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Academic literature on the topic 'SPIRITS OF LIFE AND PERCEPTION'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "SPIRITS OF LIFE AND PERCEPTION"

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Low, Chris. "BIRDS AND KHOESĀN: LINKING SPIRITS AND HEALING WITH DAY-TO-DAY LIFE." Africa 81, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972011000027.

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ABSTRACTIt is not surprising that animals have played a significant role in KhoeSān cosmology but identifying exactly what that role is and how it relates to different contexts of belief and action is more challenging. This article identifies a special role for birds in KhoeSān thought and practice, which is tightly bound to matters of spirit and healing, seems relatively cohesive and is distinctive and widespread, both culturally and historically. Working out from a detailed KhoeSān medical ethnography and using bird examples taken from a wide range of KhoeSān, I argue that bird relationships are best understood by re-framing popular ideas of ‘supernatural potency’ within persistent habits of perception and the opportunities or challenges they present. I further highlight how KhoeSān interaction with birds must be linked to particular relationships with knowledge in order to understand why birds are so salient. I conclude by emphasizing the dangers of explaining KhoeSān bird relationships within potentially distorting categories of ‘metaphor’.
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V., Srividhya Samakya, and T. Subramanyam Naidu. "An Anthropological Analysis of Evil Eye, Evil Spirits, and Ancestral Spirits Afflictions: Parengi Porja Tribal Women Views About Illness Etiologies and Its Treatment Practices." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 19, no. 2 (September 6, 2019): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x19862394.

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This article aims to understand the perception of Parengi Porja’s ways of illness treatments and health management. The Parengi Porja is a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Population (PVTG), inhabiting the hilly regions of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. They strongly believe in supernatural agents as being the cause of illness. For this study, the Parengi Porja tribal mothers were purposively selected from five villages situated in the study district. We used participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, case studies, and semistructured interview schedules. We conducted five focus group discussions (FGDs) to understand the reasons for illness, and its diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Data types include demographic variables, incidences of illnesses, and their management. The study shows that this tribal population has its own understanding about the illness etiology and management strategy to regain healthy life.
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Miles, Murray. "Leibniz on Apperception and Animal Souls." Dialogue 33, no. 4 (1994): 701–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300010787.

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InLeibniz: Perception, Apperception, and Thought, Robert McRae alleges a flat “contradiction” (McRae 1976, p. 30) at the heart of Leibniz's doctrine of three grades of monads: bare entelechies characterized by perception; animal souls capable both of perception and of sensation; and rational souls, minds or spirits endowed not only with capacities for perception and sensation but also with consciousness of self or what Leibniz calls (introducing a new term of art into the vocabulary of philosophy) “apperception.” Apperception is a necessary condition of those distinctively human mental processes associated with understanding and with reason. Insofar as it is also a sufficient condition of rationality, it is not ascribable to animals. But apperception is a necessary condition of sensation or feeling as well; and animals are capable of sensation, according to Leibniz, who decisively rejected the Cartesian doctrine that beasts are nothing but material automata. “On the one hand,” writes McRae, “what distinguishes animals from lower forms of life is sensation or feeling, but on the other hand apperception is a necessary condition of sensation, and apperception distinguishes human beings from animals” (McRae 1976, p. 30). “We are thus left with an unresolved inconsistency in Leibniz's account of sensation, so far as sensation is attributable both to men and animals” (ibid., p. 34).
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Lee, San Yun. "Shaman Motive in Korean Literature." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 4 (2022): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.407.

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This paper analyzes literary works that allow one to trace the changes in the perception of shaman cult in various periods of Korean social development and sheds light on the popularity of shaman motive in the 21st century. In Kim Tonni’s “Portrait of a shaman” (1936), the conflict between traditional and Western beliefs is shown through the image of a shaman woman symbolizing the ignorant Korean past and her son who converted to Christianity. Han Seungwon in his novels, uses the motive of the call for blood of those people possessed by ghosts and describes shamans’ life, traditions, and rituals. Shaman rituals are also described in the works of Park Wanseo. In her childhood memories, shaman women are depicted as transcendental beings tied to the other world. Epic novels by Park Kyongni, Cho Chongnae, Choi Myunghee describe the life of ordinary villagers against the backdrop of historical events. The main character is usually a shaman or her daughter in a love relationship. Shaman motive is also present in some novels written in the 21st century, in which main characters believe in spirits and shamans’ prophecies coming true. This implies that the belief in spirits is an inseparable part of Korean cultural identification, even for those who claim to be an atheist. Because shamanism in Korea is perceived as an important part of culture, the interest in shamans and shamanism continues to grow.
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Urbina, Nancy Alvarez, Angela Katiusca Lavalle, Veronica Yasmin Serruto Alvarez, Hania Carola Berroa-Garate, Agueda Muñoz Del Carpio Toia, and Klinge Orlando Villalba-Condori. "Young Children in Socio-Educational Methods in Postpartum in Quechua and Aymara Mothers in Parenting and Learning System." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 13, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 1026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v13i2.211146.

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The purpose of our study was to understand the perception of the postpartum beliefs and customs among Quechua and Aymara mothers in Parenting System. The study is a young children in socio-educational analysis related to postpartum beliefs and customs among Quechua and Aymara mothers, specifically, the analysis was done in the cultural context of indigenous communities, seeking knowledge of the diverse cultural expressions, perceptions, and behaviors of the population around reproductive health processes of educational system, through observation and ethnographic interviews. The sample consisted of 118 mothers whose deliveries were attended in the health and parenting system establishment of the Quechua and Aymara areas, and the process was developed considering five aspects. The results show the presence of a complex cultural system in this stage of life and a set of social and cultural norms such as the use of medicinal plants and learning System in the prevention of encounters with spirits or beings of the Quechua and Aymara cultures. The conceptions of the puerperium in native communities regulate the behavior of its inhabitants, affecting maternal and child health in education system and Parenting System.
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Li, San Yun. "The realities of Korean culture and The literary translation (using Park Kyongni’s novel "Daughters of pharmacist Kim" as an example)." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 16, no. 3 (2018): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2018-16-3-127-137.

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Famous South Korean writer Park Kyongni’s novel «Daughters of Pharmacist Kim» covers the period from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century which was tragic for Korean people and their social norms because of the Japanese occupation. It depicts particularly the religious beliefs of Korean people, the relationships in the society and the family, the role of the woman, and the daily life of people of different social groups (aristocrats, the wealthy, servants). The objective of this article is to critically analyze the translation of the novel that touches upon many phenomena exotic for most Russian readers, such as the national identity of Korean culture or the material and spiritual life of Korean society. The comparison of the Korean and the Russian texts shows that the translation of some ethnographic realia does not quite match the original. For example, some words related to the following phenomena are translated incorrectly: Korean traditional underfloor heating (ondol), superstitions, Koreans’ religious beliefs and their perception of ancestors’ spirits, supernatural forces, mourning ceremonies, and attire worn to a funeral. In addition to believing in ancestors’ spirits, Koreans also believed in prophecies. For example, children of someone who died of arsenic poisoning were believed to be destined to leave no male offspring. This prophecy comes true in the novel: Pharmacist Kim’s first son dies in childhood and six daughters are born afterwards. Koreans paid special attention to shamans and believed in their supernatural essence. To this day, Koreans’ religious beliefs dating back to ancient times and various folk beliefs peacefully coexist with other world religions. In modern South Korea, people still observe customs and traditions related to funeral rites and wakes, they fear and revere the spirits of the dead, and perform «feeding ancestors’ spirits» ceremonies twice a year on certain days chosen according to the lunar calendar. In addition to the shortcomings of the Russian translation described above, some dialectal items of the Southern province Kyungsan-do are translated incorrectly, and so are occasionally rendered the rules of the traditional verbal etiquette. It may be considered as a gross error because the latter are anchored in the very essence of Korean language and make up an important part of Korean mentality. Conclusion. So, this analysis of conveying background information through Korean realia in the novel «Daughters of Pharmacist Kim» confirms the theorists’ conclusion that the translator must know background cultural information of the source text. Errors and flaws found in the translation of some ethnographic realia show that those errors and flaws are not likely to affect significantly the novel’s content or its artistic value. At the same time, the fictional quality of the novel is affected by the lack of translator’s knowledge of its dialectal peculiarities and some facts of non-material culture related to customs, elements of cult and public relations among Koreans. All of the above leads to the incorrect perception of some cultural realia of Korea described in the novel of Korean classic writer Park Kyongni.
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Yupapin, Preecha. "Contemplation and perception energy transition states." International Journal of Scientific World 3, no. 2 (June 28, 2015): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v3i2.4861.

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<p>In this paper, the concept of meditation and perception energy transition states is configured described by the spirit energy transitions. Being life has been jeopardized situation due to the chaotic society. The technique that can be used to release and recover such problems is the challenge and being proposed. There are two techniques that can lead to obtain the mind concentration, where they are meditation ad mind-body considerations that have been successfully used for years. The descriptions of meditation and perception are performed by the spirit energy transitions of eight and sixteen levels respectively. The transition states and energy levels are explained, which can be useful for practitioners and world society.</p>
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Ozdemir, Selim, and Ummuhan Yigit Seyfi. "A Transformation from the Cages of Spirits to the Spiritual Organizations: Different Solutions to Employee Oriented Issues." Eurasian Journal of Higher Education 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/ejohe.2020.1.29.

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Nowadays, changes in socioeconomic compositions, advancement in technology, consumption mania, increasing the speed of digital contents, momentary satisfaction from the increasing speed of access to information, the stress in the workplace, fear from loneliness or being isolated from the society lead individuals to search for or attribute a meaning both to their personal and work life. The impact of this search in workplaces is seen in the form of differences in the personal perception of occupation and expectation from it. Employees who spend most of their daily life in the workplaces have become people asking why they are doing what they do at work and querying what benefit their occupations brings to themselves and society. Despite all efforts in increasing the performance of employees in organizations that has only production-oriented operations, the loss of motivation in workplaces cannot be prevented. Organizations for profit that do not inquire a mission become “cages for the spirit” of their employees in time. With the awareness of all these issues in workplaces, in this study, we discuss the need to create different solutions to people-oriented institutional problems through the use of emotional intelligence and spiritual quotient. The importance of the terms; spiritual quotient, spiritual institutions, emotional intelligence, mission inquiry, and enrichment and expansion of vision in the literature will be searched carefully, and content analysis for these terms will be done. Through this analysis, we will discuss if new horizons can be created in the field of human resources management.
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Kim, Jangwon, Jongnye Han, Eunjeong Kim, and Chulwon Kim. "Quality of Life Subjective Expectations and Exchange from Hosting Mega-Events." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711079.

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This study examined residents’ quality of life contexts due to the mega-events (F1 Korean Grand Prix 2010 and 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics) based on an insider’s perspective (emic approach). The study investigated the residents’ quality of life contexts due to hosting the mega-events, which are suitable for understanding changes in social patterns among residents. Specifically, the study investigated diverse phenomena surrounding two mega-events and their relation to the quality of life with qualitative methods of participant observation and in-depth interviews. The phenomenon for the quality of life represented socioeconomic effect, educational impact on the local community, infrastructure development, recreational and cultural experience, emotional use of life, community spirit, and direct economic exchange. The subject phenomenon of quality of life examined the Residents’ Perception of Quality of Life, Subjective Expectations and Exchange, and the Relationship Model. The relationship model shows that the mega-event host community residents’ daily life experience from the individual or collective social exchanges influences their perception of the quality of life and the areas of life. Meanwhile, the factors, including individual social interaction, recreational and cultural experience, and the emotional use of life, positively or negatively influence the residents’ perception of the quality of life. Finally, the standards and procedures of the perception of the quality of life appear different depending on the type of residents and whether they have direct economic exchange experience.
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Burnakov, V. A. "The Image of a Lizard in Folklore and Rituals of the Khakass (Late 19th – Mid 20th Century)." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 5 (2019): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-5-166-177.

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Purpose. The aim of this work is to characterize the image of a lizard (kileski) in folklore and ritual practices of the Khakass people. Based on the goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze folklore and ethnographic information, to identify the key components of this mythological creature and to discover semantic links of the image with natural objects and elements. Chronologically, the framework covers late 19th – mid 20th Centuries. The choice of such time limits is due to the source base available on the research topic. Leading in the study is the principle of historicism, when any cultural phenomenon is considered in its development, taking into account specific situations. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods: remnants (relic) and semantic analysis. Results. Our analysis has led us to the following conclusions: in the Khakass culture, the lizard played an important role. It is explained by the lizard being plentiful in the nature of Khakassia, and specifically because of its zoological specificity. In the mythological perception of this reptile, it had contradictory dual characteristics and caused ambiguous feelings. People designated the reptile as a creature living in two environments – earth and water, which is steadily associated with the lower world. At the same time, the image is often introduced into mythological and fairy-tale schemes involving other chthonic species, such as frogs and snakes. In the folklore of the Khakass people, the whole life support system of demonic characters of the lower world, which included farming and nutrition, was directly tied to these amphibians. A great importance was attached to the image of the frog and shamanic practice. The lizard had a direct relation both to the spirit-owner of the water – Sug eezi, and to the lord of the underworld – Erlik Khan. The designated specificity of the lizard allowed including it into the set of key spirits, whi were shaman’s assistants. Shamans mediated between the world of the underground spirits and people: among shamanists, the worship of reptiles reached such a high level that the cult of the patron of sheep arose, the external data of which included the features of reptiles and amphibians. Conclusion. The image of the lizard carried out patronizing, protective and therapeutic functions in relation not only to pets, but also to people. The importance of the lizard to the culture of the Khakass people was so great that its image was included into the traditional Khakass calendar “muchel”. The latter was based on a twelve-year animal cycle. In the perception of the people, “kiles chili” – ‘the year of the lizard’ – was considered a good period.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SPIRITS OF LIFE AND PERCEPTION"

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MERONI, MICHELE. "SPIRITS OF LIFE AND PERCEPTION. GREEK AND ARABIC LEGACIES IN ALBERT THE GREAT'S EARLY THEOLOGY AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/856900.

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Among his contemporaries, Albert the Great (1200-1280) stands out for his extensive knowledge of philosophical and medical sources from the Islamic Word. The dissertation investigates the role of Albert's Arabic sources in his doctrine of spirit, a key concept straddling medicine and natural philosophy, in the broader context of his psychophysiology. The main purpose of the research is to provide a study of the reception of sources such as Avicenna (De anima, De animalibus, Canon), Qusta ibn Luqa (De differentia spiritus et animae) and other Arabic authors (Averroes, al-Ghazali and al-Magusi), shedding light on their relevance for Albert's own understanding of spiritus. Prefaced by a methodological introduction and a first chapter devoted to the relationship between philosophy and medicine, the dissertation provides a comparison between Albert's position on the role of spirit in his early theological works with his mature works (Aristotelian paraphrases), focusing especially on the Parva Naturalia. The research revolves around two main areas of interest: life- and perception-related phenomena, highlighting how Albert's understanding of the causal role of spirit changes over the years, thus moving away from his first conception in the early theological works, strongly influenced by his Arabic sources. A typical feature of Albert's psychophysiology of life-related phenomena in the Aristotelian paraphrases is the introduction of the concept of spirit in plants, a unique case among Albert's contemporaries. The second part of the dissertation deals with the role of spirits in sense perception and cognitive activities, with a special focus on dreams, divinatory dreams, and prophecy, where the influence of the Arabic (also, Hebrew) philosophical tradition is crucial.
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Hayes, Jacqueline Ann. "Experiencing the presence of the deceased : symptoms, spirits, or ordinary life?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experiencing-the-presence-of-the-deceased-symptoms-spirits-or-ordinary-life(7d77ebab-53c8-43b1-99b5-ea79eec72c36).html.

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Experiences of presence are common in bereavement. The bereaved person may see the deceased, hear their familiar voice, or otherwise feel they are close at hand. But although common, they are experiences not without controversy. They have come under a variety of descriptions, from 'hallucinations', lacking in meaning and even essentially meaningless, to 'continuing relationships', of rich personal significance. The current thesis represents the first systematic investigation of the properties and meaning of experiences of presence. Narrative biographic interviews with bereaved informants were analysed using Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis. Analytical focus was on the ways in which participants made such experiences meaningful. As a novel approach, this thesis reports several new findings about these phenomena. Firstly, the experiences happened in a variety of bonds (including spouses, parents, grandparents, children, siblings and others), and in a variety of circumstances of the bereavement (including sudden and expected deaths). In all cases, they were described as richly meaningful experiences and as relying on several sources for this meaning. The personal histories of participants were of particular importance in making sense of experiences of presence. Within this context, the experience acquired sense as a continuation of some aspect of the relationship with the deceased. The experiences also had diverse functions, from soothing to destructive. Sometimes, the experiences helped the bereaved to resolve unfinished business with the deceased; at other times, the help was with a much more ordinary problem. On some occasions the experiences of presence caused the bereaved more problems; they simply pronounced the grief or continued a fraught relationship. Participants showed that they had many cultural resources available to them in making sense of their experiences but they did not use all of them. Many informants used some spiritual and psychological ideas to make sense of their experiences. The thesis concludes that many of the most popular theories for these experiences impoverish them by stripping them of their diversity and important aspects of their meaning. The thesis also makes recommendations for psychotherapy for those who have problems of living as a result of their experiences of presence. The study also has implications for psychological research as none of these findings could have been observed through the use of an experimental methodology.
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Pearce, Callum. "Outside the palace, the night : spirits, landscape and perception among Buddhist laity in Ladakh, Himalayan India." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=234058.

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This thesis deals with the perception and representation of spirits and landscape among Tibetan Buddhist laity in Ladakh, Himalayan India. It contrasts the conventions of Tibetan textual description of places with stories told by Ladakhi Buddhist laity, with a focus on the role played by local spirits and deities. It argues that while textual representations employing the unified and symmetrical imagery of the maṇḍala – a schematic representation of the palace of a divinity – depict the landscape as it might be known to a transcendent observer, stories about places and the spirits associated with them (lhande in Ladakhi) point to an indeterminate, fragmented and culturally unbounded world that has yet to be integrated within any single system of knowledge. This world is pieced together from multiple sources and truth claims, and from the imperfections inherent in ordinary perception; but the inconsistencies and uncertainties involved in this are not usually apparent, and are only made manifest in illness, experiences of disorder and encounters with spirits at night. These persistent uncertainties can be overcome in ritual contexts, in acts of writing or through the invocation of the faculty of divine vision: the palatial image of the maṇḍala is used to counteract the presence of the night outside. This thesis draws attention to the often overlooked role played by the limitations of perception and knowledge in understandings of landscape, and is intended to partly bridge a disciplinary divide by reconstructing the invisible context within which textual representations are created and employed.
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Caldwell, Kerin L. "Discernment as a way of life." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Langford, Alvan Stephen. "Equipping believers with an hermeneutical and theological foundation for exercising spiritual discernment." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Bell, Gordon. "Life-cycle based system optimisation : the identification of more sustainable options for the potable spirits industry." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340400.

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De, Vries Brian. "The concept of self in a life-span, life event context." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28663.

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This dissertation advanced a life story model of the self-concept, linking the presently understood past and the anticipated future with the experienced present of the individual story-teller. The central components of this model were identified as the story structure (defined as integrative complexity, an information-processing variable) and story content (defined as the significant life events recalled and anticipated by the participants). The nuclear thesis of this dissertation examined the relationship between these two components in various forms and explored their association with other (individual difference) variables. Participants were 30 males and 30 females drawn in equal numbers from three age groups (young, middle, and later adulthood). These participants completed an extensive questionnaire which entailed a written self-evaluation (which was coded for complexity), the identification and evaluation of significant life events (on scales of event pleasantness, outcome desirability, and event intensity, responsibility, adjustment, and anticipation), and the completion of a series of individual difference measures (life satisfaction, attitudes toward aging, repression-sensitization, and self-esteem). Participants were also interviewed regarding the personal significance of each event, discussions which were coded for integrative complexity and a measure of self in relation to others. The major results indicated that the complexity of self-evaluation (and not chronological age) was associated (curvilinearly) with the number of identified events (with low and high complexity characteristic of fewer events than moderate complexity). A similar pattern emerged between life satisfaction and this measure of complexity, but complexity was not related to any of the other individual difference variables. Unpleasant and undesirable events were discussed in more complex terms than were pleasant, desirable events. There was a similar pattern for high versus low intensity events. However, low responsibility, low adjustment, and low anticipation were associated with greater complexity than were events high on these dimensions. Women identified a greater number of events and discussed them more in terms of connectedness with significant others than did men. These results are presented in the context of the life story and their implications for this model of the self-concept are discussed.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Novaes, Camila Souza. "A influência da Terapia Complementar Espírita sobre a qualidade de vida e a autopercepção de saúde." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15304.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Souza Novaes.pdf: 5824337 bytes, checksum: 0e69f53b1ab8cf707be1f24ab68cd5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-01
This study aims to determine whether the Complementary Spiritist Therapy promotes improvement in quality of life and perceived health of the patient according to their selfreport. Based in Jungian Psychosomatic Model of diseases, this paper uses the method of qualitative and quantitative research, through the application of semi-structured interviews and The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) before and after the participants undergo a spiritual healing treatment. The sample consists of thirtythree participants with various diseases, 34-81 years, of different religions, frequenters of a spiritist center of the city of São Paulo. The interview results showed that for the majority of the sample the treatment was effective because the respondents had a perception of improvement in their health status, reported a decrease in symptoms, acquired some kind of learning and changed their relationship with the disease itself. This way faith proved to be an important element of healing. For a minority of the sample, there has been little improvement in their perception of physical symptoms. However, they obtained psychological and spiritual gains. When comparing the average results of the participants in the first and second application of the SF-36, there was significant improvement in the mental component summary and in the following domains of quality of life: role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health. The differences between the outcomes of the first and second application of the SF-36 of physical functioning and the physical component summary were not statistically significant
Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se a Terapia Complementar Espírita (TCE) promove melhora na qualidade de vida e na percepção de saúde do paciente segundo seu autorrelato. Fundamentada no Modelo Psicossomático Junguiano de doenças, esta dissertação utiliza o método qualitativo e quantitativo de pesquisa, através da aplicação de entrevistas e do Instrumento Genérico de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida em Saúde (questionário SF-36) antes e depois dos participantes se submeterem a um tratamento de cura espiritual. A amostra é composta por trinta e três sujeitos com enfermidades diversas, de 34 a 81 anos, de distintas religiões, frequentadores de um centro espírita da cidade de São Paulo. Os resultados das entrevistas indicaram que para a maioria da amostra o tratamento foi eficaz, pois os entrevistados obtiveram uma percepção de melhora no estado de saúde, observaram uma diminuição dos sintomas apresentados, adquiriram algum tipo de aprendizado e modificaram a relação com a própria doença. A fé se mostrou assim um importante elemento de cura. Para uma minoria, houve percepção de pouca melhora nos sintomas físicos. Contudo, obtiveram ganhos de ordem psicológica e espiritual. Ao comparar as médias dos resultados dos participantes obtidos na primeira e na segunda aplicação do questionário, observaram-se resultados de melhora significativa no sumário de componentes mentais e nos seguintes domínios de qualidade de vida: aspectos físicos, dor, aspecto geral de saúde, vitalidade, aspectos sociais, aspectos emocionais, saúde mental. A diferença entre as médias da capacidade funcional e no sumário de componentes físicos não foi estatisticamente significativa
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Aldebot, Stephanie. "Neurocognition, Emotion Perception and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/228.

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Patients with schizophrenia have extremely high levels of depression and suicide (Carlborg et al., 2008), thus, a better understanding of factors associated with poor quality of life (QoL) for this population is sorely needed. A growing body of research suggests that cognitive functioning in schizophrenia may be a strong predictor of overall QoL (Green et al., 2000), but individual domains of QoL have not been examined. Indirect evidence also suggests that emotion perception may underlie the relationship between neurocognition and QoL, but this hypothesis has also yet to be tested. Using a sample of 92 clinically stable schizophrenia patients, the current study explores the relationship between neurocognition, namely attention and working memory, and the following sub domains of QoL: social, vocational, intrapsychic foundations and environmental engagement. The current study also examines whether emotion perception mediates this relationship. In partial support of hypotheses, patients with more deficits in working memory reported decreased Occupational QoL and, although only marginally significant, decreased Total QoL. There was also a trend for poorer working memory to be associated with poorer Intrapsychic Foundations QoL. Contrary to hypotheses, emotion perception was not found to mediate the relationship between working memory and QoL. Current findings suggest that interventions that specifically target working memory may also improve many other aspects of schizophrenia patients? QoL.
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Babcock, Lindsay. "Reexamining depressive realism using estimates of real life events /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131592059.pdf.

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Books on the topic "SPIRITS OF LIFE AND PERCEPTION"

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Sax, Marieka. An ethnography of feeding, perception, and place in the Peruvian Andes (where hungry spirits bring illness and wellbeing). Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2011.

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Sax, Marieka. An ethnography of feeding, perception, and place in the Peruvian Andes (where hungry spirits bring illness and wellbeing). Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2011.

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Whatever Is lovely: Design for an elegant spirit. Franklin, Tenn: Carpenters Son Pub., 2011.

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Seth. The nature of personal reality: Specific, practical techniques for solving everyday problems and enriching the life you know. San Rafael, Calif: New World Library, 1994.

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Contacting the spirit world: How to develop your psychic abilities and stay in touch with loved ones. New York: Berkley Books, 1997.

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Women's psyche, women's spirit: The reality of relationships. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.

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Clarke, Thurston. California fault: Searching for the spirit of state along the San Andreas. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.

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Sheng-yen, Lu. Encounters with the world of spirits. San Bruno, Calif., U.S.A: Purple Lotus Society, 1995.

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Johnson-Rodgers, Gloria. Spirits. Lake Mary, Fla: Creation House, 2009.

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Books, Time-Life, ed. Water spirits. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "SPIRITS OF LIFE AND PERCEPTION"

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Eyghen, Hans Van. "Justification from Perception-like Experiences." In The Epistemology of Spirit Beliefs, 69–89. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003281139-6.

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Atkinson, Paul. "The relativity of life." In Distributed Perception, 234–46. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003157021-19.

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Deer Richardson, Linda, and Benjamin Goldberg. "Spirits and Innate Heat." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 223–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69336-1_15.

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Wang, Zhuzhu, Chelsea M. Ickes, and Keith R. Cadwallader. "Influence of Ethanol on Flavor Perception in Distilled Spirits." In ACS Symposium Series, 277–90. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1321.ch017.

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Sommer, Werner, Andrea Hildebrandt, and Annekathrin Schacht. "Face Perception." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 2109–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_975.

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Sommer, Werner, Andrea Hildebrandt, and Annekathrin Schacht. "Face Perception." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_975-2.

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Yoshida, Koichi, Emiko Ishikawa, Maltesh Joshi, Hervé Lechat, Fatma Ayouni, and Marion Bonnefille. "Profiling Scotch Malt Whisky Spirits from Different Distilleries Using an Electronic Nose and an Expert Sensory Panel." In Perception and Machine Intelligence, 155–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27387-2_20.

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Wolkenhauer, Olaf. "On Information Fusion in the Life-Sciences." In Data Fusion and Perception, 121–34. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2580-9_7.

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Ingold, Tim. "To journey along a way of life." In The Perception of the Environment, 273–304. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196662-16.

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Seznurkmez, Kivilcim Yildiz. "Time, Memory And The Musical Perception." In Memory in the Ontopoesis of Life, 153–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2501-2_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "SPIRITS OF LIFE AND PERCEPTION"

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Impett, Jonathan, and Leonardo Impett. "The perception of potential: interference, dimensionality and knowledge." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2013. MIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-31709-2-ch170.

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Shcherbacheva, Anna, and Tuomo Kauranne. "Population dynamics with limited perception establish global swarm topology." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2013. MIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-31709-2-ch093.

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Kovalcikova, Nadezda, and Dominka Lysa. "SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION OF LIFE SITUATION IN LOW-INCOME FAMILIES." In 7th SWS International Scientific Conference on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2020 Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2020.7.1/s07.44.

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Aguayo Chan, Jorge Carlos, and Efraín Duarte Briceño. "LIFE SKILLS: UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS PERCEPTION OF A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1238.

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Hu, Chenyang. "The Life of Africans in China: Experience and Perception." In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.446.

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Biehl, Martin, and Daniel Polani. "Action and perception for spatiotemporal patterns." In Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Life ECAL 2017. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/ecal_a_015.

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Gómez, Tomás, Miguel Aguilera, Manuel G. Bedia, and Antoni Gomila. "The statistical thermodynamics of active perception." In Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Life ECAL 2017. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/ecal_a_082.

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Buck, Moritz, Deniz Saltukoglu, Melanie Boerries, Matias Simons, and Hauke Busch. "A distributed stochastic perception-action loop model of cell motility." In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (ALife). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/alife.2013.6602425.

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Kayama, Yoshihiko. "Expansion of Perception Area in Cellular Automata Using Recursive Algorithm." In Proceedings of the Artificial Life Conference 2016. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-33936-0-ch022.

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Bermejo, Fernando, Ezequiel Di Paolo, and Claudia Arias. "Listening to a world transformed: Perception in an inverted acoustic field." In Proceedings of the Artificial Life Conference 2016. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-33936-0-ch108.

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Reports on the topic "SPIRITS OF LIFE AND PERCEPTION"

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Omoregie, Jesse. The role of adverse life events in psychosis and the perception of recovery in the attainment of wellbeing. Matters of Behaviour, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26455/mob.v1i1.3.

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Lu, Tianjun, Jian-yu Ke, Fynnwin Prager, and Jose N. Martinez. “TELE-commuting” During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Unveiling State-wide Patterns and Trends of Telecommuting in Relation to Transportation, Employment, Land Use, and Emissions in Calif. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2147.

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Telecommuting, the practice of working remotely at home, increased significantly (25% to 35%) early in the COVID-19 pandemic. This shift represented a major societal change that reshaped the family, work, and social lives of many Californians. These changes also raise important questions about what factors influenced telecommuting before, during, and after COVID-19, and to what extent changes in telecommuting have influenced transportation patterns across commute modes, employment, land use, and environment. The research team conducted state-level telecommuting surveys using a crowd-sourced platform (i.e., Amazon Mechanical Turk) to obtain valid samples across California (n=1,985) and conducted state-level interviews among stakeholders (n=28) across ten major industries in California. The study leveraged secondary datasets and developed regression and time-series models. Our surveys found that, compared to pre-pandemic levels, more people had a dedicated workspace at home and had received adequate training and support for telecommuting, became more flexible to choose their own schedules, and had improved their working performance—but felt isolated and found it difficult to separate home and work life. Our interviews suggested that telecommuting policies were not commonly designed and implemented until COVID-19. Additionally, regression analyses showed that telecommuting practices have been influenced by COVID-19 related policies, public risk perception, home prices, broadband rates, and government employment. This study reveals advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting and unveils the complex relationships among the COVID-19 outbreak, transportation systems, employment, land use, and emissions as well as public risk perception and economic factors. The study informs statewide and regional policies to adapt to the new patterns of telecommuting.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Marinshaw, Richard, Michael Gallaher, Tanzeed Alam, and Nadia Rouchdy. Technology Costs as a Barrier to Energy and Water Efficiency in the Commercial Sector of the United Arab Emirates. RTI Press, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.pb.0013.1706.

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Studies have shown that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has some of the highest electricity and water consumption rates in the world. To understand the barriers to the adoption of energy and water efficiency, Emirates Wildlife Society in association with the World Wildlife Fund conducted 363 face-to-face interviews with representatives of companies tasked with energy and water management. The purpose was to understand the most important barriers hindering the UAE’s private sector from achieving wide-scale energy and water efficiency and to begin to identify solutions to mitigate these barriers. This paper focuses on technology costs as a barrier to energy and water efficiency in the commercial sector. Preliminary analysis indicates that, for the commercial sector, a contributing factor to the perception that efficient technologies are costly is the lack of accurate information on the full range and life cycle costs and benefits of efficient products. The most immediate solutions would be to address the financing and informational aspects of the technology cost barrier, as well as potentially provide incentives, such as rebates. In addition, attention must be given to barriers underlying many of the technology cost issues, such as subsidized tariffs and relatively few standards that would encourage adoption.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Levantovych, Oksana. COVID 19 MEDIA COVERAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF HEORHII POCHEPTSOV’S VIEW. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11061.

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The article analyses the peculiarities of the coverage of the covid pandemic in the Ukrainian media, the emphasis placed by the media in news, and how the online mode of modern life and social distancing affects the growth of media influence. Special attention is paid to the view of the famous publicist Heorhii Pocheptsov, who does not exclude the possibility that the coronavirus was invented intentionally to control millions of people around the world. Permanently, the world faces numerous challenges of different scales: economic, military, socio-political, environmental, epidemiological ones. In 2020, the largest and the most unexpected event, undoubtedly, was the deadly coronavirus pandemic, which spread from the small Chinese province of Wuhan to the whole world and already took more than one million people’s lives in less than a year. Thus, the media, that in the post-information society actually have an unprecedented impact on people, form a person’s perception of such challenges. As a result, our understanding of the pandemic is directly related to the information we consume from the media. In fact, from the very start of quarantine, the media space began to be captured by analytical materials in which experts from various fields tried to predict what the world would be like after the end of coronavirus. These experts were of two types: some claimed that irreversible changes would deepen the permanent economic and socio-political crisis, and by claiming that they intensified panic, while others argued that any crisis is a chance to restart and grow. The experts put different emphases covering the covid pandemic in the media, but it is important to pay attention to the analysis of the famous publicist, propaganda researcher – Heorhii Pocheptsov, who sees the coronavirus as a tool to influence millions of people. The pandemic will end sooner or later, but no matter whether the virus was artificially invented or not, the processes that have already been launched around the world cannot stop as if nothing had happened. But Heorhii Pocheptsov’s opinion about the possible artificial nature of the virus should make us more vigilant while consuming information from TVs or from the online media, as it is possible that this information might be a part of a great game that we were not warned about.
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Bécu, V., A.-A. Sappin, and S. Larmagnat. User-friendly toolkits for geoscientists: how to bring geology experts to the public. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331220.

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A growing number of countries are committed toreduce their carbon emissions and are transitioning towards renewable and clean energy sources, leading to an in crease in demand formetals and minerals. This is especially the case for a short list of what are called "critical minerals" which are considered essential to economic development, including the transition to a low-carbon economy and national security. There liability of their supply chain raises concerns considering geological scarcity, difficulty to extract and/or political factors influencing their availability. At the same time, public awareness and perception of geoscience are eroding and there is more and more reluctance towards mining projects, even from traditionally favourable communities. To face this challenge, promote public interest and outline the contribution of geological science to society, geoscientists of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC-Québec) have designed and put together a portable display that includes a suite of mineral and metal samples considered critical for the sustainable success of Canada's transition towards a clean and digital economy. The display is a user-friendly toolkit that can be used by any GSC geoscientists during outreach activities, in classrooms as well as during public open houses. It comes with straightforward pedagogic material and content, along with presentation scenarios. To broaden and adapt the workshops to specific expectations, additional toolkits were developed and all are contained within easy to carry travel cases. These cover a variety of topics and can be presented as stand-alone displays or be used complementary to one another. For example, the "Mines and minerals" collection may serve as a supplement to the "Critical minerals" display to present every day objects in which minerals are used as well as ores amples from active mines to illustrate the intertwining between mining activities and our everyday lives. Another display covers the ever-popular fossils thematic with the "Sedimentary rocks and fossils" collection and gives an opportunity to address key geoscience themes such as life evolution and biological crisis along with groundwater reservoirs and resources. The "Magmatic rocks" display touches on the formation of rocks from magmas, the different types and active processes of volcanoes, and discusses the risks and benefits related to volcanic activity. Hopefully, these four ready-to-use portable displays will encourage more GSC geoscientists to engage in public oriented activities to make geosciences more accessible, change perceptions and offer an overall tangible scientific experience for people.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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India: Enhancing girls' life skills requires long-term commitment. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1003.

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While adolescents in India face a rapidly changing economic environment, the choices available to unmarried girls are very different from those available to boys. Girls are much less likely than boys to remain unmarried into their twenties, complete middle school, or generate income. Due to social norms, they have limited control over their life choices, and are less likely than boys to be allowed mobility within or beyond their immediate community. In 2001, the Population Council teamed with CARE India to test a pilot intervention to enhance skills and expand life choices for adolescent girls living in the slums of Allahabad. The 10-month intervention tested the effect of the skills intervention on the girls’ reproductive health knowledge, social contacts and mobility, self-esteem, and perception of gender roles. The impacts were assessed using survey responses from girls who were interviewed in both baseline and endline surveys. As noted in this brief, girls and their parents found the life skills training acceptable, but the intervention had little overall impact.
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