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Journal articles on the topic 'SPIO NP'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Javid, Amaneh, Shahin Ahmadian, Ali Akbar Saboury, Seyed Mehdi Kalantar, and Saeed Rezaei-Zarchi. "Novel biodegradable heparin-coated nanocomposite system for targeted drug delivery." RSC Adv. 4, no. 26 (2014): 13719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra43967d.

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HP–SPIO NPs (42 nm) were formulated by co-precipitation. Doxorubicin and paclitaxel were loaded into the SPIO NP core. HP–SPIO NPs had sustained release of DOX (87%) and PTX (75%) at pH 6.0. Drug loaded HP–SPIO NPs caused 95 and 84%, and 85 and 77% apoptosis in A2780 and OVCAR-3 cells, respectively. DOX–HP–SPIO NPs and PTX–HP–SPIO NPs caused a sharp decrease in bcl-2 and survivin proteins.

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2

Aleid, Adham, Khalid Alhussaini, Mohammed Almijalli, and Ali S. Saad. "Estimation of SPIO Nanoparticles Uptakes by Macrophages Using Transmission Electron Microscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 13801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213801.

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Due to their interesting size-dependent magnetic characteristics and relative biocompatibility, magnetic superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have been widely exploited as probes for cell and subcellular structure identification, as well as medication and gene delivery. A thorough understanding of the mechanics of the interaction between nanoparticles and macrophages is vital in managing dynamic processes in nanomedicine. In this study, the interaction behavior and uptake of SPIO nanoparticles by M1- and M2-type macrophages were investigated. Mice monocytes were differentiated into M1 and M2 macrophages, and the uptake of SPIO nanoparticles was studied using a TEM microscope. A high resolution image of 1 nm resolution, an image processing technique, was developed to extract the SPIO-NPs from tomographic TEM microscopic images. Lysosomes appear to be the zones of high concentrations of SPIO inside macrophages. Lysosomes were first selected in each image, and then segmentation by the Otsu thresholding method was used to extract the SPIO-NPs. The Otsu threshold method is a global thresholding technique used to automatically differentiate SPIOs from the background. The SPIO-NPs appear in red colors, and the other pixels in the image are considered background. Then, an estimation of the SPIO-NP uptakes by lysosomes is produced. Higher uptake of all-sized nanoparticles was observed in M1- and M2-type macrophages. An accurate estimation of the number of SPIO-NPs was obtained. This result will help in controlling targeted drug delivery and assessing the safety impact of the use of SPIO-NPs in nanomedicine for humans.

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3

Lin, Martin Hsiu-Chu, Chiu-Yen Chung, Kuo-Tai Chen, Jih-Chao Yeh, Tsong-Hai Lee, Ming-Hsueh Lee, I.-Neng Lee, Wei-Chao Huang, and Jen-Tsung Yang. "Comparison between Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles with Either Surface-Adsorbed or Encapsulated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on the Neural Differentiation of iPSCs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010182.

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The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is vital in the neural differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells, and together may have therapeutic potential for neural regeneration. In this study, a multiplexed polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle (PBCA NP) delivery platform was constructed, incorporating either surface-adsorbed or encapsulated BDNF for the induction of neural differentiation in induced pleuripotent stem cells (iPSCs), where tween 80 (T80) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) were added for central nervous system (CNS) targeting and magnetic resonance (MR) image tracking, respectively. Both methods by which the BDNF was carried resulted in loading efficiencies greater than 95%. The nanoparticle-mediated delivery of BDNF resulted in neural differentiation of iPSCs detected on immunofluorescence staining as early as 7 days, with enhanced differentiation efficiency by 1.3-fold compared to the control on flow cytometry; the delivery system of surface-adsorbed BDNF gave rise to cells that had the best neural development than the encapsulated formulation. T80-coating disrupted the in vitro blood–brain barrier model with a corresponding 1.5- to two-fold increase in permeability. SPIO-loaded PBCA NPs exhibited a concentration-dependent, rapid decay in signal intensity on the phantom MR experiment. This study demonstrates the versatility of the PBCA NP, and the surface-adsorption of BDNF is the preferred method of delivery for the differentiation of iPSCs.

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Dong, Wei, Anqi Huang, Jixiu Huang, Pengying Wu, Shifang Guo, Huasheng Liu, Mengfan Qin, et al. "Plasmid-loadable magnetic/ultrasound-responsive nanodroplets with a SPIO-NP dispersed perfluoropentane core and lipid shell for tumor-targeted intracellular plasmid delivery." Biomaterials Science 8, no. 19 (2020): 5329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0bm00699h.

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5

McNaughton, M. W., K. Johnston, D. R. Swenson, D. Tupa, R. L. York, D. A. Ambrose, P. Coffey, et al. "np-elastic analyzing powerAN0and spin transferKNN." Physical Review C 48, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.48.256.

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6

Haffter, P., C. Brogli-Gysin, J. Campbell, D. Fritschi, J. Götz, M. Hammans, R. Henneck, et al. "Spin-dependent np total cross section." Nuclear Physics A 548, no. 1 (October 1992): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(92)90074-t.

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7

SHARMA, S. K., and U. KHANAL. "PERTURBATION OF FRW SPACETIME IN NP FORMALISM." International Journal of Modern Physics D 23, no. 02 (January 29, 2014): 1450017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814500175.

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Jacobi polynomials appear to play a very important role in describing all the spin field (s = 0, 1/2, 1, 2) perturbation of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) spacetime. The formulation becomes very transparent when done in Newman–Penrose (NP) formalism. All the variables are separable, and the spatial eigenfunctions turn out to be Jacobian polynomials in different forms. In particular, the angular ones are expressible as spin weighted spherical harmonics which are just the spherical harmonics formed with Jacobi polynomials. The radial eigenfunctions are also Jacobi polynomials but with unconventional parameters. Various properties of these polynomials are used to describe the scalar, vector and tensor modes of the perturbation. The Green's function of the scalar perturbations and also its Lienard–Wiechert type potentials are derived, and are shown to reduce to the familiar ones in the limit to flat FRW case. Some of the components of the perturbed metric tensor hμν have also been calculated.

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8

Huang, Y. W., C. K. Lo, and Y. D. Yao. "Spin-valve transistor with a NP junction." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 304, no. 1 (September 2006): e279-e281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.02.018.

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9

Orus, R. "Two slightly-entangled NP-complete problems." Quantum Information and Computation 5, no. 6 (September 2005): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic5.6-3.

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We perform a mathematical analysis of the classical computational complexity of two genuine quantum-mechanical problems, which are inspired in the calculation of the expected magnetizations and the entanglement between subsystems for a quantum spin system. These problems, which we respectively call SES and SESSP, are specified in terms of pure slightly-entangled quantum states of $n$ qubits, and rigorous mathematical proofs that they belong to the NP-Complete complexity class are presented. Both SES and SESSP are, therefore, computationally equivalent to the relevant $3$-SAT problem, for which an efficient algorithm is yet to be discovered.

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10

AFANASJEV, A. V. "HIGH-SPIN STRUCTURES AS THE PROBES OF PROTON-NEUTRON PAIRING." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 02 (February 2007): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307005715.

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Rotating N = Z nuclei in the mass A = 58-80 region have been studied within the framework of isovector mean field theory. Available data is well and systematically described in the calculations. The present study supports the presence of strong isovector np pair field at low spin, which is, however, destroyed at high spin. No clear evidence for the existence of the isoscalar t = 0 np pairing has been found.

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11

Pan, Feng, Yingwen He, Lianrong Dai, Chong Qi, and Jerry P. Draayer. "np-Pair Correlations in the Isovector Pairing Model." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081405.

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A diagonalization scheme for the shell model mean-field plus isovector pairing Hamiltonian in the O(5) tensor product basis of the quasi-spin SUΛ(2) ⊗ SUI(2) chain is proposed. The advantage of the diagonalization scheme lies in the fact that not only can the isospin-conserved, charge-independent isovector pairing interaction be analyzed, but also the isospin symmetry breaking cases. More importantly, the number operator of the np-pairs can be realized in this neutron and proton quasi-spin basis, with which the np-pair occupation number and its fluctuation at the J = 0+ ground state of the model can be evaluated. As examples of the application, binding energies and low-lying J = 0+ excited states of the even–even and odd–odd N∼Z ds-shell nuclei are fit in the model with the charge-independent approximation, from which the neutron–proton pairing contribution to the binding energy in the ds-shell nuclei is estimated. It is observed that the decrease in the double binding-energy difference for the odd–odd nuclei is mainly due to the symmetry energy and Wigner energy contribution to the binding energy that alter the pairing staggering patten. The np-pair amplitudes in the np-pair stripping or picking-up process of these N = Z nuclei are also calculated.

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12

NAGASHIMA, MAKIKO, ALEJANDRO SZYNKMAN, and DAVID LONDON. "U-SPIN TESTS OF THE STANDARD MODEL AND NEW PHYSICS." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 16 (May 30, 2008): 1175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308027023.

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Within the standard model, a relation involving branching ratios and direct CP asymmetries holds for the B-decay pairs that are related by U-spin. The violation of this relation indicates new physics (NP). In this paper, we assume that the NP affects only the ΔS = 1 decays, and show that the NP operators are generally the same as those appearing in B → πK decays. The fit to the latest B → πK data shows that only one NP operator is sizeable. As a consequence, the relation is expected to be violated for only one decay pair: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

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13

Glagolev, V. V., J. Hlaváčová, M. S. Khvastunov, N. B. Ladygina, G. Martinská, J. Mušinský, B. Pastirčák, N. M. Piskunov, T. Siemiarczuk, and J. Urbán. "Spin-dependent np → pn amplitude estimated from dp → ppn." European Physical Journal A 15, no. 4 (December 2002): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2002-10053-5.

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14

Gal, J., I. Yaar, D. Regev, S. Fredo, G. Shani, E. Arbaboff, W. Potzel, et al. "Spin-glass behavior ofAFe4Al8(A=Th,U,Np) intermetallics." Physical Review B 42, no. 13 (November 1, 1990): 8507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.42.8507.

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15

Gupta, Rohit K., Supriya Kar, and R. Nitish. "Aspects of gravitational wave/particle duality: Bulk torsion ↔boundary gravity correspondence." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 02 (January 2020): 2050019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820500194.

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A geometric torsion (GT) underlying a [Formula: see text]-form in a [Formula: see text]-dimensional [Formula: see text] gauge theory is revisited with a renewed perspective for a nonperturbation (NP) gravity in [Formula: see text]. In this context, we provide evidences to a holographic correspondence between a bulk GT and a boundary NP gravity. Interestingly the Killing symmetries in General Relativity (GR) are shown to provide a subtle clue to the quantum gravity. The NP gravity is shown to incorporate a [Formula: see text] coupling, sourced by a non-Newtonian potential, to an exact geometry in GR. Remarkably the NP correction is identified as a mass dipole and is shown to be sourced by a propagating GT. A detailed analysis is performed in a bulk GT to show a modification to the precession of perihelion in a boundary NP gravity. The perspective of an electromagnetic (EM) wave in the bulk is investigated to reveal a spin [Formula: see text] (mass-less) quantum sourced by an apparent 2-form. A Goldstone scalar is absorbed by the apparent 2-form to describe a massive [Formula: see text]-form in the coulomb gauge. Alternately a Goldstone scalar together with a local degree of GT and 2-form is argued to govern a composite (mass-less) spin [Formula: see text] particle in Lorentz gauge. Both the scenarios, further ensure a graviton in a boundary NP gravity. A qualitative analysis reveals a (noninteracting) graviton underlying a plausible gravitational wave/particle duality in NP gravity.

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16

Parto, Midya, William E. Hayenga, Alireza Marandi, Demetrios N. Christodoulides, and Mercedeh Khajavikhan. "Nanolaser-based emulators of spin Hamiltonians." Nanophotonics 9, no. 13 (July 10, 2020): 4193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0230.

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AbstractFinding the solution to a large category of optimization problems, known as the NP-hard class, requires an exponentially increasing solution time using conventional computers. Lately, there has been intense efforts to develop alternative computational methods capable of addressing such tasks. In this regard, spin Hamiltonians, which originally arose in describing exchange interactions in magnetic materials, have recently been pursued as a powerful computational tool. Along these lines, it has been shown that solving NP-hard problems can be effectively mapped into finding the ground state of certain types of classical spin models. Here, we show that arrays of metallic nanolasers provide an ultra-compact, on-chip platform capable of implementing spin models, including the classical Ising and XY Hamiltonians. Various regimes of behavior including ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, as well as geometric frustration are observed in these structures. Our work paves the way towards nanoscale spin-emulators that enable efficient modeling of large-scale complex networks.

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17

RAMACHANDRAN, G., and P. N. DEEPAK. "RADIATIVE CAPTURE OF POLARIZED NEUTRONS BY POLARIZED PROTONS." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 18 (June 14, 2004): 1411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304013696.

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A model-independent irreducible tensor approach is presented for the np fusion reaction. Appropriate spin-observables are identified to determine empirically the initial spin singlet and triplet contributions to the differential cross-section, in view of the recent experimental interest in studying radiative capture of polarized neutrons by polarized protons.

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18

Wu, Liang, Wenzhe Zhou, Dehe Zhang, and Fangping Ouyang. "Theoretical study of spin-orbit coupling in Janus monolayer MA₂Z₄." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2263, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2263/1/012014.

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Abstract In this paper, based on first-principles calculations, we investigate the energy valley and spin-orbit coupling properties of Janus monolayer MA2Z4. The stability of different structures is illustrated. Due to the breaking of mirror symmetry, Rashba splitting occurs at the Γ point in the band structures of Janus monolayers WSiGeN4 and WSi2(NP)2. The relationship between Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength and potential energy gradient and d-orbital composition is explored. Janus monolayer WSi2(NP)2 has stronger Rashba effect than WSiGeN4 due to the strong asymmetry of the d orbital of W atom. These results help to promote the application of two-dimensional materials in spintronics and valleytronics.

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19

Aurélio, David, and Jana Vejpravova. "Understanding Magnetization Dynamics of a Magnetic Nanoparticle with a Disordered Shell Using Micromagnetic Simulations." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061149.

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Spin disorder effects influence magnetization dynamics and equilibrium magnetic properties of real nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, we use micromagnetic simulations to try to better understand these effects, in particular, on how the magnetization reversal is projected in the character of the hysteresis loops at different temperatures. In our simulation study, we consider a prototype NP adopting a magnetic core-shell model, with magnetically coherent core and somewhat disordered shell, as it is one of the common spin architectures in real NPs. The size of the core is fixed to 5.5 nm in diameter and the shell thickness ranges from 0.5 nm to 3 nm. As a starting point in the simulations, we used typical experimental values obtained for a cobalt ferrite NP of a comparable size investigated previously. The simulations enabled us to study systematically the macrospin dynamics of the prototype NP and to address the interplay between the magnetic anisotropies of the core and the shell, respectively. We also demonstrate how the computational time step, run time, damping parameter, and thermal field influence the simulation results. In agreement with experimental studies, we observed that the direction and magnitude of the shell anisotropy influences the effective magnetic size of the core in the applied magnetic field. We conclude that micromagnetic simulations, in spite of being designed for much larger scales are a useful toolbox for understanding the magnetization processes within a single domain NP with an ordered spin structure in the core and partially disordered spins in the shell.

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20

Eichele, Klaus, Roderick E. Wasylishen, Robert W. Schurko, Neil Burford, and W. Alex Whitla. "An unusually large value of 1J(31P,31P) for a solid triphenylphosphine phosphadiazonium cationic complex: determination of the sign of J from 2D spin-echo experiments." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 2372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-264.

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Phosphorus-31 NMR spectra of a solid triphenylphosphine phosphadiazonium salt, [Mes*NP-PPh3][SO3CF3], have been acquired at 4.7 and 9.4 T. Analysis of the spectra obtained with magic-angle spinning indicates that the two phosphorus nuclei are strongly spin–spin coupled, [Formula: see text], despite the unusually long P—P separation, rP,P = 2.625 Å. Two-dimensional spin-echo spectra provide convincing evidence that 1J(31P,31P) is negative. Semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations at the INDO level support the negative sign for 1J(31P,31P). A large span, 576 ppm, is observed for the chemical shift tensor of the two-coordinate phosphorus centre (δ11 = 307 ppm, δ22 = 174 ppm, δ33 = −269 ppm), which is very similar to the value previously reported for the non-coordinated phosphorus centre in the free Lewis acid, [Mes*NP][AlCl4]. The principal components and orientations of the phosphorus shielding tensors of these compounds are compared with those calculated for [HNP]+ and its phosphine adduct using the ab initio Gauge-Including Atomic Orbitals method. The phosphorus chemical shift tensor of the triphenylphosphine moiety has a relatively small span of 33 ppm. Key words: spin–spin coupling constants, solid-state NMR, 31P NMR, MO calculations, phosphadiazonium cation, P—P bonds.

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21

Chang, Xin, Shunpu Li, and Daping Chu. "Sensing of Oxygen Partial Pressure in Air with ZnO Nanoparticles." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020562.

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The demand for sensors in response to oxygen partial pressure in air is increasingly high in recent years and small-size sensors on a micrometer scale and even a nanometer scale are particularly desirable. In this paper, the sensing of oxygen partial pressure in air was realized by a solution-processed ZnO nanoparticle (NP). Thin-film ZnO NP was prepared by spin-coating and a highly sensitive sensor was then fabricated. The oxygen sensing performance was characterized in air and compared with that in nitrogen, which showed an increase in electrical conductance by more than 100 times as a result of decreasing oxygen partial pressure from 103 mBar to 10−5 mBar. Moreover, higher sensitivity was achieved by increasing the annealing temperature and the effect of thermal annealing was also investigated. Furthermore, ZnO NP lines with 7 μm in width were successfully patterned with low cost by a mould-guided drying technique from ZnO NP dispersion, which makes ZnO NP extremely promising for miniaturized and integrated sensing applications.

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22

Dolgij, S. A., G. P. Nikolaevsky, A. A. Nomofilov, V. I. Sharov, A. Yu Starikov, I. V. Zaijtsev, and S. A. Zaporozhets. "Spin-rotating magnet for the ΔσL(np) experiment at LHEP JINR." Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 10, no. 7 (December 2013): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1547477113070121.

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23

Green, F. "More about NP-completeness in the frustration model of spin-glasses." OR Spektrum 9, no. 3 (September 1987): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01721098.

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24

Huang, Chun-Yuan, Sheng-Po Chang, Arjun G. Ansay, Zi-Hao Wang, and Chih-Chiang Yang. "Ambient-Processed, Additive-Assisted CsPbBr3 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with Colloidal NiOx Nanoparticles for Efficient Hole Transporting." Coatings 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040336.

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In this study, the electrically driven perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) were investigated by hybridizing the organic polyethylene oxide, 1,3,5-tris (N-phenylbenzimiazole-2-yl) benzene (TPBi), and bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl) iridium III (FIrpic) with CsPbBr3 in the emission layer and adopting the colloidal NiOx nanoparticle (NP) hole transport layer. The synthesized NiOx NPs, having an average size of ~5 nm, can be spin-coated to become a smooth and close-packed film on the indium–tin–oxide anode. The NiOx NP layer possesses an overall transmittance of ~80% at 520 nm, which is about the peak position of electroluminescence (EL) spectra of CsPbBr3 emission layer. The coating procedures of NiOx NP and CsPbBr3 layers were carried out in ambient air. The novel PeLED turned on at 2.4 V and emitted bright EL of 4456 cd/m2 at 7 V, indicating the remarkable nonradiative-related defect elimination by organic additive addition and significant charge balance achieved by the NiOx NP layer.

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25

ROY, PRIANKA, and SHASHI K. DHIMAN. "NEUTRON–PROTON PAIRING CORRELATION FOR THE ROTATIONAL MOTION OF N = Z72Kr, 76Sr, AND 80Zr NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 08 (August 2011): 1687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311019568.

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The high-spin state properties of the neutron–proton (np) residual effective interaction are analyzed in N = Z72 Kr , 76 Sr , and 80 Zr nuclei. The self-consistent microscopic Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (HFB) equations have been solved by employing monopole corrected two-body effective interaction. A band crossing is observed in 72 Kr nucleus at J = 14ℏ state with monopole corrected "HPU1" and "HPU2" effective interactions. The VAP–HFB theory suggests that the "4p–4h" excitations by np residual interaction are the essential ingredients of the mean-field description of the occurence of backbending in 72 Kr nucleus.

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Dagnelund, D., X. J. Wang, I. P. Vorona, I. A. Buyanova, W. M. Chen, A. Utsumi, Y. Furukawa, S. Moon, A. Wakahara, and H. Yonezu. "Spin resonance spectroscopy of grown-in defects in Ga(In)NP alloys." Superlattices and Microstructures 43, no. 5-6 (May 2008): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2007.07.008.

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27

Israelowitz, Miriam, Jennifer Amey, Tao Cong, and Radhakrishna Sureshkumar. "Spin Coated Plasmonic Nanoparticle Interfaces for Photocurrent Enhancement in Thin Film Si Solar Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/639458.

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Nanoparticle (NP) arrays of noble metals strongly absorb light in the visible to infrared wavelengths through resonant interactions between the incident electromagnetic field and the metal’s free electron plasma. Such plasmonic interfaces enhance light absorption and photocurrent in solar cells. We report a cost-effective and scalable room temperature/pressure spin-coating route to fabricate broadband plasmonic interfaces consisting of silver NPs. The NP interface yields photocurrent enhancement (PE) in thin film silicon devices by up to 200% which is significantly greater than previously reported values. For coatings produced from Ag nanoink containing particles with average diameter of 40 nm, an optimal NP surface coverageϕof 7% is observed. Scanning electron microscopy of interface morphologies revealed that for lowϕ, particles are well separated, resulting in broadband PE. At higherϕ, formation of particle strings and clusters causes red-shifting of the PE peak and a narrower spectral response.

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Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, Md Wasi Ahmad, Huan Yue, Son Long Ho, Ji Ae Park, Ki-Hye Jung, Hyunsil Cha, et al. "In Vivo Positive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications of Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid)-coated Ultra-small Paramagnetic Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051159.

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The study of ultra-small paramagnetic gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) as in vivo positive (T1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents is one of the most attractive fields in nanomedicine. The performance of the Gd2O3 NP imaging agents depends on the surface-coating materials. In this study, poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) was used as a surface-coating polymer. The PMVEMA-coated paramagnetic ultra-small Gd2O3 NPs with an average particle diameter of 1.9 nm were synthesized using the one-pot polyol method. They exhibited excellent colloidal stability in water and good biocompatibility. They also showed a very high longitudinal water proton spin relaxivity (r1) value of 36.2 s−1mM−1 (r2/r1 = 2.0; r2 = transverse water proton spin relaxivity) under a 3.0 tesla MR field which is approximately 10 times higher than the r1 values of commercial molecular contrast agents. High positive contrast enhancements were observed in in vivo T1 MR images after intravenous administration of the NP solution sample, demonstrating its potential as a T1 MRI contrast agent.

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29

Apostolova, Iliana, Angel Apostolov, and Julia Wesselinowa. "Magnetic, Optical and Phonon Properties of Ion-Doped MgO Nanoparticles. Application for Magnetic Hyperthermia." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062353.

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The influence of size and doping effects on the magnetization M, phonon ω and band gap energy Eg of MgO nanoparticles is studied using a microscopic model. The room-temperature ferromagnetism is due to surface or/and doping effects in MgO nanoparticles (NPs). The influence of the spin–phonon interaction is discussed. M increases with decreasing NP size. M and Eg can increase or decrease by different ion doping (Co, Al, La, Fe) due to the different strain that appears. It changes the lattice parameters and the exchange interaction constants. We found that MgO NP with size of 20 nm and Fe- or Co-doping concentration x = 0.1 and x = 0.2, respectively, have a Curie temperature TC = 315 K, i.e., they are appropriate for application in magnetic hyperthermia, they satisfy the conditions for that. The energy of the phonon mode ω = 448 cm−1 increases with decreasing NP size. It increases with increasing Co and Fe, or decreases with Sr ion doping.

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GARCIA DE ANDRADE, L. C. "NEUTRINO ASYMMETRY IN GENERAL RELATIVISTIC ROTATING RADIATIVE STARS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, no. 06 (July 2003): 1047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271803003323.

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Neutrino asymmetry in general relativistic radiative spacetime exterior to spinning stars is investigating by making use of Newman–Penrose (NP) spin coefficient formalism. It is shown that neutrino current depends on the direction of rotation of the star. The solution is obtained in test field approximation where the neutrinos do not generate gravitational fields.

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31

Bahtiar, Ayi, Siti Halimah Tusaddiah, Wendy Paramandhita S. Mustikasari, Lusi Safriani, Mariah Kartawidjaja, Kei Kanazawa, Ippei Enokida, Yukio Furukawa, and Isao Watanabe. "Optical, Structural and Morphological Properties of Ternary Thin Film Blend of P3HT:PCBM:ZnO Nanoparticles." Materials Science Forum 827 (August 2015): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.119.

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Ternary blend film of conjugated polymer, fullerene and inorganic nanoparticles has intensively studied as active material for high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells. The incorporation of two electron acceptor materials of organic fullerene and inorganic nanoparticles into hybrid with electron donor conjugated polymer is strongly believed can improve the PCE of solar cells by increasing exciton dissociation efficiency due to an increase of interface area between donor and acceptor materials where the positive and negative charges dissociated. We studied optical, structural and morphological properties of ternary thin film containing blend of conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT):fullerene derivative PCBM:Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) by measuring its optical absorption, crystal structure and film surface morphology. Zinc oxide nanoparticle was prepared by sol-gel method. It has optical absorption below 370 nm and average particle size 40 nm as shown by TEM picture. Ternary thin blend films of P3HT:PCBM:ZnO-NP were prepared by use of spin-coating method. The UV-Vis spectrum of thin film contains absorption peaks originated from contribution of P3HT at wavelengths 520 nm, 550 nm and 600 nm, from contribution of PCBM at 260 nm and 330 nm and from ZnO-NP at wavelengths below 370 nm which confirms that these three materials were well mixed in the films. Its XRD pattern also contains the peaks from each of these three-materials. In this report, we compare surface morphology of thin films of pure P3HT, pure ZnO-NP, blend of P3HT:PCBM, blend of P3HT:ZnO-NP and ternary blend of P3HT:PCBM:ZnO-NP.

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Shick, A. B., and V. A. Gubanov. "Electronic Structure of U, Np, Pu Impurities in Thorium: Spin-Polarized Relativistic Calculations." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 21, no. 5 (February 10, 1993): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/21/5/016.

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Wissink, S. W. "Implications for the pNN Coupling Constant from pp and np Spin Transfer Measurements." Physica Scripta T87, no. 1 (2000): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.087a00026.

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Manssen, Markus, and Alexander K. Hartmann. "Matrix-power energy-landscape transformation for finding NP-hard spin-glass ground states." Journal of Global Optimization 61, no. 1 (February 9, 2014): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10898-014-0153-7.

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Ockenfels, M., F. Meyer, T. Köble, W. von Witsch, J. Weltz, K. Wingender, and G. Wollmann. "Measurement of the spin transfer parameter Ky'y in np scattering at 25.8 MeV." Nuclear Physics A 526, no. 1 (April 1991): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(91)90300-u.

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Park, Taeho, Kyoungah Cho, Seunggen Yang, and Sangsig Kim. "Thermoelectric Characteristics of Ultrathin Ag2Se Films with Durability Against Mechanical Stress." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 4462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19429.

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In this study, we investigated thermoelectric materials with durability against mechanical stress using Ag2Se nanoparticle (NP) thin films and colorless polyimide (CPI) substrates. Ag2Se NP thin films and CPI substrates were produced by spin-coating, and their thicknesses were 40 nm and 15 μm, respectively. A bendable thermoelectric film with a channel length of 40 μm and a channel area of 1.6 μm2 generated a Seebeck voltage of 1.43 mV at a temperature difference of 4.5 K. Owing to the thickness of the extremely thin thermoelectric film and substrate, the mechanical strain was only 0.15% even when the thermoelectric devices were bent with a curvature of 3 mm. Therefore, it was determined that the bendable thermoelectric film was robust against mechanical stress.

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Kim, Sangho, Gwan Seung Jeong, Na Yeon Park, and Jea-Young Choi. "Omnidirectional and Broadband Antireflection Effect with Tapered Silicon Nanostructures Fabricated with Low-Cost and Large-Area Capable Nanosphere Lithography." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020119.

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In this report, we present a process for the fabrication and tapering of a silicon (Si) nanopillar (NP) array on a large Si surface area wafer (2-inch diameter) to provide enhanced light harvesting for Si solar cell application. From our N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF) solvent-controlled spin-coating method, silica nanosphere (SNS in 310 nm diameter) coating on the Si surface was demonstrated successfully with improved monolayer coverage (>95%) and uniformity. After combining this method with a reactive ion etching (RIE) technique, a high-density Si NP array was produced, and we revealed that controlled tapering of Si NPs could be achieved after introducing a two-step RIE process using (1) CHF3/Ar gases for SNS selective etching over Si and (2) Cl2 gas for Si vertical etching. From our experimental and computational study, we show that an effectively tapered Si NP (i.e., an Si nanotip (NT)) structure could offer a highly effective omnidirectional and broadband antireflection effect for high-efficiency Si solar cell application.

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Jemioł, Maciej. "Struktury narracyjne w edukacji z perspektywy etycznej." Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana 25, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/spi.2022.3.005.

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Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przyjrzenie się temu, w jaki sposób rozmaite dotyczące edukacji problemy natury etycznej powiązane są ze strukturami narracyjnymi, które występują w procesach edukacyjnych. Wywód, oparty o uwagi m.in. Michaela Oakeshotta, Erika H. Eriksona, Richarda Pringa i Arthura C. Danto dotyczy zwłaszcza trzech rodzajów takich narracji: instrumentalnych, obiektywnych i podmiotowych. Narracje instrumentalne, czyli te wykorzystywane przez nauczycieli w procesach dydaktycznych (np. bajki, anegdoty) przywołane są tu w kontekście problemu reprezentacji marginalizowanych grup w systemie szkolnictwa. Narracje obiektywne, dotyczące świata i funkcjonujących w nim systemów społecznych, omawia się tutaj w odniesieniu do zasady moralnej Eriksona, która głosi, że należy czynić drugiemu to, co przyczyni się do jego rozwoju w tej samej mierze w jakiej przyczyni się do naszego. Narracje podmiotowe, a więc te, które opowiadają sobie sami uczniowie i nauczyciele i które dotyczą ich życia, ukazane są w świetle potrzeby moralnego wychowania młodzieży. W każdym z tym przypadków odsłania się obraz perspektywy struktur narracyjnych jako dobrego formalnego odniesienia dla debat nad moralnymi problemami edukacji.

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Lv, Zhong-Peng, Tao Wang, Jing-Yuan Ge, Zhong-Zhi Luan, Di Wu, Jing-Lin Zuo, and Shouheng Sun. "Controlling the assembly and spin transport of tetrathiafulvalene carboxylate coated iron oxide nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 29 (2017): 7200–7206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01021d.

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The transport mechanism and magnetoresistance of tetrathiafulvalene-carboxylate-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle assemblies are finely tuned using controlled ligand engineering, solvent-polarity and NP assembly patterns.

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40

Ikezaki, Akira, and Mikio Nakamura. "Effects of porphyrin deformation on the 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts in high-spin five- and six-coordinate manganese(III) porphyrin complexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 20, no. 01n04 (January 2016): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424616500085.

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As an extension of our study to reveal the effect of porphyrin deformation on the [Formula: see text]C and 1H NMR chemical shifts, both five- and six-coordinate high-spin (S [Formula: see text] 2) Mn(III) complexes such as Mn(Por)Cl and [Mn(Por)(CD3OD)2]Cl have been prepared, where Por is a porphyrin dianion such as TPP, OMTPP, and T[Formula: see text]PrP. Molecular structures of five-coordinate Mn(OMTPP)Cl and Mn(TiPrP)Cl have been determined by the X-ray crystallographic analysis. As expected, Mn(OMTPP)Cl and Mn(TiPrP)Cl have exhibited a highly saddled and highly ruffled porphyrin core, respectively. The [Formula: see text]C NMR spectra have revealed that these complexes generally exhibit the [Formula: see text]-pyrrole signals at the downfield positions and [Formula: see text]-pyrrole an. meso signals at the upfield positions. The results suggest that the spin polarization of Mn(III)–NP σ bonds, which occurs in all the high-spin Mn(III) complexes, is the major factor to determine the chemical shifts of the porphyrin carbon signals (Cheng, R.-J.; Chang, S.-H.; Hung, K.-C. Inorg. Chem. 2007; 46: 1948–1950). Although th. meso and [Formula: see text]-pyrrole signals are observed at the upfield and downfield positions, respectively, these signals are widely dispersed depending on the deformation mode of the porphyrin ring. The results have been explained in terms of the strong spin polarization of the Mn–NP bond together with the specific metal-porphyrin orbital interactions such as: (i) the a2u-dz2 interaction in five-coordinate complexes, (ii) the a2u-dxy interaction in ruffled complexes, and (iii) the a2u-dx2-y2 interaction in saddled complexes.

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41

Bansal, N., S. Bravyi, and B. M. Terhal. "Classical approximation schemes for the ground-state energy of quantum and classical Ising spin Hamiltonians on planar graphs." Quantum Information and Computation 9, no. 7&8 (July 2009): 701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic9.7-8-12.

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We describe a classical approximation algorithm for evaluating the ground state energy of the classical Ising Hamiltonian with linear terms on an arbitrary planar graph. The running time of the algorithm grows linearly with the number of spins and exponentially with $1/\epsilon$, where $\epsilon$ is the worst-case relative error. This result contrasts the well known fact that exact computation of the ground state energy for the two-dimensional Ising spin glass model is NP-hard. We also present a classical approximation algorithm for the quantum Local Hamiltonian Problem or Quantum Ising Spin Glass problem on a planar graph {\em with bounded degree} which is known to be a QMA-complete problem. Using a different technique we find a classical approximation algorithm for the quantum Ising spin glass problem on the simplest planar graph with unbounded degree, the star graph.

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42

KONDOR, I. "SPIN GLASSES IN THE TRADING BOOK." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 03, no. 03 (July 2000): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024900000516.

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The standard model defined in the Capital Adequacy Directive issued by the EEC in 1993 imposes nonlinear constraints on certain parts of the trading portfolios of financial institutions. It is shown that an institution that complies with the rules of the standard model but wants to optimize its portfolio according to some internal criteria, such as minimizing the variance or the VaR, faces a computational problem equivalent to finding the ground states of a long range spin glass. This problem is known to be NP-complete, and to have exponentially many solutions which are extremely sensitive to any changes of the input parameters.

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43

Wu, Qi, Zhen Yao, and Jianfeng Li. "Synthesis and characterization of (cryptand-222)potassium (2-methylimidazolato)(meso-tetraphenylporphinato)ferrate(II)–2-methylimidazole–tetrahydrofuran (1/1/2)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 9 (August 8, 2017): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617009202.

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Metalloporphyrin complexes containing an additional imidazole ligand can provide information about the effect of deprotonation or hydrogen bonding on the axial histidine unit in heme proteins. The title high-spin five-coordinate imidazolate-ligated iron(II) porphyrinate, [K(C18H36N2O6)][Fe(C4H5N2)(C44H28N4)]·C4H6N2·2C4H8O, has been synthesized and investigated. The solvated salt crystallizes with one 2-methylimidazole molecule, two tetrahydrofuran solvent molecules and a potassium cation chelated inside a cryptand-222 (4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane) molecule. The imidazolate ligand is ordered. The average Fe—Np (Np is a porphyrin N atom) bond length is 2.113 (11) Å and the axial Fe—NIm (NIm is an imidazolate N atom) is 2.0739 (13) Å. The out-of-plane displacement of the FeII atom from the 24-atom mean plane is 0.6098 (5) Å, indicating an apparent doming of the porphyrin core.

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44

KUMAR, VINOD, SURESH KUMAR, SUSHIL KUMAR, ZAFRUL HASAN, BIPIN SINGH KORANGA, DEEPAK KUMAR, DINESH NEGI, and LEE ANGUS. "A SEMI-CLASSICAL APPROACH TO SIGNATURE SPLITTING AND SIGNATURE INVERSION IN ODD–ODD NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 06 (June 2011): 1455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311018447.

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The signature inversion observed in rotational bands belonging to high-j configurations of odd–odd deformed nuclei has been analyzed within the framework of an axially symmetric rotor plus two-particle model. The Coriolis and n–p interaction are considered the main cause of energy staggering. However, γ-triaxial deformation and the numbers of valence protons, Np, and neutrons, Nn also contribute to the energy staggering between odd- and even-spin states.

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45

Draus, Jan. "Związki Jana Hulewicza ze Stanisławem Kotem." Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana 25, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/spi.2022.2.001.

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Przedmiotem analizy podjętej w artykule jest zagadnienie relacji naukowych, politycznych i towarzyskich łączących Jana Hulewicza i Stanisława Kota, dwóch wybitnych uczonych, profesorów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, badaczy historii wychowania i kultury umysłowej Rzeczpospolitej, a zarazem aktywnych uczestników życia polityczno-społecznego Polski w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Na podstawie dotychczasowych opracowań biograficznych, a także materiałów źródłowych dostępnych w archiwach Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego oraz Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej tekst prezentuje w układzie chronologicznym etapy edukacji oraz meandry kariery zawodowej i akademickiej, działalność polityczną oraz późniejsze koleje życia obu uczonych. Cztery wyróżnione okresy to czas autonomii galicyjskiej, dwudziestolecie Polski międzywojennej, II wojna światowa oraz okres pojałtański. Omawiając biografie uczonych, artykuł zwraca uwagę na liczne podobieństwa w ich przebiegu – m.in. początki karier naukowych związane ze środowiskiem lwowskim i filologią polską, a twórczo kontynuowane w środowisku krakowskim w dziedzinie historii kultury i edukacji; wierność zasadom ideowym; wspólne środowisko polityczno-ideowe i zaangażowanie w służbę państwu polskiemu. Pomimo „żelaznej kurtyny” i komunistycznych represji, współpraca uczonych nie została zerwana. Hulewicz kontynuował i rozwijał w kraju ważne inicjatywy Kota, np. serię wydawniczą „Biblioteka Narodowa”, doprowadził do wydania księgi pamiątkowej ku czci Mistrza, zabiegał o wydanie pamiętników Wincentego Witosa w opracowaniu Profesora. Został również depozytariuszem spuścizny i wykonawcą jego ostatniej woli.

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46

Chang, Qin, Jie Zhu, Na Wang, and Ru-Min Wang. "Probing the Effects of New Physics in B¯⁎→Plν¯l Decays." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7231354.

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The significant divergence between the SM predictions and experimental measurements for the ratios, RD(⁎)≡B(B¯→D(⁎)τ-ν¯τ)/B(B¯→D(⁎)l′-ν¯l′) with (l′=e,μ), implies possible hint of new physics in the flavor sector. In this paper, motivated by the “RD(⁎) puzzle” and abundant B⁎ data samples at high-luminosity heavy-flavor experiments in the future, we try to probe possible effects of new physics in the semileptonic B¯u,d,s⁎→Pl-ν¯l (P=D,Ds,π,K) decays induced by b→(u,c)l-ν¯l transitions in the model-independent vector and scalar scenarios. Using the spaces of NP parameters obtained by fitting to the data of RD and RD⁎, the NP effects on the observables including branching fraction, ratio RP⁎, lepton spin asymmetry, and lepton forward-backward asymmetry are studied in detail. We find that the vector type couplings have large effects on the branching fraction and ratio RP⁎. Meanwhile, the scalar type couplings provide significant contributions to all of the observables. The future measurements of these observables in the B¯⁎→Pl-ν¯l decays at the LHCb and Belle-II could provide a way to crosscheck the various NP solutions to the “RD(⁎) puzzle”.

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47

Cook, Michael J., and Isabelle Chambrier. "Unmasking the chemistry and properties of non-peripherally octasubstituted phthalocyanines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 15, no. 03 (March 2011): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424611003100.

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The paper reviews the development of the chemistry, properties and applications of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25- (or non-peripheral) octasubstituted phthalocyanines that has been undertaken at the University of East Anglia over the last quarter of a century. The research has proved valuable for initiating and developing a number of areas of phthalocyanine science, not least because the compounds exhibit a number of properties seldom shared by Pc derivatives with other substitution patterns. In particular the compounds are obtained isomerically pure and the substituents' location at the non-peripheral sites as opposed to the peripheral positions ensures superior solubility and lower aggregation in most hydrophobic solvents. A further significant difference between isomeric non-peripheral (np)- and peripheral (p)-octasubstituted compounds is the effect of substituents on the energy of the Q-band, those at the former positions leading to more significant bathochromic shifts of this absorption band into the near infra-red. Examples of np-octasubstituted derivatives exhibit columnar mesophase behavior, a property shared by their p-octasubstituted counterparts. The favorable solubility of the np-octasubstituted compounds, including examples in which one of the four benzenoid rings bears different substituents from those on the other three (so called AAAB structures), in organic solvents facilitates their deposition as thin film formulations. A high degree of molecular organisation within Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of amphiphilic AAAB compounds has been investigated using various methods. Spin-coated films of certain AAAA and AAAB series of compounds have been shown to contain layer structuring and purpose designed AAAB compounds have been used in formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The use of LB and spin-coated films within electrical devices is described. Various applications of SAMs deposited on gold surfaces have been explored including gas sensing. Recent attention has focused on their use, when deposited onto gold nanoparticles, for applications in PDT, an approach complementing more conventional PDT studies. The principal challenge for obtaining the np-octasubstituted compounds is in preparing the precursor phthalonitriles. Though 3,6-dialkoxyphthalonitriles are readily prepared, early access to the 3,6-dialkylphthalonitriles was somewhat laborious. However, more convenient syntheses of the latter are now available through metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Interesting contrasts in the reactivity of 3,6-dialkylphthalonitriles and 4,5-dialkylphthalonitriles have been uncovered. Thus reactions of the former with excess lithium in alcoholic solvents or with excess MeMgBr provide particularly ready access to examples of macrocycles that are hybrids of the Pc and tetrabenzoporphyrin structures. This level of reactivity is very different among the 4,5-dialkylphthalonitriles. Unexpectedly limited reactivity of np-octahexylsubstituted Si(OH)2Pc in condensation reactions has been exploited to provide a basis for the stepwise construction of m-oxo linked hetero-chromophore arrays. Finally, the unexpected construction of the novel EPR active Cd2Pc3 complexes from both np- and p-octaalkyl substituted CdPcs provided examples where both series behaved similarly – in contrast to behavior exhibited by alternatively substituted CdPcs investigated to date.

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Finger, M. "Spin observables in np elastic scattering in the energy range 200–600 MeV. Complete experiment." Physics of Particles and Nuclei 39, no. 3 (May 2008): 348–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063779608030027.

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Hua, Tao, Xuechao Zhai, Zhihong Yang, Shendong Wang, and Bin Li. "Electric-field strength and doping level controlled spin-valley transport in a silicene np junction." Solid State Communications 244 (October 2016): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2016.06.020.

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Finger, M. "Spin observables in elastic np interaction in the energy range 230–590 MeV. Complete experiment." Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 4, no. 6 (November 2007): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s154747710706009x.

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