Journal articles on the topic 'Spine Movements Measurement'
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Lee, Raymond. "Measurement of movements of the lumbar spine." Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 18, no. 4 (January 2002): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593980290058562.
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Posłuszny, A., A. Myśliwiec, E. Saulicz, G. Mikołajowski, P. Linek, M. Saulicz, and Myśliwiec Andrzej. "Validation of the device for evaluation of muscular strength in the cervical spine region." Physiotherapy and Health Activity 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pha-2015-0008.
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Abstract Background: In the physiotherapeutic practice, the need for measurements of e.g. range of motion or strength of the cervical spine muscles results from a variety of degenerative processes in the area of the head, cervical spine and shoulder girdle. In Poland, we designed a measurement stand based on the equipment described in foreign literature. Validation of the measurement stand was performed in order to determine the usefulness of this stand for measurements of maximal strength and muscle torques for the isometric contraction of the cervical spine muscles.Material/Methods: A group of 13 women was examined to validate the device. The criteria for inclusion into the study group were adult age, no back pain and head pain syndromes. Validation of the equipment consisted in the calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Three measurements were performed for each movement in three planes: initial measurement (I), second measurement after 15 minutes (II) and the third measurement after a week (III). The ICC coefficient was calculated based on the methodology discussed in the study by Shrout and Fleiss (1979).Results: The results of the measurements reached the "excellent" level of the ICC coefficient between the first and the second test. In the case of the first and the third tests, the ICC coefficient reached the "good" level for the movements in the sagittal and transverse planes and the "excellent" level for the movements in the frontal plane. Conclusions: The measurement system used in the measurement stand designed by the authors of the present study can be successfully used for comparative studies of several groups or repeated examinations of the same study group after application of a specific therapeutic procedure.The stand cannot be used for evaluation whether the results obtained are consistent with the standards for specific populations or for comparison with the results obtained from other devices.
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Moffett, Jennifer A. Klaber, Iona Hughes, and Paul Griffiths. "Measurement of Cervical Spine Movements Using a Simple Inclinometer." Physiotherapy 75, no. 6 (June 1989): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)62543-6.
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RUSSELL, P., M. J. PEARCY, and A. UNSWORTH. "MEASUREMENT OF THE RANGE AND COUPLED MOVEMENTS OBSERVED IN THE LUMBAR SPINE." Rheumatology 32, no. 6 (1993): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/32.6.490.
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Sasmito, Teguh, Gatot Soebiyakto, and Nurida Finahari. "ANALISIS GRAFIS GERAKAN SENDI TERHADAP POROS VERTIKAL TULANG BELAKANG PENARI BAPANG MALANGAN." ROTOR 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v14i1.24220.
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Injuries in dancing activities can occur while practicing or during performance. Repetitive movements can be a major cause of injury when dancing. One of the injuries that can be fatal is spinal cord injury. The clinical manifestations of injury to the spine arise based on the location of the trauma. This study aims to identify potential movements that can cause spinal cord injury from the Bapang Malangan Dance. This potential is viewed from the movements that have a rotational effect on the spinal cord. The research was conducted by imitating several dance movements that were considered to have the potential to cause rotational motion in the spine. The measurement results of the spine rotational angle are used as the basis for carrying out kinematic and dynamic analysis. The degree of potential injury arising from movement is referred to at the normal allowable angle. From the results of the study, it is known that the area of the neck segment from the spinal line of Bapang Malangan dancers is a potentially injury critical area. This is related to the rotation angle that occurs (50-60o) exceeds the maximum limit of normal rotation (45o). The load that works at the point of rotation is the weight of the head which act as pendulum with a combination of compressive effects. The development of research can be directed to the dynamic effects of dance movements, focusing on the study of modes of motion 2 that produce rotational changes in the entire spinal line, studying the combined effects of other body parts, and considering the dancer's skill.
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Esteban-González, Pablo, Eleuterio A. Sánchez-Romero, and Jorge Hugo Villafañe. "Analysis of the Active Measurement Systems of the Thoracic Range of Movements of the Spine: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 3042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083042.
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(1) Objective: to analyze current active noninvasive measurement systems of the thoracic range of movements of the spine. (2) Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed that included observational or clinical trial studies published in English or Spanish, whose subjects were healthy human males or females ≥18 years of age with reported measurements of thoracic range of motion measured with an active system in either flexion, extension, lateral bending, or axial rotation. All studies that passed the screening had a low risk of bias and good methodological results, according to the PEDro and MINORS scales. The mean values and 95% confidence interval of the reported measures were calculated for different types of device groups. To calculate the differences between the type of device measures, studies were pooled for different types of device groups using Review Manager software. (3) Results: 48 studies were included in the review; all had scores higher than 7.5 over 10 on the PEDro and MINORs methodological rating scales, collecting a total of 2365 healthy subjects, 1053 males and 1312 females; they were 39.24 ± 20.64 years old and had 24.44 ± 3.81 kg/m2 body mass indexes on average. We summarized and analyzed a total of 11,892 measurements: 1298 of flexoextension, 1394 of flexion, 1021 of extension, 491 of side-to-side lateral flexion, 637 of right lateral flexion, 607 of left lateral flexion, 2170 of side-to-side rotation, 2152 of right rotation and 2122 of left rotation. (4) Conclusions: All collected and analyzed measurements of physiological movements of the dorsal spine had very disparate results from each other, the cause of the reason for such analysis is that the measurement protocols of the different types of measurement tools used in these measurements are different and cause measurement biases. To solve this, it is proposed to establish a standardized measurement protocol for all tools.
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Weber, N., R. Lennartz, J. Knitza, S. Bayat, M. Sadeghi, A. A. Ibrahim, C. Karatastan, et al. "AB1528-HPR FULL BODY HAPTIC BODYSUIT - AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE THE RANGE AND SPEED OF MOTION IN PATIENTS WITH AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS (axSpA) - PRELIMINARY RESULTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1866.2–1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3069.
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BackgroundMovement of the spine is restricted in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) [1]. Spine function is usually assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), which is based on a limited set of defined motions that are measured semiquantitatively in the spatial dimension but not in the temporal dimension. Sensor-based measurement of spine function in axSpA patients is in its infancy but may provide a deeper and more detailed understanding of the impact of axSpA on the impairment of spine function [2,3]. In theory, unbiased full body assessment of spine motion may open a new dimension in function analysis in axSpA.ObjectivesTo test if a of a full-body based haptic capturing of spine motion is technically feasible and can pick up the measurements of BASMI items 1-5. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether such measurements are accurate and reproducible comparing to BASMI scores done by rheumatologists. Lastly, we sought to measure velocity of spine movements to allow spatiotemporal analysis of motion.MethodsFor full-body haptic assessment of spine motion a full-body haptic suit (Teslasuit; VR Electronics Ltd, London) was used that consists of a smart textile two-piece bodysuit that not only captures range and speed of motion but also provides biometric and haptic feedback. This device is currently tested in clinical trials (https://teslasuit.io/rehabilitation/) but has not been tested in rheumatic diseases such as axSpA [4]. Since there is no pre-defined technical solution for measuring BASMI, we used the integrated inertial measurement units (IMUs) of the suit (Figure 1a). The suit is recording the position and rotations of its IMUs and is transforming the raw data to position coordinates and joint angle of the bones. We implemented an algorithm that is accessing the sensor data and is calculating the BASMI measurements as well as velocity. Assessment were done in healthy individuals. BASMI was obtained 3 times by teslasuit followed by standard BASMI measurement by 2 independent rheumatologists. In addition, rotational movements with their maximum torso speed to evaluate angular velocity were performed (Figure 1b). Measurements were compared using absolute values and relative standard deviation (which is the standard deviation normalized by the mean).ResultsFive healthy individuals (all males, age: 27.6 ± 1.8 years, height: 178 ± 5 cm; weight 70.0 ± 8.0 kg) were assessed. Teslasuit measurements were well tolerated. Technically, we were able to calculate BASMI item 3 and 5, finger-to-floor distance and the velocity of the spine movement using the position data of hand, talus and upper back sensors (Figure 1a, b). Due to absence of sensors at the head and the required back areas, BASMI 1, 2, 4 could only partially be captured and require further programming, which is currently performed. Only marginal differences were detected regarding the relative standard deviations of measurements between teslasuit and rheumatologists (BASMI 3: rheumatologists 8,5%: suit 10%; BASMI 5: rheumatologists 5,4%: suit 4,9%) (Figure 1c). The speed of spinal motion could be measured with an average angular velocity of 172.2 degrees/sec over the entire rotation motion and an average maximum angular velocity of 417.2 degrees/sec.ConclusionThis study shows that full-body haptic-suits can capture spinal motion including parts of the BASMI score. In addition, they allow to measure the speed of spinal movement, which might be an important and so far unrecognized factor to test the impact of axSpA on spinal function. Based on these results, full-body haptic-suits will be tested in axSpA patients in the future. Furthermore, technical solutions are currently developed to implement the remaining BASMI scores into the suit as well as connections from the suit to virtual reality devices for patients and doctors.References[1]Sieper, J. and D. Poddubnyy, Axial spondyloarthritis. Lancet 2017.[2]Gardiner, P.V., et al., Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020.[3]Kiefer, D., et al., S J Rheumatol 2022.[4]Caserman, P. et al Sensors (Basel) 2021.AcknowledgementsThis work was (partly) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – SFB 1483 – Project-ID 442419336, EmpkinS.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Martínez-Hernández, Adriana, Juan S. Perez-Lomelí, Ruben Burgos-Vargas, and Miguel A. Padilla-Castañeda. "A Wearable System Based on Multiple Magnetic and Inertial Measurement Units for Spine Mobility Assessment: A Reliability Study for the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041332.
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Spinal mobility assessment is essential for the diagnostic of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. BASMI is a routine clinical evaluation of the spine; its measurements are made with goniometers and tape measures, implying systematic errors, subjectivity, and low sensitivity. Therefore, it is crucial to develop better mobility assessment methods. The design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel system for assessing the entire spine’s motion are presented. It consists of 16 magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMUs) communicated wirelessly with a computer. The system evaluates the patient’s movements by implementing a sensor fusion of the triaxial gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer signals using a Kalman filter. Fifteen healthy participants were assessed with the system through six movements involving the entire spine to calculate continuous kinematics and maximum range of motion (RoM). The intrarater reliability was computed over the observed RoM, showing excellent reliability levels (intraclass correlation >0.9) in five of the six movements. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the system for further clinical studies with patients. The system has the potential to improve the BASMI method. To the best of our knowledge, our system involves the highest number of sensors, thus providing more objective information than current similar systems.
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Vasilevskaya, O. V. "Mobility of large joints of the lower extremities and the spine in patients with lumbar osteochondrosis." Kazan medical journal 68, no. 3 (June 15, 1987): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96043.
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In degenerative, traumatic and orthopedic diseases of the joints and spine, their motor function suffers above all. The amplitude of active and passive movements in the joints and spine, in addition to other clinical parameters, must be taken into account when formulating a treatment plan. A special protractor is still used for this purpose, but the accuracy of measurement by this method is extremely low (error of 5-6).
We determined mobility of large joints of lower limbs and spine in patients with various syndromes of lumbar osteochondrosis using a domestic UB-XL4 angle gauge. This device is used to measure surface deviations from the vertical and horizontal.
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Taylor, Nicholas, Owen Evans, and Patricia Goldie. "Reliability of measurement of angular movements of the pelvis and lumbar spine during treadmill walking." Physiotherapy Research International 6, no. 4 (November 2001): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pri.229.
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Kim, Hyunho, Sang-Hoon Shin, Jeong-Kyun Kim, Young-Jae Park, Hwan-Sup Oh, and Young-Bae Park. "Cervical Coupling Motion Characteristics in Healthy People Using a Wireless Inertial Measurement Unit." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/570428.
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Objective. The objectives were to show the feasibility of a wireless microelectromechanical system inertial measurement unit (MEMS-IMU) to assess the time-domain characteristics of cervical motion that are clinically useful to evaluate cervical spine movement.Methods. Cervical spine movements were measured in 18 subjects with wireless IMUs. All rotation data are presented in the Euler angle system. Amount of coupling motions was evaluated by calculating the average angle ratio and the maximum angle ratio of the coupling motion to the primary motion. Reliability is presented with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).Results. Entire time-domain characteristics of cervical motion were measured with developed MEMS-IMU system. Cervical range of motion (CROM) and coupling motion range were measured with high ICCs. The acquired data and calculated parameters had similar tendency with the previous studies.Conclusions. We evaluated cervical motion with economic system using a wireless IMU of high reliability. We could directly measure the three-dimensional cervical motion in degrees in realtime. The characteristics measured by this system may provide a diagnostic basis for structural or functional dysfunction of cervical spine. This system is also useful to demonstrate the effectiveness of any intervention such as conventional medical treatment, and Korean medical treatment, exercise therapy.
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Triantafyllou, Athanasios, Georgios Papagiannis, Sophia Stasi, Daphne Bakalidou, Maria Kyriakidou, George Papathanasiou, Elias C. Papadopoulos, Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos, and Panayiotis Koulouvaris. "Application of Wearable Sensors Technology for Lumbar Spine Kinematic Measurements during Daily Activities following Microdiscectomy Due to Severe Sciatica." Biology 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030398.
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Background: The recurrence rate of lumbar spine microdiscectomies (rLSMs) is estimated to be 5–15%. Lumbar spine flexion (LSF) of more than 10° is mentioned as the most harmful load to the intervertebral disc that could lead to recurrence during the first six postoperative weeks. The purpose of this study is to quantify LSFs, following LSM, at the period of six weeks postoperatively. Methods: LSFs were recorded during the daily activities of 69 subjects for 24 h twice per week, using Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). Results: The mean number of more than 10 degrees of LSFs per hour were: 41.3/h during the 1st postoperative week (P.W.) (29.9% healthy subjects-H.S.), 2nd P.W. 60.1/h (43.5% H.S.), 3rd P.W. 74.2/h (53.7% H.S.), 4th P.W. 82.9/h (60% H.S.), 5th P.W. 97.3/h (70.4% H.S.) and 6th P.W. 105.5/h (76.4% H.S.). Conclusions: LSFs constitute important risk factors for rLDH. Our study records the lumbar spine kinematic pattern of such patients for the first time during their daily activities. Patients’ data report less sagittal plane movements than healthy subjects. In vitro studies should be carried out, replicating our results to identify if such a kinematic pattern could cause rLDH. Furthermore, IMU biofeedback capabilities could protect patients from such harmful movements.
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Oppelt, Konrad, Aidan Hogan, Felix Stief, Paul Alfred Grützner, and Ursula Trinler. "Movement Analysis in Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery – Measurement Systems and Clinical Applications." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie 158, no. 03 (July 10, 2019): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0873-1557.
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Abstract Background Technical development lead to an enhancement of clinical movement analysis in the last few decades and expanded its research and clinical applications. Since the mid 20th century, human movement analysis has made its way into clinical practice, e.g. in treating poliomyelitis and infantile cerebral palsy. Today, it has a wide range of applications in various clinical areas. The aim of this narrative review is to illustrate the variety of camera-based systems for human movement analysis and their clinical applications, specifically in the field of orthopaedics and trauma surgery (O/U). Benefits and limitations of each system are shown. Future development and necessary improvements are discussed. Material and Methods A selective literature review was undertaken with the databases PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords related to clinical human movement analysis in the field of orthopaedics and trauma surgery. Furthermore standard book references were included. Results Common video camera systems (VS) are used for basic visual movement analysis. Instrumented movement analysis systems include marker-based systems (MBS), markerless optical systems (MLS) and rasterstereographic analysis systems (VRS). VS, MBS and MLS have clinical use for dynamic examination of patients with various disorders in movement and gait. Among such are e.g. neuro-orthopaedic disorders, muscular insufficiencies, degenerative and post-trauma deficiencies with e.g. resultant pathologic leg axis. Besides the measurement of kinematic data by MBS and MLS, the combination with kinetic measurements to detect abnormal loading patterns as well as the combination with electromyography (EMG) to detect abnormal muscle function is a great advantage. Validity and reliability of kinematic measurements depend on the camera systems (MBS, MLS), the applied marker models, the joints of interest and the observed movement plane. Movements in the sagittal plane of the hip and knee joint, pelvic rotation and tilt as well as hip abduction are generally measured with high reliability. In the frontal and transverse planes of the knee and ankle joint substantial angular variabilities were noted due to the small range of motion of the joints in these planes. Soft tissue artefacts and marker placement are the biggest sources of errors. So far MLS did not improve these limitations. MBS are most accurate and remain the gold-standard in clinical and scientific movement analysis. VRS is used clinically for static 3D-analysis of the trunk posture and spine deformities. Current systems allow the dynamic measurement and visualisation of trunk and spine movement in 3D during gait and running. Planar x-ray-imaging (Cobbʼs angle) and to some extent cross sectional imaging with CT-scan or MRI are commonly used for the evaluation of patients with spinal deformities. VRS offers functional 3D data of trunk and spine deformities without radiation exposure, thus allowing safer clinical monitoring of the mainly infantile and adolescent patients. The accuracy, validity and reliability of measurements of different VRS-systems for the clinical use has been proven by several studies. Conclusion The instrumented movement analysis is an additional tool that aids clinical practitioners of O/U in the dynamic assessment of pathologic movement and loading patterns. In conjunction with common radiologic imaging it aids in the planning of type and extent of corrective surgical interventions. In the field of orthopaedics and trauma surgery movement analysis can help as an additional diagnostic tool to develop therapeutic strategies and evaluate clinical outcomes.
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Strimpakos, N., V. Sakellari, G. Gioftsos, M. Papathanasiou, E. Brountzos, D. Kelekis, E. Kapreli, and J. Oldham. "Cervical Spine ROM Measurements: Optimizing the Testing Protocol by Using a 3D Ultrasound-Based Motion Analysis System." Cephalalgia 25, no. 12 (December 2005): 1133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00970.x.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability and validity of neck range of motion (ROM) measurements. Thirty-five healthy subjects were assessed in all neck movements from two initial positions, sitting and standing, actively (open and closed eyes) and passively by using a 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis device (Zebris). Three tests were employed to assess intra-examiner reliability and two examiners used for the inter-examiner reliability. X-rays in neck flexion and extension were used to validate the Zebris system. The standing position yielded higher intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values (>0.86) with less error [smallest detectable difference (SDD) < 13.8%] than sitting (ICC > 0.79, SDD < 14%). Passive assessment of neck ROM presented better reproducibility than active assessment with open or closed eyes in both positions. The inter-examiner reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.43-0.68). The correlation between the Zebris system and X-rays was high in both flexion and extension movements. The results showed that the most reliable protocol for assessment of neck ROM is a passive measurement in the standing position. The measurements were well validiated against X-rays and the experience of the investigators must be considered before any comparison among studies is employed.
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Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna, Nico Steckhan, Jan Philipp Sachs, Harry Freitas da Cruz, Erwin Böttinger, and Bert Arnrich. "Monitoring of Sitting Postures With Sensor Networks in Controlled and Free-living Environments: Systematic Review." JMIR Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): e21105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21105.
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Background A majority of employees in the industrial world spend most of their working time in a seated position. Monitoring sitting postures can provide insights into the underlying causes of occupational discomforts such as low back pain. Objective This study focuses on the technologies and algorithms used to classify sitting postures on a chair with respect to spine and limb movements. Methods A total of three electronic literature databases were surveyed to identify studies classifying sitting postures in adults. Quality appraisal was performed to extract critical details and assess biases in the shortlisted papers. Results A total of 14 papers were shortlisted from 952 papers obtained after a systematic search. The majority of the studies used pressure sensors to measure sitting postures, whereas neural networks were the most frequently used approaches for classification tasks in this context. Only 2 studies were performed in a free-living environment. Most studies presented ethical and methodological shortcomings. Moreover, the findings indicate that the strategic placement of sensors can lead to better performance and lower costs. Conclusions The included studies differed in various aspects of design and analysis. The majority of studies were rated as medium quality according to our assessment. Our study suggests that future work for posture classification can benefit from using inertial measurement unit sensors, since they make it possible to differentiate among spine movements and similar postures, considering transitional movements between postures, and using three-dimensional cameras to annotate the data for ground truth. Finally, comparing such studies is challenging, as there are no standard definitions of sitting postures that could be used for classification. In addition, this study identifies five basic sitting postures along with different combinations of limb and spine movements to help guide future research efforts.
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Beavis, A. "Cervical orthoses." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 13, no. 1 (April 1989): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648909079403.
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A biomechanical study is presented to compare the effectiveness of three types of off-the-shelf cervical orthoses and one custom-fit collar in restricting cervical spine motion. A group of 10 normal subjects was studied. The measurements of flexion and extension, lateral side flexion and axial rotation were recorded using various measurement techniques. Interface pressures at the chin and occiput were also measured, along with the warming effect of the collars. The results indicated that all the collars restricted neck movements, for example, the Plastazote collar by 50% of flexion and extension, and that there was no significant difference between off-the-shelf Plastazote and custom-fit collars in restricting movement. Significantly high interface pressures were recorded at the chin, with the subjects wearing the hard and Plastazote orthoses. The warming effect of the soft collar was equal to that of a wool scarf. The study was aimed at improving prescription and although the subjective observations were not validated, the subjects concluded that the custom-fit collars were more comfortable; an important point with such a high rejection rate.
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Franco, Luca, Raj Sengupta, Logan Wade, and Dario Cazzola. "A novel IMU-based clinical assessment protocol for Axial Spondyloarthritis: a protocol validation study." PeerJ 9 (January 26, 2021): e10623. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10623.
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Clinical assessment of spinal impairment in Axial Spondyloarthritis is currently performed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrological Index (BASMI). Despite being appreciated for its simplicity, the BASMI index lacks sensitivity and specificity of spinal changes, demonstrating poor association with radiographical range of motion (ROM). Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have shown promising results as a cost-effective method to quantitatively examine movement of the human body, however errors due to sensor angular drift have limited their application to a clinical space. Therefore, this article presents a wearable sensor protocol that facilitates unrestrained orientation measurements in space while limiting sensor angular drift through a novel constraint-based approach. Eleven healthy male participants performed five BASMI-inspired functional movements where spinal ROM and continuous kinematics were calculated for five spine segments and four spinal joint levels (lumbar, lower thoracic, upper thoracic and cervical). A Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the level of agreement on range of motion measurements, whilst intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standardised error measurement, and minimum detectable change (MDC) to assess relative and absolute reliability. Continuous kinematics error was investigated through root mean square error (RMSE), maximum absolute error (MAE) and Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). The overall error in the measurement of continuous kinematic measures was low in both the sagittal (RMSE = 2.1°), and frontal plane (RMSE = 2.3°). ROM limits of agreement (LoA) and minimum detectable change were excellent for the sagittal plane (maximum value LoA 1.9° and MDC 2.4°) and fair for lateral flexion (overall value LoA 4.8° and MDC 5.7°). The reliability analysis showed excellent level of agreement (ICC > 0.9) for both segment and joint ROM across all movements. The results from this study demonstrated better or equivalent accuracy than previous studies and were considered acceptable for application in a clinical setting. The protocol has shown to be a valuable tool for the assessment of spinal ROM and kinematics, but a clinical validation study on Axial Spondyloarthritis patients is required for the development and testing of a novel mobility index.
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VCELAK, JOSEF, PETR TICHÝ, TOMÁŠ BOUDA, JIŘÍ CHOMIAK, and LADISLAV TÓTH. "PEDICLE SCREW CONVERGENCE IMPACT ON THE STABILITY OF TRANSPEDICULAR FIXATION SPINE MODEL IN CYCLIC LOADING: BIOMECHANICAL STUDY." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 05 (October 2015): 1550078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415500785.
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The principle of this study is experimental measurement and description of behavior of transpedicular fixation during cyclic loading due to convergence of screw insertion. Investigations were made of three configurations of assemblies of posterior stabliization with converging screws at 0°, 20° and 40°. The experiment was inspired ASTM Standard F1717 and modified to minimize the effect of other parameters. The MTS 858.2 Mini Bionix testing system was used during the experiment, in conjunction with the Interface 1010ACK load cell. Data processing and analysis were carried out by Matlab R 20102b, MathWorks. The probed assemblies were cyclically loaded until structural failure occurred, always at the screwbone (or PUR block) interface, i.e., the "windshield wiper" effect. The measurement results show that while the rigidity of the assembly increases with increased convergence of transpedicular screws, they also indicate an increased initial rate of assembly damage accumulation, together with assembly failure during a reduced number of cyclic loading cycles. The mechanical behavioral study of transpedicular fixation is limited by the conditions of simplification of interpretation of complex movements and spinal pathophysiology in the attempt to minimize the effect of other parameters and exaggerated measurements.
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Ibañez Martin, LI, and H. Ogando Berea. "Proposal of a rehabilitation protocol for a Type II Mason radius head fracture following surgical intervention OSTEOSYNTHESIS with cannulated screws in an elite triathlete. Case study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 6_suppl3 (June 1, 2018): 2325967118S0004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00045.
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A 33-year-old man suffers a radius head fracture after a bicycle fall. Surgically operation with OSTEOSYNTHESIS with two cannulated screws was performed. These fractures, can be a complication in this sport for the technical gesture necessary for the practice of swimming, which needs the recovery of the strength and the complete articular range. Objectives: The objective of the present work is make a proposal of a rehabilitation program focused on the recovery of joint range, strength and adaptation work to swimming. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature of the databases of Medline, PubMed, Scopus, PEDRO and SPORTDiscus was carried out. Results: It was designed a rehabilitation protocol specialized in elbow joint mobilization in flexo-extension and prono-supination, joint and soft-tissue manual therapy, electrotherapy and analgesic measures, muscular strengthening work (isometric, concentric and eccentric) and proprioceptive work In different joint ranges. Spine and shoulders: Manual joint and soft tissue therapy in cervical-dorsal spine, scapular and glenohumeral articulations, strengthening of the external rotator shoulder and scapular stabilizers muscles and flexibilization of the dorsal spine. Integration in technical movements: in water (Swimming technique and swimming simulation), functional work (with elastic bands), integration of the elbow movements in the lumbopelvic stabilization work and functional movements (ball launches and receptions). The program was evaluated by goniometric measurement, recordings of the technical gesture and comparative evaluation of the strength. Conclusion: The triathlete recovered the ROM and strength necessary to make the gesture of swimming correctly as well as the return to the competition of high level, reason why the protocol proposed can be useful.Limitation of the work: lack of research on this topic (which limits its justification).
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Michaud, Florian, Manuel Pérez Soto, Urbano Lugrís, and Javier Cuadrado. "Lower Back Injury Prevention and Sensitization of Hip Hinge with Neutral Spine Using Wearable Sensors during Lifting Exercises." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 5487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165487.
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The popularization and industrialization of fitness over the past decade, with the rise of big box gyms and group classes, has reduced the quality of the basic formation and assessment of practitioners, which has increased the risk of injury. For most lifting exercises, a universal recommendation is maintaining a neutral spine position. Otherwise, there is a risk of muscle injury or, even worse, of a herniated disc. Maintaining the spine in a neutral position during lifting exercises is difficult, as it requires good core stability, a good hip hinge and, above all, observation of the posture in order to keep it correct. For this reason, in this work the authors propose the prevention of lumbar injuries with two inertial measurement units. The relative rotation between two sensors was measured for 39 voluntary subjects during the performance of two lifting exercises: the American kettlebell swing and the deadlift. The accuracy of the measurements was evaluated, especially in the presence of metals and for fast movements, by comparing the obtained results with those from an optical motion capture system. Finally, in order to develop a tool for improving sport performance and preventing injury, the authors analyzed the recorded motions, seeking to identify the most relevant parameters for good and safe lifting execution.
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Smith, J. C., and J. Mead. "Three degree of freedom description of movement of the human chest wall." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.3.928.
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A three degree of freedom description of movement of the human chest wall is presented. In addition to the standard variables representing surface displacements of the rib cage and abdominal wall in transverse planes, the description includes a variable representing axial displacements of the chest wall associated with postural movements of the spine and pelvis. A simple technique was developed for quantifying the axial displacements using a single measurement by magnetometry of changes in the distance between a point on the anterior surface of the rib cage near the xiphisternum and a point on the abdominal surface near the pubic symphysis. It was found that axial displacements produced by either flexion-extension of the spine or rotation of the pelvis in the standing postures can be treated as a single degree of freedom. The chest wall displacements induced over the range of axial displacement examined were as large as those normally accompanying a change in lung volume on the order of 30–50% of the vital capacity. It is concluded, however, that although this additional degree of freedom can cause large chest wall displacements, it probably cannot independently change lung volume. This implies that the system is constrained so that there are only a limited number of independent modes of chest wall movement that are capable of producing significant changes in lung volume. It also suggests that the system is constructed so that lung volume can be relatively independent of certain postural distortions of the chest wall.
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Meinke, Anita, Rick Peters, Ruud H. Knols, Jaap Swanenburg, and Walter Karlen. "Feedback on Trunk Movements From an Electronic Game to Improve Postural Balance in People With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Serious Games 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): e31685. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31685.
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Background Postural balance is compromised in people with low back pain, possibly by changes in motor control of the trunk. Augmenting exercising interventions with sensor-based feedback on trunk posture and movements might improve postural balance in people with low back pain. Objective We hypothesized that exercising with feedback on trunk movements reduces sway in anterior-posterior direction during quiet standing in people with low back pain. Secondary outcomes were lumbar spine and hip movement assessed during box lift and waiter bow tasks, as well as participant-reported outcomes. Adherence to the exercising intervention was also examined. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the intervention group receiving unsupervised home exercises with visual feedback using the Valedo Home, an exergame based on 2 inertial measurement units. The control group received no intervention. Outcomes were recorded by blinded staff during 4 visits (T1-T4) at University Hospital Zurich. The intervention group performed 9 sessions of 20 minutes in the 3 weeks between T2 and T3 and were instructed to exercise at their own convenience between T3 and T4. Postural balance was assessed on a force platform. Lumbar spine and hip angles were obtained from 3 inertial measurement units. The assessments included pain intensity, disability, quality of life, and fear of movement questionnaires. Results A total of 32 participants with nonspecific low back pain completed the first assessment T1, and 27 (84%) participants were randomized at T2 (n=14, 52% control and n=13, 48% intervention). Intention-to-treat analysis revealed no significant difference in change in anterior-posterior sway direction during the intervention period with a specified schedule (T2-T3) between the groups (W=99; P=.36; r=0.07). None of the outcomes showed significant change in accordance with our hypotheses. The intervention group completed a median of 61% (55/90; range 2%-99%) of the exercises in the predefined training program. Adherence was higher in the first intervention period with a specified schedule. Conclusions The intervention had no significant effect on postural balance or other outcomes, but the wide range of adherence and a limited sample size challenged the robustness of these conclusions. Future work should increase focus on improving adherence to digital interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04364243; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04364243 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/26982
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Chen, Zong-Rong, Wei-Chi Tsai, Shih-Feng Huang, Tzu-Yi Li, and Chen-Yi Song. "Classification of Plank Techniques Using Wearable Sensors." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 4510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124510.
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The plank is a common core-stability exercise. Developing a wearable inertial sensor system for distinguishing between acceptable and aberrant plank techniques and detecting specific deviations from acceptable plank techniques can enhance performance and prevent injury. The purpose of this study was to develop an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based plank technique quantification system. Nineteen healthy volunteers (age: 20.5 ± 0.8 years, BMI: 22.9 ± 1.4 kg/m2) performed the standard plank technique and six deviations with five IMUs positioned on the occiput, cervical spine, thoracic spine, sacrum, and right radius to record movements. The random forest method was employed to perform the classification. The proposed binary tree classification model achieved an accuracy of more than 86%. The average sensitivities were higher than 90%, and the specificities were higher than 91%, except for one deviation (83%). These results suggest that the five IMU-based systems can classify the plank technique as acceptable or aberrant with good accuracy, high sensitivity, and acceptable specificity, which has significant implications in monitoring plank biomechanics and enabling coaching practice.
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Wolf, Eduard, Dirk Möller, Nikolasus Ballenberger, Karsten Morisse, and Christoff Zalpour. "Marker-Based Method for Analyzing the Three-Dimensional Upper Body Kinematics of Violinists: Reproducibility." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 176–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2022.3025.
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BACKGROUND: Recently, Wolf et al. proposed a novel, marker-based method to analyze the three-dimensional upper-body kinematics of high string players for clinical application. The method provides an objective evaluation of high string players’ motor strategies, especially in the shoulder complex, by distinguishing between the scapulothoracic (ST) and glenohumeral (GH) joints, while minimizing skin movement artifacts, marker occlusions, and limitations due to instrument placement. Nevertheless, reproducibility of kinematic measurements is crucial for clinical applications. The aim of this study was to assess the method’s reproducibility in terms of reliability and repeatability. METHODS: One healthy professional violinist underwent a total of nine bowing trials in three different laboratory sessions. Each trial was conducted by one of two different examiners. A biomechanical model was applied to motion capture data of the pelvis, thorax, spine, and head, as well as both upper limbs (consisting of the scapula, upper arm, forearm and hand). Reproducibility was assessed by calculating inter- and intra-tester, inter-session, and intra-subject measurement errors for each rotational degree of freedom in the upper-body segments and joints. FINDINGS: Small measurement errors were accepted to be good indicators for reproducibility. Intra- and inter-tester errors were found to be small (< 3° for the most part). Both inter-session and intra-subject repeatability were found to be larger (< 5° for the most part). INTERPRETATION: This study generally showed the novel, marker-based method to have good reproducibility for a healthy violinist. This indicates that the proposed method is a reliable tool for quantifying upper-body movements during violin playing across subjects, examiners, laboratories, and motion capture systems.
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Tahir, Ramesha, M. Ammar Ahmad Sohail, Noor Ul Ain, Qurat Ul Aine, Hira Mannan, and Ayesha Maqbool. "Comparative effect of upper thoracic spine mobilization with mobility exercises and upper cervical spine mobilization with stabilization exercises in mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial." Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care 26, no. 4 (August 17, 2022): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35975/apic.v26i4.1952.
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Background & Objective: Neck pain is a very prevalent health condition. Physiotherapists use multiple treatment options for treating mechanical neck pain. We evaluated the effects of upper thoracic spine mobilization and mobility exercise and upper cervical spine mobilization and stabilization exercises in treating patients with mechanical neck pain.
Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted comprising of 36 patients recruited from different clinics of Faisalabad, both genders, ages from 20-40 y, and randomly divided into two groups. Group A underwent upper thoracic mobilization and mobility exercise while Group B underwent upper cervical mobilization with stabilization exercises for 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Pain scores on Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and cervical range of movements (ROM) scores were measured before treatment and then weekly for 4 weeks, while Neck Disability Index (NDI) was assessed at baseline and at the end of 4th week. SPSS version. 22 was used to analyze the data. Independent sample t-test was used for between group compression and P ≤ 0.05 (95%) was considered as significant.
Results: There was significant improvement in mean NPRS scores at 1st week, 2nd week, 3rd week and 4th week post-treatment (P < 0.05). There was significant improvement in mean cervical ROM at 2nd week, 3rd week and 4th week post-treatment readings (P < 0.05) and mean NDI score at 4th week (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Both groups were found effective in improving pain, range of motion and neck function, but significant improvement in outcomes was observed in upper cervical mobilization and stabilization exercises group.
Abbreviations: NPRS - Numerical Pain Rating Scale; ROM - Range of movements; NDI - Neck Disability Index; MNP - Mechanical neck pain;
Key words: Adult; Cervical Vertebrae / physiopathology; Disability Evaluation; Exercise Therapy / methods; Female; Humans; Male; Manipulation, Spinal / methods; Neck / physiopathology; Neck Pain / physiopathology; Neck Pain / rehabilitation; Pain Measurement; Range of Motion, Articular; Thoracic Vertebrae / physiopathology; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
Citation: Tahir R, Sohail MAA, Ain NU, Aine QU, Mannan H, Maqbool A. Comparative effect of upper thoracic spine mobilization with mobility exercises and upper cervical spine mobilization with stabilization exercises in mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):488-495.
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1952
Received: April 11, 2022; Reviewed: June 23, 2022; Accepted: July 14, 2022
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du Rose, Alister. "Have Studies that Measure Lumbar Kinematics and Muscle Activity Concurrently during Sagittal Bending Improved Understanding of Spinal Stability and Sub-System Interactions? A Systematic Review." Healthcare 6, no. 3 (September 8, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6030112.
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In order to improve understanding of the complex interactions between spinal sub-systems (i.e., the passive (ligaments, discs, fascia and bones), the active (muscles and tendons) and the neural control systems), it is necessary to take a dynamic approach that incorporates the measurement of multiple systems concurrently. There are currently no reviews of studies that have investigated dynamic sagittal bending movements using a combination of electromyography (EMG) and lumbar kinematic measurements. As such it is not clear how understanding of spinal stability concepts has advanced with regards to this functional movement of the spine. The primary aim of this review was therefore to evaluate how such studies have contributed to improved understanding of lumbar spinal stability mechanisms. PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched using combinations of the keywords related to spinal stability and sagittal bending tasks, using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Whilst examples of the interactions between the passive and active sub-systems were shown, typically small sample sizes meant that results were not generalizable. The majority of studies used regional kinematic measurements, and whilst this was appropriate in terms of individual study aims, the studies could not provide insight into sub-system interaction at the level of the spinal motion segment. In addition, the heterogeneity in methodologies made comparison between studies difficult. The review suggests that since Panjabi’s seminal spinal control papers, only limited advancement in the understanding of these theories has been provided by the studies under review, particularly at an inter-segmental level. This lack of progression indicates a requirement for new research approaches that incorporate multiple system measurements at a motion segment level.
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Csuhai, Éva Anett, Attila Csaba Nagy, Zsuzsanna Váradi, and Ilona Veres-Balajti. "Functional Analysis of the Spine with the Idiag SpinalMouse System among Sedentary Workers Affected by Non-Specific Low Back Pain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 9259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249259.
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WHO describes “low back pain” (LBP) as the most common problem in overall occupational-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of spinal functionality among sedentary workers and determine usability of the SpinalMouse® skin-surface measurement device in workplace settings in a risk population for LBP. The spinal examination was implemented at National Instruments Corporations’ Hungarian subsidiary, Debrecen in October, 2015, involving 95 white-collar employees as volunteers to assess spinal posture and functional movements. Data from the physical examination of 91 subjects (age: 34.22 ± 7.97 years) were analyzed. Results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in posture and mobility of the spinal regions in sitting compared to standing position. Significant positive correlations were observed between values measured in standing and sitting positions in all observed regions and aspects of the spine (p < 0.05) except posture of lumbar extension (p = 0.07) and mobility of sacrum/hip in E-F (p = 0.818). Significant (p < 0.001) difference (5.70°) was found between the spinal inclination in sitting 6.47 ± 3.55° compared to standing 0.77 ± 2.53 position. Sitting position has a negative effect on the posture and mobility of the spine among white-collar employees. The SpinalMouse can be used effectively to determine spinal posture and mobility in cross-sectional studies and impact analysis of physical exercise interventions.
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Worsey, Matthew, Bethany Jones, Andres Cervantes, Sabrina Chauvet, David Thiel, and Hugo Espinosa. "Assessment of Head Impacts and Muscle Activity in Soccer Using a T3 Inertial Sensor and a Portable Electromyography (EMG) System: A Preliminary Study." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050834.
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Heading the ball is an important skill in soccer. Head impacts are of concern because of the potential adverse health effects. Many elite players now wear GPS (that include inertial monitoring units) on the upper spine for location tracking and workload measurement. By measuring the maximum acceleration of the head and the upper spine, we calculated the acceleration ratio as an attenuation index for participants (n = 8) of different skill levels during a front heading activity. This would allow for in-field estimates of head impacts to be made and concussive events detected. For novice participants, the ratio was as high as 8.3 (mean value 5.0 ± 1.8), whereas, for experienced players, the mean ratio was 3.2 ± 1.5. Elite players stiffen the neck muscles to increase the ball velocity and so the torso acts as a support structure. Electromyography (EMG) signals that were recorded from the neck and shoulder before and after a training intervention showed a major increase in mean average muscle activity (146%, p = 3.39 × 10−6). This was accompanied by a major decrease in acceleration ratio (34.41%, p = 0.008). The average head-ball impact velocity was 1.95 ± 0.53 m/s determined while using optical motion capture. For this low velocity, the impact force was 102 ± 19 N, 13% of the published concussive force. The voluntary action of neck muscles decreases isolated head movements during heading. Coaches and trainers may use this evidence in their development of junior players.
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Kacpura, Jakub, Jakub Dziura, and Jolanta G. Zuzda. "Impact of Hip Conditioning Program with Rotational Movements on the lumbar pain occurrence and foot load parameters." International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Health Research 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/sportmed.4206.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was the analysis of foot load parameters and pain ion lumbar region after Hip Conditioning Program with Rotational Movements (HCP) and its influence on these parameters. Methods: The study included twenty-three middle-aged volunteers from Bialystok University of Technology (age: 49,43±11,88 years). During the first visit all participants were measured for each of the following components: height, weight and body mass index and all the participants completed written informed content the PAR-Q+ to identify potentially dangerous health conditions before the HCP. The assessment of foot load parameters and pain levels was conducted with Footwork Pro capacitive pressure measurement plate (Amcube, United Kingdom) and Standardised Nordic questionnaire about the occurrence of pain in lower back area before and after the HCP training regime. The collected data were processed with the Statistica 12 program (StatSoft Inc., United States). Footload parameters were examined with t-test for dependent samples and pain occurrence with Cochran Q test. Results: The results shows that HCP was effective and caused reduction in pain occurrence by 21,74% in lumbar spine region and better alignment of the foot load parameters in midfoot, lateral and overall foot region. Conclusion: It stands in line with other studies that HCP is effective and efficient way to help people who fights chronic low back pain. Increase in the pressure on the midfoot and lateral side of foot potentially reduce valgus of the ankle joint and lessen pressure on the longitudinal arch of the foot.
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Stadhouder, Agnita, Constantinus F. M. Buckens, Herman R. Holtslag, and F. Cumhur Öner. "Are existing outcome instruments suitable for assessment of spinal trauma patients?" Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 13, no. 5 (November 2010): 638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.5.spine09128.
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Object Valid outcome assessment tools specific for spinal trauma patients are necessary to establish the efficacy of different treatment options. So far, no validated specific outcome measures are available for this patient population. The purpose of this study was to assess the current state of outcome measurement in spinal trauma patients and to address the question of whether this group is adequately served by current disease-specific and generic health-related quality-of-life instruments. Methods A number of widely used outcome measures deemed most appropriate were reviewed, and their applicability to spinal trauma outcome discussed. An overview of recent movements in the theoretical foundations of outcome assessment, as it pertains to spinal trauma patients has been attempted, along with a discussion of domains important for spinal trauma. Commonly used outcome measures that are recommended for use in trauma patients were reviewed from the perspective of spinal trauma. The authors further sought to select a number of spine trauma–relevant domains from the WHO's comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a benchmark for assessing the content coverage of the commonly used outcome measurements reviewed. Results The study showed that there are no psychometrically validated outcome measurements for the spinal trauma population and there are no commonly used outcome measures that provide adequate content coverage for spinal trauma domains. Conclusions Spinal trauma patients are currently followed either as a subset of the polytrauma population in the acute and early postacute setting or as a subset of neurological injury in the long-term revalidation medicine setting.
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Malik, F. T., R. M. Clement, D. T. Gethin, M. Kiernan, T. Goral, P. Griffiths, D. Beynon, and A. R. Parker. "Hierarchical structures of cactus spines that aid in the directional movement of dew droplets." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2073 (August 6, 2016): 20160110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0110.
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Three species of cactus whose spines act as dew harvesters were chosen for this study: Copiapoa cinerea var. haseltoniana , Mammillaria columbiana subsp. yucatanensis and Parodia mammulosa and compared with Ferocactus wislizenii whose spines do not perform as dew harvesters. Time-lapse snapshots of C. cinerea showed movement of dew droplets from spine tips to their base, even against gravity. Spines emanating from one of the areoles of C. cinerea were submerged in water laced with fluorescent nanoparticles and this particular areole with its spines and a small area of stem was removed and imaged. These images clearly showed that fluorescent water had moved into the stem of the plant. Lines of vascular bundles radiating inwards from the surface areoles (from where the spines emanate) to the core of the stem were detected using magnetic resonance imaging, with the exception of F. wislizenii that does not harvest dew on its spines. Spine microstructures were examined using SEM images and surface roughness measurements ( R a and R z ) taken of the spines of C. cinerea . It was found that a roughness gradient created by tapered microgrooves existed that could potentially direct surface water from a spine tip to its base. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science’.
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Manix, Thomas, Michael R. Gunderson, and Geoffrey C. Garth. "Comparison of Prehospital Cervical Immobilization Devices Using Video and Electromyography." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00042096.
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AbstractIntroduction:Previous evaluations of prehospital devices intended for spinal immobilization have focused on the device's ability to restrict motion only. This study defines six relevant criteria for evaluation of cervical immobilization device (CID) performance.Objectives:To suggest relevant criteria for evaluation and use available technology to improve measurements for performance testing of prehospital-care devices.Methods:Six parameters (motion restriction, access, ease of application, environmental performance, radiolucency, and storage size) were used to evaluate three types of CIDs: Device A—a single-use corrugated board; Device B—a reusable foam-block CID; and Device C—hospital towels and adhesive tape. To test motion restriction, the most frequently compared parameters for immobilization devices, 20 volunteers were asked to move their heads and necks through a series of motions (flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation). Their movements were videotaped, still images of each movement were generated, and the degrees of deflection recorded from these still images. To ensure a consistent level of force, electromyography (EMG) of the sternodydomastoid and extensor muscles was employed.Results:Data were produced for each parameter and presented for comparison. The use of video to determine deflection proved to be a useful and highly accurate (±1°) method for measurement. The use of EMG technology enabled force to be controlled indirectly when the subjects used moderate levels of exertion. Overall, Devices A and C restricted motion better than Device B. Although Device C required the shortest time for application, it took the longest to prepare for application. The total time required for preparation and application of A and B essentially were equivalent, with A requiring no preparation time but taking the longest for application, and B having an intermediate interval for application. Device A allowed for the best examination of the head and neck. No differences were detected in performance in extreme environmental conditions or in radiolucency for cervical spine X-ray examinations. Device A consumed the smallest storage volume, B the greatest storage volume, and C an intermediate volume substantially greater than that required for A.Conclusion:Device evaluation should include examination of all relevant performance parameters using the most accurate and meaningful methods possible.
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Błaszczyk, Anna, and Małgorzata B. Ogurkowska. "The use of electromyography and kinematic measurements of the lumbar spine during ergonomic intervention among workers of the production line of a foundry." PeerJ 10 (March 18, 2022): e13072. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13072.
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Purpose Workers who perform repetitive movements are exposed to many risk factors leading to the occurrence of lumbar back pain. The aim of the research was to answer the question whether the ergonomic instruction conducted by a physiotherapist would change the tested range of motion of the segments of lumbar spine and the symmetry of the work of the torso and upper limbs muscles during work performed by foundry employees. Methods The study included 12 foundry production line workers with musculoskeletal pain. The workstation was built in the laboratory that perfectly simulates work on the production line. The workers performed two activities from their daily work, i.e. transferring and moving a casting. They were then given ergonomic instruction by a physiotherapist and performed the assigned tasks again. During the activities, the electromyographic signal from five muscles was recorded in terms of symmetry of their work. The maximum angular ranges of the motor segments of the lumbar spine were measured using gyroscopes. Results After the ergonomic instruction, the contralateral imbalance of muscle activity decreased statistically significantly during the first phase (p = 0.0004), second phase (p = 0.0002) and the third phase (p = 0.0069) of transferring the casting. While moving the casting , only erector spinae showed statistically significantly (p = 0.0131) more symmetrical work after the ergonomic instruction. During the transfer of the casting, statistically significantly lower values of the ranges of motion between the segments were obtained after carrying out the ergonomic instruction for the left (p = 0.0231) and right (p = 0.0032) lateral flexion. The ranges of movement between the segments differed statistically significantly for the flexion (p = 0.0117), extension (p = 0.0469) and left (p = 0.0031) and right lateral flexion movements (p = 0.0012). Conclusion Conducting ergonomic instruction consisting in teaching the correct performance of a movement task reduced the contralateral imbalance of muscle activity and changes the ranges of movement of L1-S1 segments. The task of optimizing the load on the musculoskeletal system, including the lumbar spine, should be carried out by means of appropriate ergonomic instruction and multi-pronged measures, including analysis of the health of employees, their working environment and physical activity outside the workplace. Electromyography and measurements of the range of movement of the lumbar spine appear to be good tools for the evaluation of workplace ergonomics.
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Du Toit, DE, P. Olivier, L. Grenfell, and B. Eksteen. "Isokinetic neck strength norms for schoolboy rugby forwards." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 17, no. 1 (June 24, 2005): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2005/v17i1a175.
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Objective. To generate isokinetic neck strength norms for schoolboy rugby forwards. Design. Two hundred and eight schoolboys (17.21 – 1.03 years, mean – standard error of the mean (SEM), chosen from a population of under-19 first and second XV rugby players, participated in this study. The subjects were assessed anthropometrically and isokinetically according to a set protocol. The isokinetic assessment of neck strength was performed with the use of a specially designed stabilising chair and halo. The subjects performed a single maximal exertion set, consisting of 3 repetitions, through each of the cervical spinal movements in the sagittal and frontal planes. The data were analysed statistically according to positional categories (front-, second-, and back-row forwards), and were used to generate Stanine tables of normative data concerning the force characteristics of the cervical spine. Results. The front-row forwards produced the largest amounts of force during the measurement of peak torque flexion (PTF = 30.00 – 1.39 Nm) and peak torque extension (PTE = 55.26 – 1.42 Nm). Conversely, the second-row forwards performed the best during the measurement of lateral flexion peak torque to the right (PTR = 53.71 – 1.51 Nm) and lateral flexion peak torque to the left (PTL = 52.92 – 1.63 Nm) in the frontal plane. The front-row forwards were the most powerful in all the neck movements measured (power generated at 0.2 seconds during flexion (PowF) = 101.54 – 6.43 W, power generated at 0.2 s during extension (PowE) = 167.31 – 8.03 W, power generated at 0.2 s during lateral flexion to the right (PowR) = 211.92 – 7.44 W, and power generated at 0.2 s during lateral flexion to the left (PowL) = 194.81 – 7.73 W). However, further analysis of the data revealed that few statistically significant differences (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) existed between the positional categories for the measured variables of peak torque, power generated at 0.2 of a second, peak torque to body mass ratio and cervical range of motion. Conclusion. It appears that the various positional categories have not undergone the expected neck strength adaptations to meet the unique requirements of each position. The generation of neck strength normative data allows for the effective and quantified comparison of neck strength variables, enabling more effective injury prevention and rehabilitation. South African Sports Medicine Vol.17(1) 2005: 19-26
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Du Toit, DE, P. Olivier, L. Grenfell, and B. Eksteen. "Isokinetic neck strength norms for schoolboy rugby forwards." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 17, no. 1 (June 24, 2005): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2005/v17i1a175.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To generate isokinetic neck strength norms for schoolboy rugby forwards. Design. Two hundred and eight schoolboys (17.21 – 1.03 years, mean – standard error of the mean (SEM), chosen from a population of under-19 first and second XV rugby players, participated in this study. The subjects were assessed anthropometrically and isokinetically according to a set protocol. The isokinetic assessment of neck strength was performed with the use of a specially designed stabilising chair and halo. The subjects performed a single maximal exertion set, consisting of 3 repetitions, through each of the cervical spinal movements in the sagittal and frontal planes. The data were analysed statistically according to positional categories (front-, second-, and back-row forwards), and were used to generate Stanine tables of normative data concerning the force characteristics of the cervical spine. Results. The front-row forwards produced the largest amounts of force during the measurement of peak torque flexion (PTF = 30.00 – 1.39 Nm) and peak torque extension (PTE = 55.26 – 1.42 Nm). Conversely, the second-row forwards performed the best during the measurement of lateral flexion peak torque to the right (PTR = 53.71 – 1.51 Nm) and lateral flexion peak torque to the left (PTL = 52.92 – 1.63 Nm) in the frontal plane. The front-row forwards were the most powerful in all the neck movements measured (power generated at 0.2 seconds during flexion (PowF) = 101.54 – 6.43 W, power generated at 0.2 s during extension (PowE) = 167.31 – 8.03 W, power generated at 0.2 s during lateral flexion to the right (PowR) = 211.92 – 7.44 W, and power generated at 0.2 s during lateral flexion to the left (PowL) = 194.81 – 7.73 W). However, further analysis of the data revealed that few statistically significant differences (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) existed between the positional categories for the measured variables of peak torque, power generated at 0.2 of a second, peak torque to body mass ratio and cervical range of motion. Conclusion. It appears that the various positional categories have not undergone the expected neck strength adaptations to meet the unique requirements of each position. The generation of neck strength normative data allows for the effective and quantified comparison of neck strength variables, enabling more effective injury prevention and rehabilitation. South African Sports Medicine Vol.17(1) 2005: 19-26
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Murnane, Owen, Heather Mabrey, Amber Pearson, Stephanie Byrd, and Faith Akin. "Normative Data and Test-Retest Reliability of the SYNAPSYS Video Head Impulse Test." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 25, no. 03 (March 2014): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.25.3.3.
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Background: The observation or measurement of eye movement can aid in the detection and localization of vestibular pathology due to the relationship between the function of the vestibular sensory receptors in the inner ear and the eye movements produced by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The majority of bedside and laboratory tests of vestibular function involve the observation or measurement of horizontal eye movements (i.e., horizontal VOR) produced by stimuli that activate the horizontal semicircular canals (SCCs) and the superior vestibular nerve. The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a new clinical test of dynamic SCC function that uses a high-speed digital video camera to record head and eye movement during and immediately after passive head rotations. The SYNAPSYS Inc. vHIT device measures the “canal deficit” (deviation in gaze) during passive head impulses in the horizontal and diagonal (vertical) planes. There is, however, a paucity of data that has been reported using this device. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain normative data and assess the test-retest reliability of the SYNAPSYS vHIT (version 2.0). Research Design: A prospective repeated measures design was utilized. Study Sample: Thirty young adults with normal hearing, normal caloric test results, and a negative history of vestibular disorder, neurological disease, open or closed head injury, or cervical spine injury participated in the study. Data Collection and Analysis: A single examiner manually rotated each participant’s head in the horizontal and diagonal planes in two directions (left and right in the horizontal plane; downward and upward in each diagonal plane) resulting in the stimulation of each of the six SCCs. Each participant returned for repeat testing to assess test-retest reliability. The effects of ear, session, and semicircular canal (horizontal, anterior, posterior) on the magnitude of canal deficit during the vHIT were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The mean canal deficit of the horizontal canals (8.3%) was significantly lower than the mean canal deficit of the anterior canals (16.5%) and the posterior canals (15.2%); there was no significant difference between the mean canal deficits of the anterior and posterior canals. The main effects of session and ear on canal deficit were not significant, and there were no significant interaction effects. There was no significant difference between the mean canal deficit for session 1 and session 2 for the horizontal, anterior, and posterior canals. The 95th percentiles for canal deficit were 19, 26, and 22% for the horizontal, anterior, and posterior SCCs, respectively. Conclusions: Testing of all six SCCs was completed in most participants in ˜10 min and was well-tolerated. The vHIT has some important advantages relative to more established laboratory tests of horizontal SCC function including the ability to assess the vertical SCCs, lower cost, shorter test time, greater portability, minimal space requirements, and increased patient comfort. Additional data, however, should be obtained from older participants with normal vestibular function and from patients with vestibular disorders. Within-subject comparisons between the results of the vHIT and the caloric and rotary chair tests will be important in determining the role of the vHIT in the vestibular test battery.
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Vanneuville, Guy, Georges Poumarat, Jean-Jacques Vacheron, and Béatrice Ferry. "Measurement of spine movement from external markers." Journal of Biomechanics 27, no. 6 (January 1994): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)91382-x.
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Singh, Yashpal, Anchal Brar, Khurshid A. Mattoo, Manas Singh, Puneet Raj Singh Khurana, and Mayank Singh. "Clinical Reliability of Different Facial Measurements in Determining Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 4, no. 3 (2014): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1110.
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ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the variations in average distances between various facial landmarks used to determine the vertical dimension of rest and occlusion among dentulous and edentulous subjects. Besides determining the reliability of these facial measurements against commonly used Chin-Nose distance, this study would also compare the difference between cephalometric landmarks (anterior nasal Spine-Menton) with the Chin-Nose distance (Niswonger's method). Materials and methods To standardize the measurement and minimize errors associated with observer and subject movement, a novel instrument was designed in the form of an apparatus and was named as subject and device stabilizing apparatus (SDSA). One hundred and twenty subjects, in the age group of 30 to 60 years, were selected and divided into two equal groups which were further subdivided into subgroups. Measurements were recorded with the help of a digital vernier that was attached to the apparatus. The various facial measure- ments studied were Pupil-Stomion, Glabella-Subnasion, Pupil-Pupil and Angle-Angle both at rest and in occlusion. These measurements were then compared with Chin-Nose and anterior nasal Spine-Menton distance. Differences between the dentulous and edentulous subjects at rest and at occlusion were noted and statistically analyzed using unpaired ‘t’ test and Karl Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Among the six measurements Chin-Nose, Glabella- Subnasion, Pupil-Stomion and anterior nasal Spine-Menton were closely associated between dentulous and edentulous subjects both at rest and at occlusion. Among all facial and cephalometric measurement the facial parameter of Pupil- Stomion illustrates the least deviation in edentulous (1.318) and dentulous (1.381) subjects at rest, whereas anterior nasal Spine-Menton displays least deviation in edentulous (2.751) and dentulous (1.224) subjects at occlusion. Conclusion The average facial measurements in dentulous subjects were more than measurements in edentulous subjects and among various facial measurements, Pupil-Stomion and anterior nasal Spine-Menton distance can be used clinically as a guide to verify vertical dimension of occlusion. How to cite this article Brar A, Mattoo KA, Singh Y, Singh M, Khurana PRS, Singh M. Clinical Reliability of Different Facial Measurements in Determining Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):68-77.
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Furness, James, Ben Schram, Alistair J. Cox, Sarah L. Anderson, and Justin Keogh. "Reliability and concurrent validity of the iPhone® Compass application to measure thoracic rotation range of motion (ROM) in healthy participants." PeerJ 6 (March 8, 2018): e4431. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4431.
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Background Several water-based sports (swimming, surfing and stand up paddle boarding) require adequate thoracic mobility (specifically rotation) in order to perform the appropriate activity requirements. The measurement of thoracic spine rotation is problematic for clinicians due to a lack of convenient and reliable measurement techniques. More recently, smartphones have been used to quantify movement in various joints in the body; however, there appears to be a paucity of research using smartphones to assess thoracic spine movement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the reliability (intra and inter rater) and validity of the iPhone® app (Compass) when assessing thoracic spine rotation ROM in healthy individuals. Methods A total of thirty participants were recruited for this study. Thoracic spine rotation ROM was measured using both the current clinical gold standard, a universal goniometer (UG) and the Smart Phone Compass app. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was determined with a Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Validation of the Compass app in comparison to the UG was measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and levels of agreement were identified with Bland–Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement. Results Both the UG and Compass app measurements both had excellent reproducibility for intra-rater (ICC 0.94–0.98) and inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.72–0.89). However, the Compass app measurements had higher intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.96 − 0.98; 95% CI [0.93–0.99]; vs. ICC = 0.94 − 0.98; 95% CI [0.88–0.99]) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87 − 0.89; 95% CI [0.74–0.95] vs. ICC = 0.72 − 0.82; 95% CI [0.21–0.94]). A strong and significant correlation was found between the UG and the Compass app, demonstrating good concurrent validity (r = 0.835, p < 0.001). Levels of agreement between the two devices were 24.8° (LoA –9.5°, +15.3°). The UG was found to consistently measure higher values than the compass app (mean difference 2.8°, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study reveals that the iPhone® app (Compass) is a reliable tool for measuring thoracic spine rotation which produces greater reproducibility of measurements both within and between raters than a UG. As a significant positive correlation exists between the Compass app and UG, this supports the use of either device in clinical practice as a reliable and valid tool to measure thoracic rotation. Considering the levels of agreement are clinically unacceptable, the devices should not be used interchangeably for initial and follow up measurements.
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Vaisy, Morad, Leonardo Gizzi, Frank Petzke, Tobias Consmüller, Michael Pfingsten, and Deborah Falla. "Measurement of Lumbar Spine Functional Movement in Low Back Pain." Clinical Journal of Pain 31, no. 10 (October 2015): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000190.
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Lehrman, Jennifer N., Celene B. Mulholland, Bernardo de Andrada Pereira, Anna G. U. Sawa, Brian P. Kelly, and Luis M. Tumialán. "Dimensional Characterization of the Human Lumbar Interlaminar Space as a Guide for Safe Application of Minimally Invasive Dilators." Operative Neurosurgery 21, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): E89—E94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opab011.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The risk of interlaminar passage of a dilator into the lumbar spinal canal in minimally invasive approaches is currently unknown. Among anthropometric data reported in the medical literature, there is no cadaveric report of the interlaminar dimensions of the lumbar spine. OBJECTIVE To report the lumbar interlaminar dimensions in neutral, flexion, and extension postures. METHODS A total of 8 spines were sectioned into lumbar segments. Digitized coordinate data defining the locations and movements of chosen anatomic points on the laminar edges at a given spinal level were used to measure changes in the opening dimensions during static neutral posture and flexion-extension movements. Interlaminar dimensions were averaged and categorized for each vertebral level and spinal posture. RESULTS The mean interlaminar distance increased from neutral posture to flexion across all vertebral levels. The mean interlaminar distances in the neutral posture ranged from 12.21 mm (L5-S1) to 14.88 mm (L1-L2). In flexion, the range was from 17.15 mm (L5-S1) to 18.50 mm (L4-L5). These measurements are greater than the first several diameters of dilators in all minimally invasive dilator sets. CONCLUSION The precise measurements of the lumbar interlaminar space are valuable to minimally invasive spine surgeons for the dilatation phase of the operation. The risk of interlaminar passage of a minimally invasive dilator is greatest in flexion with dilators that have a diameter of 16 mm or less. There is considerably less risk of interlaminar passage in patients positioned on an extended Jackson table.
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Kruszewski, Marek, Artur Kruszewski, Rafał Tabęcki, Bartłomiej Mierzejewski, and Łukasz Pągowski. "Range of Motion in Selected Joints in Relation to Sports Performance and Technique Effectiveness in Weightlifting." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2022-0002.
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Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to verify or falsify the role of flexibility as the ability that distinguishes weightlifting champions from their rivals in lower sports classes. The aim of the study was also to assess the relationship between the results in snatch and clean and jerk, technique effectiveness, mobility in the shoulder joint, dorsal extension of the foot and forward bending of the spine. Material and methods. The study included 24 men training weightlifting – members of the Polish national team (n = 10) and members of one of Warsaw sports clubs (n = 14). Measurements were performed of active ranges of movement of the shoulder, flexion and extension in the shoulder joint, forward bending of the spine and dorsal extension of the foot in the ankle joint. The technique efficiency coefficients were calculated and the sports results were converted into Sincair points. Results. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were noted in dorsiflexion of the foot in the ankle joint and forward bending of the spine in the tested groups. National team members were characterised by higher mobility than sports club members. There were no significant differences in flexion and extension movements at the shoulder joint between the groups. Conclusions . Significant correlations were found between the range of forward bending of the spine (p ≤ 0.001) and the range of dorsiflexion movements of the right (p ≤ 0.001) and left (p ≤ 0.01) foot, and sports performance in the snatch and clean and jerk, as well as in technique effectiveness. Achieving high sports performance in weightlifting may be limited by a low joint range of motion.
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Fercho, Justyna, Michał Krakowiak, Rami Yuser, Tomasz Szmuda, Piotr Zieliński, Dariusz Szarek, Samuel D. Pettersson, and Grzegorz Miękisiak. "Evaluation of Movement Restriction of Spinal Orthoses Using Inertial Measurement Units." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 16515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416515.
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Despite the frequent use of orthopedic braces or spine stabilizers in diseases such as kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis, as well as in the case of injuries and rehabilitation after surgeries, there is no clear evidence of their proper stabilization of the spine while carrying out daily activities. This study sought to assess the spine’s mobility while wearing three different orthopedic braces while performing basic tasks. Ten healthy subjects were enrolled. Three Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) were attached superficially along the spine at approximate levels: cervical (C7), between thoracic (T8) and lumbar (L3), and sacrum. The angle between sensors was monitored to provide data on the sagittal profile. In addition, the displacement of the spine’s longitudinal axis was measured (rotation). There are three types of orthopedic braces: the semi-rigid Hohmann corset, the Jewett brace, and the Thoracolumbar Fixed Spinal Orthosis (TLSO). Four tasks were monitored: standing, sitting, walking, and picking up an item from the floor with one hand. All braces provided a similar level of stability in both the sagittal plane and rotational axis while lifting an object. On the other hand, while walking and sitting, the TLSO was the only orthosis providing a statistically significant rigidity in the sagittal plane. When performing a more voluntary task, the measured rigidity of softer braces was significantly increased when compared with more involuntary tasks. A certain degree of motion restriction with spinal orthoses may come from the feedback pressure, which stimulates paraspinal muscles to contract and thus increases the overall rigidity of the trunk.
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Knysh, Oleh, Ivan Rehei, Nazar Kandiak, and Serhij Ternytskyi. "Experimental Evaluation of the Tractive Effort of the Chain Conveyor During Book Block Spine Processing by Cylindrical Milling Cutter at Perfect Binding." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2019-0014.
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Abstract The article reports on a device for book block spines processing that was designed and assembled on a perfect binding machine Trendbinder. The article shows workability of designed device. The authors have developed a methodology for the experimental study of the tractive effort of chain conveyors by technological load, the wireless module for data measurement and software for its processing. Extensive coverage is given to experimental research of the tractive effort of chain conveyors during book block spine processing depending on book block velocity, type of paper from which they are made and setting angle of cylindrical milling cutter relatively to direction of book blocks movement. The authors have examined the change in the tractive effort. The article experimentally confirms that sluggishness of chain drive causes vibration of the tractive effort. This effect can be observed during free-running movement of chain with carriers of perfect binding machine as well as during technological load influence. The article describes that between research parameters the setting angle of cylindrical milling cutter has the main impact relatively on the direction of book blocks movement.
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Guzik-Kopyto, Agata, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec, Mikołaj Krysiak, Katarzyna Jochymczyk-Woźniak, Jacek Jurkojć, Piotr Wodarski, Marek Gzik, and Robert Michnik. "Selection of Kinematic and Temporal Input Parameters to Define a Novel Upper Body Index Indicator for the Evaluation of Upper Limb Pathology." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 11634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211634.
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Purpose: This work aimed to develop a novel indicator of upper limb manipulative movements. A principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to kinematic measurements of movements of the upper limbs performed during an everyday activity. Methods: Kinematics of the upper limb while drinking from a mug were investigated using the commercially available Xsens MVN BIOMECH inertial sensor-based motion capture system. The study group consisted of 20 male patients who had previously suffered an ischaemic stroke, whilst the reference group consisted of 16 males with no disorders of their motor organs. Based on kinematic data obtained, a set of 30 temporal and kinematic parameters were defined. From this, 16 parameters were selected for the determination of a novel indicator, the Upper Body Index (UBI), which served the purpose of assessing manipulative movements of upper limbs. Selection of the 16 parameters considered the percentage distribution of the parameters beyond the standard, the differences in mean values between the reference group and the study group, and parameter variability. Results: Analysis of kinematics allowed for the identification and selection of the parameters used in the development of the new index. This included 2 temporal parameters and 14 kinematic parameters, with the minimum and maximum angles of the upper limb joints, motion ranges in the joints, and parameters connected with movement of the spine recorded. These parameters were used to assess motion in the shoulder and elbow joints, in all possible planes, as well as spine movement. The values of the UBI indicator were as follows: in the case of the reference group: 13.67 ± 2.40 for the dominant limb, 13.71 ± 3.36 for the non-dominant limb; in the case of the stroke patient group: 130.86 ± 75.07 for the dominant limb, 155.58 ± 170.76 for the non-dominant limb. Conclusions: The developed UBI made it possible to discover deviations from the standard performance of upper limb movements. Therefore, the index may be applicable to the analysis of any sequence of movements carried out by the upper limb.
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Basarsky, T. A., and A. S. French. "Intracellular measurements from a rapidly adapting sensory neuron." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.1.49.
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1. The femoral tactile spine of the cockroach contains a single sensory neuron with its cell body in the lumen of the spine. Step movements of the spine produce rapidly adapting bursts of action potentials that decay to 0 in 1 s. Previous work has shown that a large part of this adaptation occurs during action potential encoding. 2. Intracellular recordings from the tactile spine neuron were obtained by lowering a microelectrode through the spine lumen and penetrating the cell body. Injection of Lucifer yellow followed by fluorescence microscopy confirmed the morphology of the soma, with a diameter of 30 microns, and showed an axon of 9 microns leaving the spine and proceeding proximally along the femur. 3. Membrane-potential records were digitized and examined at high resolution during bursts of action potentials produced by depolarizing current pulses. No significant changes in action potential shape were detected during adaptation. However, the rate of depolarization between action potentials slowed dramatically during the burst. This slowing could be reduced and the burst substantially prolonged by chloramine-T (CT), an agent that reduces sodium channel inactivation in several preparations. 4. A 100 Hz sinusoidal current was superimposed on depolarizing current pulses to test for changes in membrane conductance during a burst of action potentials. No such changes were detected, indicating that rapid adaptation is not due to changes in membrane permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PALMER, DAVID W., VICTOR M. HAUGHTON, CANH M. NGUYEN, and SHARON R. PALMER. "Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Movement in the Spine An Experimental Technique." Investigative Radiology 24, no. 1 (January 1989): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198901000-00013.
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Wendt, Michał, and Małgorzata Waszak. "Evaluation of the Combination of Muscle Energy Technique and Trigger Point Therapy in Asymptomatic Individuals with a Latent Trigger Point." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 14, 2020): 8430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228430.
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(1) Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the combination therapy of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Trigger Point Therapy (TPT) on the angular values of the range of movements of the cervical spine and on the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the trapezius muscle in asymptomatic individuals. METHODS: The study involved 60 right-handed, asymptomatic students with a latent trigger point in the upper trapezius muscle. All qualified volunteers practiced amateur symmetrical sports. The study used a tensometric electrogoniometer (cervical spine movement values) and an algometer (pressure pain threshold (PPT) of upper trapezius). Randomly (sampling frame), volunteers were assigned to three different research groups (MET + TPT, MET and TPT). All participants received only one therapeutic intervention. Measurements were taken in three time-intervals (pre, post and follow-up the next day after therapy). (2) Results: One-time combined therapy (MET + TPT) significantly increases the range of motion occurring in all planes of the cervical spine. One-time treatments of single MET and single TPT therapy selectively affect the mobility of the cervical spine. The value of the PPT significantly increased immediately after all therapies, but only on the right trapezius muscle, while on the left side only after the therapy combining MET with TPT. (3) Conclusion: The MET + TPT method proved to be the most effective, as it caused changes in all examined goniometric and subjective parameters.
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Ebrahim, Ismail, Nicole Vietor, John Schacht, Thanh Hoang, and Mohamed Shakir. "PSAT182 Dilemmas in the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis in a patient with Alkaptonuria: Successful Treatment with Teriparatide." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A202—A203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.416.
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Abstract Introduction Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in patients with alkaptonuria can be challenging. Coexisting arthritis involving the lumbar spine (LS) and hips can falsely elevate bone density making DXA interpretation difficult. We report a patient with alkaptonuria who was successfully treated with teriparatide in addition to bisphosphonate therapy. Case History A 69-year-old female presented for evaluation of osteoporosis. She was diagnosed with alkaptonuria at age 29 when she reported bilateral conjunctival hyperpigmentation. She was also diagnosed with arthritis requiring left knee joint replacement at the age of 57 years. Subsequently, she underwent left hip, right knee, right hip, and left shoulder joint replacement surgeries. She also sustained fragility fractures in the foot and a 2-inches height loss. Physical examination: normal vital signs. Examination of eyes and ears: bluish black discoloration of the conjunctiva and ear lobes. Heart examination showed normal S1, split S2, and IV/VI systolic murmur over the right parasternal border; the rest of the physical examination revealed limited joint movements of thoracic and lumbar spines, wrists, ankles, knees and hip joints. Laboratory: serum PTH 33 pg./mL, 25-OH vitamins 28 ng/mL, 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D 43 pg/mL, osteocalcin 11.6 mg/mL (ref 9.4-47.4), collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide 318 pg/mL (ref 104-1008), tyrosine 79.1 umol/L (ref 31.1-118.1), 24 hours urine homogentisic acid 4.2 gms (ref 20-30 mg). Genetic testing: compound heterozygous mutation for the HGD C. 496T2T>C and HGD C.1102A < G (p.mev368Va) variants, consistent with a diagnosis of alkaptonuria. DXA scan done at the age of 56 years showed osteoporosis (T score -2.7 femoral neck, 1.8 total hip, 2.5 LS). Patient was started on alendronate 70mg PO weekly for 5 years in addition to nitisinone. While on alendronate, she sustained fragility fractures of the right radius and left ankle. After 5 years of alendronate, the patient was transitioned to teriparatide 20-mcg subcutaneously (SC) daily for 2 years followed by annual intravenous zoledronic acid. For the subsequent 7 years, the patient led a healthy, active life with no fractures. Follow-up DXA showed improvement to the osteopenic range at the radius site as degenerative arthritis made interpretation of other sites impossible.This case illustrates the challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with alkaptonuria. DXA can be ineffective in this condition due to the hip and LS arthritis. Measurement of trabecular bone scoreS and CT of the LS may be better alternate choices. Bisphosphonates alone are typically not effective in preventing fragility fractures in this population but use of teriparatide may be an effective treatment. Further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of teriparatide in this population but our case shows promise that this treatment result in BMD improvement and fracture prevention. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.
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Godlove, David C., Anna K. Garr, Geoffrey F. Woodman, and Jeffrey D. Schall. "Measurement of the extraocular spike potential during saccade countermanding." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 1 (July 2011): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00896.2010.
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The stop signal task is used to investigate motor inhibition. Several groups have reported partial electromyogram (EMG) activation when subjects successfully withhold manual responses and have used this finding to define the nature of response inhibition properties in the spinal motor system. It is unknown whether subthreshold EMG activation from extraocular muscles can be detected in the saccadic response version of the stop signal task. The saccadic spike potential provides a way to examine extraocular EMG activation associated with eye movements in electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. We used several techniques to isolate extraocular EMG activation from anterior electrode locations of EEG recorded from macaque monkeys. Robust EMG activation was present when eye movements were made, but no activation was detected when saccades were deemed canceled. This work highlights a key difference between the spinal motor system and the saccade system.