Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries'
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1
Willemse, Hermanus Barend. "A strategy to facilitate renewed resilience to re-establish meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008119.
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Census estimates in 2010 indicated that 6,3 percent South Africans aged 5 years and older are currently classified as disabled in five of the nine provinces in the country. The national figure for 2005 was 5 percent, with the figure for females (6,5 percent) slightly higher than that for males (6,1percent). Spinal cord injured persons and their significant others experience a range of emotions which affect their relationships with themselves, others and their environment. To deal with the life-changing consequences of the injury and regain control, these persons not only require a variety of coping strategies but rediscovery of resilience is inevitable if the experience of personal purpose and meaningful existence is ever to be regained. In the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal area, Port Elizabeth, South Africa – the geographical area in which this research study was undertaken - persons with spinal cord injuries have many challenges to face due to the shortcomings the existing resource for health care delivery in the post-discharge phase. The research objectives identified for the study were, firstly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries; secondly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of the significant others of persons with spinal cord injuries; and thirdly, to develop a strategy to guide the professional nurse and the health care team in facilitating the health care of persons with spinal cord injuries. The study was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual method of inquiry. The data obtained was used to formulate the strategy with its three sub-strategies to guide professional nurses and the health care team to facilitate renewed resilience and the re-establishment of meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries. Although the experiences of the significant others were explored in order to thicken the description of the experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries, the strategy developed was limited to the persons with spinal cord injuries. Although it is well documented that there are significant physical needs, the themes that emerged from the current research mostly related to psychological and social aspects. In acknowledging the human being as unitary multi-dimensional being, the researcher in his discussions and quest to address the issue of renewed resilience in spinal cord injured persons towards finding purpose and re-establishing meaning in their lives, focused on their psychological, spiritual and social health. The outcome of the study is a strategy constructed to facilitate renewed resilience, and three sub-strategies ‘addressing experienced emotions’, ‘facilitating meaningful relationships’ and ‘facilitating effective coping’. The strategy has as purpose the empowering of spinal injured persons in their efforts to re-establish meaning by serving as a tool to guide professional nurses and members of the health care team in their facilitating of renewed resilience in persons with spinal cord injury. It is envisaged that the co-ordination of the strategy will take place from the health care delivery facility nearest to the spinal cord injured individual concerned. In order for persons with spinal cord injuries to become accountable members of society, all levels and aspects of care aimed at physical, psychological, spiritual and social well-being need to be holistically addressed. The front-line role of the professional nurse is vital as the professional nurse acts as the co-ordinator for the health care team in ensuring that persons with spinal cord injuries receive quality and holistic care in order to deal meaningfully with the life-altering consequences of a spinal cord injury. Through this study, valuable insight was gained with regard to experiences of both persons with spinal cord injuries and that of their significant others. Recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
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Gaitelband, Philip Joseph. "An analysis of the experience of the acute phase of traumatic spinal cord injury in a South African spinal unit." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002487.
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This study aims to explore, and to a certain extent to clarify, what it means psychologically to experience Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in a South African spinal unit. The target time chosen for analysis is the acute medical period. The study presents a review of the literature on psychological adjustment to TSCI and then proceeds to introduce and extensively articulate the hermeneutic approach and methodology. Subsequently, an interpretive research strategy is presented for the purpose of studying the acute phase of TSCI. The data for the study was obtained by means of three dialogical interviews which were tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed with~n a cyclical framework consisting of three interdependent levels. The interpretive procedure is modeled upon the 'reading guide' developed by Brown, Tappan, Gilligan, Miller and Argyris (1989). The analysis follows a course from the individual psychological descriptions of the experience to the generation of a general, nomothetic narrative account of the acute phase. The findings are then discussed in relation to the existing literature and evaluated on the basis of the goals of the study. The study highlights the value of some of the 'stage' ways of thinking about SCI adjustment, while simultaneously stressing the need for placing adjustment within a more personalized, and individually meaningful context. Significant differences between the psycho-physical experiences of patients in the categories of complete and -incomplete SCI were found, which suggests that a sharper distinction be made in the literature between these two groups, in order to account for the marked variations in their experiences.-- The study also contains a number of shortcomings, such as a lack of understanding about certain historical and contextual factors which may have mediated the experiences of the trauma for the individuals concerned. These shortcomings and some suggestions fro their resolution are then discussed. The study concludes with an evaluation of the research strategy and methodology and also offers some suggestions for future research.
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Chan, Chor-Kiu Raymond, and 陳楚僑. "Coping with spinal cord injury: personal and marital adjustment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212773.
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Dutton, Marie Helen 1951. "SPINAL CORD INJURY - THE PATIENT'S VIEW (ETHNOGRAPHY, CHRONIC ILLNESS, IMMOBILITY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291546.
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Tse, Lee-shing Jeffrey, and 謝利城. "Irrational beliefs and psychosocial adjustment of people with spinal cord injuries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015776.
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Wilsmore, Bradley R. "Thermoregulation in people with spinal cord injury." School of Health Sciences - Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, 2007. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/85.
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Thermoafferent information is integrated at multiple levels within the central nervous system. However, due to the difficulty in differentiating thermoregulatory functions of the spinal cord from those of higher centres in humans, the role of the spinal cord in certain aspects of thermoregulation remains unclear. Subjects with spinal cord injury have unique neural changes providing an opportunity to evaluate the role of the spinal cord, independently of higher thermoregulatory centres. Subjects with (N=11) and without (N=11) spinal cord injury were studied in a series of experiments, in which a wide range of local and whole-body temperature changes and postural manipulations were imposed. During these trials, various physiological (skin temperature, core temperature, local sweat rate and sweat expulsion frequency - a measure of central sympathetic drive), and psychophysical variables (thermal sensation and discomfort) were investigated. Six key observations arose from these experiments: (i) Subjects with spinal cord injury had a lower thermoafferent capacity (secondary to neural damage) and a corresponding reduction in thermoefferent drive (sudomotor sensitivity of 4.2 versus 8.8 expulsions•min-1•C-1 in able-bodied; P=0.03). (ii) Equations used to approximate thermoafferent drive in able-bodied subjects, overestimated thermal feedback in subjects with spinal cord injury. However, this could be corrected by modifying the skin area weightings to include only the sensate areas. (iii) No subjects with physiologically-confirmed thermoefferent spinal cord injury displayed sweating from insensate skin sites, indicating that a spinal cord that has been isolated from higher centres cannot induce thermal sweating. (iv) Subjects with spinal cord injury had higher forehead sweat rates (0.77 versus 0.52 mg•cm-2•min-1; P=0.03), but an equivalent sweat sensitivity (1.24 versus 1.27 mg•cm-2•min-1•°C-1; P=0.94), indicating the presence of a peripheral adaptation to sustain thermal homeostasis, and secondary to reduced thermal afferent and efferent flow. (v) Respiratory frequency increased more for a given increase in body temperature in subjects with spinal cord injury (2.4 versus 1.1 breaths•min-1•°C-1; P=0.042), but this did not provide a thermoregulatory benefit. (vi) Subjects with spinal cord injury demonstrated greater changes in behavioural thermoregulatory indicators (thermal sensation and discomfort) in response to standardised local and whole-body thermal loads. Collectively, these observations indicate the unique nature of thermoregulation in people with spinal cord injury and the adaptive ability of the human thermoregulatory system.
7
Zhao, Rongrong. "Chondroitinase ABC, anti-Nogo A, and rehabilitation in spinal cord injury." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610299.
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Granger, Nicolas. "Effects of intraspinal transplantation of mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells in chronic spinal cord injury in domestic dogs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608161.
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Maclachlan, Mirda. "The activity and participation profile of persons with traumatic spinal cord injury in the Cape Metropole, Western Cape, South Africa : a prospective, descriptive study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20352.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the most serious and devastating injuries often resulting in permanent disability and with life changing implications for the individual and his/her family. Successful reintegration into community life and employment after SCI is considered important goals of rehabilitation as this has been positively associated with quality of life, self esteem and life satisfaction. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) allows researchers to identify the impact of environmental factors on functioning and disability. Minimal research, particularly in South Africa, has been done on the impact of the environment on persons living with various health conditions and specifically spinal cord injury. Objectives The main purpose of this study was to describe and compare the level of participation of persons with traumatic SCI at two time points (discharge and six months after discharge) from the inpatient rehabilitation setting and to identify the environmental barriers experienced. Methods A prospective, descriptive study was conducted using consecutive sampling. All patients with traumatic SCI that were discharged from September 1, 2008 from the Western Cape Rehabilitation Centre (WCRC) who were eligible for this study were included. Two questionnaires (one based on the ICF and one purposely-developed) and the International Standards for the Classification of SCI (ISCSCI) were used. Data were analyzed with the statistical software package STATISTICA. Results A person sustaining a traumatic SCI in the Cape Metropolitan area of the Western Cape Province is most likely to be a male, young (20 to 29 years), of the Black or Coloured race and living in the Cape Flats suburbs. More than half of the subjects had a grade eight to ten level of education which together with the lack of employers’ responsibilities towards part-time workers might explain the low percentage (11%) of employment at six months after discharge from the WCRC. Complete paraplegia, occurring mainly in the thoracic cord, was the most common neurological disability found in this study. The most common secondary condition was pain followed by spasticity limiting function. The low incidence of pressure sores and urinary tract infections found in this study contradicts findings of previous studies.The majority of the subjects were discharged to the same house they were living in at the time of their injury. However, due to various architectural barriers, some of them were not able to function independently in their homes. Inaccessibility of public transport, the lack of recreational and sport facilities, lack of social support structures in the community and inadequate financial resources were the main environmental barriers experienced by these individuals. Conclusion The main finding of this study was the low employment rate and the difficulty experienced with reintegration at community level after SCI. The results of this study confirm the significant contribution of environmental factors in participation, especially those of transport and education in return to work. Fourteen years after the publication of the Integrated National Disability Strategy (INDS) White Paper (1997), legislative strategies to ensure that people with disabilities have equal access to social and economic opportunities remain lacking.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Traumatiese spinaalkoordbesering (SKB) lei dikwels tot permanente verlamming en dit het lewensveranderende implikasies vir die individu en sy/haar familie. Suksesvolle herintegrasie in die gemeenskap en werkverrigting na SKB is belangrike doelstellings vir rehabilitasie omdat dit positief met lewenskwaliteit, selfrespek en lewens-bevrediging geassosieer word. Die Internasionale Klassifisering van Funksionering, Gestremdheid en Gesondheid (IKF) bied aan navorsers die geleentheid om die impak van omgewingsfaktore op funksionering en gestremdheid te identifiseer. Daar is veral in Suid-Afrika beperkte navorsing oor die impak van die omgewing op mense met verskillende gesondheidstoestande, spesifiek SKB. Doel Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om die vlak van deelname van mense met traumatiese SKB op twee verskillende tye te beskryf en te vergelyk, onmiddellik na hulle uit die rehabilitasiesentrum ontslaan is, en ses maande later. Die studie het ook ten doel gehad om die omgewingsfaktore te identifiseer wat deelname negatief beïnvloed. Metode Daar is van ’n beskrywende studie gebruik gemaak. Alle pasiënte met traumatiese SKB wat vanaf 1 September 2008 vanaf die Wes-Kaapse Rehabilitasiesentrum (WKRS) ontslaan is en wat voldoen het aan die insluitingskriteria is ingesluit. Twee vraelyste is gebruik om data in te samel – een is op die IKF gebaseer en een is spesifiek vir die studie ontwikkel. Daar is ook van die Internasionale Standaarde vir die Klassifisering van SKB (ISKSKB) gebruik gemaak om data in te samel. Data is met behulp van STATISTICA, ’n statistiese sagteware pakket, geanaliseer. Resultate Iemand wat ’n traumatiese SKB in die Kaapse metropolitaanse gebied van die Wes-Kaap provinsie opdoen, is mees waarskynlik ’n jong man (20 tot 29 jaar) van die Swart of Kleurling ras wat woonagtig in die voorstede op die Kaapse Vlakte is. Meer as die helfte van die deelnemers in die studie het slegs ’n opvoedingsvlak van graad agt tot tien. Hierdie aspek, tesame met die gebrek aan werkgewers se verantwoordelikheid teenoor deeltydse werknemers is dalk die rede waarom slegs 11% van die deelnemers ses maande na hulle uit die WKRS ontslaan is, werksaam was. Volledige paraplegie, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van ’n besering van die torakale spinaalkoord, was die algemeenste neurologiese besering wat in hierdie studie gevind is. Die algemeenste sekondêre komplikasie wat voorgekom het, was pyn gevolg deur spastisiteit. Die lae voorkoms van druksere en urienweginfeksies in dié studie is in teenstelling met bevindings van vorige studies. Die meeste deelnemers is ontslaan na dieselfde huis waar hulle voor die besering gewoon het, maar as gevolg van verskeie argitektoniese hindernisse, kon sommige van hulle nie onafhanklik binne hulle wonings funksioneer nie. Die ontoeganklikheid van openbare vervoer, die gebrek aan ontspannings- en sportfasiliteite, die gebrek aan sosiale ondersteuningsnetwerke in die gemeenskap en onvoldoende finansiële hulpbronne was die algemeenste omgewingshindernisse wat deur die deelnemers ondervind is. Samevatting Die belangrikste bevinding van dié studie was dat slegs ’n klein persentasie van die deelnemers ses maande na hul ontslaan is, werksaam was en dat herintegrasie in die gemeenskap na ’n SKB baie moeilik is. Die resultate van die studie bevestig die belangrike rol wat omgewingsfaktore by deelname speel, veral die faktore wat te make het met vervoer en die opvoedingsvlak wanneer daar na ’n werk teruggekeer word. Veertien jaar na die publikasie van die Geïntegreerde Nasionale Gestremdheidstrategie in 1997, is wetgewende strategieë om gelyke toegang tot sosiale en ekonomiese geleenthede vir persone met gestremdhede te verseker, steeds gebrekkig.
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Reed, Kristin. "Evaluation of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report (QIDS-SR) in a spinal cord injury population." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9045/.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an acute and devastating event that results in significant and permanent life changes for the individuals who are injured, as well as their families and friends. Depression has received more attention from clinicians and researchers than any other psychological issue among persons with SCI. Measurement of depression in this population has a variety of methodological issues, including inconsistent assessments used (self-report versus clinical interviews), varying definitions of depression, inclusion and exclusion of physical symptoms in the assessment process, and use of measures that do not represent DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report (QIDS-SR) and provide descriptive analyses of this measure with persons with SCI. Results showed that somatic symptoms were more frequently endorsed than psychological symptoms in this population. Additionally, scores on the QIDS-SR were significantly associated with a depression diagnosis in the patient's medical chart. However, QIDS-SR scores were not found to be correlated inversely with quality of life scores as predicted. The QIDS-SR was shown to have good internal consistency and convergent validity with patients with SCI. However, it failed to demonstrate construct validity. The QIDS-SR has the potential to be a valid measure with this population and further analysis of the psychometric properties with patients with SCI is warranted.
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Chen, Suzie Szu-Yun Nezu Arthur M. "Is social problem-solving ability a predictor of spinal cord injury pain? /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/617.
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Bakes, Brendan J. "The lived experience of self-intermittent catheterisation in people with spinal cord injury." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/204.
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Self-intermittent catheterisation (SIMC) is one of the most common and safest methods of bladder emptying in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). There is a large amount of literature relating to the biomedical aspects of SIMC, such as infection rates and renal complications. There is however, very little information about how people actually experience SIMC and its effect on their daily lives. Through a series of semi-structured interviews this study describes the lived experience of eight men with spinal cord injuries who perform self-intermittent catheterisation to empty their bladder. The study uses Husserlian phenomenology and Colaizzi's method to analyse data gathered through the interviews. Clusters of similar themes were extracted from the transcribed interviews and reduced into six theme categories. The data showed that SIMC has an effect on almost all aspects of a person's life including work and social lives, their personal relationships and body esteem, even what they drink and how they sleep. The themes are discussed and relevant literature provides a legitimate basis for the issues that arose for participants. New knowledge is detailed and there are recommendations for changes in practice and suggestions for further research.
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Pepper, Melinda Dorothy. "THE EFFECT OF RELAXATION THERAPY ON MUSCLE SPASTICITY IN THE SPINAL CORD INJURED INDIVIDUAL." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275427.
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Meacham, Kathleen Williams. "Selective surface activation of motor circuitry in the injured spinal cord." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26571.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Co-Chair: Shawn Hochman; Committee Co-Chair: Stephen P. DeWeerth; Committee Member: Lena Ting; Committee Member: Robert J. Butera; Committee Member: Robert Lee; Committee Member: Vivian K. Mushahwar. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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White, Brian Dale. "Identifying Changes in Resilience during Rehabilitation from a Spinal Cord Injury." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6039/.
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The study purposes were to identify changes in resilience, satisfaction with life (SWL), depression, spirituality, and functional independence (FI) and to examine the relationship between these variables, during the inpatient rehabilitation for a spinal cord injury (SCI). The sample included 42 individuals with a SCI, 33 males and 9 females, who were inpatients with a mean stay of 52 days (SD = 15.78). A repeated measures design was employed with questionnaires completed at three times during rehabilitation. Results indicated that there were significant changes in depression, satisfaction with life, spirituality, and FI during inpatient rehabilitation. Findings also indicated significant correlations between resilience, SWL, spirituality, and depression. Future studies developing interventions, and examining factors that predict resilience could help build resilience and may improve rehabilitation outcomes.
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Chan, Wing-han Esther, and 陳詠嫻. "Road to recovery: adjustment and services needed for those suffering from spinal cord injury." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250440.
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Falconer, Robert J. "The effect of electrolytic lesion and neural implants on glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the rat spinal cord." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28983.
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This thesis assessed the suitability of unilateral, electrolytic lesions as a model of spinal cord damage and repair in the adult rat. This type of lesion resulted acutely in localized damage in the upper motor neuron at the L2-L3 level of the spinal cord. Minimal acute damage to ascending sensory pathways was indicated by preserved somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by stimulation of the tibial nerve.
Immediately after lesion generation one of several substrates was injected into the lesion cavity. These substrates were saline buffer, liquid collagen solution, foetal spinal cord cells from 14 day old rat embryos, and a mixture of collagen and E 14 foetal spinal cord cells. The 4 groups were compared for functional recovery over 3 months using the inclined plane test and a Tarlov movement scale. After sacrifice, the tibialis anterior muscles were dissected and weighed to assess atrophy due to lower motor neuron injury. After removing and embedding the spinal cords in paraffin, transverse and longitudinal sections were taken for cytoarchitectural investigation. Cresyl violet was used to indicate Nissl substance, Luxol fast blue stained for myelin and anti - glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody revealed the expression of GFAP in the cord sections.
Chronic electrolytic lesions were characterized by the highly variable degree of cavitation, demyelination and macrophage infiltration that was present. There was no significant performance deficit on the inclined plane test in any of the lesioned groups when compared to unoperated animals. The tibialis muscles from all groups were of normal weight, indicating that the lower motor neurons were not significantly damaged by the lesions used. There was, however, a marked decrease in the number of GFAP reactive astrocytes in the lesioned animals when compared to unlesioned controls (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon test). Moreover, this reduction of GFAP - like immunoreactivity was not prevented by implants of foetal neurons, collagen or foetal neurons suspended in collagen. Possible explanations for the reduced GFAP - like immunoreactivity seen in all electrolytically lesioned cords are discussed.Medicine, Faculty of
Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Allbutt, Haydn. "The rat spinal cord following traumatic injury: An anatomical and behavioural study examining NADPH-d and fos." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1335.
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The general aim of this current work was to examine spinal cord injury (SCI), and in particular to examine the pathology of injury as it relates to changes in sensory transmission. Due to the limited possibilities for experimentation in humans, a range of animal models of SCI have been developed and are reviewed here. The weight drop SCI model is the most similar to the clinical presentation of SCI in humans and has been widely used in the rat. It was selected for the series of experiments reported in this thesis. Many of the functional deficits produced by SCI result from a cascade of biochemical events set into motion by the injury. Included amongst these is the activation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase which produces the gaseous neuromodulator, nitric oxide (NO). NO is amongst the most widely distributed and widely utilised molecule in virtually all living organisms, and it is an important signalling molecule in the nervous system. One of the major functions performed by NO appears to relate to sensory transmission, and thus alterations in sensory transmission observed as a result of SCI may involve alterations to NO synthesis. One of the principal aims of this thesis was to examine the effect of SCI on the NO producing cells of the spinal cord and to consider what any changes in NO synthesis may suggest in regards to sensation. NO producing cells were examined using NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. As the symptoms of SCI such as motor loss and changes in sensory processing are functional changes, it was also useful to examine changes in neuronal function as a result of SCI. Widespread neuronal function was examined via immunohistochemical detection of the gene product of the immediate early gene, c-fos. It is not known how extensive the biochemical changes resulting from SCI may be, thus another of the aims of the present thesis was to examine the effects of SCI on NO synthesis not only at the level of injury, but also distant to the injury. Findings of the present thesis indicated that traumatic SCI resulted in a decrease in the number of NADPH-d positive cells from the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord, while the number of these cells are increased in the ventral horn. These changes were restricted to spinal segments adjacent to the injury. Fos expression was also altered by injury and was found to decrease. The most profound changes were found to occur in lamina III, although the other laminae also demonstrated similar changes. Changes in fos expression however were notably more widespread than those for NADPH-d and were not restricted to the level of the injury, occurring at all levels of the spinal cord examined. It was interpreted that alterations in NO synthesis appear to be modulated by the local injury-induced environment while fos expression may be altered by widespread changes to the global level of activity within the central nervous system. Having observed that the number of NADPH-d positive cells of the SDH is reduced following injury, it was of interest to determine whether these cells were in fact killed, or whether they were still present but with reduced NADPH-d activity. Cell counts suggested that the NADPH-d positive cells, which were likely to represent a population of inhibitory interneurons, were not killed following injury, but rather are disrupted such that their normal biochemistry is altered. Since these cells were likely to be inhibitory and were located in laminae involved in sensory transmission, the question arose how disruption of these cells may relate to the neuropathic pain observed to develop following SCI. Thus both NADPH-d and fos expression were again examined, but this time in conjunction with the sensory function of the rats. Sensory thresholds to pain-like behaviour were determined prior to and after injury using Von Frey filaments. Rats that demonstrated a decrease in sensory threshold of at least two Von Frey filament gradations (>70%) were classed as allodynic, while those with a less than a 70% decrease in threshold were classed as non-allodynic. A subpopulation of each of the groups of rats (uninjured, non-allodynic and allodynic) underwent a somatic stimulation paradigm. It was found that stimulation resulted in an increase in the number of NO producing cells but only in the allodynic group of animals. Since this group of animals by definition would perceive this stimulation as noxious, it is likely that the noxious nature of the stimulation resulted in the increased number of NO producing cells observed. This effect occurred only in segments adjacent to the injury. When fos expression was examined in the uninjured animals it was noted that somatic stimulation resulted in a decrease in fos expression, almost exclusively in lamina III. Following injury, there was no change in fos expression in lamina III observed. Instead the only change observed was an increase in fos expression in the deep dorsal horn (DDH, lamina IV and V). This occurred most profoundly in the allodynic group. These results suggested that SCI may lead to misprocessing of sensory signals such that non-noxious somatic stimuli are processed in the DDH rather than lamina III following SCI. It is proposed here that this change in laminae processing may be responsible for the perception of pain towards a non-noxious stimulus, and that the reported injury-induced loss of NO producing inhibitory interneurons in the SDH may be responsible for this alteration in sensory processing following SCI. Sensation is also processed by a number of supraspinal structures and a number of these have been implicated in the development of neuropathic pain states. The effects of SCI on neuronal activity as well as NO synthesis were examined in the periaqueductal grey region of the mid brain (PAG). SCI was shown to result in reduced neuronal activity in the PAG. This reduction in activity did not follow the somatotopy of the lateral column of the PAG (lPAG). It was suggested the reduced activity may not be solely caused by reduced spinal input as a result of SCI. Reduced neuronal activity in the PAG may indicate reduced PAG function, which includes descending modulation of spinal sensory transmission. Injury was not found to alter NADPH-d expression in the PAG. The effect of traumatic lumbar SCI on the parietal (sensorimotor) cortex of the rat was also examined, as loss of inputs following SCI have been shown to result in a profound reorganisation of the cortex. Results indicated that SCI results in a virtual cessation of neuronal activity in areas 1 and 2 of the parietal cortex, likely as a result of lost afferent drive. Theories of cortical plasticity suggest that while the primary inputs via the lumbar spinal cord may be lost following SCI, other less dominants input will remain and become more dominant. It has been proposed previously that cortical reorganisation involves a rapid reorganisation of the entire sensory system. It was interpreted that a similar process may explain the system-wide reduction in neuronal activity observed in the present series of studies.
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Allbutt, Haydn. "The rat spinal cord following traumatic injury: An anatomical and behavioural study examining NADPH-d and fos." University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1335.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThe general aim of this current work was to examine spinal cord injury (SCI), and in particular to examine the pathology of injury as it relates to changes in sensory transmission. Due to the limited possibilities for experimentation in humans, a range of animal models of SCI have been developed and are reviewed here. The weight drop SCI model is the most similar to the clinical presentation of SCI in humans and has been widely used in the rat. It was selected for the series of experiments reported in this thesis. Many of the functional deficits produced by SCI result from a cascade of biochemical events set into motion by the injury. Included amongst these is the activation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase which produces the gaseous neuromodulator, nitric oxide (NO). NO is amongst the most widely distributed and widely utilised molecule in virtually all living organisms, and it is an important signalling molecule in the nervous system. One of the major functions performed by NO appears to relate to sensory transmission, and thus alterations in sensory transmission observed as a result of SCI may involve alterations to NO synthesis. One of the principal aims of this thesis was to examine the effect of SCI on the NO producing cells of the spinal cord and to consider what any changes in NO synthesis may suggest in regards to sensation. NO producing cells were examined using NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. As the symptoms of SCI such as motor loss and changes in sensory processing are functional changes, it was also useful to examine changes in neuronal function as a result of SCI. Widespread neuronal function was examined via immunohistochemical detection of the gene product of the immediate early gene, c-fos. It is not known how extensive the biochemical changes resulting from SCI may be, thus another of the aims of the present thesis was to examine the effects of SCI on NO synthesis not only at the level of injury, but also distant to the injury. Findings of the present thesis indicated that traumatic SCI resulted in a decrease in the number of NADPH-d positive cells from the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord, while the number of these cells are increased in the ventral horn. These changes were restricted to spinal segments adjacent to the injury. Fos expression was also altered by injury and was found to decrease. The most profound changes were found to occur in lamina III, although the other laminae also demonstrated similar changes. Changes in fos expression however were notably more widespread than those for NADPH-d and were not restricted to the level of the injury, occurring at all levels of the spinal cord examined. It was interpreted that alterations in NO synthesis appear to be modulated by the local injury-induced environment while fos expression may be altered by widespread changes to the global level of activity within the central nervous system. Having observed that the number of NADPH-d positive cells of the SDH is reduced following injury, it was of interest to determine whether these cells were in fact killed, or whether they were still present but with reduced NADPH-d activity. Cell counts suggested that the NADPH-d positive cells, which were likely to represent a population of inhibitory interneurons, were not killed following injury, but rather are disrupted such that their normal biochemistry is altered. Since these cells were likely to be inhibitory and were located in laminae involved in sensory transmission, the question arose how disruption of these cells may relate to the neuropathic pain observed to develop following SCI. Thus both NADPH-d and fos expression were again examined, but this time in conjunction with the sensory function of the rats. Sensory thresholds to pain-like behaviour were determined prior to and after injury using Von Frey filaments. Rats that demonstrated a decrease in sensory threshold of at least two Von Frey filament gradations (>70%) were classed as allodynic, while those with a less than a 70% decrease in threshold were classed as non-allodynic. A subpopulation of each of the groups of rats (uninjured, non-allodynic and allodynic) underwent a somatic stimulation paradigm. It was found that stimulation resulted in an increase in the number of NO producing cells but only in the allodynic group of animals. Since this group of animals by definition would perceive this stimulation as noxious, it is likely that the noxious nature of the stimulation resulted in the increased number of NO producing cells observed. This effect occurred only in segments adjacent to the injury. When fos expression was examined in the uninjured animals it was noted that somatic stimulation resulted in a decrease in fos expression, almost exclusively in lamina III. Following injury, there was no change in fos expression in lamina III observed. Instead the only change observed was an increase in fos expression in the deep dorsal horn (DDH, lamina IV and V). This occurred most profoundly in the allodynic group. These results suggested that SCI may lead to misprocessing of sensory signals such that non-noxious somatic stimuli are processed in the DDH rather than lamina III following SCI. It is proposed here that this change in laminae processing may be responsible for the perception of pain towards a non-noxious stimulus, and that the reported injury-induced loss of NO producing inhibitory interneurons in the SDH may be responsible for this alteration in sensory processing following SCI. Sensation is also processed by a number of supraspinal structures and a number of these have been implicated in the development of neuropathic pain states. The effects of SCI on neuronal activity as well as NO synthesis were examined in the periaqueductal grey region of the mid brain (PAG). SCI was shown to result in reduced neuronal activity in the PAG. This reduction in activity did not follow the somatotopy of the lateral column of the PAG (lPAG). It was suggested the reduced activity may not be solely caused by reduced spinal input as a result of SCI. Reduced neuronal activity in the PAG may indicate reduced PAG function, which includes descending modulation of spinal sensory transmission. Injury was not found to alter NADPH-d expression in the PAG. The effect of traumatic lumbar SCI on the parietal (sensorimotor) cortex of the rat was also examined, as loss of inputs following SCI have been shown to result in a profound reorganisation of the cortex. Results indicated that SCI results in a virtual cessation of neuronal activity in areas 1 and 2 of the parietal cortex, likely as a result of lost afferent drive. Theories of cortical plasticity suggest that while the primary inputs via the lumbar spinal cord may be lost following SCI, other less dominants input will remain and become more dominant. It has been proposed previously that cortical reorganisation involves a rapid reorganisation of the entire sensory system. It was interpreted that a similar process may explain the system-wide reduction in neuronal activity observed in the present series of studies.
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Wong, Sze-wing Julia. "Quality of life in spinal cord injured clients in Hong Kong." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31973012.
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Nock, Bonnie J. (Bonnie Jean). "Echocardiographic Assessment of the Left Ventricle in the Spinal Cord Injured Patient." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500420/.
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Ten caucasian male quadriplegics were compared with eight sedentary caucasian male controls in regards to left ventricular dimensions and mass obtained from echocardiograrns. The interventricular septum (IVS), left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) and left ventricular internal diameter (LVII) were within normal limits for both groups. However, the INS in the SCI were significantly thicker than controls (p <0.05). Myocardial thickness was larger in SCI subjects (p <0.05). Absolute left ventricular mass (LVM) and total left ventricular volume was not different ( p > 0.05), but SCI subjects had significantly greater LVM to lean body mass ratios. Echocardiographically, SCI patients demonstrate concentric hypertrophy. This suggests adaptive response to chronic increase in afterload pressure secondary to their daily activities and muscle spasticity.
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Jin, Ying, and 金瑩. "Neuronal survival and axonal regeneration of the lateral vestibular nucleus in rats after spinal cord injury." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237113.
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Garner, Ashley Nicole. "The Role of Injury-related Injustice Perception in Adjustment to Spinal Cord Injury: an Exploratory Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822837/.
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Research has begun to explore the presence and role of health-related injustice perceptions in samples of individuals who experience chronic pain associated with traumatic injury. Existing studies indicate that higher level of injustice perception is associated with poorer physical and psychosocial outcomes. However, to date, few clinical populations have been addressed. The aim of the current study was to explore injustice perceptions in a sample of individuals who have sustained a spinal cord injury (SCI), as research suggests that such individuals are likely to experience cognitive elements characteristic of injustice perception (e.g., perceptions of irreparable loss, blame, and unfairness). The study explored the relationship between participants’ level of perceived injustice and several variables associated with outcomes following SCI (depression, pain, and disability) at initial admission to a rehabilitation unit and at three months following discharge. The Injustice Experience Questionnaire was used to measure injustice perceptions. IEQ was found to significantly contribute to depression and anger at baseline. IEQ significantly contributed to depression, present pain intensity, and anger at follow-up. The implication of these preliminary findings may be beneficial for development of future interventions, as many individuals in the United States experience the lifelong physical and psychological consequences of SCI at a high personal and public cost.
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Love, Janine Ann. "Respiratory management of the mechanically ventilated spinal cord injured patient in a critical care unit." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008451.
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Background: Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs) are traumatic, life-changing injuries that can affect every aspect of an individual's life and can lead to death if not treated timeously and appropriately. Respiratory complications occur frequently after the SCI and are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Respiratory complications are predictable based on the neurological level of impairment of the spinal cord lesion; the higher the neurological injury, the more severe the respiratory complication. Changes in pulmonary function, poor cough, hypersecretion, immobility and bronchospasm all contribute to the development of respiratory complications. If the patient is unable to protect his/her airway or if respiratory failure occurs, mechanical ventilation is often required. Many patients require prolonged ventilation and subsequently need to go for tracheostomies. The critical care nurse plays an important role in the early identification of complications and can, therefore, act to limit and prevent these complications, which may be a direct result from the injury or treatment modality such as mechanical ventilation. Respiratory management has been promoted in preventing and treating respiratory complications and is associated with better prognosis in the SCI patient. Design and method: The research study aims to explore and describe existing literature and to make recommendations for the respiratory management of a mechanically ventilated spinal cord injured patient in a critical care unit (CCU). A systematic review was undertaken with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical principles were maintained throughout the study. The quality of the study was ensured by critically appraising data that was utilized in the systematic review. It is envisaged that the results from this systematic review will improve the respiratory management of the SCI patient and prevent any variations in practice. Results: Were presented under the following themes: priorities of care for the SCI patient in the acute phase, during the critical care phase and preventative care. Conclusion: The SCI patient regardless of the neurological level or completeness of injury should be admitted to the CCU for intensive ventilatory, cardiopulmonary support and hemodynamic monitoring in order to detect and prevent respiratory complications. The use of larger tidal volumes is associated with improved comfort and less dyspnea however if a patient has acute lung injury or ARDS the use of low tidal volumes 6ml/kg is recommended. Prevention and early identification of respiratory complications is associated with improved outcomes for the SCI patient.
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易亮華 and Leung-wah Yick. "Promotion of neuronal survival and axonal regeneration in Clarke's nucleus after spinal cord injury in adult rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239651.
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Njoki, Emmah. "Health promotion needs of youth with physical disabilities with specific reference to spinal cord injury in the Western Cape -- South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study aimed to determine health promotion needs of physically disabled youth with spinal cord injury. The study specifically explored health-related behaviours with reference to participation in physical activity and substance usage, factors that influenced these behaviours and major issues that needed to be targeted in health promotion.
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Schafer, Carol Linda. "Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25845.
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Wheelchair-bound paraplegics are in an unnatural, almost all-day sitting position. This is physiologically disadvantageous as it may cause increased abdominal pressure, renal dysfunction, pressure sores, muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. Thus it would be beneficial, physiologically and psychologically, for a paraplegic to be able to stand for temporary periods of time. As a result of the muscle atrophy and functional degeneration that follows a spinal cord injury, it is essential for paraplegics to undergo a muscle restrengthening program, using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS), before standing up under FNS control can be attempted. Six healthy spinal cord injured subjects with spinal lesions between CS and T9 (two tetraplegics and four paraplegics) exercised their quadriceps muscles at home using a portable two-channel FNS muscle stimulator. The muscles were exercised against an increasing load to maximise the training effect. Inclined standing exercise, under FNS control, was performed in the Inclistand. The subjects' general state of health and fitness were assessed, namely their responses during a maximal arm ergometry exercise test, arm muscle function, lung function, blood biochemistry and their dietary habits. Subjects have shown improvement in quadriceps muscle strength, fatigue resistance and muscle bulk to varying degrees - according to their individual circumstances. The tetraplegics responded in a different manner to that of the paraplegics. The muscle strength increased significantly by a mean (+SD) of 97,8 + 59,6% and 171,2 + 118,1% for the four paraplegics, left and right leg respectively. There was a mean improvement of 16% in fatigue resistance in the left leg (p=0,08), while the mean response of the right leg varied. Quadriceps muscle bulk increased by 4,43 + 3,4% (left) and 2,7 + 2,1% (right) (0,05<p<0,l). The amount of subcutaneous fat around the mid-thigh decreased significantly by 4,73 + 1,4% (left) and 3,43 + 1,1% (right leg). The group was in a state of general well-being, with the exception of one subject whose serum cholesterol concentration fell within the high risk category. This study therefore showed that the FNS was sucessful in improving the quadriceps muscle strength, bulk and fatigue response of the SCI people in our research group. The valuable experience gained from this FNS study will be used to improve the present program.
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Abdinor, Nicolette Jeanne. "The effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy in improving psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury : a review of the literature." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50140.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The traumatic nature of spinal cord injury (SCI) imposes major and permanent life changes that necessitate physical, social and vocational adjustments for the individual, as well as placing strain on the family. The importance of psychological aspects of adjustment and rehabilitation has progressively become recognised as an integral part of facilitating a higher quality of life for individuals and their families living with SCI. While it has been established that psychological disturbance is not an inevitable long-term consequence of SCI, researchers have found that a proportion of this population has marked difficulty adapting psychologically to their new lifestyle and the challenges it poses. It has been found that the SCI population has an increased risk for divorce, substance abuse, self-neglect and suicide. In the mid-1990's, researchers involved in SCI rehabilitation started developing cognitivebehaviour therapy (CBT) interventions to assist individuals with their psychological adjustment to the traumatic injury. Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) cognitive theory of stress and coping has been the theoretical grounding for some of these interventions. The primary objective of this literature review is to ascertain the effectiveness of CBT in assisting individuals with their psychological adjustment to SCI and to make recommendations for future research in this area.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die traumatiese aard van 'n spinale koord besering (SKB) veroorsaak 'n beduidende en permanente lewensverandering, wat fisieke-, sosiale- en werksaanpassing vir die individu verg, asook spanning op die familie plaas. Die belangrikheid van sielkundige aspekte rakende aanpassing en rehabilitasie word toenemend herken as 'n integrale deel in die fasilitering van 'n hoër kwaliteit van lewe vir die individue en hulle families wat lewe met 'n SKB. Alhoewel daar gevind is dat sielkundige versteuring nie 'n noodwendige langtermyn gevolg van 'n SKB is nie, het navorsers wel gevind dat 'n gedeelte van die populasie beduidende sielkundige aanpassingsprobleme ervaar ten opsigte van hul nuwe lewenstyl en uitdagings. Daar is gevind dat die SKB populasie 'n verhoogde risiko loop vir egskeidings, substansmisbruik, self-verwaarlosing en selfmoord. In die middel van die 1990's, het SKB- en rehabilitasie-navorsers kognitiewe-gedragsterapie (KGT) intervensies ontwikkelom individue te help met sielkundige aanpassing na 'n SKB. Lazarus en Folkman's (1984) se kognitiewe teorie oor stres en streshantering, het die teoretiese grondslag gevorm vir sommige van hierdie intervensies. Die primêre doel van hierdie literatuuroorsig is om die effektiwiteit van KGT te bepaal in die ondersteuning van individue met sielkundige aanpassing na SKB, en om voorstelle te maak oor toekomstige navorsing wat met hierdie onderwerp verband hou.
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Lee, Hyun-Jung. "Delivery of thermostabilized chondroitinase ABC enhances axonal sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31734.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Ravi V. Bellamkonda; Committee Member: Andreas Bommarius; Committee Member: Andrés J. García; Committee Member: Niren Murthy; Committee Member: Robert J. McKeon. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Xiao, Qi, and 肖琦. "Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPS) mediate cellular response and regulate neural stem cell differentiation after acute spinal cordinjury in the adult mice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290446.
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Borges, Mariane 1989. "Composição corporal segmentar em atletas com lesão na medula espinhal." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274689.
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Orientador: José Irineu GorlaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: Pessoas com Lesão na Medula Espinhal (LME) apresentam importantes alterações na composição corporal (CC), como o aumento da massa gorda e redução da massa magra. O monitoramento destas alterações através da avaliação é preponderante tanto para se atingir o desempenho esportivo desejado quanto para a saúde destes indivíduos. No entanto, ainda não existe um consenso sobre métodos de campo confiáveis de avaliação da CC nesta população e existe uma variedade de técnicas para uso em laboratório, que dificulta a proposta de indicadores referenciais. Desta forma, os objetivos do presente estudo foram verificar os principais métodos e alterações da CC em indivíduos com LME através de uma revisão de literatura; verificar o perfil da CC de atletas de handebol e rugby em cadeira de rodas com LME e analisar a aplicabilidade do método de pregas cutâneas em comparação aos resultados obtidos pela densitometria óssea (DXA). Para se atingir o primeiro objetivo os estudos relevantes para a revisão foram levantados nas bases de dados Pubmed e Science Direct até maio de 2014. Sendo que foram incluídos 38 estudos, destes, 29 estudos utilizaram como método de analise da CC a densitometria óssea, considerado um método válido para a análise da CC nesta população. Quanto aos métodos de campo, os estudos indicam que o IMC e as equações de predição subestimam a gordura corporal nesta população já a circunferência abdominal e a relação cintura-quadril podem predizer a gordura visceral e risco de doenças cardiovasculares. No que tange às alterações na composição corporal os estudos apontaram para um aumento significativo da massa (MG) e diminuição da massa magra (MM) corporal e regional devido à inatividade física e atrofia causada por desuso nos membros paralisados. A fim de verificar o perfil da CC de atletas com LME participaram deste estudo 12 indivíduos sendo, oito atletas de rugby em cadeira de rodas com tetraplegia e quatro atletas de handebol em cadeira de rodas com paraplegia. Desta forma pode-se observar acúmulo de gordura na região do tronco e de membros inferiores, sendo que a massa corporal (r=0,75, p=0,00) e o tempo de lesão (r=0,73, p=0,00) se mostraram influenciadores do acúmulo de gordura na região do tronco. A fim de analisar a aplicabilidade do método de pregas cutâneas verificou-se a relação entre as variáveis antropométricas e da composição corporal (DXA) e em seguida as variáveis com correlação ? 0,70 (r) foram incluídas em modelos de regressão linear e as variáveis que apresentaram coeficiente de determinação R² ? 0,70, foram incluídas em gráficos de Bland Altman a fim de verificar a concordância entre os métodos. Desta forma, constatou-se que somente as pregas cutâneas biciptal (r²= 0,71, p= 0,00), subscapular (r²= 0,83, p=0,00) e abdominal (r²= 0,70, p= 0,00) mostraram-se possíveis preditoras da massa gorda do tronco por DXA. Portanto, no que se refere à população estudada, podemos identificar que aparentemente o método antropométrico de pregas cutâneas possui limitações de forma que não estima precisamente os componentes da composição corporal segmentar
Abstract: People with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) show some changes in body composition (BC) profile, such as the increasing in fat mass and reduced lean body mass. The monitoring of this change by assessing is important both to achieve the desired performance sport for healthy such as individuals. However, there is still no consensus on reliable field assessment methods BC this population and there is a variety of techniques for laboratory use which hinders the proposed reference indicators. Thus, the objectives of this study were to check the main methods and changes of BC in individuals with SCI through a literature review; check the profile of BC handball athletes and rugby wheelchair with SCI and analyze the applicability of the skinfold thickness method of comparing the results obtained by bone densitometry (DXA). To achieve the first objective relevant studies for review were raised in Pubmed and Science Direct until May 2014. Being that were included 38 studies, of these, 29 studies used as BC method of analysis bone densitometry, considered a valid method for the analysis of BC this population. As for field methods, studies indicate that the BMI and the prediction equations underestimate body fat in this population already waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio may predict visceral fat and risk of cardiovascular disease. Regarding the changes in body composition studies indicated a significant increase in fat mass and decreased lean mass and regional body due to physical inactivity and atrophy caused by disuse in paralyzed limbs. In order to verify the BC profile of athletes with SCI, participated in this study 12 individuals (eight quadriplegic wheelchair rugby athletes and four paraplegic wheelchair handball athletes). Therefore it can be observed accumulation of fat in the trunk and lower limbs and body mass (r = 0.75, p = 0.00) and time of injury (r = 0.73, p = 0.00) proved influencers of fat accumulation in the region trunk. In order to verify the applicability of the skinfold thickness there was a relationship between the anthropometric variables and body composition (DXA), and then the variables with correlation coefficients ? 0.70 (r) were included in the linear regression models and the variables that presented coefficient of determination R² ? 0.70 were included in graphs Bland Altman in order to verify the agreement between the methods. Thus it was found that only the skinfold thickness bicipital (r² = 0.71, p = 0.00), subscapular (r² = 0.83, p = 0.00) and abdominal (r² = 0.70; p = 0.00) were possible predictors of the trunk fat mass by DXA. Therefore, with regard to the study population, we identified that apparently the anthropometric method skinfold thickness has limitations so that not precisely estimates the components of the segmental body composition
Mestrado
Atividade Fisica Adaptada
Mestra em Educação Física
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Simon, Crystal Michelle. "Investigation of plasma membrane compromise and citicoline-mediated repair after spinal cord injury repair." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28276.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: LaPlaca, Michelle; Committee Member: Backus, Deborah; Committee Member: Bellamkonda, Ravi; Committee Member: Lee, Robert; Committee Member: Prausnitz, Mark.
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Wolf, Amy. "In Vitro Studies of Nuclear Changes in Mammalian CNS Neurons Subjected to Rapid Acceleration Impact Injury." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278044/.
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An in vitro model of Rapid Acceleration Impact (RAI) Injury was used to study the effects of multiple impact (220 g/impact, 3-5 sec intervals) trauma on cultures of murine CNS cells. Investigations with spinal cord cultures showed that 1) multiple impacts delivered tangential to the plane of cell growth caused neuronal death (12% after 3 impacts to 46% after 10 impacts); 2) multiple impacts delivered normal to the plane of cell growth were much less effective (8% dead after 10 impacts); 3) most neuronal death occurred within 15 minutes after injury 4) morphological changes observed included increased nuclear prominence and somal swelling; and 5) pretreatment with ketamine (0.1mM) reduced cell death from 51 to 14% and reduced somal swelling. Identical studies performed on cortical cultures revealed minimal differences between the two tissues in their response to multiple tangential impacts.
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Ross, Kyla Turpin. "Quantitative Analysis of Feedback During Locomotion." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14110.
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It is known that muscles possess both intrinsic and reflexive responses to stretch, both of which have been studied extensively. While much is known about heterogenic and autogenic reflexes during XER, these have not been well characterized during locomotion. In this study, we mapped the distribution of autogenic and heterogenic feedback in hindlimb extensor muscles using muscle stretch in the spontaneously locomoting premammillary decerebrate cat. We used natural stimulation and compared stretch-evoked force responses obtained during locomotion with those obtained during XER. The goal was to ascertain whether feedback was modulated between the two states. We found that heterogenic feedback pathways, particularly those emanating from MG, remained inhibitory during locomotion while autogenic feedback specifically in MG increases in gain. Furthermore, increases in MG gain were due to force-dependent mechanisms. This suggests that rather than an abrupt transition from inhibition to excitation with changes in motor tasks, these pathways coexist and contribute to maintaining interjoint coordination. Increases in autogenic gain provide a localized loading reflex to contribute to the completion of the movement. The results of these experiments are clinically significant, particularly for the rehabilitation of spinal cord injured patients. To effectively administer treatment and therapy for patients with compromised spinal reflexes, a complete understanding of the circuitry is required.
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Cacho, Enio Walker Azevedo. "O efeito do treino de marcha com estimulação eletrica neuromuscular na atividade eletromiografica de pacientes paraplegicos." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313756.
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Orientador: Alberto Cliquet JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O efeito do treino de marcha através da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) em pacientes com lesão da medula espinhal (LME) tem sido bem estabelecido. A medula espinhal humana reconhece apropriadas informações sensoriais e pode modular respostas motoras que facilitam a locomoção através do treinamento de marcha EENM assistido. Neste trabalho, dez pacientes (9 homens e uma mulher; 19 - 40 anos) com LME crônica (7 completas e 3 incompletas, nível neurológico abaixo de TI) foram avaliados no Laboratório de Biomecânica e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor/Unicamp, no início e no fim de um programa de 30 sessões de treinamento de marcha assistido com EENM. Instrumentos utilizados para mensuração foram: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), Escala de Capacidade de Deambulação, Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), Escala Modificada de Ashworth e o Registro Multicanais da Eletromiografia de superficie (EMG) dos músculos sóleos (SO), gastrocnêmios mediais (GA) e tibiais anteriores (TA) bilaterais. Os resultados demonstraram uma melhora do padrão EMG nos músculos GA e SO, durante a fase de apoio, e uma significante redução na fase de oscilação. A melhora no padrão EMG do TA ocorreu apenas à esquerda. Os resultados sugerem que o treino de marcha assistido com EENM pode induzir mudanças nos centros medulares espinhais
Abstract: The useful effect of locomotion training through neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) has already been established. The human spinal cord recognizes the appropriate sensorial information and can modulate responses about the motor pool which facilitates walking under NMES training. In this series, ten patients (9 male and 1 female; 19 - 40 yrs-old) with chronic spinal cord injury (seven complete and three incompIete, neurologic leveI beIow T2) were evaluated at the Biomechanics & Rehabilitation Lab./University Hospital-Unicamp: first as soon as the patients joined the Programme and after 30 NMES based gait sessions. Clinical protocoIs of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), Ability Ambulation Scale, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Modified Ashworth Scale and the multichannel register surface of Electromyography (EMG) of muscIe soIeous (SO), gastrocnemious medialis (GA) and tibialis anterior (TA) were assessed. Results demonstrated an improvement in the EMG pattem of GA and TO muscles, during the stance phase and a significant decrease in the swing phase. Improvement in the EMG pattem in the TA muscle occurs just in the Ieft leg. Results suggest that gait training with NMES does induce changes in the spinal cord neural center, thus triggering the recovering of functional abilities/gait of paraplegics
Mestrado
Pesquisa Experimental
Mestre em Cirurgia
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Dias, Erich de Castro. "Proteoma comparativo da medula espinhal lombar de ratos submetidos a lesão nervosa periferica durante o periodo pos-natal." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314764.
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Orientador: Jose Camillo NovelloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Neurotraumas periféricos, situação recorrente atualmente na humanidade, resultam em reorganizações e modificações tanto do sistema nervoso periférico que foi lesado quanto do sistema nervoso central, mais especificamente da medula espinhal na tentativa de reparar o dano gerado. O período pós-natal apresenta intensa plasticidade neuronal medular já que é o intervalo no qual a medula espinhal apresenta a maior capacidade de sofrer alterações e rearranjos dependentes de estímulos internos e externos, sendo assim, podem ocorrer modificações em seu desenvolvimento. Logo, este período é considerado ideal para estudos dos mecanismos envolvidos na degeneração e em possíveis reparos do tecido nervoso após um neurotrauma periférico. Visando contribuir para a elucidação dos mecanismos de neurodegeneração, este trabalho propôs um enfoque proteômico, área que na era pós-genômica tornou-se essencial tanto para a compreensão dos mecanismos que regem um organismo quanto para a análise comparativa entre duas condições contrastantes no mesmo organismo. Utilizando-se uma combinação entre as duas técnicas mais clássicas e usuais em estudos de proteoma, a eletroforese de duas dimensões e a espectrometria de massas, estudou-se o perfil proteômico da medula espinhal de ratos com sete dias de vida em duas situações distintas, uma que sofreu axotomia do nervo ciático com dois dias de vida, e a outra que não sofreu tal lesão, com a finalidade de conhecer as proteínas diferencialmente expressas nas duas classes e sugerir suas prováveis funções biológicas. Dentre essas, foram identificadas proteínas responsáveis diretamente e indiretamente pela desintoxicação celular e combate as espécies reativas de oxigênio como a catalase, a glutationa S-trasnferase Mu1 e a glicose 6-fosfato 1-desidrogenase, além da proteína dissulfeto isomeraseA3 que participa do processo oxidativo. Proteínas estruturais como a tubulina ß-5 e a anexina A6 também foram identificadas. Infere-se, dessa forma, que essas e outras proteínas podem representar alvos moleculares importantes para futuros tratamentos visando à diminuição da degeneração e o reparo de uma lesão nervosa periférica.
Abstract: Peripheral neurotraumas are a common situation nowadays in humanity. These nerve damages results in reorganizations and modifications over the own injured peripheral nerve system and over the central nerve system, more specifically over the spinal cord due the attempt to repair the damage. The post-natal period shows intense neuronal plasticity on spinal cord because the spinal cord ability to suffer alterations and rearrangements due internal and external stimuli, therefore maybe occur modifications in your development. Therefore, this period is ideal for study the involved mechanisms in nerve degeneration and nerve tissue repair after a neurotrauma. Trying to contribute with the degeneration mechanisms elucidation, this study proposed a proteomic approach, field which in the post-genomic era has become essential for both, to understanding all the pathways which controls an organism as to comparative analysis between two different conditions of the same organism. Using the two most useful and classical techniques combination for proteomics labor, which are two dimension electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, was studied a seven days of life rat's spinal cord proteomic profile in two different situations: in the first, the rats had suffered sciatic nerve section with two days of life and other that the rats had not suffered any trauma in sciatic nerve. The purpose is to know the differentially expressed proteins in the two classes and suggest their probable biological functions. Among these, proteins directly responsible for the cell detoxification and combat the reactive oxygen species were identified, like a catalase, a Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 and a Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase. Structural proteins like a ß-5 Tubulin and Protein disulfide isomerase A3 were indentified too. Thus it, these and other proteins could represent important molecular targets to future treatments aiming the post trauma degeneration decrease and the peripheral nerve injury repair.
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Beck, Eddy Krueger. "Influência dos parâmetros estimulatórios na eficiência da contração muscular evocada pela estimulação elétrica funcional em pessoas hígidas ou com lesão medular." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1045.
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CAPESIntrodução: A estimulação elétrica funcional (FES) é aplicada a pessoas portadoras de lesão medular (LM) com o objetivo de gerar movimentos funcionais artificialmente. A Mecanomiografia (MMG) mede a oscilação do músculo durante a contração. Os padrões estimulatórios são determinados pelos parâmetros: períodos on e off do pulso e do burst e suas amplitudes. Durante a sessão de aplicação da FES, o tecido neuromuscular responde de forma variada em decorrência de alterações fisiológicas como fadiga muscular e/ou adaptação do motoneurônio. Objetivo: na pesquisa desenvolvida, investigou-se a influência dos parâmetros estimulatórios na eficiência da contração muscular evocada pela FES em voluntários hígidos e portadores de lesão medular. Materiais e Métodos: participaram da pesquisa 10 voluntários hígidos (VHs) e 10 voluntários com LM (VLMs) com sensores de MMG posicionados sobre os ventres musculares dos músculos reto femoral e vasto lateral. Os estímulos elétricos foram aplicados sobre o nervo femoral para ativação do músculo quadríceps. Foram testados cinco padrões estimulatórios em dias diferentes, com oito contrações evocadas artificialmente e divididas em duas sessões com intervalo de 15 min entre elas. Resultados: foi proposto um índice de eficiência de FES com (1) o tempo de estimulação, (2) a menor variação angular e (3) a menor divergência dos descritores de MMG: frequência mediana (Median Frequency) e valor eficaz (Root Mean Square). Os padrões estimulatórios que apresentaram maior eficiência são os de 50 Hz para VHs e 70 Hz para VLMs, por manterem a contração evocada artificialmente por (1) maior tempo, com menor (2) variação angular e (3) resposta mecanomiográfica com menor alteração. Conclusões: conclui-se que os padrões estimulatórios empregando frequências de 50 Hz para VHs e de 70 Hz para VLMs foram mais eficientes na contração artificial por meio da FES.
Introduction: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is applied to people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in order to artificially evoque functional movements. Mechanomyography (MMG) measures the oscillation of the muscle during contraction. The stimulatory profiles are controlled by the parameters: active and rest periods of the pulse and the burst and their amplitude. During the period of application of FES, the neuromuscular tissue responds in different ways, due to physiological changes such as muscle fatigue and/or adaptation of motor neurons. Objective: In the research developed, we investigated the influence of simulatory parameters on the efficiency of muscle contraction evoked by FES in healthy volunteers and patients with spinal cord injury. Materials and Methods: The healthy volunteers (HV) and ten subjects with SCI participated of the study. The MMG sensors were placed over the belly of the rectus femoris muscle and vastus lateralis. The electrical stimuli were yielded on the femoral nerve in order to activate quadriceps muscle. Five FES profiles were tested on different days with eight artificially evoked contractions divided into two sessions with an interval of fifteen minutes apart. Results: was proposed a FES efficiency index based on (1) stimulation time, (2) lower angular variation and (3) lower divergence of MMG descriptors: Median Frequency (MF) and Root Mean Square (RMS) value. FES profiles that showed better efficiency are: burst frequency of 50 Hz for HV and 70 Hz for SCI volunteers. They kept the contraction artificially evoked for (1) longer time, (2) lower angular variation of and (3) mechanomyographic response with minor modification. Conclusions: we conclude thar stimulatory profiles using frequencies of 50 Hz for HV and 70 Hz for SCI volunteers were more efficient for evoking contraction artificially.
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Parker, S. "The impact of emotional support offered during rehabilitation on the long-term quality of life and satisfaction with living of individuals with spinal cord injury : an exploratory study of individuals re-employed in the South African National Defence Force." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1152.
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Levy, Beatriz de Freitas Azevedo. "Efeitos das células de schwann cultivadas e tratadas com o pedf no trofismo de neurônios medulares cultivados e na recuperação motora de ratos submetidos ao trauma contuso da medula espinal pelo impactor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-15012009-160608/.
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O presente estudo objetivou a avaliação do potencial regenerativo e trófico das CS e do fator neurotrófico PEDF sobre os neurônios da medula espinal através da cultura destas células in vitro assim como no modelo experimental da lesão medular contusa in vivo. CS foram cultivadas a partir de fragmentos de nervo ciático de ratos adultos jovens. As culturas primárias foram purificadas e utilizadas em experimentos in vitro e in vivo. Para avaliar se a cultura de CS tratadas com o PEDF proporciona o trofismo dos neurônios da medula espinal, estes foram cultivados a partir de fragmentos da medula espinal de ratos Wistar neonatos e tratados com o meio condicionado das CS (MCCS) pré-tratadas ou não com formas específicas do PEDF. A resposta trófica foi estudada através da quantificação do número de células bem como da área dos prolongamentos e dos corpos celulares dos neurônios cultivados sobreviventes no decurso temporal da cultura, utilizando-se método estereológico específico. Em outra série de experimentos, Ratos Wistar adultos foram submetidos à lesão medular contusa no 10º-11° segmento torácico pelo sistema NYU Impactor e tratados com inoculações locais de CS e do seu meio condicionado na presença ou não do PEDF. Ao término do procedimento cirúrgico, os ratos foram submetidos aos testes do comportamento BBB, CBS durante 6 semanas. Os tratamentos aplicados à cultura de neurônios da medula espinal demonstraram que o MCCS, pré-tratado ou não com diferentes formas moleculares do PEDF e os fatores por si só possuem ações tróficas e plásticas em relação aos neurônios da medula espinal. Foi observado que o MCCS exerceu um efeito de arborização e de trofismo sobre o corpo neuronal dos neurônios medulares, sendo que este efeito foi potencializado quando o MCCS foi obtido a partir de CS pré-tratadas com os fatores nPEDF ou coPEDF, e de intensidade ainda maior quando as formas puras dos fatores em questão foram adicionadas à cultura. Os animais submetidos ao trauma contuso da medula espinal que foram tratados com a inoculação das CS, pré-tratadas ou não com o nPEDF, do meio condicionado destas células e dos fatores nPEDF e coPEDF apresentaram melhor recuperação funcional em relação ao grupo controle. A partir dos dados obtidos neste trabalho pode-se dizer que as CS, seu meio condicionado e o PEDF possuem ações importantes sobre os neurônios da medula espinal, possibilitando a modulação do processo de recuperação funcional deste órgão após o trauma.The present study aimed the assessment of the trophic and regenerative potential of the Schwann cells (SC) and of the neurotrophic factor PEDF on the spinal cord neurons by means of cultures of those cells in vitro as well as in an experimental model of a contused spinal cord lesion in vivo. SC were cultivated from sciatic nerves fragments of young adult rats. The primary cultures were purified and used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. To evaluate if the SC cultures treated with PEDF provide the trophism of the spinal cord neurons, these were cultivated from spinal cords fragments of new born rats and treated with SC conditional medium (SCCM), of cells pre-treated or not with specifics isoforms of PEDF. The trophic responses were analyzed by the quantification of the cell number, and the area of sprounting and perycaria of the survived neuronal cells in the culture time course using a specific stereological method. In another series of experiment, adults Wistar rats were submitted to a contuse spinal cord lesion in the 10º-11º thoracic level by means of the NYU Impactor and treated with local injection of SC and your CM with the presence or not of the PEDF. In the end of the surgical procedure, the rats were submitted to behaviors testes as the BBB and the CBS during the 6 follow weeks .The spinal cord neuron treatments show that the SCCM, prétreated or not with specifics molecular isoforms of PEDF and this factors by themselves demonstrated trophic and plastic actions with the spinal cord neurons. It was observed that the SCCM exerted a sprouting and trophic effect on the neuronal body of the spinal cord neurons, and that this effect was enhanced when the SCCM was achieved from SC pre-treated with PEDF, and even better when the pures forms of the PEDF was added to the culture. The animals that received the spinal cord lesion and were treated with injection of SC, pre-treated or not with nPEDF, or with the conditioned medium of those cells and the factors nPEDF or coPEDF showed a better functional recovery when compared to the control groups. The results of this study showed that the SC, your conditioned medium and the PEDF play an important role in the spinal cord neurons, allowing the modulation of the functional recovery process of this organ after the trauma.
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Luca, Bianca Aparecida de. "Inoculação de células de Schwann cultivadas pré-tratadas ou não com as citocinas inflamatórias TGF-beta1 e TN- alfa; na medula espinal contusa de ratos. Análise neuroquímica da plasticidade medular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-16012009-142824/.
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A utilização experimental de CS é apontada como uma perspectiva benéfica no tratamento da lesão medular devido estas células produzirem fatores neurotróficos e citocinas inflamatórias que influenciam o ambiente do sistema nervoso. Ratos machos foram submetidos à lesão medular contusa de intensidade moderada (25mm) ao nível do 11o segmento torácico. As CS cultivadas a partir do nervo ciático foram pré-tratadas ou não com as citocinas inflamatórias TGF-1 (5ng/ml) ou TNF- (30ng/ml) e inoculadas no local da lesão imediatamente após o trauma. O grupo controle e o grupo lesão receberam inoculação do meio de cultura. Após a cirurgia os ratos foram submetidos à análise do comportamento motor durante 8 semanas. O BBB mostrou melhora do comportamento motor ao longo do período analisado para o grupo tratado com as CS. Este efeito não foi potenciado pelo pré-tratamento das CS com as citocinas inflamatórias. As medulas espinais foram processadas e receberam coloração pelo Violeta de Cresilo ou imunomarcação com a GAP-43, o glutamato, o NPY, a substância P, a GFAP, o FGF-2 e do NG2. Os tratamentos realizados neste desenho experimental não alteraram as respostas neuroprotetivas. Segundo análise estereológica não foram encontradas diferenças no número estimado de neurônios remanescentes e no volume de tecido preservado entre os grupos que receberam lesão medular. A lesão promoveu uma diminuição da imunorreatividade da GAP-43 no corno anterior, que foi revertida quando a lesão recebeu tratamento com as CS prétratadas ou não com a citocina TGF-1. O resultado do tratamento com as CS foi o de aumento na imunorreatividade do glutamato nas células no corno anterior e no funículo lateral quando comparado com o grupo lesão. Para o NPY no corno anterior houve aumento da imunorreatividade do grupo tratado com as CS apenas em comparação ao grupo controle. Já no funículo lateral a lesão aumentou a imunorreatividade NPY em comparação ao grupo controle, inclusive quando houve tratamento com as CS, mas este deixou de existir quando houve prétratamento das CS com as citocinas. Referente ao FGF-2, no funículo lateral e no fascículo grácil houve aumento da imunorreatividade no grupo tratado com as CS, acrescidas ou não de TGF-1, apenas em comparação ao grupo controle. Porém, o tratamento com as CS aumentou a imunorreatividade do FGF-2 na região do fascículo grácil. A imunorreatividade do FGF-2 aumentou na região de epicentro da lesão, e este efeito foi mantido nos grupos tratados com as CS, acrescidas ou não de TGF-1. Houve significante aumento da imunorreatividade da GFAP no corno anterior e no funículo lateral quando os grupos lesados foram tratados com as CS e/ou citocinas comparado ao grupo controle. Na região do epicentro, a lesão promoveu aumento da imunorreatividade da GFAP, que foi potencializado quando houve tratamento com as CS. A lesão promoveu aumento da imunorreatividade do NG2 no epicentro, inclusive quando houve tratamento com as CS. O melhor desempenho motor observado no grupo que recebeu inoculação de CS provavelmente está relacionado a fatores como respostas plásticas e neuroquímicas no tecido preservado da medula espinal.The experimental use of Schwann cells is indicated on spinal cord treatment due to the ability of these cells to produce neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines, influencing nervous system environment. Male rats were submitted to a moderate spinal cord contusion (25mm) at 11th thoracic level. Culture Schwann cells were obtained from sciatic nerves and pre-treated or not with inflammatory cytokines TGF-1 (5ng/ml) or TNF- (30ng/ml) and then were inoculated in lesion site just after trauma. Sham and lesion groups received culture medium inoculation. After surgery, rats were submitted to behavior analyses during 8 weeks. BBB showed motor recovery in the Schwann cell group. This effect was not potentiated by pretreated of Schwann cells with inflammatory cytokines. The spinal cords were processed for Cresil Violet or immunolabeling to GAP-43, glutamate, NPY, substance P, GFAP, FGF-2 and NG2. Stereological analyses showed no differences in the estimated number of remaining neurons and in the volume of the preserved tissue among the lesioned groups. The injury reduced GAP-43 immunoreactivity in ventral horn, which was reverted when injury was treated with Schwann cells pre-treated or not with TGF-1. Schwann cell treatment enhanced glutamate immunoreactivity in the ventral horn and lateral funiculus compared with lesioned group. In ventral horn, NPY immunoreactivity was enhanced in Schwann cells group compared with sham group. In lateral funiculus, the injury or the treatment with Schwann cells increased NPY immunoreactivity, comparing with sham group. FGF-2 of lateral funiculus and gracile fasciculus enhanced in Schwann cells group. Treatment with Schwann cells enhanced FGF-2 immunoreactivity in gracile fasciculus. Injury enhanced FGF-2 immunoreactivity in epicenter region, also observed in the groups treated by Schwann cells. In ventral horn and lateral funiculus when the lesioned groups were treated by Schwann cells and/or cytokines there was significant increase in GFAP immunoreactivity compared with sham group. In epicenter, the injury promoted GFAP immunoreactivity increase that was potentiated by Schwann cells treatment. The injury produced NG2 increase in epicenter, included by Schwann cells treatment. The motor recovery showed in Schwann cell group is probably related to neurochemical plasticity in spinal cord preserved tissue.
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Purdy, Allison Renee. "The Effects of Yoga Therapy on the Quality of Life for a Paraplegic Individual." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/342.
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The purpose of this study was to document the effects that a regular yoga therapy practice has on the quality of life for a paraplegic individual. Due to the unique nature of spinal cord injury (SCI), this was a case study with one participant. For 5 weeks the subject practiced a standardized yoga routine three times a week with a yoga teacher, receiving private instruction. Interview questions were asked before and after the intervention to document the participant's quality of life. Each week, the subject completed a modified SF-36 questionnaire as well as Cohen's Perceived Stress Survey. Perceived pain and perceived stress were the two primary variables monitored in the study. The results of this study demonstrated a slight reduction in perceived stress, a reduction in perceived pain, and an improvement in overall quality of life. Additionally, the subject increased her strength significantly from the beginning to the end of the study. Based on the findings in this study, it appears that a regular adapted yoga routine is beneficial for paraplegic individuals.
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Augutis, Marika. "Pediatric spinal cord injury /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-129-6/.
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Rolfe, Madeleine. "Childbirth for women with spinal cord injuries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510429.
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Divanoglou, Anestis. "The Stockholm - Thessaloniki acute traumatic spinal cord injury study." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-779-5/.
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Norrbrink, Budh Cecilia. "Pain following spinal cord injury /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-995-1/.
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Freedman, Patricia Noel. "Colonic transit in subjects with spinal cord injuries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26358.
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The rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI) is long and difficult. Not only do they lose mobility but they also have changes in bowel continence caused by loss of voluntary motor and sensory function and damage to the visceral nerve supply. The maintenance and management of bowel function causes major morbidity for subjects with SCI. The effect of SCI on colonic function is poorly understood and little studied. Aim: This study sought to establish a method of studying regional colonic transit and to investigate whether the level of SCI influences colonic transit. Patients and Methods Sixteen subjects (8 paraplegics and 8 tetraplegics) with spinal cord injury, at least one year previously were recruited. The tetraplegics group had spinal cord injuries above T1 and the paraplegic group had injuries below T1 . They were given a pancake labelled with 10-18 Mbq of ln-111 Amberlite resin to eat. Anterior and posterior images were acquired for 400 seconds each, using a 40 cm field of view gamma camera, once on the first day and then 3 times a day for the next 4 days. The subjects were asked to report every time they had a bowel evacuation. No laxatives or enemas were permitted during the study. Subjects were permitted to eat and drink normally after the first images (3 hours) were acquired. Seven regions of interest (ROI) outlining, 1) ascending colon, 2) hepatic flexure, 3) transverse colon, 4) splenic flexure, 5) descending colon, 6) rectosigmoid and 7) total abdominal activity, were drawn on each set of anterior and posterior images. The counts were decay corrected. The decay corrected counts were used to calculate the geometric mean (GM), for each region, at each time point. The GM was used to calculate the percentage of the total abdominal activity in each region, at each time point. Colonic transit was assessed in 4 ways. Firstly, 3 independent Nuclear Medicine Physicians visually assessed transit on hard copies of the images and classified subjects into 5 categories of colonic transit (rapid transit, intermediate transit, generalised delay, right-sided delay or left-sided delay). Secondly, parametric images were constructed from the percentage activity in each region at each time point. Thirdly, the arrival and clearance times of the activity in the right and left colon were plotted as time-activity curves. Finally, the geometric centre of the distribution of the activity was calculated and plotted on a graph versus time. The parametric images, time activity curves of the right and left sides of the colon and the geometric centre for each subject were classified into the same categories as the visual assessment. All statistics were assumed to be non-parametric. Results: The results of the four methods of assessing colonic transit were compared and the majority categorisation was accepted as the final diagnosis. The best agreement occurred between the parametric images and the arrival and clearance times of the activity in the right and left colons. No single method was consistently correct. Amongst the paraplegic subjects, two had generalised delay, four had rightsided delay, and two left-sided delay. In the tetraplegic subjects, two had intermediate transit, 1 generalised delay, and 5 left-sided delay. Conclusion A combination of at least two methods of determining colonic is necessary. The level of spinal cord injury effects colonic transit. Injuries below T7 /T8 result in right-sided delay. Injuries above this most commonly result in left-sided delay. Occasionally injuries above T7/8 can result in intermediate transit or generalised delay. Paraplegics are more likely to have right-sided delay (p =0.04), whereas tetraplegics are more likely to have left-sided delay.
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Pomeranz, Jamie L. "Identification of activities critical to examine the need for personal attendant care for individuals with spinal cord injury." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010126.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 198 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Smith, Robert C. "The impact of spinal cord injuries on intimate relationships." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6863.
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This research investigated the impact that spinal cord injuries have upon intimate relationships, and the effect that being in an intimate relationship has upon a person with a spinal cord injury. 25 participants, who had been disabled at least two years, were interviewed in their own homes. 17 participants were in relationships when they were injured, and 16 were in relationships when they were interviewed. Seven of these pre-injury relationships ended within one year post-injury, and the six remaining relationships were still in place at the time of the interviews. Results showed that people with lower levels of impairment were more likely to be depressed, as were those who received assistance with activities of daily living from their partners. Results are discussed using evolutionary, equity, and social support theories, as well as the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction. Relationship counselling is recommended for couples after one partner has a spinal cord injury.
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Pachi, Katerina. "Sexual identity and spinal cord injuries : an embodiment approach." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413894.
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Hannold, Elizabeth Marie. "Effects of locomotor training on the psychosocial adaptation of persons with incomplete spinal cord injury." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ufl/fullcit?p3136947.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 244 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.