals that classical and rill/ephemeral gully (EG) erosion features received more research attention than surface erosion such as splash and sheet. No information was reported on effects of landslides/slumping noticeable along rivers/stream banks around the region. The few economic analysis reported for soil nutrient and sediments entrained by concentrated flow channels were very high and intolerable to the predominantly peasant farmers in the region. It is hoped that the considerable volumes of erosion researches and recommendations assembled in this chapter shall be carefully implemented by prospective farmers, organizations, and residents in the Mubi region.
Conference papers on the topic "Splash phenomenon"
1
Allocca, L., L. Andreassi, and S. Ubertini. "Enhanced Splash Models for High Pressure Diesel Sprays." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95716.
Full textAbstract:
Mixture preparation is a crucial aspect for the correct operation of modern DI Diesel engines as it greatly influences and alters the combustion process and therefore, the exhaust emissions. The complete comprehension of the spray impingement phenomenon is a quite complete task and to completely exploit the phenomenon a mixed numerical-experimental approach has to be considered. On the modeling side, several studies can be found in the scientific literature but only in the last years complete multidimensional modeling has been developed and applied to engine simulations. Among the models available in literature, in this paper, the models by Bai and Gosman [1] and by Lee et al. [2, 3] have been selected and implemented in the KIVA-3V code. On the experimental side, the behavior of a Diesel impinging spray emerging from a common rail injection system (injection pressures of 80 MPa and 120 MPa) has been analysed. The impinging spray has been lightened by a pulsed laser sheet generated from the second harmonic of a Nd-YAG laser. The images have been acquired by a CCD camera at different times from the start of injection (SOI). Digital image processing software has enabled to extract the characteristic parameters of the impinging spray with respect to different operating conditions. The comparison of numerical and experimental data shows that both models should be modified in order to allow a proper simulation of the splash phenomena in modern Diesel engines. Then the numerical data in terms of radial growth, height and shape of the splash cloud, as predicted by modified versions of the models are compared to the experimental ones. Differences among the models are highlighted and discussed.
2
Pelerin, Jean-Luc, David Terribile, Emmanuel Sergent, and Gerard Fernandez. "Suction Pile Splash Zone Crossing Modelling." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19089.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract One of the critical phases that drive allowable seastates during suction pile installation is the splash zone crossing (SPZC). Offshore experience shows that anticipated loads and slack events are often over predicted, which directly affect installation vessel operability. If conservatism is required to prevent damaging installation assets, a better risk balance is required to avoid unnecessary asset stand-by. Despite the above, basin tests have shown that the peak load/slack criteria can also be under-estimated with the current methodology which may lead to a dangerous situation offshore. Because the applicable methodology is regardless of the installation crane capacity (i.e. slack) and because it does not account for the entrapped water dynamics, it cannot accurately predict the loads on the crane. We present here a physics based model of the free surface inside the suction pile that provides the loads applied on the crane while crossing the splash zone. This allows mitigation to be incorporated from day-1 of design phase and avoid late change from installation contractor while pile are fabricated and increase their vessel operability in the meantime. The model accounts for the entrapped air compressibility, the air/water flow through the pile openings, the vessel motion and the surrounding wave field. The numerical implementation has been performed in Python and packaged as an Orcaflex module. Some of the model physical parameters such as the opening pressure drop coefficients have been derived with the help of CFD. The impact of the free surface on the pile top cap is modelled as a polynomial function of the impact velocity and the coefficients values have been derived using CFD. The model has been validated against model tests and compared to field measurements and observations. The numerical results have shown good agreement with both model tests and offshore measurements at a qualitative level (the observed phenomenon are properly reproduced) and at a quantitative level. The application of the validated model to projects will allow broadening of the operating envelope and the optimization of the installation vessel planning by reducing the standby time. This new methodology shows some high potential and could be applied to projects on a more regular basis.
3
Kitabayashi, Sota, Koji Enoki, and Tomio Okawa. "Experiments on the Splashing Limit During Drop Impact Onto a Thin Liquid Film." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67021.
Full textAbstract:
The phenomenon of secondary droplet production during single drop impingement onto a liquid film is encountered in many industrial situations. Typical examples in the field of nuclear engineering are the spray cooling of hot surface and the atomization of radioactive liquids in severe accident. Therefore, the prediction of the onset of secondary droplet production is very important. It is known that the two types of droplet splashing mechanisms are present: the prompt splash and the late splash. The main purpose of this research is to determine the splashing limit separately for the prompt splash and the late splash. It is expected that the splashing limits are expressed using the three dimensionless numbers: the Weber number, the Ohnesorge number, and the dimensionless film thickness. Experiments were hence carried out using pure water and silicone oil as the working liquid. The experimental ranges were 129–606 for the Weber number, 0.00183–0.00300 for the Ohnesorge number, and 0.13–3.0 for the dimensionless film thickness. It was found that the occurrence of splashing can be predicted more accurately if the splashing limit is evaluated separately for the prompt splash and the late splash.
4
Fukumoto, M., I. Ohgitani, M. Shiiba, and T. Yasui. "Effect of Substrate Surface Change by Heating on Transition in Flattening Behavior of Thermal Sprayed Particles." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0246.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the thermal spraying of powder materials, it has been observed in practice that the splat shape changes to a disk type from a splash type with increases in the substrate temperature. However, the details of the substrate surface change due to the heating has not been fully characterized. In this study, an AISI 304 stainless steel substrate surface heated to 673K was analyzed precisely by atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy. The results obtained revealed that the change of the substrate surface occurred not in the chemical composition but mainly in the surface roughness, especially surface morphology in nano-meter scale. Hence, substrate heating may bring about the change in substrate surface and this change induces the transition phenomenon.
5
Liu, Huaxing, Soon Keat Tan, Jing Li, and Xikun Wang. "Three Dimensional Simulation of Bore Flow Using SPH." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-21090.
Full textAbstract:
Tidal bore is a fascinating and powerful hydraulic phenomenon. In this paper, the tidal bore’s process is studied using 3D Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) model. The Lagrangian nature of SPH suits well to the modeling of the complex fluid flow phenomenon. In the SPH method, the Navier-Stokes equations are discretized with fluid particles in the Lagrangine sense. Boundary conditions, including both no slip wall and bottom wall, are implemented using dynamic boundary particles. Using SPH, the bore’s generation together with its traverse along the channel are presented, including the description of flow field and bore’s configuration. Different types of bores’ behavior are investigated. It is observed that there is a splash of water surge up the wall and the front of the bore becomes a breaker wave when the initial water column travels at high speed. The velocity field and bore heights at different locations are visualized and discussed as well.
6
Sobolev, V. V., and J. M. Guilemany. "Effect of Wetting and Surface Phenomena on Development of Coatings in Thermal Spraying." In ITSC 1999, edited by E. Lugscheider and P. A. Kammer. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1999p0655.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Wetting between the spreading droplet and the substrate plays an important role in the droplet flattening because it affects not only the surface effects but also the contact thermal resistance at the splat-substrate interface which is an important parameter for the development of the coating structure. In this paper, analytical formulas are determined which show the influence of wetting phenomena on the thickness or the radius of the splash, on the pressure developed upon drop impact and on the splash porosity. An effect of surface tension on the flattening parameters is investigated. The results obtained show good agreement with the experimental data. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
7
Hetrick, Todd M., Suzanne A. Smyth, Russell A. Ogle, and Juan C. Ramirez. "Evaluating the Potential for Flashing Discharge From Small Engine Fuel Tanks." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39527.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores an infrequently encountered hazard associated with liquid fuel tanks on gasoline-powered equipment using non-vented fuel caps. Depending on the location of fuel reserve tanks, waste heat from the engine or other vehicle systems can warm the fuel during operation. In the event that the fuel cap is not vented and if the fuel is sufficiently heated, the liquid fuel may become superheated and pose a splash hazard if the fuel cap is suddenly removed. Accident reports often describe the ejection of liquid from the fuel tank opening as a geyser. This geyser is a transient, two-phase flow, vertical jet of flashing liquid. This could create a fire hazard as the geyser could result in splashing flammable liquid onto any bystanders. Many fuel tank systems are vented to ambient through the fuel tank cap and, in addition, may incorporate other features that contribute to pressure relief. Venting of the pressurized vapor inhibits the vapor-liquid mixture in the fuel tank from achieving thermodynamic equilibrium, thus preventing the formation of a superheated liquid. It has been empirically determined that flashing two-phase flow can be prevented by keeping the fuel tank pressure below 1.5 psig. However, if the cap is not vented or vents at a lesser rate than the rate of liquid vaporization, pressure in the tank can rise and the flammable liquid can become superheated. This phenomenon is explored here to facilitate a better understanding of how the hazard is created. The nature of the hazard is explained using thermodynamic concepts. The differences in behavior between a closed system and an open system are discussed and then illustrated through experimental results obtained from two sources: experiments with externally heated fuel containers and operation of a gasoline-powered riding lawn mower. The role of the vented fuel cap in preventing the geyser phenomenon is demonstrated.
8
Yang, Sheng-Hsueh, Shenq-Yuh Jaw, and Keh-Chia Yeh. "PIV Measurements of Cavitation Bubble Collapse Flow Induced by Pressure Wave." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37303.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, a single cavitation bubble is generated by rotating a U-tube filled with water. A series of bubble collapse flows induced by pressure waves of different strengths are investigated by positioning the cavitation bubble at different stand-off distances to a solid boundary. Particle images of bubble collapse flow recorded by high speed CCD camera are analyzed by multi-grid, iterative particle image distortion method. Detail velocity variations of the transient bubble collapse flow are obtained. It is found that a Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex is formed when a liquid jet penetrates the bubble surface. If the bubble center to the solid boundary is within one to three times of the bubble radius, the liquid jet is able to impinge the solid boundary to form a stagnation ring. The fluid inside the stagnation ring will be squeezed toward the center of the ring to form a counter jet. At certain critical position, the bubble collapse flow will produce a Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex, the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, or the generation of a counter jet flow, depending on the strengths of the pressure waves. If the bubble surface is in contact with the solid boundary, the liquid jet can only splash inside-out without producing the stagnation ring and the counter jet. The complex phenomenon of cavitation bubble collapse flows is clearly manifested in this study.
9
Castillo-Orozco, Eduardo, Ashkan Davanlou, Pretam K. Choudhury, and Ranganathan Kumar. "On the Impact of Liquid Drops on Immiscible Liquids." In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2016-8059.
Full textAbstract:
The release of liquid hydrocarbons into the water is one of the environmental issues that have attracted more attention after deepwater horizon oil spill in Gulf of Mexico. The understanding of the interaction between liquid droplets impacting on an immiscible fluid is important for cleaning up oil spills as well as the demulsification process. Here we study the impact of low-viscosity liquid drops on high-viscosity liquid pools, e.g. water and ethanol droplets on a silicone oil 10cSt bath. We use an ultrafast camera and image processing to provide a detailed description of the impact phenomenon. Our observations suggest that viscosity and density ratio of the two media play a major role in the post-impact behavior. When the droplet density is larger than that of the pool, additional cavity is generated inside the pool. However, if the density of the droplet is lower than the pool, droplet momentary penetration may be facilitated by high impact velocities. In crown splash regime, the pool properties as well as drop properties play an important role. In addition, the appearance of the central jet is highly affected by the properties of the impacting droplet. In general, the size of generated daughter droplets as well as the thickness of the jet is reduced compared to the impact of droplets with the pool of an identical fluid.
10
Ghafouri-Azar, Reza, and San S. Ho. "Analysis of Corrosion Fatigue for the Deaerator Heater Tanks in Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61280.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout the world, failures of deaerators and associated storage vessels in thermal power plants have been reported. In 2004 a through wall crack was discovered at one of the Ontario Power Generation (OPG) thermal stations raising whether CANDU nuclear plant deaerators are at risk to similar failure mechanisms. The cause of cracking in the thermal plant was identified as corrosion fatigue cracking. The cracking area of the DA heater tank in the plant was located at the vicinity of the weld connecting the splash plate to the vessel wall. This plate divides the vessel into two compartments. The upper compartment of the tank is filled with condensate water coming from Low Pressure (LP) Heaters. The lower compartment contains steam fed by the LP turbine. In addition, condensate spray nozzles are mounted on this plate. To analyze this phenomenon and assess its potential risk for the nuclear plants, a Finite Element model of the DA heater tank cross section was created. Using the design conditions and operating transients measured during DA cycling, stress and fatigue analyses for the area susceptible for corrosion fatigue cracking were carried out. The criteria of ASME Sec VIII, Div. 2 were used for the analysis. It was concluded that CANDU nuclear plant deaerators are not susceptible to corrosion fatigue cracking during their life cycles because of their low operating cycles and less harsh working environment.