Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spindle'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Spindle.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Satyarebala, Chilaka. "Role of CENP-A NAC/CAD network in spindle assembly and spindle checkpoint /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18103.
Full textRout, Michael Paul. "The identification and characterization of components of the yeast spindle pole body and spindle." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334226.
Full textMüller-Reichert, Thomas. "Spindle organization in three dimensions." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1166107130476-22269.
Full textDie Segregation der Chromosomen während der Zellteilung wird duch bipolare, von Microtubuli-aufgebauten Spindlen gewährleistet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird C. elegans zur Analyse der Spindelorganisation unter mitotischen und meiotischen Bedingungen herangezogen. Erstens wird die Rolle von SAS-4 in der Organisation von Zentrosomen untersucht. Die partielle Depletierung von SAS-4 in frühen Embryonen führt zu strukturell defekten Zentriolen und wirft somit Licht auf die wenig verstandene Rolle der Zentriolen in der Bestimmung der Zentrosomengröße. Zweitens wird die Ultrastruktur der mitotischen Spindelkomponenten im Wildtyp durch Elektronentomographie untersucht. Diese 3-D-Analyse zeigt, dass im mitotischen Spindlepol unterschiedliche Morphologien der Mikrotubulienden zu finden sind. Diese Ergebnisse haben strukturelle Implikationen für Modelle der Mikrotubuli-Zentrosomen-Interaktionen. Drittens wird der Aufbau der Spindel in der weiblichen Meiose, speziell die Rolle des Mikrotubuli-schneidenden Kataninkomplexes in der Spindelorganisation, untersucht. Die Elektronentomographie zeigt hier eine Fragmentierung der Spindelmikrotubuli. Basierend auf diesem Ergebnis wird ein neues Katanin-abhängiges Modell der Formierung der Meiosespindel entwickelt, in dem relativ lange Microtubuli in Nähe des meiotischen Chromatins in zahlreiche kurze Mikrotubuli “zerschnitten” werden. Dies erhöht die Anzahl der verfügbaren Polymere in dieser azentrosomalen Situation. Zusammenfassend bringen diese Ergebnisse neue Einsichten in die räumliche Organisation der Mikrotubuli während des Spindelaufbaus
Wigge, Philip Anthony. "An analysis of the spindle and spindle pole body in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621860.
Full textCavazza, Tommaso 1985. "Unravelling integrated kinetics during spindle assembly." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325428.
Full textDurant la mitosi, per assegurar que el material genètic es segrega correctament, la cèl•lula construeix el fus mitòtic, una maquinària macromolecular formada de microtúbuls dinàmics i proteïnes associades. Els microtúbuls del fus són formats de novo pels centrosomes o a través de la “RanGTP pathway”, la qual és autosuficient per promoure l'autoorganització del fus mitòtic. En aquesta tesi he utilitzat tècniques de proteòmica per estudiar com la “RanGTP pathway” indueix l'autoorganització dels microtúbuls i del fus mitòtic a través d’un procés amb múltiples passos (tal i com indiquen els resultats obtinguts). Paral•lelament he estudiat com els microtúbuls formats per ambdues vies (centrosomes i “RanGTP pathway”) es coordinen per la construcció del fus bipolar. Els meus resultats suggereixen que, en cèl•lules petites, la maduració dels centrosomes defineix un equilibri òptim i essencial entre els dos sistemes, com a conseqüència de la disponibilitat limitada de tubulina. Per altra banda, en cèl•lules grans la maduració dels centrosomes condiciona la correcta localització d’aquests als pols del fus mitòtic, assegurant-ne la segregació a les dues cèl•lules filles. Finalment, exposo els detalls moleculars de la interacció entre la polimerasa de microtúbuls XMAP215 i el seu interactor mitòtic TACC3.
Overington, Y. H. "Aspects of hollow spindle fancy yarn." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556105.
Full textDonaldson, Anne Dunlop. "The yeast spindle pole component spc42." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319938.
Full textBanks, Robert William. "Studies on the mammalian muscle spindle." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9594/.
Full textYuan, Ivan. "Generation of synthetic spindle checkpoint signals." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22030.
Full textHolinger, Eric P. "The spindle pole body phosphoproteome and the importance of phosphorylation on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303825.
Full textWang, Bin. "Phosphoproteome studies of human mitotic spindle proteins." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-123191.
Full textSen, Onur. "Phospho-regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15873.
Full textKnezevich, Stevan Robert. "Molecular characterization of pediatric spindle cell tumors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/NQ48668.pdf.
Full textPlumb, Kemp. "Measuring mitotic spindle dynamics in budding yeast." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86726.
Full textIn this thesis, I describe fluorescence confocal microscopy and automated image analysis algorithms, which I have used to observe and analyze the real space dynamics of the mitotic spindle in budding yeast. The software can locate structures in three spatial dimensions and track their movement in time. By selecting fluorescent proteins which specifically label the spindle poles and cell periphery, mitotic spindle dynamics have been measured in a coordinate system relevant to the cell division. I describe how I have characterised the accuracy and precision of the algorithms by simulating fluorescence data for both spindle poles and the budding yeast cell surface.
In this thesis I also describe the construction of a microfluidic apparatus that allows for the measurement of long time-scale dynamics of individual cells and the development of a cell population. The tools developed in this thesis work will facilitate in-depth quantitative analysis of the non-equilibrium processes in living cells.
La régulation du cycle cellulaire et la prolifération de générations viables requièrent à la fois la reproductibilité et la coordination des différents processus complexes en jeu dans un environnement toutefois dominé par l'agitation thermique. Un exemple essentiel est l'assemblage et la migration du fuseau mitotique qui doivent avoir lieu correctement avant même la ségrégation des chromosomes. Le fuseau mitotique est une structure transitoire composée de deux pôles séparés par des filaments de protéines appelés les microtubules, auxquelles est rattaché le matériel génétique de la cellule. Le fuseau mitotique est notamment impliqué dans l'alignement des chromosomes, puis leur ségrégation vers des pôles opposés de la cellule ; d'où la nécessité d'un positionnement spatial précis et temporellement coordonné du fuseau mitotique pour assurer la division correcte du matériel génétique entre les cellules mère et fille.
Dans ce mémoire, je décrirai les techniques de microscopie confocale par fluorescence ainsi que les algorithmes automatisés d'analyse d'image, que j'ai mis en oeuvre pour observer et analyser la dynamique spatiale en temps réel du fuseau mitotique chez la levure bourgeonnante. Les programmes développés permettent de localiser dans l'espace tridimensionnel des structures subcellulaires et de détecter leurs déplacements au cours du temps. Le marquage par protéines fluorescentes des pôles du fuseau mitotique et de la membrane cellulaire a permis de quantifier la dynamique du fuseau mitotique dans un système de coordonnées pertinent pour la division cellulaire. Je décrirai des simulations numériques de signaux fluorescents de ces structures subcellulaires qui m'ont permis de caractériser la fiabilité et de quantifier la précision des programmes d'analyse.
Je terminerai ce mémoire par la description d'un dispositif microfluidique permettant à la fois la culture de cellules et la caractérisation de leur dynamique à l'échelle individuelle, et ce sur de longues échelles de temps. Les outils développés au cours de cette thèse et présentés dans ce mémoire offrent la possibilité d'analyses quantitatives nouvelles des processus hors équilibre en jeu chez les cellules vivantes en général.
Kutlu, Asim. "Design and development of a lathe spindle." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187477.
Full textMachine tools enable the industry to shape almost any material by a variety of methods. Lathes are one of the most common machines to cut circular parts with precision and accuracy. And the spindle of a lathe can be entitled as the most critical mechanical component which makes the cutting process possible. A lathe spindle rotates the workpiece to be cut against a stationary rigid cutting tool, therefore removing material through the contact edge. In this thesis, a spindle is aimed to be designed which complies with a set of specifications defined. These specifications consists of performance requirements such as speed and power, dimensional constraints for space and bore diameter, and component types which must be used, such as for the motor.Based on the performance requirements, a maximum loading case with cutting parameters is defined. With these cutting parameters, cutting forces acting to the material from at the contact point with the cutting tool are calculated. A built-in motor with sufficient power and speed specifications is selected based on the maximum cutting forces and speed requirements. A preliminary design is made up by selecting bearings, bearing arrangements and shaft material.With static and dynamic analysis conducted on the preliminary design through analytical models and FEM, the behavior of the spindle is investigated separately under the cutting forces and during the rotation. Within an allowable range, optimization is made on the bearing span distances which are the support locations for the spindle.Following the verification and optimization of the preliminary design, the final detail design of the spindle is made. The final design includes the design of all the necessary parts, by taking the manufacturability, assemblability, sealing design, a system for speed and position measurements, cable paths and more necessary points into account. Ultimately, a spindle which meets the requirements and specifications successfully is designed as the expected outcome of this thesis.
Winters, Lora. "Mechanism of spindle assembly in Schizosaccharomyces pombe-." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-225764.
Full textWells, Allan R. "Spectral analysis of multi-spindle machining heads /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12019.
Full textSundberg, Holly. "Analysis of the spindle pole component Spc110p /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9225.
Full textConnolly, Amy. "Oocyte Meiotic Spindle Assembly in Caenorhabditis Elegans." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18492.
Full textDunsch, Anja Katrin. "Control of the mitotic spindle by dynein light chain 1 complexes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b2fd5670-a035-42ca-aaef-78a30aeaa084.
Full textHuňka, Radek. "Výměna nástrojů u svislého soustruhu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230356.
Full textCosta, Mariana Fernandes Alves. "Molecular remodelling of the spindle architecture during metaphase arrest in oocytes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31255.
Full textRahman, Aminur Khosru. "Mathematical modelling of vibrations in spindle bearing assemblies." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264691.
Full textKarthikeyan, Bindu Kumar. "Tribo-dynamics of high speed precision spindle bearings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547399.
Full textTurner, Craig Robert. "Transduction and adaptation in the frog muscle spindle." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627207.
Full textRodgers, Justin Fraser. "Classification and projection strength of muscle spindle afferents." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309421.
Full textPan, Qinwei. "Dynamic control of spindle motors for milling applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16333/.
Full textBrown, Austin (Austin R. ). "Axially force limited grinding spindle for robotic grinding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119966.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 35).
Grinding and Polishing of small parts is often easily performed by human hands, yet is challenging to automate. The grinding and polishing process is best done using a force-control scheme, which human hands perform naturally. Heavy robotic arms, which favor a position-control scheme, are difficult to control precisely, and trajectory errors can cause excessive grinding force which leads to burning of the part or destruction of the grinding wheel. Prior art of direct force control on a large robot arm requires the end-effector to have a 6-axis dynamometer, which is unwieldy, costly, and greatly limits the speed/precision of the process. We will discuss a new type of grinding spindle which is axially compliant, allowing the position-control robot arm to be used in a force-control nature. The spindle has a disjoint force-displacement curve, effectively operating in two modes: position-control mode at first, until a critical force is exceeded, when the spindle transitions into force-mode, keeping constant grinding force on the part though a certain range of travel. This limits the amount of force which can be imparted during grinding to a safe amount. The spindle is very simple and mechanically robust. We have built this hybrid position-force control spindle and tested it. The spindle was shown to perform correctly and successfully completed the test grind.
by Austin Brown.
S.B.
Dodson, Helen. "Analysis of the spindle assembly checkpoint in vertebrates." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13671.
Full textNixon, Faye Margaret. "A three-dimensional study of mitotic spindle ultrastructure." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3001861/.
Full textBreuer, Manuel. "The role of HURP in acentriolar spindle assembly." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066013.
Full textLizarraga, Sofia B. "Regulation of spindle assembly by the Ran pathway." Available to US Hopkins community, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3080716.
Full textParthasarathy, Anand Kumar. "Feasibility analysis of FPGA based spindle motor controller." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
Find full textIncludes bibliographical references.
Sarhan, Ahmed Aly Diaa Mohammed. "Monitoring of cutting forces by the intelligent spindle." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136224.
Full textHannabuss, J. C. "In vitro reconstitution of the anaphase central spindle." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044566/.
Full textRoca, Marianne. "The spindle assembly checkpoint in Phallusia mammillata embryos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS500.
Full textDuring mitosis, progression through anaphase must take place only when all chromosomes are correctly attached to spindle microtubules to avoid chromosome mis-segregation and the generation of aneuploid cells (i.e. with an abnormal chromosome number). Embryos containing aneuploid cells can exhibit developmental defects and lethality. Furthermore, cancer cells are often aneuploid. To prevent such deleterious aneuploidy, a control mechanism, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), delays metaphase-anaphase transition until all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle microtubules. However, the SAC is not efficient during early development in some species. During my thesis, I analyzed the activity of the SAC during the development of the marine chordate P. mammillata. I showed that in P. mammillata embryos, the SAC becomes efficient at the 8th cell cycle and its efficiency increases progressively in the following cell cycles. Although, I demonstrated that patterning of the embryo along the anteroposterior axis influences SAC efficiency, my experiments suggest that additional parameters modulate SAC efficiency. I searched the molecular mechanisms, which control SAC efficiency during development. I collected evidence showing that SAC components are present in oocytes and all post-fertilization stages. I found that SAC proteins localize at kinetochores during meiosis and at later stages when there is an efficient SAC while they do not accumulate on unattached kinetochores in early SAC deficient embryos. My thesis work establishes P. mammillata as a valuable experimental organism to study SAC regulation during embryogenesis
Zapletal, Jan. "Návrh vřetene obráběcího stroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241859.
Full textŽádník, Lubomír. "Návrh vřeteníku soustružnického centra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417727.
Full textBurian, Viktor. "Návrh vřeteníku frézovacího centra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382051.
Full textFlorian, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Bipolar spindle formation beyond Eg5: A study on antagonists and synergists of the molecular motor Eg5 during mitotic spindle formation / Stefan Florian." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1038383951/34.
Full textStevenson, Deja Lee. "Whole-Body Vibration and Its Effects on Electromechanical Delay and Vertical Jump Performance." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd867.pdf.
Full textEliscovich, Carolina. "Spindle-Localized CPE-Mediated Translation Controls Mediotic Chromosome Segregation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7123.
Full textEn este trabajo que derivó en mi tesis doctoral, hemos demostrado que la activación traduccional localizada en el huso mitótico de mRNAs regulados por CPEB que codifican para proteinas con una conocida función en aspectos estructurales del ciclo celular como la formación del huso mitótico y la segregación cromosómica, es esencial para completar la primera división meiótica y para la correcta segregación cromosómica en oocitos de Xenopus.
Vanneste, David. "The role of molecular motor HKLP2 in spindle assembly." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31822.
Full textDurante la división celular, tiene lugar el ensamblaje de la maquinaria macromolecular encargada de segregar los dos conjuntos de cromosomas en las dos células hijas. Esta maquinaria, el huso mitótico, es una matriz bipolar compuesta de microtúbulos y de proteínas que controlan la dinámica y la organización. Las quinesinas son motores moleculares que pueden ejercer fuerzas sobre los microtúbulos y organizarlos en el espacio para dar lugar al huso bipolar. Este estudio aporta evidencias del papel importante de la quinesina humana Hklp2 en el ensamblaje y en la estabilidad del huso mitótico. Hklp2 es una quinesina que se localiza en los microtúbulos del huso y en los cromosomas durante la mitosis. Su localización en los microtúbulos depende de TPX2, un factor importante en la nucleación de microtúbulos. Para que Hklp2 se localice en los cromosomas, este necesita la presencia del marcador de proliferación Ki67, la función del cual se desconoce actualmente. Hklp2 participa en la separación de los centrosomas durante el establecimiento de la bipolaridad del huso mitótico y posteriormente juega un papel importante en el mantenimiento de esta bipolaridad durante la metafase. Esta función probablemente se consiga haciendo lazos entre los microtúbulos. Las poblaciones de la quinesina presente en los microtúbulos y en los cromosomas tienen funciones diferentes.
Schlaitz, Anne-Lore. "Regulation of Mitotic Spindle Assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryos." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1181247079528-57268.
Full textErturk, Alper. "Dynamic Modeling Of Spindle-tool Assemblies In Machining Centers." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607236/index.pdf.
Full text#8211
spindle speed combinations and they can be used to avoid chatter. The main requirement for generating the stability lobe diagrams is the system dynamics information at the tool tip in the form of point frequency response function (FRF). In this work, an analytical model that uses structural coupling and modification methods for modeling the dynamics of spindle-holder-tool assemblies in order to obtain the tool point FRF is presented. The resulting FRF obtained by the model can be used in the existing analytical and numerical models for constructing the stability lobe diagrams. Timoshenko beam theory is used in the model for improved accuracy and the results are compared with those of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The importance of using Timoshenko beam theory in the model is pointed out, and the circumstances, under which the theory being used in the model becomes more important, are explained. The model is verified by comparing the results obtained by the model with those of a reliable finite element software for a case study. The computational superiority in using the model developed against the finite element software is also demonstrated. Then, the model is used for studying the effects of bearing and contact dynamics at the spindle-holder and holder-tool interfaces on the tool point FRF. Based on the results of the effect analysis, a new approach is suggested for the identification of bearing and interface parameters from experimental measurements, which is demonstrated on a spindle-holder-tool assembly. The model is also employed for studying the effects of design and operational parameters on the tool point FRF, from the results of which, suggestions are made regarding the design of spindles and selection of operational parameters. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that the stability lobe diagram of an assembly can be predicted pretty accurately by using the model proposed, and furthermore the stability lobe diagram can be modified in a predictable manner for improving chatter stability.
Smith, Christopher. "Kinetochore dynamics and their attachment to the mitotic spindle." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/83227/.
Full textTarailo, Maja. "Spindle assembly checkpoint and chromosome stability in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5587.
Full textDecker, Franziska. "Mechanisms of microtubule nucleation in metaphase spindles and how they set spindle size." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31788.
Full textMaeda, Osamu. "Expert spindle design system." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14534.
Full textLai, Yu-An, and 賴昱安. "Automatic Identification of Sleep Spindle." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22125809941288803350.
Full text淡江大學
電機工程學系碩士班
95
Sleep disorders has an important part in area of the psychiatric diseases. Usually, it''s also the complication of other diseases. Sleep apnea syndrome and sleep dyssomnia are common sleep diseases, which sometimes will even cause the death. Sleep spindles are transient sleep EEG waveforms. Along with K-complexes, they are the hallmarks of Stage 2 sleep. Furthermore, sleep spindles can be used to analyse sleep microstructure. The interest in sleep spindles lies not only in its representation to the onset of QS-2, but also in other interesting findings, such as those relating SS, normal aging, infant pathologies and sleeping positions. The visual pattern detection of all-night EEG recordings which have typically 1000 spindles is time consuming and tedious. Therefore, developing a fast and accurate automatic identification system of sleep spindle can reduce doctor’s labor and realize quantitative diagnosis of sleep spindle.