Academic literature on the topic 'Spindle and C-axis drives'
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Journal articles on the topic "Spindle and C-axis drives"
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Chen, Shao Hsien, Chin Mou Hsu, Kuo Lin Chiu, and Chu Peng Chan. "Research on High Performance Direct-Driving Motor Applied to Swivel Spindle Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.874.
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Swivel spindle head is a key component used in five-axis machine tool of high performance and is of great importance in application and design. Nowadays, more and more components are manufactured by high performance multi-axis CNC machine tools, such as components of spaceflight, renewable energy and automobile, etc. Therefore, high performance machine tools of multiple axes are more and more urgently demanded, while Swivel spindle head is one of the most important components for a multi-axis machine tool. Hence, Swivel spindle head is one of the key to developers multi-axis machine tool . The study explores the highly responsive direct-driving motor able to drive the spindle head to rotate with multi-driving rotary technology. The dual-driving motor rotates via multi-driving units, generates torsion that magnifies and eliminates its clearance, and then drives the spindle head to rotate. Results of the test show that the completed machine tool can meet the standards of dual axis rotary head with high preformation in, no matter, speed, distance, positional accuracy, repeated accuracy or maximum torque, etc.
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Chen, Shao Hsien, Chin Mou Hsu, Kuo Lin Chiu, and Chu Peng Chan. "The Impact of Different Direct-Driving Motor Design on Swivel Spindle Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.791.
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Swivel spindle head is a key component used in gantry type five-axis machine tool of high performance and is of great importance in its application and design. Nowadays, more and more components are manufactured by high precision CNC machine tools, such as components of spaceflight, renewable energy and automobile, etc. Therefore, high precision machine tools of multiple axes are more and more urgently demanded, while dual axis rotary head is one of the most important components for a multi-axis machine tool. Hence, it will be a key to develop dual axis spindle head that meets high precision needs. The study explores the highly responsive direct-driving motor able to drive the spindle head to rotate with multi-driving rotary technology. The dual-driving motor rotates via multi-driving units, generates torsion that magnifies and eliminates its clearance, and then drives the spindle head to rotate. Results of the test show that the completed machine tool can meet the standards of dual axis rotary head with high precision in, no matter, speed, distance, positional accuracy, repeated accuracy or maximum torque, etc.
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Mikhov, Mikho, and Marin Zhilevski. "Study and Performance Improvement of the Drive Systems for a Class of Machine Tools." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929905003.
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This paper deals with some problems in the modernization of a type of machine tools with multi–coordinate drive systems. The basic requirements to the drives of each coordinate axis and the spindle are presented. Using the analysis carried out, a practical approach to appropriate selection of the respective drives is applied. The methodology offered is illustrated with some examples for choice of drives with direct current and alternating current motors. Some experimental research of cases with different feed and spindle drives are described and discussed. Better capabilities of the modernized machines for processing more complex workpieces are achieved, at a relatively low price. This research and the obtained results can be used in the design and tuning of electric drives for the considered type of machines with numerical program control.
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Ishizaki, Kosuke, Burak Sencer, and Eiji Shamoto. "Cross Coupling Controller for Accurate Motion Synchronization of Dual Servo Systems." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 5 (September 5, 2013): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0514.
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In order to attain higher manufacturing efficiency, “dual” (two) servo systems are widely used in advanced Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machine tools. A well-known example is the linear motor driven gantry type of micro machine tools where dual servos are employed to drive the heavier gantry axis. Recently, dual servos are also used in spindle systems. “Double sided milling” is an example where two spindles are required to cooperatively remove material on both sides of a workpiece. Synchronization of dual servo systems is crucial for achieving the desired manufacturing accuracy. This paper presents a crosscoupling controller to accurately synchronize dualmotor driven servo systems. Proposed cross coupling controller penalizes differential positioning error between dual servo drives by modifying the reference position and velocity commands. It improves motion synchronization without affecting the overall tracking bandwidth. A tuning method for the proposed controller is also presented for the control engineer’s practice.
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Rakhmanov, S. R. "Elaboration of a lubrication system for universal spindle hinges of rolling mills." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 1047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-9-1047-1053.
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The experience of running drives of most of heavy-duty rolling mills shows that the designs of universal spindles with blade hinges under conditions of increased alternating loads are most acceptable comparing with other spindles types. Open friction surfaces are the drawbacks of these types of spindles, which complicate the matter of continuous supply of lubrication. Perfected effective system of forced lubrication of rolling mill spindles hinges proposed. The facility for their lubrication has a bearing support of balancing design, spindle, in radial holes of which spring-loaded plungers are installed in a diametrically opposite order. Besides, the facility has suction valves and force valves installed in the spindle axial holes, connecting with the radial ones. A methodology proposed to select the eccentricity of the internal cylindrical surface of the bearing support of the spindle hinge, the axis of which is located eccentrically relative the spindle rotation axis. A calculating scheme and a mathematical model of the process of lubrication supply into joints of rolling mill spindle hinge elaborated. A differential equation of lubrication motion in the conical slot of the hinge between a blade and insertions drawn up. Parameters of hydrodynamic motion of lubrication in the conical slot established. Modes of the lubrication motion in the conical slot between roller blade and hinge insertion determined. Based on experience of operation of friction couple bronze-steel, a lubrication for rolling mills universal spindles proposed. To improve the operation characteristics of hinges based on the friction couple bronze-steel, a thick lubrication having antifriction properties namely based on oils with additives ИП-10, КП-10 and ДФ-11 proposed. Dependence of pressure distribution along the length of the hinge conical slot presented for various lubrications of low viscosity (ИП-10 + ДФ-11) and high viscosity (КП-10 + ДФ-11). The quality effect of the speed of roller blade movable wall on distribution of speeds of lubrication layer motion over the height of the hinge conical slot for comparatively low and comparatively high boundary speeds demonstrated.
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Nunes, Vanessa, Margarida Dantas, Domingos Castro, Elisa Vitiello, Irène Wang, Nicolas Carpi, Martial Balland, et al. "Centrosome–nuclear axis repositioning drives the assembly of a bipolar spindle scaffold to ensure mitotic fidelity." Molecular Biology of the Cell 31, no. 16 (July 21, 2020): 1675–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0047.
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Wilck, Ines, Andreas Wirtz, Torben Merhofe, Dirk Biermann, and Petra Wiederkehr. "Minimisation of Pose-Dependent Regenerative Vibrations for 5-Axis Milling Operations." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5030099.
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The machining of free-formed surfaces, e.g., dies or moulds, is often affected by tool vibrations, which can affect the quality of the workpiece surface. Furthermore, in 5-axis milling, the dynamic properties of the system consisting of the tool, spindle and machine tool can vary depending on the tool pose. In this paper, a simulation-based methodology for optimising the tool orientation, i.e., tilt and lead angle of simultaneous 5-axis milling processes, is presented. For this purpose, a path finding algorithm was used to identify process configurations, that minimise tool vibrations based on pre-calculated simulation results, which were organised using graph theory. In addition, the acceleration behaviour of the feed drives, which limits the ability of adjusting the tool orientation with a high adaption frequency, as well as potential collisions of the tool, tool chuck and spindle with the workpiece were considered during the optimisation procedure.
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Křepela, J., and Vladislav Singule. "Simulation of the Dynamic Behaviors of the C Axis Drive by the Turning Center." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.356.
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The paper describes the mathematical model for C axis of the multifunction turning center with worm gear. Talks about the mathematical model with multi-body mass dynamic system. The drive works in the positional feedback and his mathematical model is specified for detection of the dynamical behaviors of the C axis. The turning center is designed for a heavy roughing forged piece from high carbon steels by the power of main motor 71kW. The C axis must be designed as accurate angle position axis and with big dynamic stability of regulation by step or pulse loading. The C axis drive is constructed with help of a hydraulic connected up the worm gearing on a spindle. The driven side of the worm gear is created two dual worms with own servomotors. Worm wheel is solved as one part with two gears. Servomotors are controlled with the mode speed/torque coupling (MASTER-SLAVE), which guarantees the constant torque prestressing between the servomotors. The difference of a torques guarantees leaning of both worm teeth on opposite tooth faces of both gears of the worm wheel. In the dynamic model are involved the friction on the worm gears, torsion stiffness located with help of the FEM and moment of inertia for all parts. 3D models of the C axis is designed in the program ProEngineer. From complete 3D model of the C axis are transfered individual parts to the FEM in surroundings Ansys as volume parts. In this paper is main output influence of the diference between the 3D and 2D for calculation of the stiffness in the contact of the worm gear on the whole dynamic system of the C axis. The value of the torsion stiffness by more situation of the load on the worm gear is used subsequently to the multi-body mass system of the C axis drive and to the eigen frequencies analyses. Results of this paper will be sensitivity check of the changing torsion stiffness on the worm gear by the loading changing on the resulted position accuracy on the C axis. Next review is, if the control modul MASTER-SLAVE is partially this problem of the difference between values of stiffness from 2D or 3D model or also stiffness non-linearity eliminated.
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Wu, Dong Xu, Guo Li, Bo Wang, Zheng Qiao, and Lei Lv. "Fabrication of Microstructured Surfaces by Five-Axis Ultra Precision Machine Tool." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.187.
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In this paper, a five-axis ultra precision machine tool for fabrication of microstructured surfaces is presented. This machine consists of two rotary axes (C&B) and three linear axes (X&Y&Z). High precision aerostatic bearing and torque motor are adopted in C axis (main spindle) and B axis. X axis and Z axis use the hydrostatic guideway and are driven by linear motors. Y axis is driven by torque motor and precision ball screw. This machine is able to realize multiple processing methods, including ultra precision diamond turning, ultra precision milling, fly-cutting, fast tool servo and slow tool servo diamond turning.Furthermore, a large number of experiment researches are carried out. Some typical microstructure surfaces are manufactured, for sinusoidal grid surface, the surface roughness Ra is 11.9nm, which is machined by slow tool servo diamond turning. Micro pyramid array surface is fabricated by using fly-cutting, which performs well both in the profile accuracy and the repeatability. These experiment researches prove that this ultra precision machine is superior in accuracy and system reliability.
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Merk, Daniel J., Pengcheng Zhou, Samuel M. Cohen, Maria F. Pazyra-Murphy, Grace H. Hwang, Kristina J. Rehm, Jose Alfaro, et al. "The Eya1 Phosphatase Mediates Shh-Driven Symmetric Cell Division of Cerebellar Granule Cell Precursors." Developmental Neuroscience 42, no. 5-6 (2020): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512976.
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During neural development, stem and precursor cells can divide either symmetrically or asymmetrically. The transition between symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions is a major determinant of precursor cell expansion and neural differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms that regulate this transition are not well understood. Here, we identify the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway as a critical determinant regulating the mode of division of cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs). Using partial gain and loss of function mutations within the Shh pathway, we show that pathway activation determines spindle orientation of GCPs, and that mitotic spindle orientation correlates with the mode of division. Mechanistically, we show that the phosphatase Eya1 is essential for implementing Shh-dependent GCP spindle orientation. We identify atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) as a direct target of Eya1 activity and show that Eya1 dephosphorylates a critical threonine (T410) in the activation loop. Thus, Eya1 inactivates aPKC, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of Numb and other components that regulate the mode of division. This Eya1-dependent cascade is critical in linking spindle orientation, cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation. Together these findings demonstrate that a Shh-Eya1 regulatory axis selectively promotes symmetric cell divisions during cerebellar development by coordinating spindle orientation and cell fate determinants.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spindle and C-axis drives"
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Sovadina, František. "Návrh vřeteníku soustruhu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443734.
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The thesis deals with the design and construction of headstocks of a turning centre. The aim is to design a spindle with an output of 20 kW and a maximum speed of 5000 1/min. The research part of the thesis is focused on the description of the basic parameters of the headstock and turning centres needed for the construction of the headstock and contains an analysis of the available spindles on the market. The next part of the thesis deals with the selection and calculation of cutting conditions and the necessary parameters. Analytical calculations are then verified using FEM analysis. At the end of the thesis, a 3D model was developed and headstock drawing documentation.
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Suda, Martin. "Vřeteník a hlavní vřeteno horizontálního soustružnického centra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402636.
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The thesis deals with headstock and spindle of the universal turning center. In the introduction part is a destription of the headstock morfology. It describe how the spindle and headstock can be solved in terms of its bearing, installation, used clamping interface, lubrrication, cooling and sealing. The second part is devoted to the universals turning machines which are available on the market. In the final part is the practical solution of the headstock and spindle on which can be performed for milling and drilling operation instead of turning.
Book chapters on the topic "Spindle and C-axis drives"
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Xu, Xun. "CNC Machine Tools." In Integrating Advanced Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control, 165–87. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-714-0.ch008.
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The introduction of CNC machines has radically changed the manufacturing industry. Curves are as easy to cut as straight lines, complex 3-D structures are relatively easy to produce, and the number of machining steps that required human action has dramatically reduced. With the increased automation of manufacturing processes with CNC machining, considerable improvements in consistency and quality can be achieved. CNC automation reduced the frequency of errors and provided CNC operators with time to perform additional tasks. CNC automation also allows for more flexibility in the way parts are held in the manufacturing process and the time required to change the machine to produce different components. In a production environment, a series of CNC machines may be combined into one station, commonly called a “cell”, to progressively machine a part requiring several operations. CNC controller is the “brain” of a CNC machine, whereas the physical configuration of the machine tool is the “skeleton”. A thorough understanding of the physical configuration of a machine tool is always a priority for a CNC programmer as well as the CNC machine tool manufacturers. This chapter starts with a historical perspective of CNC machine tools. Two typical types of CNC machine tools (i.e. vertical and horizontal machining centres) are first discussed. Tooling systems for a CNC machine tool are integral part of a CNC system and are therefore elaborated. Also discussed are the four principal elements of a CNC machine tool. They are machine base, machine spindle, spindle drive, and slide drive. What letter should be assigned to a linear or rotary axis and what if a machine tool has two sets of linear axes? These questions are answered later in the chapter. In order for readers to better comprehend the axis and motion designations, a number of machine tool schematics are given.
Conference papers on the topic "Spindle and C-axis drives"
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Ishizuka, Akane, Narimasa Ueda, Yoshitaka Morimoto, Akio Hayashi, Yoshiyuki Kaneko, and Naohiko Suzuki. "Study on Non-Axisymmetric 3D Curved Surface Turning by Driven-Type Rotary Tool Synchronized With Spindle." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-65062.
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Abstract Since shifting to electric vehicles as a countermeasure against global warming is not always easy to complete, the hybrid car has been considered as another possible solution. However, based on the calculation of total CO2 emissions, all hybrid cars which will constitute 90% of all cars are expected to be equipped with an internal combustion engine even after 2030. Therefore, further efficiency improvement of the internal combustion engine is necessary. One of the key factors is the variable valve timing and variable lift with the 3D cam mechanism. Since conventional technology uses a complicated link mechanism and servo motor control, this leads a problem to set into small cars or motorcycles because they cannot afford to install the variable valve timing and variable lift with cam mechanism. To solve this problem, a cam shape with a three-dimensional curved surface has been proposed. In order to create this shape, the machining method for non-axisymmetric curved surface turning (NACS-Turning) is required. To build the new system, our research group has proposed a new machining method using a driven type rotary tool and a linear motor driven moving table to enable to achieve NACS-Turning. In this new system, a new tool rotation axis (B axis) is adopted to synchronize its rotational position with the rotational position of the spindle (C axis) holding the workpiece, the X1-, X2-, and Z-Axis positions in total. In this paper, the new hardware configuration is proposed to overcome the present machining accuracy.
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Ishizuka, Akane, Kensuke Nakagawa, Yoshitaka Morimoto, Akio Hayashi, Yoshiyuki Kaneko, Naohiko Suzuki, and Ryo Hirono. "Study on Non-Axisymmetric 3D Curved Surface Turning by Driven-Type Rotary Tool Synchronized With Spindle." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8505.
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Abstract Since shifting to electric vehicles as a countermeasure against global warming is hard to complete, the hybrid car has been considered as another possible solution. However, based on the calculation of total CO2 emissions, all hybrid cars which will constitute 90% of all cars are expected to be equipped with an internal combustion engine even after 2030. Therefore, further efficiency improvement of the internal combustion engine is necessary. One of the key factors is the variable valve timing and variable lift of the cam mechanism. Since conventional technology uses a complicated link mechanism and servo motor control, this creates a problem to build small cars or two-wheeled vehicles because they are not big enough for the size and weight of the two important parts: the variable valve timing and variable of cam mechanism, which won’t fit. To solve this problem, a cam shape with a three-dimensional curved surface has been proposed. In order to create this shape, the machining method for non-axisymmetric curved surface turning (NACS-Turning) is required. To build the new system, our research group has proposed a new machining method using a driven rotary tool and a linear motor driven moving table to enable to achieve NACS-Turning. In this new system, a new tool rotation axis (B axis) is adopted to synchronize its rotation position with the rotation position of the spindle (C axis) holding the workpiece and the X1-, X2-, and Z-Axis positions in total. In this paper, the new hardware configuration is proposed to overcome the present machining accuracy from the point of non-circular machining method.
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Borboni, Alberto, Elisabetta Ceretti, Alessandro Copeta, Davide Moscatelli, Rodolfo Faglia, and Aldo Attanasio. "High Precision Machine Based on a Differential Mechanism." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20078.
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Micromachining processes deal with the production of parts characterized by features in the micro range (i.e., with dimension lower than 1 mm). Several works are present in literature analyzing the tool behaviors, the material influence on the process, and the machine design. In fact, the downsize of the process up to the microscale needs a full review of all the knowledge coming from the meso and macro scale. As a consequence, machines suitable for micromachining processes were recently introduced in the market. Usually, these machines are classified by the classical gantry layout structure supported by a granite frame and, in order to guarantee the needed requirements of precision and accuracy in the micro scale, they are based on fluid-supported axes and active and/or passive vibration control systems. This paper proposes a new concept design: a high precision machine (HPM) based on an innovative layout exploiting a differential mechanism with three motors for two degrees of freedom using pulleys and metal belts. This new layout exhibits relevant advantages. The most significant is that all the worktable servo drives, that moves along x and y axes, are ground-fixed. This allows to isolate the working area of the machine from the servo drives. The system of pulleys and belts holding the working table slides on air bearings in order to minimize the micro vibrations induced by all the drives. A further peculiarity of the machine consists of the double z-axis each of them is motorized by a micrometer slide with linear absolute encoder. The first z-axis is equipped with a spindle for performing micro machining processes (drilling and milling). The second z-axis is equipped with a laser head for micro ablation. The servo drives of the two z-axes are controlled by the same control system of the worktable. Another important feature of the proposed layout is that the differential configuration of the xy mechanism admits the use of a constant speed signal to each control reference with no output displacements. This allows to guarantee non-inversion of motion of the servo-drives and so the avoidance of problems due to backlash and/or static friction. Drives are controlled by position and speed control loops with PID architecture, anti-windup and feed forward strategies. Controllers have been tuned by the use of a genetic algorithm applied to a dynamic model of the system. As a general consideration, the quality of the investigated micro machining processes can be improved with the designed machine structure.
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Liu, Cong, Jianqun Liu, and Weiqiang Gao. "Realization and application of spindle and C-axis switching function based on PMAC." In 2017 IEEE 3rd Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itoec.2017.8122493.
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Tang, Jessica A., Justin K. Scheer, Christopher P. Ames, and Jenni M. Buckley. "Pure Moment Testing for Spinal Biomechanics Applications: Fixed Versus 3D Floating Ring Cable-Driven Test Designs." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80132.
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For spine biomechanical tests, the cable-driven system in particular has been widely used to apply pure bending moments. The advantages to pure moment testing lie in its consistency as an accepted standard protocol across previous literature and its ability to ensure uniform loading across all levels of the spinal column. Of the methods used for pure moment testing, cable-driven set-ups are popular due to their low requirements and simple design. Crawford et al [1] were the first to employ this method, but prior work by our group indicated a discrepancy between applied and intended moment for this system in flexion-extension only [2]. We hypothesize that this discrepancy can be observed in other bending modes and minimized with a second-generation floating ring design to eliminate off-axis loads.
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Mourtzis, Dimitris, Ekaterini Vlachou, Michael Doukas, Nikolaos Kanakis, Nikitas Xanthopoulos, and Angelos Koutoupes. "Cloud-Based Adaptive Shop-Floor Scheduling Considering Machine Tool Availability." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53025.
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Short-term scheduling belongs to the typical decision-making problems in manufacturing that continue to draw attention from industry and academia due to its inherent difficulties. The trend of mass customization and the increasing product variety generate further uncertainties and turbulences on modern shop-floors, thus, making scheduling a challenging daily problem. These challenges dictate the need for replacing rigid centralized scheduling tools with adaptive and robust scheduling solutions. The integration between ICT based decision support tools in manufacturing can be further enhanced to achieve shop-floor awareness and a common information flow, which is necessary to improve decision-making. Towards this objective, advanced monitoring techniques consisting of smart sensor networks and seamless communication procedures can provide the required awareness to decision making process. Further to that, Cloud, as an emerging enabling technology, can support the integration among multiple IT tools and provide ubiquitous access to data. Cloud-based and resource-aware scheduling tools are therefore considered as enablers for increasing the adaptability and agility of a manufacturing system. The proposed research work, presents a cloud-based framework consisting of a monitoring service and a short-term scheduling application that aims to generate and dispatch feasible and highly-productive schedules in a timely manner. The short-term scheduling application is enriched with data obtained by the monitoring service and generates resource-aware schedules by considering not only machine tools suitability but also their imminent status and availability. The scheduling application utilizes an intelligent search algorithm, which allows the generation of alternative schedules and their evaluation though a set of multiple conflicting criteria including among others cost, time and quality. The produced schedules are assessed using a set of performance indicators of makespan and resource utilization. The monitoring service gathers data from two data sources, namely a multi-sensory system and the machine tool operator. Through an information fusion procedure, the monitoring service provides to the scheduling application the machine tools status as well as the machine tools available time windows. The sensory system is deployed on five axes work-centers to monitor the axis and spindle drives in near real-time. The human operator reports to the monitoring system the status of the machine tool, the currently running task, and the cutting-tool availability through mobile devices on the shop-floor. The information fusion technique, consisting of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Dempster’s Shafer theory of evidence, processes these heterogeneous information sources and derives the status of the machine tool and future availability windows. The proposed framework is applied and validated in a real-life case study obtained from a high precision mold-making industry.
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Mariani, Marisa, Mark McHugh, Marco Petrillo, Steven Sieber, Shiquan He, Mirko Andreoli, Paul Fiedler, Giovanni Scambia, Shohreh Shahabi, and Cristiano Ferlini. "Abstract 3725: HGF/c-Met axis drives cancer aggressiveness in the neo-adjuvant setting of ovarian cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3725.
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Javorek, Bryan, Barry K. Fussell, and Robert B. Jerard. "Calibration of a Milling Force Model Using Feed and Spindle Power Sensors." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72315.
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Changes in cutting forces during a milling operation can be associated with tool wear and breakage. Accurate monitoring of these cutting forces is an important step towards the automation of the machining process. However, direct force sensors, such as dynamometers, are not practical for industry application due to high costs, unwanted compliance, and workspace limitations. This paper describes a method in which power sensors on the feed and spindle motors are used to generate coefficients for a cutting force model. The resulting model accurately predicts the X and Y cutting forces observed in several simple end-milling tests, and should be capable of estimating both the peak and average force for a given cut geometry. In this work, a dynamometer is used to calibrate the feed drive power sensor and to measure experimental cutting forces for verification of the cutting force model. Measurement of the average x-axis cutting forces is currently presented as an off-line procedure performed on a sacrificial block of material. The potential development of a continuous, real-time force monitoring system is discussed.
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Mori, Taichi, Yoshitaka Morimoto, Akio Hayashi, Yoshiyuki Kaneko, Naohiko Suzuki, and Ryo Hirono. "Study on Turning of Non-Axisymmetric Three-Dimensional Curved Surfaces." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87377.
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Conventional machining of complex parts having three-dimensional curved surfaces is performed in two steps using a five-axis machining center and a grinding machine. There is a problem with productivity. Therefore, we developed a CNC lathe to cope with high-speed machining. The newly developed CNC lathe has four axes (X1, X2, Z, C). In this machining, the tool on the X axis follows the curved surface synchronously with the rotation angle of the spindle. This cutting method enables machining of the three-dimensional curved surface. By adopting a linear motor for the X axis, high-speed reciprocal motion of the tool is realized, and the machining time has been reduced to approximately 1/30, as compared with the conventional milling process. In this operation, since high-response motion is required for the tool positioning, a certain profile error remains even if repeated control is applied using the linear scale. In the present study, for the purpose of improving the contour accuracy of a three-dimensional curved surface, we report the result of compensation between the profile measurement method of workpiece and the desired profile accuracy. After machining a three-dimensional curved surface by the developed CNC lathe, a line laser displacement sensor is used to measure the workpiece profile on the machine without removing the workpiece. The position of the machining program is measured by synchronizing the controller of the CNC lathe and the line laser displacement gauge. In addition, the desired profile accuracy is improved by compensating for the error between the desired profile accuracy and the measurement result.
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Santo, L., F. Trovalusci, and V. Tagliaferri. "Hot Drilling of 6082 Aluminium Alloy." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95486.
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In traditional machining drilling is a major and common holemaking process in which lubrication and cooling are very important to improve the machining. The idea proposed in this paper regards the metal heating during the drilling operation by means of an infrared lamp. In this way a reduction in thrust force and torque is expected, since the material properties have been changed. Some experimental tests are carried out on Al 6082 in dry drilling operation, using a conventional milling machine and cobalt-coated HSS twist drills 2.5, 5, 7 mm in diameter. The spindle speeds range from 5000 to 15000 Rpm, the feeds range between 0.0076–0.042 mm/rev, the temperature is varied in the range of 40–140°C. Besides, Flat-top cylinder Indenter for Mechanical Characterization (FIMEC) tests for material characterization are carried out to obtain the yield stress of material varying temperature. The main result is a significant reduction of the thrust force (from 10 to 34% depending on the process conditions). By analysing the data of forces as a function of temperature, a minimum value of force is always found in correspondence of a temperature depending on drill diameter and feed. The influence of each parameter is investigated. The experimental data in terms of force are also correlated to the measured yield stresses to study the influence of material properties on drilling machining. Further study must be developed to investigate the torque, the mechanisms of chip formation and the tool wear.