Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spinal motion

Academic literature on the topic 'Spinal motion'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spinal motion"

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Wu, Jau-Ching, Patrick C. Hsieh, Praveen V. Mummaneni, and Michael Y. Wang. "Spinal Motion Preservation Surgery." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/372502.

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Mayer, Tom G., George Kondraske, Susan Brady Beals, and Robert J. Gatchel. "Spinal Range of Motion." Spine 22, no. 17 (September 1997): 1976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199709010-00006.

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Bösch, Nadja, Martin Hofstetter, Alexander Bürki, Beatriz Vidondo, Fenella Davies, and Franck Forterre. "Effect of Facetectomy on the Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Properties of the Fourth Canine Cervical Functional Spinal Unit: A Cadaveric Study." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 30, no. 06 (2017): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-17-03-0043.

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Abstract Objective To study the biomechanical effect of facetectomy in 10 large breed dogs (>24 kg body weight) on the fourth canine cervical functional spinal unit. Methods Canine cervical spines were freed from all muscles. Spines were mounted on a six-degrees-of-freedom spine testing machine for three-dimensional motion analysis. Data were recorded with an optoelectronic motion analysis system. The range of motion wasdetermined inall threeprimary motionsaswellasrange of motion of coupled motions on the intact specimen, after unilateral and after bilateral facetectomy. Repeated-measures analysis of variance models were used to assess the changes of the biomechanical properties in the three treatment groups considered. Results Facetectomy increased range of motion of primary motions in all directions. Axial rotation was significantly influenced by facetectomy. Coupled motion was not influenced by facetectomy except for lateral bending with coupled motion axial rotation. The coupling factor (coupled motion/primary motion) decreased after facetectomy. Symmetry of motion was influenced by facetectomy in flexion–extension and axial rotation, but not in lateral bending. Clinical Significance Facet joints play a significant role in the stability of the cervical spine and act to maintain spatial integrity. Therefore, cervical spinal treatments requiring a facetectomy should be carefully planned and if an excessive increase in range of motion is expected, complications should be anticipated and reduced via spinal stabilization.
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Böhm, Urs Lucas, and Claire Wyart. "Spinal sensory circuits in motion." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 41 (December 2016): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2016.07.007.

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Wong, Kris W. N., Keith D. K. Luk, John C. Y. Leong, S. F. Wong, and Kenneth K. Y. Wong. "Continuous Dynamic Spinal Motion Analysis." Spine 31, no. 4 (February 2006): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000199955.87517.82.

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Haughton, Victor M., Timothy A. Schmidt, Kevin Keele, Howard S. An, and Tae-Hong Lim. "Flexibility of lumbar spinal motion segments correlated to type of tears in the annulus fibrosus." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 92, no. 1 (January 2000): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2000.92.1.0081.

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Object. The authors conducted a study in which their objective was to measure the effect of tears in the annulus fibrosus on the motions of lumbar spinal motion segments. Methods. Lumbar spinal motion segments were harvested from human cadavers and studied using a 1.5-tesla magnetic resonance imager. The motion segments were subjected to incremental flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending torques. Displacements and rotations were measured using a kinematic system. The segments were sectioned on a cryomicrotome to verify the presence of tears in the annulus fibrosus. Conclusions. Tears in the annulus fibrosus increase the amount of motion that results from a torque applied to the motion segment. Radial and transverse tears of the annulus fibrosus have a greater effect on motions produced by an axial rotatory torque than on those produced by flexion, extension, or lateral bending torques. The difference between normal discs and discs with annular tears is more marked during moments of axial rotational than during those of flexion, extension, or lateral bending.
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Del Rossi, Gianluca, Mary Beth H. Horodyski, Bryan P. Conrad, Christian P. Di Paola, Matthew J. Di Paola, and Glenn R. Rechtine. "The 6-Plus–Person Lift Transfer Technique Compared With Other Methods of Spine Boarding." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.1.6.

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Abstract Context: To achieve full spinal immobilization during on-the-field management of an actual or potential spinal injury, rescuers transfer and secure patients to a long spine board. Several techniques can be used to facilitate this patient transfer. Objective: To compare spinal segment motion of cadavers during the execution of the 6-plus–person (6+) lift, lift-and-slide (LS), and logroll (LR) spine-board transfer techniques. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eight medical professionals (1 woman, 7 men) with 5 to 32 years of experience were enlisted to help carry out the transfer techniques. In addition, test conditions were performed on 5 fresh cadavers (3 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 86.2 ± 11.4 years. Main Outcomes Measure(s): Three-dimensional angular and linear motions initially were recorded during execution of transfer techniques, initially using cadavers with intact spines and then after C5-C6 spinal segment destabilization. The mean maximal linear displacement and angular motion obtained and calculated from the 3 trials for each test condition were included in the statistical analysis. Results: Flexion-extension angular motion, as well as anteroposterior and distraction-compression linear motion, did not vary between the LR and either the 6+ lift or LS. Compared with the execution of the 6+ lift and LS, the execution of the LR generated significantly more axial rotation (P = .008 and .001, respectively), more lateral flexion (P = .005 and .003, respectively), and more medial-lateral translation (P = .003 and .004, respectively). Conclusions: A small amount of spinal motion is inevitable when executing spine-board transfer techniques; however, the execution of the 6+ lift or LS appears to minimize the extent of motion generated across a globally unstable spinal segment.
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Crosbie, Jack, Roongtiwa Vachalathiti, and Richard Smith. "Patterns of spinal motion during walking." Gait & Posture 5, no. 1 (February 1997): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(96)01066-1.

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Crosbie, Jack, Sharon L. Kilbreath, Luise Hollmann, and Sarah York. "Scapulohumeral rhythm and associated spinal motion." Clinical Biomechanics 23, no. 2 (February 2008): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.09.012.

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Yingling, Vanessa R., and Stuart M. McGill. "Anterior Shear of Spinal Motion Segments." Spine 24, no. 18 (September 1999): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199909150-00004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spinal motion"

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Wong, Wai-ning Kris. "Lumbar spinal motion analysis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36611773.

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Wong, Wai-ning Kris, and 黃偉寧. "Lumbar spinal motion analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36611773.

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Troke, Michael. "Three dimensional measurement of lumbar spinal motion." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407676.

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Breloff, Scott. "Quantifying Segmental Spinal Motion during Activities of Daily Living." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13233.

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Back pain is a very common musculoskeletal impairment in most Americans. Average annual occurrence of back pain is reported around 30% of the population and is the most common cause of activity limitation in people younger than 45 years old. Eighty percent of the back pain presents in the lumbar spine. Although this ailment is very prevalent in the American population, there is a lack of empirical evidence supporting the common clinical diagnosis and intervention back pain strategies. The frequency of back pain and the lack of treatment methods were the motivation for this investigation. It is important to better understand spine dynamics during ambulatory tasks of daily activities to identify possible biomechanical mechanisms underlying back pain. Current biomechanical quantification methods for spine dynamics are either too invasive or not detailed enough to fully comprehend detailed spinal movement. Therefore, a non-invasive but detailed procedure to calculate spine dynamics was developed and tested. In this study, multi-segmented spine dynamics (kinematics and kinetics) were calculated during four activities of daily living (level walking (W), obstacle crossing (OC), stair ascent (SA) and stair descent (SD)). Our findings suggested an in-vivo multi-segmented spine surface marker set is able to detect different and repeatable motion patterns during walking among various spinal segments. The sacrum to lower lumbar (SLL) joint had the largest range of motion (ROM) when compared to the other more superior joints (lower lumbar to upper lumbar and upper lumbar to lower thoracic). Furthermore, SA task demonstrated more flexion ROM than both W and SD tasks. In addition to task influence, joints at different spine levels also demonstrated different ROMs, where SLL had a greater ROM than upper lumbar to lower thoracic (ULLT) in the transverse plane. Age was found to not significantly affect the segmental spinal ROM or peak angles. The vertical segmental joint reaction forces were different between tasks, where SD yielded larger vertical reaction forces than W. Overall, findings from this dissertation work were able to show that a multi-segment spine marker system could be an effective tool in determining different spinal dynamics during various activities of daily living. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material.
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Stinton, Shaun Kevin. "DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND APPLICATION OF A NONINVASIVE SPINAL MOTION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/169.

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Spontaneous vertebral fractures are a large and growing health care problem. Biomechanical factors, specifically, abnormal posture or gait‐related spinal motion may interact with age‐weakened bone to induce altered spinal biomechanics that in turn increase the likelihood of vertebral body fracture. This research takes steps towards the goal of reducing the number of vertebral fractures in two phases: 1) Validation of a noninvasive spinal motion measurement system in cadaver torsos and 2) Application of the measurement system in human subjects. The cadaver study compared vertebral motion at 4 levels (T7,T12,L3,L5) as measured by adhesive skin markers versus motion measured by bone pins implanted into the vertebrae. Cadaver torsos were tested in lateral‐bending, flexion and axialrotation. Mean differences in vertebral body angular motion between skin markers and bone pin markers were <0.5° around the anterior‐posterior and medial‐lateral axes and <0.9° around the superior‐inferior axis. This measurement method was able to accurately quantify vertebral body motion in cadaver torsos thus allowing for application to human subject testing. X‐rays and 3D motion capture were employed to quantify spinal posture and motion parameters during gait in 12 older and 12 younger normal, females. Vertebral motion around 3 axes was measured at 4 levels (T7,T10,T12,L2) using noninvasive retroreflective markers during treadmill gait at 3 speeds (0.5,0.7,0.9m/s). The average angular motion of all gait cycles at each speed was determined for each level. The triplanar ranges of motion and variability of motion were compared as a function of age. Older subjects had 31.7% larger frontal Cobb angles and up to 30.9% and 33.5% smaller ranges of spinal motion in the frontal and sagittal planes. Variability of motion in the sagittal plane was up to 42.9% less in older subjects. Decreased ranges of motion and variability of spinal motion observed in older subjects may imply that vertebral loading in these subjects may not be as uniformly distributed across the vertebrae as in younger subjects. Greater stresses may result from the abnormal motion, thus increasing fracture risk. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires a longitudinal study, but if verified, may lead to the development of inexpensive countermeasures to prevent fractures.
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Ha, Tshui Hung. "Measurement of lumbar spinal posture and motion using inertial sensors." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2010. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5f9f5b5f-2560-4565-8db3-9b3510f6bb0f.

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Back pain is a common and costly disorder affecting 80% of the population, with 80-90% of the symptoms reported to have no pathological cause and it is suggested that this non-specific low back pain can be improved by the adoption of proper posture and body mechanics during normal daily life.
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Dodgen, Eric Ray. "Spinal Implant with Customized and Non-Linear Stiffness." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2699.

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There is a need for spinal implants that have nonlinear stiffness to provide stabilization if the spine loses stiffness through injury, degeneration, or surgery. There is also a need for spinal implants to be customizable for individual needs, and to be small enough to be unobtrusive once implanted. Past and ongoing work that defines the effects of degeneration on the torque rotation curve of a functional spinal unit (FSU) were used to produce a spinal implant which could meet these requirements. This thesis proposes contact-aided inserts to be used with the FlexSuRe™ spinal implant to create a nonlinear stiffness. Moreover, different inserts can be used to create customized behaviors. An analytical model is introduced for insert design, and the model is verified using a finite element model and tests of physical prototypes both on a tensile tester and cadaveric testing on an in-house spine tester. Testing showed the inserts are capable of creating a non-linear force-deflection curve and it was observed that the device provided increased stiffness to a spinal segment in flexion-extension and lateral-bending. This thesis further proposes that the FlexSuRe™ spinal implant can be reduced in size by joining LET joint geometries in series in a serpentine nature. An optimization procedure was performed on the new geometry and feasible designs were identified. Moreover, due to maintaining LET joint geometry, the contact-aided insert could be implemented in conjunction with this new device geometry.
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Newell, Robyn. "Are inversion, posture, motion and muscle effects important to spinal alignment?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46573.

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Rollover accidents are dynamic and complex events in which head contacts with the vehicle interior can cause catastrophic neck injuries through head-first impact. Ex vivo cadaver tests are valuable for studying these mechanisms of head-first axial loading neck injuries; however, they lack a biofidelic representation of neuromuscular control, postural stability, and overall spine posture. Computational modeling can be used to evaluate changes in the risk of neck injury under the influence of muscle forces, yet the exact muscles and levels of forces that are involved leading up to a head-first impact are unknown. Knowing the state of the neck prior to impact is critical to improving cadaveric and computational models of neck injury. Four human volunteer experiments were conducted to determine whether inversion, head position, muscle tensing, and dynamic motion influence the cervical spine alignment. These four studies included: (1) static inversion, (2) muscle tensing, (3) moment generation, (4) dynamic flexion/extension. For each experiment, cervical alignment was captured using fluoroscopy and muscle activity was captured using electromyography. The inverted posture and muscle activations were found to be different than the upright relaxed posture and the differences depend on the position of the head (study 1). Actively tensing the neck muscles in a free unconstrained task (study 2) and in generating flexion and extension forces with head constraint (study 3) resulted in different cervical alignment compared to the initial resting spine. Not only do these neck muscle contractions induce postural changes, they also provide a substantial stiffening effect to the neck. Finally, dynamically arriving at the neutral position did not result in the same cervical alignment as static neutral and the alignment depended on the direction that neutral is approached from (full flexion or full extension). These findings suggest that it may not be sufficient to replicate the upright resting posture in cadaveric and computational models of neck injury. Adopting in vivo postures and muscle activations, relevant to head-first impact, in the laboratory may help in replicating the spectrum of injuries observed in real life rollovers, an important step toward injury prevention.
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Short, Ken. "A finite model of the human vertebral centrum." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321232.

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De, Beer N., L. Christelis, and der Merwe A. F. Van. "Evaluating the relationship between external markers and internal vertebral kinematics in the cervical spine." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 10, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/614.

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The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between external markers typically used in external motion capturing devices and the true vertebral kinematics in the cervical spine. Twenty one healthy subjects were subjected to low dosage X-rays in five different positions, while radio opaque markers were attached to the skin at each vertebral level. Distance and angle parameters were constructed for vertebral prediction from skin surface markers. The causes of variation in these parameters were identified by investigating the correlations of these parameters with anthropometrical variables. Strong correlations of the parameters were observed in flexion, but in extension, especially full extension, the correlations were poor to insignificant. In neutral, half flexion, and full flexion it is possible to predict the vertebral position from surface markers by using the parameters and anthropometrical variables. In half extension this prediction is less accurate and in full extension alternative methods should be investigated for external motion capturing.
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Books on the topic "Spinal motion"

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Insight, LLC Medtech. U.S. markets for spinal motion preserving devices. Newport Beach, CA: Medtech Insight, 2005.

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Occhiogrosso, Peter. Inside Spinal Tap. New York: Arbor House, 1985.

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Inside Spinal Tap. London: Abacus, 1992.

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This is Spinal Tap. Milwaukee, WI: Limelight Editions, 2010.

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Michael, McKean, and French Karl, eds. This is Spinal Tap: The official companion. London: Bloomsbury, 2000.

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1937-, Taylor Jim, ed. Rick Hansen: Man in motion. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1987.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. The spiral path. New York: Berkley Books, 2002.

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Putney, Mary Jo. The spiral path. Thorndike, Me: Center Point, 2002.

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1953-, Cope Timothy C., ed. Motor neurobiology of the spinal cord. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001.

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How brain-like is the spinal cord?: Interacting cell assemblies in the nervous system. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spinal motion"

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Gracovetsky, Serge. "Coupled Motion: The Gearbox of the Spinal Engine." In The Spinal Engine, 260–85. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8951-1_9.

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Shapovalov, A. I., and N. P. Vesselkin. "Synaptic Influences on Motoneurones of the Spinal Cord in Vertebrates." In Stance and Motion, 49–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0821-6_5.

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Karahalios, Dean G., and Michael J. Musacchio. "Lumbar Interspinous Devices: Fusion and Motion Sparing." In Essentials of Spinal Stabilization, 321–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59713-3_25.

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Snijders, H., G. B. Houben, M. R. Drost, J. M. Huyghe, J. D. Janssen, and A. Huson. "Osmotic Prestressing of a Spinal Motion Segment." In Topics in Applied Mechanics, 321–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2090-6_35.

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Kang, Daniel G., Melvin D. Helgeson, and Alexander R. Vaccaro. "Spinal Motion Restoration Devices for the Degenerative Disc." In The Intervertebral Disc, 225–46. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1535-0_14.

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Walser, Jochen, Stephen John Ferguson, and Benjamin Gantenbein-Ritter. "Design of a Mechanical Loading Device to Culture Intact Bovine Spinal Motion Segments under Multiaxial Motion." In Replacing Animal Models, 89–105. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119940685.ch9.

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Kim, Jae-nam, Ha-yeon Yang, Min-kyung Kim, Hyun-kyung Kim, Sun-hwa Shim, Eun-joo Kim, Wan-ho Jang, and Sun-young Jo. "An Exploratory Study on Development Smart Cradle for Women with Spinal Cord Injury: Focus Group Interview." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 211–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09593-1_16.

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AbstractThis study is preliminary research to develop a smart cradle for women with spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for improvement of the product and important factors related to product development. A focus group interview was conducted with a total of 5 women with spinal cord injury who had experienced parenting after spinal cord injury. After recording all of the focus group interviews, researchers individually analyzed the content and integrated the results. Easy access cradle design for wheelchair users, attachment of wheelchair and cradle when moving at home, an open and lockable door one side of the cradle were required in cradle structures. Electronic height adjustment, bounce mode, children’s motion sensor, and function linked with a smartphone should be reflected in the development of the cradle. This result is meaningful in that it suggests points to be considered in the process of developing an assistive device by reflecting the desire to understand the grievance women with spinal cord injury when parenting.
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Harris, P. J., and C. Hardwidge. "A Porous Finite Element Model of the Motion of the Spinal Cord." In Integral Methods in Science and Engineering, Volume 2, 193–201. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4897-8_18.

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Anderson, M. C., and C. J. Lissy. "ASTM F2624-07—Evaluating an Alternate Fixture for Testing Extra Discal Motion Preserving Implants." In Static and Dynamic Spinal Implants: Are We Evaluating Them Appropriately?, 222–33. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49411t.

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Anderson, M. C., and C. J. Lissy. "ASTM F2624-07—Evaluating an Alternate Fixture for Testing Extra Discal Motion Preserving Implants." In Static and Dynamic Spinal Implants: Are We Evaluating Them Appropriately?, 222–33. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp153520120016.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spinal motion"

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Reutlinger, Christoph, Philippe Gédet, Jens Kowal, Tobias Rudolph, Jürgen Burger, Carol Hasler, and Philippe Büchler. "Validation of Intra-Operative Measurement Apparatus to Determine the Stiffness Properties of Spinal Motion Segments." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206714.

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The load-displacement behavior of spinal motion segments is commonly determined from in-vitro experiments on cadaveric spines. However, clinically, it is often desirable to quantify the patient specific biomechanical properties of the spine in-vivo. Load-displacement measurement requires direct access to the appropriate anatomy, which is typically available in spinal surgeries that aim to correct lumbar spinal instability or scoliosis. We propose an approach to measure the spinal load-displacement behavior for use during these surgeries.
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Stemper, Brian D., David Barnes, Jamie L. Baisden, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Jason Moore, and Dennis J. Maiman. "Lumbar Spinal Mechanics in Pure Bending: Influence of Gender, Spinal Level, and Degeneration Grade." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206829.

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Gender differences have been identified in normal and traumatic motions of the spine. In the cervical region, spinal motions in females were significantly greater than in males during identical dynamic acceleration pulses [1]. Static cervical range of motion was also shown to be greater in female volunteers [2]. In the thoracic region, gender differences were identified in compressive and tensile elastic moduli [3]. Although male volunteers had slightly greater lumbar spine mobility, the difference was not statistically significant [4]. Another study reported that female lumbar specimens were somewhat more flexible than male specimens [5]. Lumbar spinal motions are clinically important in the diagnosis of abnormalities and instability. Increased motions occur secondary to instability and may indicate a need for spinal stabilization. However, although previous studies have provided baseline data for lumbar motions [6], possible variations in spinal motions between males and females may lead to inaccurate diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to define lumbar spinal motions on a level-by-level basis to determine statistically significant differences between males and females and at varying levels of degeneration.
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Yan, Xiao, Yanqun Wang, and Hongmei Tian. "A Review on the Study of Spinal Care and Spinal Motion." In 2015 International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssemse-15.2015.106.

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Halverson, Peter A., Larry L. Howell, and Anton E. Bowden. "A Flexure-Based Bi-Axial Contact-Aided Compliant Mechanism for Spinal Arthroplasty." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50121.

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A healthy spinal disc is capable of 3 degrees of rotation and has a force-deflection response that helps to stabilize the spine. Age or trauma can cause the stability of the spine to decrease. Spinal fusion, the current surgical treatment of choice, stabilizes the spine by rigid fixation, reducing spinal mobility at the cost of increased stress at adjacent levels. This paper introduces a compliant mechanism that has the potential to closely mimic the physiological motion profile of the natural spinal disc. Compliant mechanisms have properties that make them well suited for spinal implants that restores the range of motion and the forcedeflection response of the spine. This paper presents an introduction to the biomechanics of the spinal disc, reviews the state of the art in spinal care, and proposes the use of the Flexure-based Bi-Axial Contact-aided (Flex-BAC) compliant mechanism as a spinal arthroplasty device (artificial disc). The Flex-BAC compliant mechanism offers the potential to restore both the kinematics and kinetics of a damaged spinal disc. The disc provides the ability to eliminate wear through rolling. An overview of the device and a preliminary kinematic and kinetic analysis are given.
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Killen, K., S. Music, and J. Zielinska. "Tri-axial electro-goniometer for spinal motion." In 2012 38th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2012.6207103.

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Li, Bing, Haiyang Jin, Min Fang, Ying Hu, and Peng Zhang. "Spinal physiological motion simulator and compensation method for a robotic spinal surgical system." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2014.7090335.

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Pfeiffer, Ferris M., and Dennis L. Abernathie. "The Influence of Facet Fusion Strength on Instrumented Segment Range of Motion." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38082.

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Spinal fusion surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures used to alleviate lower back pain. It is estimated that between 200,000 and 300,000 spine fusion procedures performed each year in the United States [1]. There has been an increase of approximately 8% per year in the frequency of lumbar fusions in the United States since 1980 [2]. Spinal fusion is indicated for treatment of degenerative disk disease, degenerative joint disease, scoliosis, and isthmic and degenerative spondlylotisthesis when more conservative treatments have failed to achieve relief.
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Kiapour, Ali, Vijay K. Goel, Manoj Krishna, Sarath Koruprolu, Rachit Parikh, and Devdatt Mahtre. "A Computational and Experimental Investigation Into Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine Stabilized With a Novel Posterior Dynamic Stabilization System." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205814.

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Lumbar spinal stenosis is a progressive degenerative condition due to arthritic facet joints. Arthritic facets become inflamed and often develop osteophytes, leading to nerve compression and persistent severe back pain. When conservative treatment fails to reduce pain, surgical management may be pursued to improve the patient’s quality of life. Spinal decompression and fusion is one of the most common surgical procedures for treatment of spinal stenosis. However, fusion may result in accelerated degeneration of the adjacent motion segments and morbidity [1]. Motion preservation instrumentation is being developed to preserve motion at the involved and adjacent segments, as opposed to fusion procedure [2]. In this study, we used experimental and finite element (FE) techniques to assess and compare the biomechanics of intact spines and spines implanted with a novel posterior dynamic stabilizer device (TrueDyn™, Disc Motion Technologies, Boca Raton, FL). The effects on the adjacent segment, including motion and intra-discal pressure were analyzed.
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Xu, Ming, James Yang, Isador H. Lieberman, and Ram Haddas. "Comparison of Fatigue Behaviors of Spinal Implants Under Physiological Spinal Loads: A Finite Element Pilot Study." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67783.

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The fusion surgery is a standard treatment for scoliosis. Fatigue-related failure is one common cause for the fusion surgery implant. Due to the high cost of revision surgery, it is of clinical value to study the fatigue behaviors of the spinal implants under physiological spinal loads. In the literature, biomechanical tests and finite element (FE) methods have been used to study the fatigue of the spinal implants. Compared with biomechanical tests, FE analysis has the advantage of low cost and high efficiency. Due to the high computational cost, no FE study has been modeled the exact geometry of the pedicle screw (including the thread) in the screw-bone connection within the multi-level spine FE model. This study introduced a feasible FE-based method to predict the fatigue behaviors of the spinal implants with exact geometry of pedicle screw. One previously-validated FE spine model was utilized to provide physiological spinal loads and was bilaterally fused with pedicle screws and rods at L3-L4 spine levels. The exact geometry of the pedicle screw was simulated in this study for accurate stress prediction. The fused spine FE model was subjected to six loading directions (flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending, and left/right axial rotation). For each loading direction, a pure bending moment of 10 Nm was tested. First, FE analysis was performed for one loading cycle. Range of motion, maximum von Mises stress values of the spinal implants were recorded and compared for the six tested loading conditions. Then, based on the stress/strain history of the spinal implants for one loading cycle provided by the FE simulation, fatigue life cycles of the spinal implants were calculated using strain-based Smith-Watson-Topper equation. Flexion produced the largest range of motion at the adjacent level. Axial rotation produced the largest von Mises stress in the spinal implants. Except for lateral bending, the von Mises stress predicted in the screws fused at the superior vertebra was larger than that in the screws fused at inferior vertebra. The method introduced in this study will be used to study different screw fixation methods in the future work.
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Hollowell, James P., Srirangam Kumaresan, Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar. "Biomechanics of Human Cervical Spinal Column Under Physiologic Loads." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0491.

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Abstract The determination of the biomechanics of the human cervical spinal column under physiologic loads was a focus of the present study. The effects of pre-load on the load carrying capacity of spine were investigated. Structural morphology was divided into young, representing normal/non-degenerated, and old, representing abnormal/degenerated spines. Intact human cadaver cervical spinal columns were carefully isolated by maintaining the integrity of the ligamentous soft tissues. Fat and surrounding musculature were dissected. Radiographs of the specimens were obtained before the test. At each level of the cervical column, retroreflective targets were inserted into the bony articulations. Kinematic information was obtained from these targets. Principles of continuous motion analysis were used to determine the kinematics of the cervical column. A six-axis load cell was attached at the inferior end of the specimen. Flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending moments were applied. The specimens were tested with and without pre-load conditions. Results are presented with regard to variations in angular stiffness values as function of applied moment, pre-load, and spine condition. This study emphasizes the differing roles contributed by the load vector and specimen morphology on cervical spine biomechanics.
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Reports on the topic "Spinal motion"

1

Traynelis, Vincent C. Cervical Spinal Motion During Intubation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377927.

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Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.

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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.
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Courant E. D. Revised Spin Motion Equations Spin Motion and Resonances in Accelerators and Storage Rings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061883.

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Syphers M. J. Spin Motion through Helical Dipole Magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1149803.

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Zhu, Qiaochu, Jin Zhou, Hai Huang, Jie Han, Biwei Cao, Dandan Xu, Yan Zhao, and Gang Chen. Risk factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0118.

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Review question / Objective: To identify and list the risk factors associated with the onset and progression of ALS. Condition being studied: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the upper and lower motor neurons in the spinal bulb, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord. The clinical processing symptoms accompany muscle atrophy, fasciculation, and fatigue of limbs, which can lead to general paralysis and death from respiratory failure within 3-5 years after the onset of this disease. Though the pathogenesis of ALS is still unclear, exploring the associations between risk factors and ALS can provide reliable evidence to find the pathogenesis in the future. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize all related risk factors on ALS, comprehensively understand this disease, and provide clues to mechanism research and clinicians.
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Masri, Radi. Motor Cortex Stimulation Reverses Maladaptive Plasticity Following Spinal Cord Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568224.

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Masri, Radi. Motor Cortex Stimulation Reverses Maladaptive Plasticity Following Spinal Cord Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada552892.

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Murphy, Charles H., and William H. Mermagen Sr. Aero-Elastic Motion of a Spin-Stabilized Projectile. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441027.

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Panofsky, W. K. H. Spin motion of electrons in the SLC linac. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6408694.

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Luccio, A., and M. Syphers. Effects of Beam-beam Interaction on Spin Motion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1149850.

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