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Journal articles on the topic 'Spirurida'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Moravec, František, and Liesl L. Van As. "Studies on some spirurids (Nematoda: Spirurida) from fishes of the Okavango River, Botswana." Systematic Parasitology 91, no. 2 (May 12, 2015): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-015-9565-0.

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2

Gibbons, L. M., P. K. Nicholls, T. Bailey, and J. Samour. "Paraspiralatus sakeri n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Spiruroidea, Spirocercidae) from saker falcons, Falco cherrug in Saudi Arabia and the first report of larvae from the subcutaneous tissues of houbara bustards, Chlamydotis undulata macqueeni in Pakistan." Journal of Helminthology 78, no. 1 (March 2004): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2003209.

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AbstractA new nematode genus and species, Paraspiralatus sakeri , is described from the stomach of a wild-caught, female saker falcon in Saudi Arabia. This spirurid differs from the nearest genus and species Spiralatus baeri Chabaud, Brygoo & Durette, 1963 in the shape of the pseudolabia, shape of the buccal capsule and absence of a large cephalic vesicle. In addition, third stage spirurid larvae were recovered for the first time from subcutaneous tissues of two houbara bustards. These had died in the Rahim Yar Khan Rehabilitation Center (Houbara Foundation International, Lahore, Pakistan) in Pakistan and were examined at the National Avian Research Center in the United Arab Emirates. The morphology of the larvae and host pathology are described. Comparative studies with the adult spirurids from the saker falcon showed each to have similar cephalic and pharyngeal morphological features to the adults described indicating they are probably the same species. Spirurid nematodes of the suborder Spirurina normally have an arthropod intermediate host. In view of the host, the site from which the larvae were recovered and the fact that this is a rare occurrence, the houbara bustard is considered to be a paratenic host.

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3

Chen, Fanglin, Hong Zou, Xiao Jin, Dong Zhang, Wenxiang Li, Ming Li, Shangong Wu, and Guitang Wang. "Sequencing of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Pingus sinensis (Spirurina: Quimperiidae): Gene Arrangements and Phylogenetic Implications." Genes 12, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111772.

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Despite several decades of intensive research on spirurine nematodes, molecular data on some of the main lineages are still absent, which makes taxonomic classification insufficiently resolved. In the present study, we sequenced the first complete mitogenome for the family Quimperiidae, belonging to P. sinensis (Spirurina: Quimperiidae), a parasite living in the intestines of snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus). The circular mitogenome is 13,874 bp long, and it contains the standard nematode gene set: 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 12 protein-coding genes. There are also two long non-coding regions (NCR), in addition to only 8 other intergenic regions, ranging in size from 1 to 58 bp. To investigate its phylogenetic position and study the relationships among other available Spirurina, we performed the phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood approaches by concatenating the nucleotide sequences of all 36 genes on a dataset containing all available mitogenomes of the suborder Spirurina from NCBI and compared with gene order phylogenies using the MLGO program. Both supported the closer relationship of Ascaridoidea to Seuratoidea than to Spiruroidea. Pingus formed a sister-group with the Cucullanus genus. The results provide a new insights into the relationships within Spirurina.

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4

Ivanova, E. S., N. E. Dokuchaev, and S. E. Spiridonov. "Antechiniella septentrionalis n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae), a new intestinal nematode parasite of the tundra vole Microtus oeconomus (Pallas) (Rodentia: Muridae) in the north-east of Russia." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 04 (May 15, 2018): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x18000457.

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AbstractAntechiniella septentrionalis n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae) is described from the duodenum of a tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas), collected in the Magadan region in the north-east part of Russia. It differs from A. suffodiax (Beveridge & Barker, 1975) and A. sertatum Smales, 1991 mainly in having a larger number of postcloacal papillae (5–6 pairs vs 4 pairs), a differently shaped left spicule, the disposition of precloacal papillae in two rows vs one, and oblong vs oval eggs. Other differences include the different disposition of ovaries in A. septentrionalis n. sp and A. suffodiax and the different structure of deirids in A. septentrionalis n. sp. and A. sertatum. The new species was characterized molecularly (partial sequences for 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA). The phylogenetic analyses performed showed the affinity of the new species to the members of the Acuariidae and other spirurid nematodes.

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5

NADLER, S. A., R. A. CARRENO, H. MEJÍA-MADRID, J. ULLBERG, C. PAGAN, R. HOUSTON, and J. P. HUGOT. "Molecular phylogeny of clade III nematodes reveals multiple origins of tissue parasitism." Parasitology 134, no. 10 (May 17, 2007): 1421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182007002880.

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SUMMARYMolecular phylogenetic analyses of 113 taxa representing Ascaridida, Rhigonematida, Spirurida and Oxyurida were used to infer a more comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for representatives of ‘clade III’. The posterior probability of multiple alignment sites was used to exclude or weight characters, yielding datasets that were analysed using maximum parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Phylogenetic results were robust to differences among inference methods for most high-level taxonomic groups, but some clades were sensitive to treatments of characters reflecting differences in alignment ambiguity. Taxa representing Camallanoidea, Oxyurida, Physalopteroidea, Raphidascarididae, and Skrjabillanidae were monophyletic in all 9 analyses whereas Ascaridida, Ascarididae, Anisakidae, Cosmocercoidea, Habronematoidea, Heterocheilidae, Philometridae, Rhigonematida and Thelazioidea were never monophyletic. Some clades recovered in all trees such as Dracunculoidea and Spirurina included the vast majority of their sampled species, but were non-monophyletic due to the consistent behaviour of one or few ‘rogue’ taxa. Similarly, 102 of 103 clade III taxa were strongly supported as monophyletic, yet clade III was paraphyletic due to the grouping of Truttaedacnitis truttae with the outgroups. Mapping of host ‘habitat’ revealed that tissue-dwelling localization of nematode adults has evolved independently at least 3 times, and relationships among Spirurina and Camallanina often reflected tissue predilection rather than taxonomy.

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6

Otašević, Suzana, Marija Trenkić Božinović, Aleksandar Tasić, Aleksandar Petrović, and Vladimir Petrović. "Thelazia Callipaeda and Eye Infections." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afmnai-2014-0021.

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Summary Eye infections can be caused by metazoans - helminths and for long this parasitosis was believed to spread only in tropical regions of the world. Lately, mostly subconjunctival infections of adults or immature forms of D. repens, which is nematoda- filaria of canids, have been described and the man is just an accidental host. The genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) comprises a cosmopolitan group of eye worm spirurids responsible for eye infections of domestic and wild animals and humans, carried by different kinds of flies. Nematodes localized in the conjunctival space, lacrimal canals and surrounding ocular tissues of humans can cause symptoms from mild to very serious and severe ones if not treated. The chief aim of this paper was to describe the morphological characteristics, life cycle, prevalence and clinical significance of Thelazia spp. as a parasite of the eye. To ensure the diagnosis of thelasiosis and appropriate treatment, it is necessary to have continuing medical reports and increase the awareness of this infection.

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7

Chabaud, Alain G., and Odile Bain. "The evolutionary expansion of the Spirurida." International Journal for Parasitology 24, no. 8 (December 1994): 1179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(94)90190-2.

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8

Lopes Torres, E. J., A. Maldonado, and R. Marisa Lanfredi. "Spirurids from Gracilinanus agilis (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in Brazilian Pantanal wetlands with a new species of Physaloptera (Nematoda: Spirurida)." Veterinary Parasitology 163, no. 1-2 (July 2009): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.046.

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9

Moravec, František, and Jean-Lou Justine. "New records of spirurid nematodes (Nematoda, Spirurida, Guyanemidae, Philometridae & Cystidicolidae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia, with redescriptions of two species and erection of Ichthyofilaroides n. gen." Parasite 27 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020003.

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Recent examinations of spirurid nematodes (Spirurida) from deep-sea or coral reef marine fishes off New Caledonia, collected in the years 2006–2009, revealed the presence of the following five species: Ichthyofilaroides novaecaledoniensis (Moravec et Justine, 2009) n. gen., n. comb. (transferred from Ichthyofilaria Yamaguti, 1935) (females) (Guyanemidae) from the deep-sea fish Hoplichthys citrinus (Hoplichthyidae, Scorpaeniformes), Philometra sp. (male fourth-stage larva and mature female) (Philometridae) from Epinephelus maculatus (Serranidae, Perciformes), Ascarophis (Dentiascarophis) adioryx Machida, 1981 (female) (Cystidicolidae) from Sargocentron spiniferum (Holocentridae, Beryciformes), Ascarophis (Ascarophis) nasonis Machida, 1981 (males and females) from Naso lituratus and N. unicornis (Acanthuridae, Perciformes), and Ascarophisnema tridentatum Moravec et Justine, 2010 (female) from Gymnocranius grandoculis (Lethrinidae, Perciformes). Two species, I. novaecaledoniensis and A. nasonis, are redescribed based on light microscopical (LM) and scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examinations, the latter used in these species for the first time. Morphological data on the specimen of A. tridentatum from the new host species are provided. Philometra sp. (from E. maculatus) most probably represents a new gonad-infecting species of this genus. The newly established genus Ichthyofilaroides n. gen. is characterized mainly by the presence of a small buccal capsule and by the number and distribution of cephalic papillae in the female; it is the sixth genus in the Guyanemidae.

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10

Kachamakova, Maria, Yasen Mutafchiev, Pavel N. Nikolov, and Yordan Koshev. "Conservation of Host, Translocation of Parasites—Monitoring of Helminths during Population Reinforcement of the European Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus citellus)." Diversity 15, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020266.

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Gastrointestinal helminth parasites can be transferred during conservation translocations and impact their outcome. The current study applied non-invasive coprological sampling to investigate the helminth infection rates and dynamics in translocated and resident European ground squirrels, during and after a population reinforcement. The FLOTAC method was calibrated and applied for the first time for the target species. In the studied coprological samples, helminth eggs belonging to Acanthocephala and Nematoda were found; the latter were morphologically identified as belonging to the families Capillariidae (Enoplida) and Trichostrongylidae (Strongylida) and superfamily Spiruroidea (Spirurida). The overall helminth prevalence and their diversity were higher in the donor colony compared to the resident one before the reinforcement. Pronounced seasonal dynamics in the parasite prevalence and diversity were observed, and their values were considerably lower in spring than in summer in both translocated and resident hosts. A year after the start of the translocation, the helminth prevalence and number of species detected in the reinforced colony had increased significantly. This is in accordance with epidemiological models and other empirical studies that predict a positive relationship between the population density of a host and the prevalence and species richness of parasites.

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11

Carlos Leite, Luiz, Silvana Maris Cirio, Valter Da Silva Queiroz, Mario Antonio Navarro da Silva, Ennio Luz, Hermínio De Paula Molinari, João Maria Ferraz Diniz, et al. "DIROFILARIOSE CANINA: REVISÃO DE UMA ZOONOSE EMERGENTE." Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2006): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/cienciaanimal.v4i4.9522.

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O nematóide Dirofilaria immitis (LEIDY, 1856) (Spirurida: Oncocercidae) é um parasita encontrado no ventrículo direito e artéria pulmonar de carnívoros domésticos e selvagens e de outros animais como coelhos e cavalos. As lesões causam problemas cardiopulmonares severos e a morte de alguns animais. Esta revisão abrange os aspectos gerais, ciclo biológico, vetores potenciais, prevenção e controle da Dirofilaria immitis.

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12

Akramova, Firuza D., Dzhalaliddin A. Azimov, Erkinzhon B. Shakarboev, Ulugbek A. Shakarbaev, Adolat U. Mirzaeva, Feruza E. Safarova, Islom M. Arepbaev, and Mukhammediyar Sh Toremuratov. "Ecological and Faunistic Analysis of Spirurida Order Nematodes – Zooparasites of Uzbekistan." Russian Journal of Parasitology 13, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2019-13-3-11-24.

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13

Akramova, Safarov, Abdinabiev, and Azimov. "HELMINTHS OF DOGS CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS OF UZBEKISTAN." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 23 (April 18, 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.32-37.

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Domestic carnivores – dogs are often infected with parasites that are dangerous to themselves and to many farm animals, as well as to humans. We have found that dogs of rural and urban populations in Uzbekistan are significantly infested with helminths. Of the 399 individuals of the examined dogs, helminths were found in 378, which is 94.9%. The helminths found during their identification turned out to be representatives of 32 species belonging to 4 classes – Cestoda, Trematoda, Acanthocephala and Nematoda. According to the number of species on the territory of Uzbekistan, nematodes predominate from the groups of helminths under consideration – 18 species. They are distributed among seven orders: Trichocephalida (2 families, 2 genera, 2 species), Ascaridida (2 families, 2 genera, 2 species), Spirurida (5 families, 5 genera, 9 species) and Dioctophymida, Rhabditida, Strongylida, Pseudaliida, which are represented by one family. For the noted nematode species, dogs are definitive hosts. Among the orders of nematodes, the largest number of species has the order Spirurida (9 species). Original data on the structure of the helminth fauna of dogs of rural and urban populations are presented. The study was conducted by the method of complete helminthological autopsies of dogs and individual organs.

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14

Perez-Calderon, J. A. "Occurrence of nematode parasites in Calocaris macandreae (Crustacea: Decapoda) from an Irish Sea population." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, no. 2 (May 1986): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400042934.

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INTRODUCTIONA number of nematodes are known to develop in decapod crustaceans. These parasite nematodes are present in the coelom of the host either free or surrounded by different types of host cells. All belong to the order Ascaridida or Spirurida and most of them develop only to the third larval stage in the decapod host; further development takes place in a predator of the crustacean which is generally a teleost or elasmobranch (Berland, 1961; Ouspenskaia, 1960; Petter, 1970; Poinar & Kuris, 1975;Uspenskaja, 1953; Yamaguti, 1961). The life-cycle in most cases is not fully understood. Ouspenskaia (1960) and Uspenskaja (1953, 1963) deduced the life-cycle for Ascarophis morrhuae van Beneden and A. filiformis Poljanski in the Barents Sea by relating the larvae found in decapod crustaceans through affinity of characters to the adults present in cod (Gadus morhua L.) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.). Similarly, the life-cycle of the spirurid Proleptus obtusus was described by Lloyd (1928); the larvae occur in a decapod crustacean, usually the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus L. and in some cases the shore crab Carcinus maenas L. and the adults are found in the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). A more complex life-cycle has been proposed for some anisakids such as Anisakis, Contracaecum and Hysterothylacium (Berland, 1961; Norris & Overstreet, 1976; Wootten, 1978) in which more than one intermediate host is required.

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15

Kirillov, A. A., and N. Yu Kirillova. "First finding of spirurid larva (Chromadorea, Spirurida) in the common European viper Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Russian fauna." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 818, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/818/1/012017.

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16

Mutafchiev, Yasen, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Alessio Giannelli, Francesca Abramo, Elias Papadopoulos, Luís Cardoso, Helder Cortes, and Domenico Otranto. "Redescription of Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) with histopathological observations." Parasites & Vectors 6, no. 1 (2013): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-309.

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17

Naem, S., H. Seifi, and G. T. Simon. "Scanning Electron Microscopy of Adult Gongylonema pulchrum (Nematoda: Spirurida)." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 47, no. 4 (May 2000): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2000.00347.x.

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18

Gao, Jun-Feng, Mei-Ru Hou, Yu-Chao Cui, and Tong-Rui Shi. "The complete mitochondrial genome of Setaria labiatepapillosa (Spirurida: Setariidae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 1632–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1544052.

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19

Appy, Ralph G. "Development of Oral Structure in Salmonema emphemeridarum (Nematoda: Spirurida: Cystidicolidae)." Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences 116, no. 1 (April 2017): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3160/soca-116-01-51-53.1.

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20

Naem, Soraya. "Equine stomach worm, Drashia megastoma (Spirurida: Habronematidae): first SEM report." Parasitology Research 101, no. 4 (May 10, 2007): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0558-z.

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21

Fagerholm, Hans-Peter, and Eric Butterworth. "Ascarophis sp. (Nematoda: Spirurida) attaining sexual maturity inGammarus spp. (Crustacea)." Systematic Parasitology 12, no. 2 (September 1988): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00000147.

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22

EDERLI, NICOLE BRAND. "Lispirurus nom. nov. for Sicarius Li, 1934 (Nematoda, Spirurida) preoccupied by Sicarius Walckenaer, 1847 (Arthropoda, Arachnida)." Zootaxa 4323, no. 3 (September 22, 2017): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4323.3.5.

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The generic name Lispirurus Ederli, nom. nov. for Sicarius Li, 1934 (Nematoda, Spirurida), is a homonym of the generic name Sicarius Walckenaer, 1847 (Arthropoda, Arachnida). The genus Sicarius Walckenaer, 1847 was originally erected for spiders, commonly known as six-eyed sand spiders, and contains 25 species, while the genus Sicarius Li, 1934 was erected to include some Habronematinae nematode species, which some of them were transferred to the genus Procyrnea. Thus, actually, the new genus Lispirurus, is composed of a total of 4 species, with L. dipterum as the type species.

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23

Gritsyuk, O. V. "HUMAN DRACUNCULIASIS - A RARE TROPICAL HELMINTHIASIS." Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, no. 2 (2023): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33092/0025-8326mp2023.2.58-63.

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The review presents current data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, interaction between the parasite and the host, the pathology of dracunculiasis with a description of rare cases of atypical course of the disease. The current status and future prospects for vector control and elimination strategies are also described. The information collected in this article is presented to raise the awareness of medical professionals in order to quickly diagnose and effectively treat patients, as well as to prevent invasion of both humans and animals. Key words: dracunculiasis, Guinea worm disease, Dracunculus medinensis, Africa, spirurida, neglected diseases.

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Iorio, Raffaella, Jan Šlapeta, Domenico Otranto, Barbara Paoletti, Annunziata Giangaspero, and Donato Traversa. "Phylogenetic relationships of Habronema microstoma and Habronema muscae (Spirurida: Habronematidae) within the order Spirurida inferred using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene analysis." Parasitology Research 104, no. 5 (December 5, 2008): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-1276-x.

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25

Behnke, J. M., C. J. Barnard, N. Mason, P. D. Harris, N. E. Sherif, S. Zalat, and F. S. Gilbert. "Intestinal helminths of spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus dimidiatus) from St Katherine's Protectorate in the Sinai, Egypt." Journal of Helminthology 74, no. 1 (March 2000): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00000056.

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AbstractSpiny mice,Acomys cahirinus dimidiatus, inhabiting the wadis close to St Katherine in the mountains of the Sinai peninsula, were trapped and their helminth parasites were studied. Sixty one mice provided faeces for analysis and 27 were killed and autopsied. Six species of helminths were recorded (the spirurid nematodes,Protospirura muricola(74.1%) andMastophorus muris(11.1%), the oxyuroid nematodes,Dentostomella kuntzi(59.3%),Aspiculuris africana(3.7%), andSyphacia minuta(3.7%) and the hymenolepidid cestodeRodentolepis negevi(18.5%)). The spirurids were the dominant species present, accounting for up to 0.87% of total host body weight. Analysis of worm weights and lengths suggested that transmission had been taking place in the months preceding our study. No sex difference in the prevalence or abundance of spirurids was detected. Significant differences were identified in the abundance of total nematode burdens and the mean helminth species richness between the three wadis which provided multiple captures of mice. There was also a marked effect of host age on both parameters. A highly significant positive correlation between spirurid egg counts and total worm biomass indicated that non-invasive techniques based on egg counts could be used to quantify worm burdens and when this technique was applied to a larger sample size (n= 61), a significant difference between sites but no host sex or age effects were detected for spirurid faecal egg counts. The data suggest that there are differences between helminth component communities infecting spiny mice in different neighbouring wadis, a hypothesis which will be explored further through our continuing studies in the Sinai.

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Behnke, J. M., C. J. Barnard, N. Mason, P. D. Harris, N. E. Sherif, S. Zalat, and F. S. Gilbert. "Intestinal helminths of spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus dimidiatus) from St Katherine's Protectorate in the Sinai, Egypt." Journal of Helminthology 74, no. 1 (March 2000): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700058.

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AbstractSpiny mice, Acomys cahirinus dimidiatus, inhabiting the wadis close to St Katherine in the mountains of the Sinai peninsula, were trapped and their helminth parasites were studied. Sixty one mice provided faeces for analysis and 27 were killed and autopsied. Six species of helminths were recorded (the spirurid nematodes, Protospirura muricola (74.1%) and Mastophorus muris (11.1%), the oxyuroid nematodes, Dentostomella kuntzi (59.3%), Aspiculuris africana (3.7%), and Syphacia minuta (3.7%) and the hymenolepidid cestode Rodentolepis negevi (18.5%)). The spirurids were the dominant species present, accounting for up to 0.87% of total host body weight. Analysis of worm weights and lengths suggested that transmission had been taking place in the months preceding our study. No sex difference in the prevalence or abundance of spirurids was detected. Significant differences were identified in the abundance of total nematode burdens and the mean helminth species richness between the three wadis which provided multiple captures of mice. There was also a marked effect of host age on both parameters. A highly significant positive correlation between spirurid egg counts and total worm biomass indicated that non-invasive techniques based on egg counts could be used to quantify worm burdens and when this technique was applied to a larger sample size (n = 61), a significant difference between sites but no host sex or age effects were detected for spirurid faecal egg counts. The data suggest that there are differences between helminth component communities infecting spiny mice in different neighbouring wadis, a hypothesis which will be explored further through our continuing studies in the Sinai.

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27

TRAVERSA, D., A. GIANGASPERO, R. IORIO, D. OTRANTO, B. PAOLETTI, and R. B. GASSER. "Semi-nested PCR for the specific detection of Habronema microstoma or Habronema muscae DNA in horse faeces." Parasitology 129, no. 6 (November 18, 2004): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006122.

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Habronema microstoma and Habronema muscae (Spirurida: Habronematidae) are parasitic nematodes which infect the stomach and/or skin of equids. The accurate diagnosis of gastric habronemosis is central to studying its epidemiology, but data on its distribution and prevalence are lacking, mainly due to the limitations of clinical and coprological diagnosis in live horses. To overcome this constraint, a two-step, semi-nested PCR-based assay was validated (utilizing genetic markers in the nuclear ribosomal DNA) for the specific amplification of H. microstoma or H. muscae DNA from the faeces from horses (n=46) whose gastrointestinal parasite status had been determined at autopsy and whose faeces were examined previously using a conventional parasitological approach. Of these horses examined at autopsy, some harboured adults of either H. microstoma (n=19) or H. muscae (n=4), and others (n=7) harboured both species. Most of them were also infected with other parasites, including strongylid nematodes (subfamilies Cyathostominae and Strongylinae), bots and/or cestodes; there was no evidence of metazoan parasites in 2 horses. Larvated spirurid eggs were detected in the faeces of 1 of the 30 horses (3·3%) shown to be infected with Habronema at autopsy. For this set of 46 samples, the PCR assay achieved a diagnostic specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of ~97% (being able to specifically detect as little as ~0·02 fg of Habronema DNA). The specificity of the assay was also tested using a panel of control DNA samples representing horse, the gastric spirurid Draschia megastoma and 26 other species of parasites from the alimentary tract of the horse. H. microstoma, H. muscae and D. megastoma could be readily differentiated from one another based on the sizes of their specific amplicons in the PCR. The results of this study showed that the performance of the PCR for the diagnosis of gastric habronemosis was similar to that of autopsy but substantially better than the traditional coprological examination procedure used. The ability to specifically diagnose gastric habronemosis in equids should have important implications for investigating the epidemiology and ecology of H. microstoma and H. muscae.

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Otranto, Domenico, Cinzia Cantacessi, Egidio Mallia, and Riccardo Paolo Lia. "First Report of Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) in Wolves in Italy." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 43, no. 3 (July 2007): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-43.3.508.

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Vrcibradic, Davor, Joaquim J. Vicente, and Charles R. Bursey. "Thubunaea dactylurisSensu Fabio and Rolas, a Synonym ofPhysalopteroides venancioi(Spirurida, Physalopteridae)." Journal of Parasitology 86, no. 5 (October 2000): 1163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1163:tdsfar]2.0.co;2.

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Sarataphan, Nopporn, Sirichai Phantana, and Kosum Chansiri. "Susceptibility ofMansonia indiana(Diptera: Culicidae) to Nocturnally SubperiodicBrugia malayi(Spirurida: Filariodea)." Journal of Medical Entomology 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.215.

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Otranto, Domenico, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Vuslat P. Gürlü, Nermin Sakru, Konuralp Yakar, Odile Bain, Riccardo P. Lia, and Gabriella Testini. "First Evidence of Human Zoonotic Infection by Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida, Onchocercidae)." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84, no. 1 (January 5, 2011): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0465.

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Mowlavi, G., F. Farzbod, A. Kheirkhah, I. Mobedi, D. D. Bowman, and S. R. Naddaf. "Human ocular onchocerciasis caused by Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in Iran." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 2 (February 7, 2013): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000060.

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AbstractCases of canine onchocerciasis caused by Onchocerca lupi are increasingly reported from Europe and the western United States of America. The zoonotic role of this parasite had already been suspected in Europe as the clinical signs and histopathology seen in two ocular cases from Albania and the Crimean region were very similar to those of canine ocular onchocerciasis. In the most recent reports of human onchocerciasis, O. lupi has been morphologically and molecularly identified as the causative agent of ocular infestation in two patients from Turkey, and one patient from Tunisia. Here, we report an additional case of nodular lesions involving two, and possibly more, immature worms in a patient from Iran. The parasite was found to belong to the genus Onchocerca based on morphological features and the species was confirmed as O. lupi from a partial sequence analysis of 12S ribosomal DNA.

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Naem, Soraya. "Ultrastructural observations on the surface of Thelazia lacrymalis (Nematoda: Spirurida, Thelaziidae)." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 53, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.53.2005.2.5.

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface ultrastructure of female Thelazia lacrymalis obtained from naturally infected cattle. At the anterior end, the buccal capsule was cup shaped. The mouth was without lips and was surrounded by four cephalic papillae and two amphids. There were two lateral cervical papillae. Also, a single small papilla was seen on the ventral side, close to the vulvar opening. The vulva was located posterior to the end of the oesophagus and the tail carried an anal pore and a pair of phasmids near the tip. The cuticle was transversally annulated with fine striations.

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Moravec, Frantisek, Brian L. Fredensborg, A. M. David Latham, and Robert Poulin. "Larval Spirurida (Nematoda) from the crab Macrophthalmus hirtipes in New Zealand." Folia Parasitologica 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2003.019.

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Naem, Soraya. "Scanning electron microscopic observations on adult Spirocerca lupi (Nematoda: Spirurida, Thelaziidae)." Parasitology Research 92, no. 4 (March 1, 2004): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-003-1037-9.

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Naem, Soraya. "Fine structure of body surface of Thelazia skrjabini (Nematoda: Spirurida, Thelaziidae)." Parasitology Research 100, no. 2 (August 16, 2006): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0260-6.

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37

Bartlett, Cheryl M., and R. C. Anderson. "Larval nematodes (ascaridida and spirurida) in the aquatic snail, Lymnaea stagnalis." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 46, no. 2 (September 1985): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(85)90143-0.

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38

Wells, Konstans, Lesley R. Smales, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko, and Martin Pfeiffer. "Impact of rain-forest logging on helminth assemblages in small mammals (Muridae, Tupaiidae) from Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003804.

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Parasites are ubiquitous in wild animals, with host-specific life histories considered as major determinants of prevalence and parasite assemblage patterns. It is predicted that habitat differences in logged rain forests influence population performances of small mammals and consequently may change the infection patterns of local animal populations with regard to endo- and ectoparasites. We investigated patterns of helminth species assemblages (Nematoda, Platyhelminthes) in two rat species (Leopoldamys sabanus, Niviventer cremoriventer) and two tree shrew species (Tupaia tana, T. longipes) in three logged and three unlogged rain forests in Borneo by examining 337 faecal samples with non-invasive faecal egg count (FEC). Nematode eggs prevailed in 95% of all samples with up to five (mean 1.9 ± 1.1) morphotypes. Whereas members of Strongylida were most prevalent in L. sabanus, T. tana and T. longipes, Spirurida dominated in N. cremoriventer that revealed at the same time the lowest average nematode prevalence and FEC. Cestode eggs were only found in L. sabanus and T. tana. Composition and abundance patterns of the parasitic helminth assemblages were influenced by logging. As hypothesized, species richness of nematode morphotypes and mean number of infections per host of T. longipes were larger in logged than in unlogged forest. In contrast, L. sabanus was more heavily infected with cestodes in unlogged than in logged forest and also revealed larger egg counts for strongylids and spirurids in unlogged forest. Our results suggest that forest degradation and altered environmental conditions influence helminth diversity and infection patterns of small mammals with contrasting trends among host species. The inconsistent logging-induced changes in helminth assemblages from different hosts indicate that specific sets of habitat-host-parasite interactions are uniquely influenced by the effects of logging. Consequently, predictions on changes of parasite diversity and prevalence with regard to habitat disturbance need to be based on the individual life histories of the hosts (and the parasites).

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Kifune, Teiji, Rafael Lamothe-Argumedo, Luis García-Prieto, Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa, and Virginia León-Règagnon. "Gnathostoma binucleatum(Spirurida: Gnathostomatidae) en peces dulceacuícolas de Tabasco, México." Revista de Biología Tropical 52, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v52i2.15252.

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Napoli, E., G. Gaglio, L. Falsone, S. Giannetto, F. Dantas-Torres, D. Otranto, and E. Brianti. "New insights into the biology and ecology of Acanthocheilonema reconditum (spirurida: onchocercidae)." Parasites & Vectors 7, Suppl 1 (2014): O29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-s1-o29.

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OTRANTO, D., R. P. LIA, V. BUONO, D. TRAVERSA, and A. GIANGASPERO. "Biology of Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) eyeworms in naturally infected definitive hosts." Parasitology 129, no. 5 (October 5, 2004): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006018.

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Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) eyeworm causes ocular infection in carnivores and humans in the Far East; this infection has been recently reported also in Europe – northern and southern Italy – in dogs, cats and foxes. The natural vector/s of T. callipaeda is/are unknown and the development of the nematode in its definitive hosts is limited to an experimental trial on dogs. To contribute new insights into the development of T. callipaeda in the definitive host in field conditions, eyeworms were collected from naturally infected dogs from an area with a high prevalence of infection (up to 60·14%) in the Basilicata region of southern Italy, from January 2002 to December 2003. Conjunctival secretions were also collected and examined for the presence of immature stages. The presence of blastomerized eggs throughout the period – except for the months from May to November – indicates a seasonality in the reproductive activity of T. callipaeda, coinciding with the presence/absence of the vector. In fact, 1st-stage larvae were found in the lachrymal secretions of dogs in summer (June–July 2002 and 2003), ready to be ingested by flies feeding about the eyes. The evidence of 4th-stage larvae in March 2002 and April, July and October 2003 may be accounted for by the presence of flies that act as intermediate hosts of T. callipaeda from early spring to early autumn. The presence of immature stages in October indicates an overlapping generation of nematodes and a 2nd cycle of vector infection. This basic knowledge of the development of T. callipaeda will hopefully help future epidemiological studies to identify the intermediate hosts and define the likely risk for vectors in field conditions.

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Naem, Soraya. "Thelazia rhodesi (Spirurida, Thelaziidae), bovine eyeworm: morphological study by scanning electron microscopy." Parasitology Research 100, no. 4 (November 10, 2006): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0346-1.

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43

Goswami, U., A. Chaudhary, C. Verma, and H. S. Singh. "Molecular and ultrastructure characterization of two nematodes (Thelandros scleratus and Physalopteroides dactyluris) based on ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences." Helminthologia 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0013.

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SummaryThe phylogenetic relationships of the nematode species Thelandros scleratus (Oxyurida: Pharyn-godonidae) and Physalopteroides dactyluris (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) were analyzed using the ribosomal 18S rRNAand the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit genes. The nematodes were recovered from Brook's house gecko, Hemidactylus brooki (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Hast-inapur, Meerut (U.P.), India. The results demonstrated that T. scleratus shows 100% similarity with another sequence available from the same species and a close relationship (98-99%) with species of Parapharyngodon in both 18S rRNAand cox 1 regions. Regarding the nematode Physalopteroides. analysis showed a close phylogenetic relationship between P. dactyluris and several species of Phy-saloptera. This is the first sequence of 18S available for any species of the genus Physalopteroides

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Oliveira, A. R., T. D. Souza, M. C. Flecher, C. H. Gardiner, and R. L. Santos. "First report of Gongylonema sp. in a free ranging callitrichid from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: case report." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 3 (June 2019): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10760.

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ABSTRACT This is the first report of parasitism by Gongylonema sp. in a free-ranging callitrichid from the Atlantic forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil. A juvenile male of Geoffroy's marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi) was euthanized due to poor prognosis, then necropsied. Samples of the tongue were collected for routine histological processing. Microscopically, there were transversal sections of adult nematodes within the epithelial layer of the mucosa of the tongue. Lingual scraping demonstrated a small number of oval embryonated eggs with a thick capsule. The morphology of the adult parasites and the eggs, associated with its location, were compatible with the Spirurida nematode of the genus Gongylonema. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of this parasite on free-ranging callitrichid populations.

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45

Fedorova, Valentina S., Vladimir A. Burlak, and Gleb N. Artemov. "Spread of Dirofilariae (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in the Natural Populations of Malaria Mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) in Tomsk Ob River Region." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 58 (2022): 128–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/58/7.

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Dirofilariasis is a dangerous transmissible disease of carnivores and humans caused by two species of parasitic nematodes - Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry and D. immitis Leidy. The intermediate hosts of Dirofilariae are blood-sucking mosquitoes. Both species are typical of the mild climate of southern Europe, but in recent decades the parasites have spread to the north and northeast due to the global climate change. They have been registered in Western Siberia since 1989, and diro-filariasis cases in both animals and humans cause concern. To assess prospects for the spread of dirofilariasis and develop strategies to combat this disease, one has to determine the main mosquito vectors. Malaria mosquitos are the significant dirofilaria vectors in Europe, but there is a shortage of information on potential dirofilariasis vectors in Siberia. This paper is meant to estimate how extensive the invasion of different species of the malaria mosquitos D. repens and D. immitis is in the territory of Tomsk Region due to the global climate change. 64 samples of mosquitos from 36 localities of Tomsk Region were taken during the summer seasons of 2018 to 2020. Mosquitos were caught in stables, dissected to determine invasion via light microscopy. The species of malaria mosquitos and dirofilariae were identified through an ITS2 PCR-RFLP analysis (Artemov et al., 2021) and COI site-specific PCR (Rishniw et al., 1998), respectively. In total, the authors analyzed 7,591 female malaria mosquitos and 233 female non-malaria mosquitos, where 159 and 1 of them were infected with dirofilariae, respectively. They registered invasion in 44 samples from 21 localities, including the northernmost one - Strezhevoy town (60°44N, see Figure 1). Dirofilariasis is a common helminthiasis in Tomsk Region. The average invasion extensiveness is 2.1+0.2% in the region. In the natural populations of malaria mosquitos on the right bank of the River Ob, the invasion extensiveness is 3.7 times higher vs. the left bank of the Ob, despite the high transport accessibility of this bank (see Figure 2). Invasion extensiveness decreases from the south to the north, but the local conditions might disrupt this trend (see Table 3). Three species of malaria mosquitos - Anopheles daciae, An. messeae and An. beklemishevi (but not An. claviger) - are dirofilariasis vectors in Tomsk Region (see Table 1). South of 57° N, only D. repens and one mixed invasion case were found in An. daciae being the dominant species in this area. However, all the three species mainly invaded with D. repens were detected as vectors north of 57° N. One case of An. messeae invasion with the nematode D. immitis and mixed invasions of An. daciae and An. beklemishevi were found in Kolpashevo agglomeration. All the invasions with D. immitis (including mixed ones) were observed on the right bank of the Ob (see Table 2). The extensiveness of An. messeae and An. daciae invasion were significantly higher vs. An. beklemishevi, despite its domination north of 57° N. The northernmost location where an infective female of An. beklemishevi invaded with D. repens was found is Bolshaya Griva village at 59° N. Approximately 6.5% of the infected mosquitos had superinvasion - re-invasion with dirofilariae (see Figure 3). Thus, malaria mosquitos play a significant role in the circulation and, probably, the spread of dirofilariasis in Tomsk Region. Conclusion: 1. Dirofilariae are widespread within Tomsk Region. The northernmost border of the Dirofilaria repens spread is 60° 44' and that of D. immitis - 58° 32' N. The northernmost border of the D. repens transmission is 59° N. 2. The contribution made by malaria mosquitos to the spread of dirofilariasis in Tomsk Region is as high as that of other blood-sucking mosquitos. 3. Anopheles daciae, An. messeae and An. beklemishevi are the vectors of Dirofilaria repens and D. immitis. Anopheles beklemishevi get infected less often than the two remaining species. 4. The invasion extensiveness of malaria mosquitos is higher on the right bank of the River Ob. 5. Mixed invasions and superinvasions of malaria mosquitos with dirofilariae are frequent phenomena for Tomsk Region. The article contains 4 Figures, 3 Tables, 55 References. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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46

Vrcibradic, Davor, Joaquim J. Vicente, and Charles R. Bursey. "Thubunaea dactyluris Sensu Fabio and Rolas, a Synonym of Physalopteroides venancioi (Spirurida, Physalopteridae)." Journal of Parasitology 86, no. 5 (October 2000): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3284846.

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Gorgani, Tahmine, Soraya Naem, Amir Abbass Farshid, and Domenico Otranto. "Scanning electron microscopy observations of the hedgehog stomach worm, Physaloptera clausa (Spirurida: Physalopteridae)." Parasites & Vectors 6, no. 1 (2013): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-87.

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48

Iwaki, Takashi, and Yuko Masuda. "First record of Desportesius equispiculatus (Wu and Liu, 1943) (Spirurida: Acuarioidea) from Japan." Parasitology International 47, no. 1 (March 1998): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)00005-1.

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Alvarez-Guerrero, C., M. A. Muñoz-Guzmán, and F. Alba-Hurtado. "Pathological and parasitological traits in experimentally infected cats with Gnathostoma binucleatum (Spirurida: Gnathostomatidae)." Veterinary Parasitology 204, no. 3-4 (August 2014): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.027.

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Ramos, Rafael Antonio Nascimento, Alessio Giannelli, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Egidio Mallia, Giuseppe Passantino, Riccardo Paolo Lia, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Yasen Mutafchiev, and Domenico Otranto. "Cercopithifilaria rugosicauda (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in a roe deer and ticks from southern Italy." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 2 (December 2013): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.09.009.

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