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Academic literature on the topic 'Spinta contributiva'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spinta contributiva"

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Pastuszka, Agnieszka, Janusz Bohosiewicz, Anita Olejek, Jacek Zamłyński, Ewa Horzelska, and Tomasz Koszutski. "PRENATAL MYELOMENINGOCELE REPAIR – A CHANCE TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 7 (2019): 1380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201907127.

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Spina bifida (myelomeningocele) is the most prevalent developmental defect of the nervous system. In different regions of the world it affects from 0.3 to 5 per 1000 of livingneonates. It is known that the defect develops during the early fetal life however no explicit cause has been found yet. Recently it has been accepted that one of the major factors contributing to spina bifida is deficiency of folic acid in the mother’s body before and during pregnancy. The first attempts to cure myelomeningocele were taken in ancient times. More extensive knowledge of aetiology and effects of spina bifida and development of new surgical techniques allowed for management not only of the defect itself but also the consequent complications. Prenatal spina bifida repair has been performed in the USA for 20 years now while European surgeons (Poland and Switzerland) have operated myelomeningocele for 12 years. Comparative analysis carried out to evaluate the patients operated for spina bifida prenatally and postnatally pointed that those after fetal repair demand the use of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus twice less frequently. Thanks to shortened exposure of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves to the toxic effect of amniotic fluid and reduced exposure to mechanical injuries, prenatal myelomeningocele repair offers better opportunities to improve motor, urinary and alimentary functions, contributing then statistically to higher quality of lives of children with spina bifida.
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Kutia, S. A., N. G. Nikolaeva, A. V. Yeryomin, and L. R. Shaymardanova. "NICOLAS TULP (1593-1674) AND FIRST DESCRIPTION OF SPINA BIFIDA." Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 10, no. 1 (2020): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2224-6444-2020-10-1-52-54.

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Article provides Russian translation of the first description of spina bifida found in work of Dutch physician and anatomist Nicolas Tulp (1593-1674). Brief biographical sketch is given and his contribution to medicine is described
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Roversi, Fernanda Marconi, Nathalia Moreno Cury, Matheus Rodrigues Lopes, Fernando Vieira Pericole, Marisa Claudia Alvarez Prax, Karla Priscila Ferro, Patricia Favaro, José Andres Yunes, and Sara T. Olalla Saad. "Methylation of HAI-2/SPINT2 in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells of MDS and AML Patients Affects Hematopoietic Stem Cell Survival and Adhesion." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2847.2847.

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Abstract In recent years, the role of tumor microenvironment in neoplasm initiation and malignant evolution has been increasingly recognized. However, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (BMMSC) contribution to disease progression remains poorly explored. We had previously performed a microarray analysis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patient-derived BMMSC (MDS-BMMSC) and found an underexpression of HAI-2/SPINT2, an endogenous inhibitor of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activator. This gene has been described as methylated in various cancer types and has been associated with disease progression. Despite of being related to the pathogenesis of several neoplasms, the role of HAI-2/SPINT2 has not yet been fully elucidated in hematological diseases, such as MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate HAI-2/SPINT2 expression in derived BMMSC and total bone marrow (BM) of healthy donors (HD), MDS and AML patients as well as in BMMSC treated with 5-Azacitidine (Aza), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor. To achieve this, we collected BM hematopoietic cells and plastic-adherent BMMSC from aspirates of HD, MDS and AML patients. BMMSC were expanded to passage 4 and defined as CD73+/CD90+/CD105+/CD45-/CD34-/CD31-/HLA-DR-. A total of 29 HD and 121 patients at diagnosis (MDS=72 [low-risk=46, high-risk=26], AML with myelodysplastic related changes (AML-MRC)=17 and de novo AML=32) were included. HAI-2/SPINT2 mRNA was significantly decreased in MDS- (0.34[0.01-2.06];P <.01) compared to HD-BMMSC (0.89[0.46-1.59]). When patients were stratified according to WHO classification, HAI-2/SPINT2 expression was lower in both low-risk (0.31[0.01-1.33]) and high-risk (0.43[0.01-2.06]) MDS-BMMSC. Similar results were found in total BM: HAI-2/SPINT2 transcripts were significantly decreased in MDS (0.41[0.01-2.53];P <.01), AML-MRC (0.38[0.014-0.84];P <.01) and AML patients (0.33[0.01-2.07];P <.001) compared to HD (0.91[0.19-4.79]). To investigate whether this loss of expression was due to HAI-2/SPINT2 methylation, BMMSC were treated with Aza (1µM or IC50 value) for 48h. In MDS- and AML-BMMSC, Aza treatment resulted in a pronounced upregulation of HAI-2/SPINT2 mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, Aza treatment of HD-BMMSC did not improve the HAI-2/SPINT2 mRNA and protein levels as much as the observed in MDS- and AML-BMMSC. To better understand the role of HAI-2/SPINT2 downregulation in BMMSC physiology, its expression was inhibited in a BM stromal cell line (HS5). As previously reported, HAI-2/SPINT2 silencing resulted in an increased secretion of HGF, known to be overexpressed in plasma of MDS patients and considered a prognostic factor in MDS and AML patients (Matsuda et al., Leukemia, 2004). Moreover, after co-culture, HAI-2/SPINT2 knockdown improved survival of blasts isolated from AML-MRC and AML patients. We also observed an increased adhesion of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to HAI-2/SPINT2 silenced HS5 cells. This prompted us to analyze the expression of cell adhesion molecules in MDS- and AML-BMMSC. We observed a significant augment in the expression of CD49b and CD49d integrins in MDS- and AML-compared to HD-BMMSC. Taken together, SPINT2 inhibition improves HGF secretion, consequently with alteration in molecule receptor adhesion, resulting in an increased expression of integrins (CD49b and CD49d) responsible for cell-to-cell adhesion. Thus, reactivation of HAI-2/SPINT2 levels after Aza treatment indicates that this gene is probably epigenetically silenced by methylation in MDS and AML, and is possibly a tumor suppressor gene. Interestingly, nowadays, epigenetic therapy by Aza is the first-line treatment for MDS patients, and induces prolonged survival and delayed AML evolution. Likewise, our results suggest that HAI-2/SPINT2 may play a role in deregulation of HGF cytokine secretion with consequently alteration in HSC adhesion and growth/survival. Tumor microenvironment niche is currently known to play a critical role in cancer initiation and progression, thus HAI-2/SPINT2 may contributes to functional and morphological abnormalities of microenvironment niche and with the stem/progenitor cancer cell progression. Hence, downregulation in HAI-2/SPINT2 gene expression, due to methylation in MDS- and AML-BMMSC, provides novel insights into the pathogenic role of the leukemic bone marrow microenvironment. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Geerdink, Niels, Inge Cuppen, Jan Rotteveel, Reinier Mullaart, Nel Roeleveld, and Jaco Pasman. "Contribution of the Corticospinal Tract to Motor Impairment in Spina Bifida." Pediatric Neurology 47, no. 4 (October 2012): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.06.010.

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Karapetian, M. K. "On paleoepidemiology of spina bifida sacralis: prevalence of the anomaly in Late Scythians of lower Dnieper region." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 3(58) (September 15, 2022): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-58-3-11.

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Spina bifida is a developmental anomaly that is thought to be caused by a combination of hereditary and en-vironmental factors. Though the most significant association was found with the folic acid deficit during early em-bryogenesis, numerous genetic variants were also found to be in some association with the development of neu-ral tube defects, but this data is inconsistent. It is still debated whether the unremarkable anomaly (spina bifida occulta) often observed in osteological samples is truly a form of neural tube defects forming in early embryo-genesis, or is a minor variation that is forming later in postnatal life. Also, data is equivocal regarding the neuro-logical consequences of sacral spina bifida occulta, some pointing to its clinical significance, others stating that it does not affect the wellbeing in any way. Though paleopathological studies on spina bifida are numerous, the frequency of the anomaly remains largely unknown for the Early Iron Age population of the Eurasian steppes. This study examines presence of sacral spina bifida in a Late Scynthian sample (3rd c. BC — 3rd с. AD) from the northern Black Sea region. Totally, 89 skeletons were examined, originating from cemeteries near Nikolayevka and Zolotaya Balka villages (Kherson Oblast, Ukrain). These cemeteries are located along the Dnieper river bank about 90 km apart. The people they represent were settled agriculturalists. The defect was scored when either or all of the three upper sacral vertebrae were affected (S1–S3), its level was recorded. Totally, 16 % of individuals were affected. The majority of defects were observed solely on S1 level. Only two cases of spina bifida sacralis totalis were recorded. The frequency of the anomaly was not significantly different either between males and fe-males, or between younger (<35 years) and older (>35 years) adults. In two instances, two individuals buried in a common grave both had spina bifida sacralis which may point to a biological relationship between them. The fre-quency of spina bifida sacralis is very close to the mean values, reported in the literature. Thus, no evidence of an increased selection against individuals in this group with this form of skeletal anomaly, or a significant impact of envi-ronmental factors, leading to its development in ontogenesis, is present. Also, contrary to literature data, it seems that in this sample age and sex were not the factors significantly contributing to the trait’s variation, though the age dynamics of this trait needs further consideration using a sample with higher proportion of senile individuals.
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Beuls, Emile A. M., Linda Vanormelingen, Jasper van Aalst, Marjan Vandersteen, Peter Adriaensens, Erwin M. J. Cornips, Hans J. S. Vles, and Jan Gelan. "In vitro high-field magnetic resonance imaging—documented anatomy of a fetal myelomeningocele at 20 weeks' gestation. A contribution to the rationale of intrauterine surgical repair of spina bifida." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 98, no. 2 (March 2003): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2003.98.2.0210.

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Object. It remains uncertain if closure of a myelomeningocele at midgestation changes the neurological condition at birth in an infant born with spina bifida. The authors conducted a study to provide a detailed analysis of the morphology of the spinal cord with the myelomeningocele at the time fetal surgery usually is performed. Methods. The myelomeningocele of a 20-week-gestation-age fetus was examined, and data were compared with those obtained in a neurologically intact specimen of the same age. In vitro high-field 9.4-tesla magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy was used to examine the fetal material. High-field MR spectroscopy provided images in the three orthogonal planes with a resolution comparable with low-power optical microscopy. The authors observed that the fetal cord of the myelomeningocele specimen was tapered and tethered at S3–4 while the conus medullaris in the normal fetus reaches L-4. No neurulation defects were noted. The axial MR images clearly revealed the nonfusion of the mesodermal structures. The absence of neurulation defects suggests that at least in some cases of spina bifida the spinal cord initially is well developed but is damaged later on chemically and mechanically. This might be an argument in favor of intrauterine myelomeningocele repair. By 20 weeks' gestation, however, the deformation of the cord inside the myelomeningocele is severe. An optimization of the preoperative assessment by means of MR imaging therefore might be considered a valuable contribution to intrauterine surgery. The in vitro high-field MR microscopic findings of this study could be used as references for clinical intrauterine MR imaging. Conclusions. The detailed in vitro high-field MR analysis of a 20-week-gestation-age fetus with spina bifida demonstrated that an improvement of the preoperative intrauterine imaging should be pursued to detect those cases without neurulation defects and with minimal deformation of the spinal cord.
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BARTLETT, VIRGINIA L., and MARK J. BLITON. "Retrieving the Moral in the Ethics of Maternal-Fetal Surgery." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 29, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 480–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180120000225.

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Open-uterine surgery to repair spina bifida, or ‘fetal surgery of open neural tube defects,’ has generated questions throughout its history—and continues to do so in a variety of contexts. As clinical ethics consultants who worked (Mark J. Bliton) and trained (Virginia L. Bartlett) at Vanderbilt University—where the first successful cases of open-uterine repair of spina bifida were carried out—we lived with these questions for nearly two decades. We worked with clinicians as they were developing and offering the procedure, with researchers in refining and studying the procedure, and with pregnant women and their partners as they considered whether to undergo the procedure. From this experience in the early studies at Vanderbilt, we learned that pregnant women and their partners approach the clinical uncertainty of such a risky procedure with a curious and unique combination of practicality, self-reflection, fear, and overwhelming hope. These early experiences were a major contributing factor to the inclusion of an ethics-focused interview in the informed consent process for the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) trial study design.
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Chang, Shin-Tsu, Chih-Hung Ku, Ming-Fu Hsieh, Liang-Cheng Chen, Heng-Yi Chu, Cheng-Chiang Chang, and Kao-Chung Tsai. "Contribution of the Multifidus Muscle for Control of Upright Posture in Subjects with Spina Bifida Occulta." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 17, no. 3 (August 2008): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.17.3.283.

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Context:The multifidus muscle plays a role in controlling lumbosacral position and postural sway. One of its attachment sites is the exact site of spina bifida occulta (SBO).Objective:To investigate the role of the muscle for postural control in SBO.Design:Cross-sectional cohort.Participants:Eighty subjects with SBO (38 in minor; 42 in major) and controls.Interventions:N/A.Main Outcome Measures:Subjects stood upright on a platform at 0° and on an inclined surface (10° and 20°) with feet in plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, together with eyes open and closed. The platform system measured posture to obtain sway area and sway mean for statistics.Results:Upon sway area/mean, the group differences of major/minor SBO vs. control were all significant. Sway means of minor SBO were lower than those of major SBO at corresponding inclined degrees.Conclusions:Subjects with SBO demonstrated increased sway as compared to controls.
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Tian, Tian, Xuanye Cao, Sung-Eun Kim, Ying Linda Lin, John W. Steele, Robert M. Cabrera, Menuka Karki, et al. "FKBP8 variants are risk factors for spina bifida." Human Molecular Genetics 29, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 3132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa211.

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Abstract Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of severe congenital malformations caused by a failure of neural tube closure during early embryonic development. Although extensively investigated, the genetic etiology of NTDs remains poorly understood. FKBP8 is critical for proper mammalian neural tube closure. Fkbp8−/− mouse embryos showed posterior NTDs consistent with a diagnosis of spina bifida (SB). To date, no publication has reported any association between FKBP8 and human NTDs. Using Sanger sequencing on genomic DNA samples from 472 SB and 565 control samples, we identified five rare (MAF ≤ 0.001) deleterious variants in SB patients, while no rare deleterious variant was identified in the controls (P = 0.0191). p.Glu140* affected FKBP8 localization to the mitochondria and created a truncated form of the FKBP8 protein, thus impairing its interaction with BCL2 and ultimately leading to an increase in cellular apoptosis. p.Ser3Leu, p.Lys315Asn and p.Ala292Ser variants decreased FKBP8 protein level. p.Lys315Asn further increased the cellular apoptosis. RNA sequencing on anterior and posterior tissues isolated from Fkbp8−/− and wildtype mice at E9.5 and E10.5 showed that Fkbp8−/− embryos have an abnormal expression profile within tissues harvested at posterior sites, thus leading to a posterior NTD. Moreover, we found that Fkbp8 knockout mouse embryos have abnormal expression of Wnt3a and Nkx2.9 during the early stage of neural tube development, perhaps also contributing to caudal specific NTDs. These findings provide evidence that functional variants of FKBP8 are risk factors for SB, which may involve a novel mechanism by which Fkbp8 mutations specifically cause SB in mice.
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Reece, Albert Stuart, and Gary Kenneth Hulse. "Cannabis Teratology Explains Current Patterns of Coloradan Congenital Defects: The Contribution of Increased Cannabinoid Exposure to Rising Teratological Trends." Clinical Pediatrics 58, no. 10 (July 9, 2019): 1085–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922819861281.

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Rising Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in modern cannabis invites investigation of the teratological implications of prenatal cannabis exposure. Data from Colorado Responds to Children with Special Needs (CRCSN), National Survey of Drug Use and Health, and Drug Enforcement Agency was analyzed. Seven, 40, and 2 defects were rising, flat, and falling, respectively, and 10/12 summary indices rose. Atrial septal defect, spina bifida, microcephalus, Down’s syndrome, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus rose, and along with central nervous system, cardiovascular, genitourinary, respiratory, chromosomal, and musculoskeletal defects rose 5 to 37 times faster than the birth rate (3.3%) to generate an excess of 11 753 (22%) major anomalies. Cannabis was the only drug whose use grew from 2000 to 2014 while pain relievers, cocaine, alcohol, and tobacco did not. The correlation of cannabis use with major defects in 2014 (2019 dataset) was R = .77, P = .0011. Multiple cannabinoids were linked with summary measures of congenital anomalies and were robust to multivariate adjustment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spinta contributiva"

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RANDISI, SALVATORE. "Variazioni del sacrificio fiscale percepito: uno studio sulla teoria dell'illusione finanziaria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28147.

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La crisi economico-finanziaria in atto e le dimensioni dell’economia sommersa pongono la fiscalità in primo piano sulla scena economica e politica. La Teoria della illusione finanziaria (1903) di Amilcare Puviani costituisce uno dei primi contributi sistematici per spiegare l’attività finanziaria dello Stato in cui i meccanismi psicologici rivestono un ruolo centrale. Con la presente ricerca ho ripreso alcune intuizioni offerte da Puviani, col fine di vagliarle sperimentalmente e contestualizzarle nel panorama più ampio della psicologia fiscale. Ciò ha comportato la costruzione di due scale, una per misurare il sacrificio fiscale percepito, l’altra per misurare la spinta contributiva, ovvero la forza morale ad adempiere i propri doveri fiscali. A parte alcune precisazioni, sono state confermate le ipotesi di riduzione della percezione del sacrificio fiscale in seguito alla rateizzazione del tributo, all’inclusione del tributo nel prezzo del bene, all’insensibilità generata dal pagamento di un tributo principale con il pagamento di un tributo di entità inferiore e associato al primo, all’avvicinamento del tributo a uno stato di benessere, o ancora nella condizione di ridotto guadagno, piuttosto che di perdita, in cui può avvenire un pagamento fiscale.
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Juillet, Jean-Pierre. "Des vues de Spinoza sur quelques figures de la "philosophie vraie"." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040143.

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Le présent travail a pour objet d'étudier les formes grâce auxquelles, dans la philosophie de Spinoza, se résolvent ou, à tout le moins, se négocient des oppositions entre ce qui n'est pas de même ordre, entre ce qui se pose comme relativement ou absolument "autre" par rapport à telle chose donnée (un thème, un concept ou un "exemple" destine à figurer ceux-ci). A partir d'éléments recueillis dans le système et de leur commentaire, une première partie élabore des propositions susceptibles d'expliquer les raisons pour lesquelles le langage, bien qu'il soit un produit de l'"imagination", est à même d'exprimer adéquatement des pensées et des idées vraies. Dans une deuxième partie, en se réglant sur une analyse des lemmes de l'éthique II, sont examinées des questions de physique concernant l'individuation des corps composes et la possible différence entre leur "découpage" en et pour dieu (dans son entendement infini) et leur "découpage" pour nous. Une troisième partie enfin montre quels liens existent entre le thème de la suppression de l'extériorité comme condition pour un être quelconque d'une existence d'une durée illimitée et le thème de la complète altérite des natures respectives de celui qui vénère et de celui qui est l'objet de cette vénération comme condition d'un sentiment d'amour extatique voire sacré (éthique III, proposition IV, corollaire II)
The central topic of this work is to study through which ways Spinoza’s philosophy solves or, at least, negotiates oppositions between absolutely or relatively heterogeneous figures (themes, notions or examples) it yields. Starting with an analysis of theoretical material provided by Spinoza himself, the first part exhibits the reasons why, in spite of originating from "imagination", the language can express true thoughts or true ideas. The second part, pondering on the lemmas of ethics II, deals with questions of physics and, more precisely, with the problem of the individuality of any given thing; it shows that there is probably a discrepancy between the consistency of an individual thing in itself or for god and its consistency for us. The third part establishes some connections between the idea that, if its outdoor surrounding is suppressed, any being will get an everlasting duration of existence and the idea that, according to ethics III, proposition IV, corollary II, a complete dissimilarity between the nature of a worshipper and the nature of the object of his adoration is the very condition of pure or even sacred love
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Krenz, Natalie. "Plasticity in the rat spinal cord following spinal cord transection, contribution to autonomic dysreflexia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0008/NQ40268.pdf.

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Boxall, Sarah Jane. "Contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors to spinal nociceptive transmission in the rat spinal cord." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268057.

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Laloy, Hervé. "De la différence des conceptions spinoziste et kantienne de Dieu." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT5003.

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A propos de Dieu, la raison a besoin des deux théories de la connaissance, de la morale et de la religion : la pensée de Spinoza et celle de Kant, le dogmatisme et le criticisme. D'un côté, la raison philosophique a besoin d'une conception objective de l'absolu. Dieu est la substance. C'est la pensée de Spinoza. D'un autre côté, la raison philosophique a besoin d'une conception subjective de l'absolu, celle de Kant. Dieu n'est pas l'absolu, mais seulement une idée. L'absolu est la dignité humaine. Comme Schelling, nous pensons que Kant et Spinoza ont le même but, chercher la destination ultime du monde ; mais ils n'utilisent pas les mêmes moyens. Pour démontrer cela, notamment, nous avons du prouver que, même si Spinoza avait une conception absolue de Dieu, il n'en était pas pour autant un mystique ; et, même si l'homme exprimait la nécessité divine, il n'en était pas pour autant un automate privé de liberté. Nous avons du prouver également que, même si Kant avait une conception subjective de Dieu, il niait que la religion avait une conception originale du Christ (un être surnaturel, et pas seulement un idéal).
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Hamlaoui, Lamine. "Les Idées de l'homme : la position de Spinoza dans l'horizon cartésien." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040001.

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Evans, Matthew John. "Adjustment to spinal cord injury : the contribution of hope and cognitive appraisals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404203.

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Dang, Khoa. "Contribution of GABAβ receptors to the nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397106.

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Banga, Gilbert-Fo. "Spinoza et la religion : exemple d'une difficile conciliation." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOL015.

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La religion est une donnée humaine universelle. De multiples et de diverses manières, dans leur histoire, et jusqu'à nos jours, les hommes manifestent leur désir inlassable d'une quête de dieu par leurs croyances et leurs comportements religieux. La religion tout comme la philosophie se présentent comme des besoins profonds de l'homme dans la quête de dieu, source du salut et du bonheur. Pourtant, Spinoza semble opposer philosophie et religion. C'est ce souci de séparer philosophie et religion (et les enjeux sous-jacents) qui retient notre attention chez ce philosophe souvent mal compris, condamné et vilipendé de tous côtés. Ce retour à Spinoza aujourd'hui se révèle lié à la crise ; de l'humanisme athée, négateur de la transcendance absolue, et du communisme d'une part, et a l'actuelle renaissance ; du sentiment religieux qui caractérise la fin du xx e siècle, d'autre part : crise ; devant désormais être envisagée non seulement comme une sorte de revanche de l'esprit humain contre les étroitesses du rationalisme philosophique. Scientifique et technique mais comme une interpellation au réalisme philosophique, scientifique et technique : la dimension éthique (et spirituelle) est plus que jamais essentielle à l'homme. L'homme sans Dieu est un homme perdu, vide et sans profondeur: par conséquent le but de la philosophie serait de rendre service à l'homme en l'élevant à Dieu
Religion is a universal fact of human existence. In many different ways throughout their history up to the present, men have manifested their tireless desire in their search for god through their religious beliefs and practices. Religion just as philosophy are presented as the profound needs of man in the search for god, the source of salvation and happiness. However, Spinoza seems to oppose philosophy and religion. It is this concern of separating philosophy and religion (and the underlying stakes) that has caught our interest in the works of this philosopher who is often misunderstood, condemned and vilified from all sides. The return to Spinoza today is linked to the "crisis" of atheistic humanism, contradictory to absolute transcendence, and to that of communism, on the one hand, and to the present rebirth of the religious feeling which is characteristic of the late twentieth century, on the other. This "crisis" should now be considered not only as a sort of revenge of the human spirit on the narrow-mindedness of philosophic, scientific and technical rationalism but also as call to philosophic, scientific and technical realism. The ethical (and spiritual) realm is more than ever essential to man. A man without god is a man who is lost, empty and shallow; consequently, the aim of philosophy would be to help man by elevating him towards god
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Carpenter, Katherine Jane. "Pharmacological modulation of processes contributing to spinal hyperexcitability : electrophysiological studies in the rat." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248356.

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Books on the topic "Spinta contributiva"

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Ciccarini, Marina, Nicoletta Marcialis, and Giorgio Ziffer, eds. Kesarevo Kesarju. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-572-8.

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Questa raccolta di studi è dedicata a Cesare G. De Michelis per i suoi settant’anni. Vi hanno partecipato amici e allievi con il desiderio di richiamare il suo insegnamento e le sue ricerche, e insieme la varietà e l’ampiezza dei suoi interessi. Questo spiega l’eterogeneità dei contributi, che si concentrano in primo luogo intorno alla letteratura russa ma si allargano anche ad altre letterature slave, e poi alla storia russa, religiosa e non, ai rapporti culturali fra Italia e Russia, ad alcune pagine dell’antisemitismo moderno. Aprono il volume un profilo del festeggiato e la bibliografia, comprendente la sua vasta produzione scientifica e un fitto elenco di contributi di carattere pubblicistico in cui si rispecchiano il rigore dello studioso e la sua passione civile.
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Bagnoli, Carlo, and Eleonora Masiero. L’impresa significante fra tradizione e innovazione. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-572-8.

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This study explores the idea of a significant business, framing it through the key concepts that define it and illustrating it through a case study that narrates the evolution of a century-old company. Born as an intellectual response to the economic and financial crisis of 2008, the significant business is conceived as an entity capable of enduring over time through the creation of value and its distribution within the community in which it operates. The significant business should be also aware of its own identity and of the need to innovate itself over time considering the synergies and the collaborations that the territory offers, to continue to create wealth. This contribution is part of a series of works that, resulting from numerous action-research projects coordinated by Professor Carlo Bagnoli, have seen as protagonists the companies and their strategic innovation. The starting point of many of these projects is the Manifesto of the Significant Company (Bagnoli et al. 2015), which aims at imagining a business model able to explore and innovate the company to increase its competitiveness, and also to restore meaning to the company itself, through the definition of its own identity. Contributing to previous works, this book explores the idea of significant enterprise by adopting a business and a historical perspective. The first part of the book deals with the business perspective, to introduce the value model commonly used in action research studies undertaken by the spin-off Strategy Innovation of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, and to describe the specific model of a significant business. The second part of the book narrates the story of a centuries-long business, Barovier&Toso, exploring its evolutions. Focusing on the different perspectives that shaped the key concepts and narrating the path followed by a centenary company, this work hopes to shed further light on this fascinating theme together with the reader.
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Gadow, H. F., J. F. Gaskell, and H. L. H. H. Green. Evolution of the Vertebral Column: A Contribution to the Study of Vertebrate Phylogeny. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2014.

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Gala, Raj J., Lauren Szolomayer, and James Yue. Open Endoscopic Rhizotomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0015.

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The etiology of axial low back pain is multifactorial and includes pain arising from lumbar facet joints. The facet joints, capsules, and surrounding tissues are innervated by the medial branches of the dorsal rami. Rhizotomy of these nerves can provide pain relief in patients with lumbar facetogenic pain. The reported benefits of endoscopic approaches to the spine include minimal disruption of nonpathologic anatomy while simultaneously allowing for improved visualization of pathologic anatomy. Endoscopic techniques have been described for spinal stenosis, disc herniation, interbody fusion, infection, as well as dorsal medial branch rhizotomy. The goal of medial branch rhizotomy is to denervate lumbar facet joints that are contributing to axial back pain. The previous chapter focused on percutaneous techniques, while this chapter will describe endoscopic rhizotomy.
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Candido, Kenneth D., Tatiana Tverdohleb, and Nebojsa Nick Knezevic. Postlaminectomy Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0024.

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Postlaminectomy syndrome is persistent or recurrent back pain after otherwise anatomically successful lumbar spine surgery. A dramatic increase in the number of low back surgeries has been observed since 1997, with an increased incidence of pain after low back surgery in the range of 5% to 74.6%. The mechanisms contributing to back pain are muscle damage during surgery, muscle spasm, and inflammation, with subsequent development of myofascial pain syndrome as well as other typical and atypical back pain generators. Diagnosis is based primarily on history and physical examination, as well as results of imaging (preoperative and postoperative). Treating postlaminectomy syndrome is challenging, due to lack of evidence-based clinical guidelines. Pharmacologic treatment in combination with interventional management sometimes is not enough, and choosing the right candidates for revision and reoperation surgery is mainly based on the surgeon’s experience and best clinical judgment. In certain circumstances, spinal cord stimulation can achieve better results than reoperation.
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Altwicker, Tilmann. The International Legal Argument in Spinoza. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198768586.003.0010.

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In this chapter, it is argued that Spinoza is far from being a ‘denier’ of international law. Instead, it is shown that Spinoza offers a nuanced argument for why states are compelled to cooperate with one another in the form of international law. There are at least three lasting contributions to the theory of International Relations and international law: the exposition of a ‘non-ideal theory’ of International Relations, International Relations as part of a theory on the institutionalization of individual freedom, and the idea of precedence of rational international governance over independent governance. Spinoza gives an early contribution for a sociological study of international legal thought.
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LeBuffe, Michael. Spinoza on Reason. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845803.001.0001.

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In metaphysics, Spinoza associates reasons with causes or explanations. He contends that there is a reason for whatever exists and whatever does not exist. In his account of the human mind, Spinoza makes reason a peculiarly powerful kind of idea and the only source of our knowledge of objects in experience. In his moral theory, Spinoza introduces dictates of reason, which are action-guiding prescriptions. In politics, Spinoza suggests that reason, with religion, motivates cooperation in society. Reason shapes Spinoza’s philosophy, and central debates about Spinoza—including his place in the history of philosophy and in the European Enlightenment—turn upon our understanding of these claims. Spinoza on Reason starts with striking claims in each of these areas drawn from Spinoza’s two great works, the Ethics and the Theological Political Treatise; the book takes each characterization of reason on its own terms, explaining the claims and their historical context. While acknowledging the striking variety of reason’s roles, this work emphasizes the extent to which these different doctrines build upon one another. The result is a rich understanding of the meaning and function of each claim and, in the book’s conclusion, a detailed and accurate account of the contribution of reason to the systematic coherence of Spinoza’s philosophy.
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Black, Sheila. The original description of central sensitization. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0040.

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The landmark study discussed in this chapter is ‘The contribution of excitatory amino acids to central sensitization and persistent nociception after formalin-induced tissue injury’, published by Coderre and Melzack in 1992. Previous studies in this field implicate a contribution of excitatory amino acids (EAAs), specifically l-glutamate and l-aspartate, to injury-induced sensitization of nociceptive responses in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Repetitive stimulation of primary afferent fibres demonstrated that l-glutamate and NMDA can produce ‘wind-up’ of neuronal dorsal horn activity, and this is blocked by application of NMDA antagonists. This study uses the formalin test as a behavioural model to investigate the mechanisms underlying central sensitization and the role of EAAs, NMDA, their receptors, and their antagonists in this process.
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Koht, Antoun, and Tod B. Sloan. Neurophysiologic Monitoring. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0028.

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Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring is used for monitoring and mapping of neurological structures during surgery and procedures where the neurological structures are at risk. Among the most commonly used techniques are electrophysiologic techniques, which include spontaneous and evoked electromyography, somatosensory evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, electroencephalography, and auditory brainstem responses. These methods differ in their responses to anesthesia and in their clinical contribution to monitoring because of differing anatomy. Their use in spinal corrective surgery highlights the role of the anesthesiologist during cases when these techniques are utilized. Optimization of anesthesia, position, and physiology provide better monitoring conditions, enhance signal evaluation, and may lead to better neurological outcome.
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Sihra, Melissa. Shadow and Substance. Edited by Nicholas Grene and Chris Morash. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.013.35.

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In spite of the very important role of women in the development of Irish theatre through the twentieth century, their contribution has continued to be marginalized, with ‘women’s drama’ set off against an implicit male norm. This was still obvious in the Abbey Theatre’s centenary programme, in which no play by a woman featured on the theatre’s main stage. The work of Charabanc Theatre Company, a women’s collective, and the highly successful plays of Marie Jones emerging from that company can be contrasted with the male-dominated Field Day in terms of a disparity of critical attention. Marina Carr, the Irish woman playwright best known internationally, in spite of the strong gender concerns of her plays, has been reluctant to identify herself as ‘feminist’ because of its associations. It has only been in the twenty-first century that the work of women playwrights and directors has been accepted as part of mainstream theatre .
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Book chapters on the topic "Spinta contributiva"

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Schaible, Hans-Georg. "Spinal Mechanisms Contributing to Joint Pain." In Osteoarthritic Joint Pain, 4–27. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470867639.ch2.

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Frühling, J. "Metastatic Disease of the Spine: The Contribution of Bone Scintigraphy." In Radiology of the Spine, 103–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49303-4_8.

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Vierck, Charles J., Joel D. Greenspan, Louis A. Ritz, and David C. Yeomans. "The Spinal Pathways Contributing to the Ascending Conduction and the Descending Modulation of Pain Sensations and Reactions." In Spinal Afferent Processing, 275–329. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4994-5_12.

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Bullock, Theodore H. "A Contribution from the Study of Cords of Lower Forms." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - The Spinal Cord, 3–13. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470718827.ch2.

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Klarica, M., R. Varda, M. Vukić, D. Orešković, M. Radoš, and M. Bulat. "Spinal contribution to CSF pressure lowering effect of mannitol in cats." In Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring XII, 407–10. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-211-32318-x_83.

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Louis, W. C. "Measuring the Quark Contribution to the Proton Spin through vp → vp." In Spin and Isospin in Nuclear Interactions, 341–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3834-9_30.

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James, M. "Economic Measurement in Spinal Surgery — The Contribution of Quality-Adjusted Life Years." In Lasers in the Musculoskeletal System, 254–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56420-8_39.

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Zaytsev, Yury K. "Russia’s Approach to Official Development Assistance and Its Contribution to the SDGs." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 475–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_22.

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AbstractThe chapter looks at the current developments in Russia’s official development assistance (ODA). In spite of its international isolation, the Russian government has expanded its ODA allocations since 2015, which total to about $1 billion annually. The chapter describes the sectoral and channel distribution of Russian aid. Moreover, it identifies the key challenges of the Russian government in the framework of its ODA activities, such as monitoring and evaluation (M&E), achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and its engagement with the business sector. Under consideration of the government’s undertakings in its striving to address these issues, the author reflects in conclusion on the prospects of establishing a national ODA M&E system, and options to contribute towards the achievement of the SDGs by 2030.
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Mocwagae, Kgosi, and Verna Nel. "Planning for the Expansion of Phuthaditjhaba CBD Through UN Sustainable Development Goals." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 17–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15773-8_3.

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AbstractIn the 1980s, the QwaQwa government established the Phuthaditjhaba Central Business District (CBD), locally known as Setsing. Currently, measuring approximately 60 ha, Setsing hosts a mixture of formal businesses in shopping complexes and a large informal sector trading on pavements. Setsing is enclosed by four of 13 township sections of Phuthaditjhaba that have limited vacant land for expansion. The enclosing townships consist of privately-owned residential homes, without any municipal land available to expand the CBD needed to address the business demands of Setsing. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 on making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable is applied to address the issues stated in the study. The study employed exploratory qualitative research methods to determine the land use planning practices to allow the CBD to expand into the enclosing township sections and unlock economic value for property owners in these sections. The study participants included municipal officials, homeowners, business owners and property developers. Content analysis was used to determine land use management practices that will allow Setsing to expand and create possible spin-offs for the local economy. The chapter makes three contributions to Setsing through the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The first contribution is that homeowners felt that zoning interventions could assist with the expansion of Setsing. The second contribution plans for densification through increasing basic infrastructure to support the consideration of multi-storey buildings. The last contribution is the development of a new CBD with careful consideration that will not lead to a negative effect on livelihoods in the existing CBD.
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Wisłowska, M. "A study of the contribution of pain to rotation of vertebrae in the aetiology and pathogenesis of lateral spinal curvature." In Back Pain, 259–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2165-8_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spinta contributiva"

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Mokhtarzadeh, Hossein, Farzam Farahmand, Mohammad Parninapour, Fatemeh Malekipour, Abolfazl Shirazi-Adl, and Navid Arjmand. "Mathematical and Finite Element Modelling of Spine to Investigate the Effects of Intra-Abdominal Pressure and Activation of Muscles Around Abdomen on the Spinal Stability." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95421.

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In spite of the several experimental and modeling studies on the biomechanical characteristics of the human spine, the role and significance of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in spine mechanics has remained controversial. This study represents a simple analytical and a 3-D finite element model of spine and its surrounding structures to investigate the contribution of IAP to spinal stability. The mathematical model included the lumbar spine column, the abdominal cavity and a muscular layer around it, the rib cage and the pelvic ring. The lumbar spine column was modeled as a beam and the rib cage and pelvis as rigid bodies. The intra-abdominal cavity and the surrounding muscular layer were represented by a thin-wall cylindrical vessel with deformable shell wall. The free body diagram and equilibrium equations of each body of the model were derived while an external load to the rib cage was applied. The equations were then combined with the force-deflection relationships for the beam bending, the IAP fluid volume variation, and the muscle shell traction. Muscle activation levels were simulated by changing the Young’s modulus of the shell in the direction of fibers, up to an upper-limit value which was obtained based on the Valsalva maneuver. In the Finite Element (FE) model, the abdominal cavity was assumed to be cylindrical and filled by fluid with a bulk modulus of IMPa. The surrounding muscular layer was modeled as membrane with transverse isotropic material properties considering their fibers orientation. The spine, rib cage and pelvic ring were modeled by beam elements. The top plate simulated the active and/or passive role of diaphragm through its vertical displacement. The bottom membrane and distal spine were fully constrained. Good agreement between the analytical and FE model results was obtained. A larger external force and/or higher level of muscle activation caused a higher IAP, improving spinal unloading and stability. This effect was more significant for muscles with more horizontally directed fibers, e.g., Transverse Abdominis (TA).
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Komeilizadeh, Koushiar, Mohsen Asghari, Juho-Antti Junno, and Mohamad Parnianpour. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Spine Geometry From T12 to Sacrum in Males." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25254.

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In biomechanical modeling of spine, the prediction of spinal loading during occupational activities is crucial in assessment of the risk of low back pain and injury of spine. Current biomechanical models are based on the average data. Hence, they are unable to predict the effects of the observed natural anatomical variations on muscles moment arms and lines of action, while these variations ultimately influence the required muscular forces for balancing the external moments of any given task. In this work, a methodology based on the Monte Carlo technique has been developed to simulate spine geometry from T12 to S1 vertebrae for males. The lordosis of the assembled spine ranged between 21° to 63° with an average equal to 42.2°, which is within the reported values in the literature. Obtained data could be used as an input to equilibrium/stability based biomechanical spine models to assess the contribution of different geometry. This model is intended to merge with our stochastic spine model of spine to test the effects of various sources of variability on spinal loadings and its risk of failure.
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Coombs, Dana, Michael Bushelow, Peter Laz, Milind Rao, and Paul Rullkoetter. "Stepwise Validated Finite Element Model of the Human Lumbar Spine." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16167.

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Understanding the kinematics of the lumbosacral spine and the individual functional spinal units (FSU) is essential in assessing spine mechanics and implant performance. The lumbosacral spine and the FSU are comprised of bones and complex soft tissues such as intervertebral discs (IVD) and ligaments. Prior studies have focused on the behavior of isolated structures, but the contribution of each structure to the overall kinematics of the spine needs to be further understood. In this study, the behavior of various structural conditions was determined by experimentally dissecting each ligament in a stepwise fasion until only the IVD remained, and applying loading conditions to the FSU. The FE model was validated through optimization to match the in vitro load-deflection characteristics and contact mechanics for the various structural configurations.
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Swinyard, Bruce, Takao Nakagawa, Hideo Matsuhara, Doug Griffin, Marc Ferlet, Paul Eccleston, Anna di Giorgio, et al. "The European contribution to the SPICA mission." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Jacobus M. Oschmann, Jr., Mattheus W. M. de Graauw, and Howard A. MacEwen. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.789195.

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Mohamed Amine EL, ACHEK, Amel Farhat, and Chakib Kraeim. "AB1139 CONTRIBUTION OF CERVICAL SPINE IMAGING IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.5079.

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El Alaoui, A., Donald G. Crabb, Yelena Prok, Matt Poelker, Simonetta Liuti, Donal B. Day, and Xiaochao Zheng. "Measurement of the Contribution of Strange Quarks to the Proton Spin." In SPIN PHYSICS: 18th International Spin Physics Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3215651.

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Johnson, K. R., Z. Zhang, and P. Escalante. "Undiagnosed Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Contributing to Prolonged Delirium Following Spinal Surgery." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a4693.

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Si LAKHAL, B., and A. ABADA. "FOUR-SPINON CONTRIBUTION TO THE DYNAMIC STRUCTURE FACTOR IN THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC HEISENBERG MODEL." In Proceedings of the 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701909_0099.

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Yamanaka, Nodoka. "Weinberg Operator Contribution to the Hadronic CP Violation." In Proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN2021). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.37.020607.

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Bradford, Charles M., Matthew E. Kenyon, Steven Hailey-Dunsheath, Willem Jellema, Peter R. Roelfsema, Charles D. Dowell, Asad M. Aboobaker, et al. "SPICA SAFARI long-wavelength grating modules and bolometer arrays: Proposed U.S. contribution." In Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, edited by Makenzie Lystrup, Natalie Batalha, Edward C. Tong, Nicholas Siegler, and Marshall D. Perrin. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2562794.

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Reports on the topic "Spinta contributiva"

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Soubies, B., J. Y. Henry, and M. Le Meur. Contribution to the safety assessment of instrumentation and control software for nuclear power plants: Application to SPIN N4. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90925.

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Noronha, S. Climate Change and Generation Zero – Analysing the 50/50 Campaign: A Communication for Social Change Approach. Unitec ePress, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.12013.

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Climate change does not respect national boundaries or distinguish between big and small polluters. It is one of the truly global problems humanity faces today. In spite of this, there is a reluctance to believe in the existence of climate change even though the scientific consensus is that human influence bears much of the responsibility. In less than 200 years, human activity has increased the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases by some 50 percent relative to pre-industrial levels, leading to an increase in global temperatures. 1 Yet contrarian perspectives abound, given prominence by the media and promoted by fossil fuel lobbies. One such example is Dennis Avery and Fred Singer’s Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years, a book whose premise is that “human-emitted CO2 has played only a minor role” in contributing to climate change.
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Noronha, S. Climate Change and Generation Zero – Analysing the 50/50 Campaign: A Communication for Social Change Approach. Unitec ePress, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.12013.

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Climate change does not respect national boundaries or distinguish between big and small polluters. It is one of the truly global problems humanity faces today. In spite of this, there is a reluctance to believe in the existence of climate change even though the scientific consensus is that human influence bears much of the responsibility. In less than 200 years, human activity has increased the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases by some 50 percent relative to pre-industrial levels, leading to an increase in global temperatures. 1 Yet contrarian perspectives abound, given prominence by the media and promoted by fossil fuel lobbies. One such example is Dennis Avery and Fred Singer’s Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years, a book whose premise is that “human-emitted CO2 has played only a minor role” in contributing to climate change.
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Ayele, Seife, and Vianney Mutyaba. Chinese-Funded Electricity Generation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Implications for Public Debt and Transition to Renewable Energy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.063.

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While China has been increasingly contributing to the recent growth in electricity generation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the effects of China-funded investment on host countries’ debt burden and transition to renewable energy sources have not been sufficiently explored. Drawing on secondary data, combined with deep dive studies of Ethiopia and Uganda, this paper shows that despite significant liberalisation of the power sector in SSA, Chinese investments in the electricity industry continue to follow state-led project contract-based models. We show that this approach has failed to encourage Chinese firms to build compelling investment portfolios for competitive procurements within the region and, instead and inadvertently, it has exacerbated the debt burden of host country governments. Second, in spite of the global drive towards climate resilient energy generation, Chinese funding of electricity generation in SSA is not sufficiently channelled towards modern renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power that could reduce vulnerability to climate change. While recognising that the private sector-led competitive model of power generation is not without limitations, we argue that SSA’s electricity generation strategy that leads to less public debt and more climate resilience involves increased involvement of Chinese investment in the competitive model, with more diversification of such investment portfolios towards modern renewables such as wind and solar energy resources.
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