Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries

Academic literature on the topic 'Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries"

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Slynko, Ievgenii I., Yurii V. Derkach, Arthur I. Ermolev, Oleksii S. Nekhlopochyn, and David A. Tavzadze. "Mine blast injury of the spine and spinal cord: a case report." Ukrainian Neurosurgical Journal 28, no. 2 (June 24, 2022): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25305/unj.257985.

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Many soldiers who were wounded during the war in Ukraine with Russia increased the number of cases of spinal injury. As a result of the Russia-Ukraine war, the number of patients with spine and spinal cord injuries increased significantly. According to the literature, gunshot wounds to the spine and spinal cord accounted for 0.26% of all soldier injuries during the American Civil War, with a mortality rate of 55%. According to the U.S. military data, spinal and spinal cord injuries accounted for 1.2% of war-related deaths during the Korean War, 1.0% - during the Vietnam War and the Gulf War, 6.0% - during the US invasion of Panama, 11.1% - during the war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Disability related to spinal cord injuries (14.0%) is currently the leading cause of discharge from military service for U.S. soldiers who have been injured. Patient M., 32 years old, male sustained mine blast injury. Immediately after the injury there was tetraplegia. Surgery was performed to correct vertebrae С7–Тh1, decompression of the spinal cord at the level of vertebrae С7–Тh1. Sixteen days after surgery, the neurological deficit regressed to the Frankel C clinical group. The patient was transferred to rehabilitation treatment. A clear, consistent, rapid algorithm of action in spinal cord injuries allowed to provide highly qualified care, which allowed to achieve significant results in the regression of neurological deficits in the postoperative period.
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Williams, David T., Danny L. Chang, and Matthieu P. DeClerck. "Penetrating spinal cord injuries with retained canal fragments." CJEM 11, no. 02 (March 2009): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500011155.

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Case 1: A previously healthy 15-year-old boy was brought by paramedics to the emergency department (ED) after suffering multiple penetrating gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the lower extremities and a single entry to the left suprascapular region. Vital signs were within normal limits upon presentation. Case 2: A previously healthy 19-year-old man was brought by paramedics to the ED after suffering multiple stab wounds to the back. The patient was hypoxic and in severe respiratory distress upon arrival. A left thoracostomy tube was placed. Clinically the patient improved and vital signs returned to normal.
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Waters, Robert L., and Ien H. Sie. "Spinal Cord Injuries From Gunshot Wounds to the Spine." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 408 (March 2003): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200303000-00014.

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Benzel, Edward C., Theresa A. Hadden, and James Edward Coleman. "Civilian Gunshot Wounds to the Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina." Neurosurgery 20, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198702000-00014.

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Abstract We evaluated 42 patients with neurological deficits after civilian gunshot wounds to the spine. Thirty-five of these patients (the study population presented here) received their initial and follow-up care at Louisiana State University Medical Center in Shreveport over a 4-year period. Each patient had incurred a single gunshot wound to the spinal cord or cauda equina with an accompanying neurological deficit. The patient population was divided into three groups. Group 1 patients had incurred a complete motor and sensory loss below the injury (20 patients (57%)). Group 2 patients had incurred incomplete spinal cord injuries (9 patients (26%)), whereas Group 3 patients had cauda equina injuries (6 patients (17%)). Myelography was performed for all Group 2 and 3 patients as well as Group 1 patients in whom the trajectory of the bullet did not explain a higher level of neurological injury (3 patients (15%)). A decompressive operation was performed in the patients whose myelography showed neural compression. Three patients in Group 1 (15%), 5 patients in Group 2 (56%), and 5 Group 3 patients (83%) underwent operation. All 3 Group 1 patients who underwent operation had some improvement of nerve root function postoperatively. All operated Group 2 and 3 patients had improvement of myelopathic or radicular function postoperatively. All began improving within several days of operation, implying a cause and effect relationship. None of the 17 nonoperated Group 1 patients improved neurologically, whereas 3 of the 4 nonoperated Group 2 patients improved. The single nonoperated Group 3 patient improved neurologically. It is concluded that patients with incomplete neurological injuries after civilian gunshot wounds to the spine can expect radicular or myelopathic improvement. Decompressive operation is indicated in selected cases with unexpected radicular injuries or incomplete myelopathic injuries with myelographic evidence of neural compression. A stepwise improvement in neurological function over that expected without operation should be realized in these cases.
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Ortiz, A. O., R. R. Patel, R. F. Riascos, M. Castillo, J. Hochsztein, R. Sacchi, and S. Khanpara. "More Than Meets the Eye: Additional Insights on Trajectory Analysis in Penetrating Spine Trauma." Neurographics 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000014.

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Penetrating spine trauma presents a major challenge to clinical management. By using standard and cross-sectional imaging modalities, radiologists should be able to perform a trajectory analysis of the penetrating object and identify the path of injury as well as those structures that were injured along that path. Toward this end, we conducted a multi-institutional retrospective review of 23 patients who had penetrating spine trauma due to either a gunshot or stab wound and who, subsequently, underwent cross-sectional imaging with CT and/or MR imaging. Two patterns of imaging findings were associated with the penetrating spine trauma. Assault-related gunshot wounds accounted for most of penetrating spine trauma (83%) and were frequently associated with spinal cord injuries, and tended to be associated with other visceral and/or vascular injuries. Stabbing injuries, although less common (17%), were associated with focal spinal cord injuries and with fewer extraspinal injuries. These imaging finding patterns may assist in the evaluation of the imaging examinations, with implications for the extent of injury and prognosis for neurologic recovery, and, when necessary, can contribute to forensic analysis.Learning Objective: To identify the imaging findings and understand the value of trajectory analysis and its implications in projectile- and nonprojectile-penetrating spine trauma.
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Binsuwaidan, Reem, Mohammad Aatif Khan, Raghad H. Alzahrani, Aljoharah M. Aldusaymani, Noura M. Almallouhi, Alhanouf S. Alsabti, Sajjad Ali, Omar Sufyan Khan, Amira M. Youssef, and Lina I. Alnajjar. "Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant and ESBL-Producing Bacterial Pathogens in Patients with Chronic Wound Infections and Spinal Cord Injury Admitted to a Tertiary Care Rehabilitation Hospital." Antibiotics 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2023): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111587.

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A pressure ulcer is defined as a skin lesion of ischemic origin, a condition that contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with spinal cord injuries. The most common complication of ulcers is a bacterial infection. Antimicrobial therapy should be selected with caution for spinal cord injury patients since they have a high risk of developing multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different bacterial pathogens in patients with pressure ulcers admitted with spinal cord injuries. This was a retrospective single-center study that included adult patients aged 18 years and above, admitted with chronic pressure wounds after a spinal cord injury requiring hospitalization between 2015 and 2021. A total of 203 spinal cord injury patients with pressure ulcers were included in the study. Ulcers were commonly infected by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, and they were mostly located in the sacral and gluteal areas. More than half of the bacteria isolated from patients were sensitive to commonly tested antibiotics, while 10% were either MDR- or pan-drug-resistant organisms. Of the MDR bacterial isolates, 25.61% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and 17.73% were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae. The most prevalent bacteria in pressure ulcers of spinal cord injury patients were S. aureus. Other antibiotic-resistant organisms were also isolated from the wounds.
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Bagheri, Zahra, Amir Larki-Harchegani, Shabnam Pourmoslemi, Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi, Ebrahim Bakhtiari, Hamid Safarpour, Ali Fathi Jouzdani, and Morteza Shamsizadeh. "The Antimicrobial and Healing Effect of Scrophularia striata Boiss Hydroalcoholic Extract on First- and Second-Grade Pressure Wounds in Patients with Brain and Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (November 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8522937.

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Introduction and Objectives. Pressure wound is one of the most common problems in patients with brain and spinal cord lesions leading to complications such as severe pain, infection, and frequent hospitalisation. The present study aimed to determine the restorative and antimicrobial effects of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic extract (SHE) on first- and second-grade pressure ulcers in patients with brain and spinal cord lesions. Materials and Methods. This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on grade 1 and 2 pressure wounds in 120 patients with cerebral-spinal cord lesions. The patients were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30). Topical treatments in all groups were performed twice a day. These groups included experiment 1 (SHE + phenytoin), experiment 2 (SHE + SHE), control (phenytoin + phenytoin), and placebo (eucerin + phenytoin). After evaluating the effect of SHE on wound healing, its antibacterial activity was determined by the standard agar well diffusion method. Results. Patients in each group in this study did not significantly differ in demographic and clinical variables. Complete wound healing by the 10th day of the intervention occurred in 63%, 100%, and 27% of patients in experimental 1, experimental 2, and control groups, respectively. In contrast, the placebo group had no complete wound healing until the 10th day. Topical application of SHE, twice a day in the experimental 2 groups, had a higher potency to heal wounds and reduce the duration of complete wound healing in patients compared with other groups. Conclusion. SHE, as a novel treatment option, has good potential to accelerate the healing of first- and second-degree pressure wounds in patients with brain-spinal cord injuries.
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Galili, Uri, Jianming Li, and Gary L. Schaer. "Regeneration in Mice of Injured Skin, Heart, and Spinal Cord by α-Gal Nanoparticles Recapitulates Regeneration in Amphibians." Nanomaterials 14, no. 8 (April 22, 2024): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14080730.

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The healing of skin wounds, myocardial, and spinal cord injuries in salamander, newt, and axolotl amphibians, and in mouse neonates, results in scar-free regeneration, whereas injuries in adult mice heal by fibrosis and scar formation. Although both types of healing are mediated by macrophages, regeneration in these amphibians and in mouse neonates also involves innate activation of the complement system. These differences suggest that localized complement activation in adult mouse injuries might induce regeneration instead of the default fibrosis and scar formation. Localized complement activation is feasible by antigen/antibody interaction between biodegradable nanoparticles presenting α-gal epitopes (α-gal nanoparticles) and the natural anti-Gal antibody which is abundant in humans. Administration of α-gal nanoparticles into injuries of anti-Gal-producing adult mice results in localized complement activation which induces rapid and extensive macrophage recruitment. These macrophages bind anti-Gal-coated α-gal nanoparticles and polarize into M2 pro-regenerative macrophages that orchestrate accelerated scar-free regeneration of skin wounds and regeneration of myocardium injured by myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, injection of α-gal nanoparticles into spinal cord injuries of anti-Gal-producing adult mice induces recruitment of M2 macrophages, that mediate extensive angiogenesis and axonal sprouting, which reconnects between proximal and distal severed axons. Thus, α-gal nanoparticle treatment in adult mice mimics physiologic regeneration in amphibians. These studies further suggest that α-gal nanoparticles may be of significance in the treatment of human injuries.
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Eftekhary, Nima, Kenneth Nwosu, Eric McCoy, Dudley Fukunaga, and Kevin Rolfe. "Overutilization of bracing in the management of penetrating spinal cord injury from gunshot wounds." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 25, no. 1 (July 2016): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.12.spine151022.

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OBJECTIVE Penetrating gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the spinal column are stable injuries and do not require spinal orthoses or bracing postinjury. Nonetheless, a high number of GSW-related spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are referred with a brace to national rehabilitation centers. Unnecessary bracing may encumber rehabilitation, create skin breakdown or pressure ulcers, and add excessive costs. The aim of this study was to confirm the stability of spinal column injuries from GSWs and quantify the overutilization rate of bracing based on long-term follow-up. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was performed at a nationally renowned rehabilitation center. In total, 487 GSW-related SCI patients were transferred for rehabilitation and identified over the last 14 years. Retrospective chart review and telephone interviews were conducted to identify patients who were braced at the initial treating institution and determine if late instability, deformity, or neurological deterioration resulted in secondary surgery or intervention. In addition, 396 unoperated patients were available for analysis after 91 patients were excluded for undergoing an initial destabilizing surgical dissection or laminectomy, thereby altering the natural history of the injury. All of these 396 patients who presented with a brace had bracing discontinued upon reaching the facility. RESULTS In total, 203 of 396 patients were transferred with a spinal brace, demonstrating an overutilization rate of 51%. No patients deteriorated neurologically or needed later surgery for spinal column deformity or instability attributable to the injury. All patients had stable injuries. The patterns of injury and severity of neurological injury did not vary between patients who were initially braced or unbraced. The average follow-up was 7.8 years (range 1–14 years) and the average age was 25 years (range 10–62 years). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of brace overutilization for penetrating GSW-related SCI was 51%. Long-term follow-up in this study confirmed that these injuries were stable and thus did not require bracing. No patients deteriorated neurologically, whether or not they were initially braced. The unnecessary use of spinal orthoses increases costs and patient morbidity. Reeducation and dissemination of this information is warranted.
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Corr, Peter, and Hoosen Lakhi. "MR imaging of penetrating spinal trauma." South African Journal of Radiology 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2003): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v7i3.1393.

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Objective: To determine the utility of MR imaging in the assessment of spinal cord injury following penetrating spinal trauma.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case notes and MR studies of patients referred to our MR facility over a 2-year period with neurological deficits following penetrating spinal injuries. All MR studies were performed on the same MR scanner with identical protocols. We reviewed the MR studies blinded to the clinical data and MR reports. We recorded the presence of: spinal cord transection, cord contusion, haematomyelia, extramedullary haematoma and vascula injury.Results: 20 patients (17 males, 3 females) with a mean age of 28 years were studied. Causes of injury were knife wounds in 17 patients and gun shot wounds in 3 patients. Site of injury was: cervical in 14, thoracic 4, lumbar in 2. Neurological deficits were: Brown-Séquard syndrome in 8, paraparesis in 7, quadraparesis in 2, hemiplegia 2, unconscious 1. MR findings were: partial cord transection in 9 patients, cord oedema/contusion in 5, haematomyelia in 2, myelomalacia in 2, and disk herniation in 1. One patient with cord transection sustained verterbral artery occlusion. Only 4 patients with Brown-Séquardsyndrome had partial cord transection, the other 5 had cord contusions.Conclusions: MR accurately demonstrates spinal cord injury in patients with penetrating spinal trauma, however the clinical signs detected do not always correlate with the MR findings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries"

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Willemse, Hermanus Barend. "A strategy to facilitate renewed resilience to re-establish meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008119.

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Census estimates in 2010 indicated that 6,3 percent South Africans aged 5 years and older are currently classified as disabled in five of the nine provinces in the country. The national figure for 2005 was 5 percent, with the figure for females (6,5 percent) slightly higher than that for males (6,1percent). Spinal cord injured persons and their significant others experience a range of emotions which affect their relationships with themselves, others and their environment. To deal with the life-changing consequences of the injury and regain control, these persons not only require a variety of coping strategies but rediscovery of resilience is inevitable if the experience of personal purpose and meaningful existence is ever to be regained. In the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal area, Port Elizabeth, South Africa – the geographical area in which this research study was undertaken - persons with spinal cord injuries have many challenges to face due to the shortcomings the existing resource for health care delivery in the post-discharge phase. The research objectives identified for the study were, firstly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries; secondly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of the significant others of persons with spinal cord injuries; and thirdly, to develop a strategy to guide the professional nurse and the health care team in facilitating the health care of persons with spinal cord injuries. The study was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual method of inquiry. The data obtained was used to formulate the strategy with its three sub-strategies to guide professional nurses and the health care team to facilitate renewed resilience and the re-establishment of meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries. Although the experiences of the significant others were explored in order to thicken the description of the experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries, the strategy developed was limited to the persons with spinal cord injuries. Although it is well documented that there are significant physical needs, the themes that emerged from the current research mostly related to psychological and social aspects. In acknowledging the human being as unitary multi-dimensional being, the researcher in his discussions and quest to address the issue of renewed resilience in spinal cord injured persons towards finding purpose and re-establishing meaning in their lives, focused on their psychological, spiritual and social health. The outcome of the study is a strategy constructed to facilitate renewed resilience, and three sub-strategies ‘addressing experienced emotions’, ‘facilitating meaningful relationships’ and ‘facilitating effective coping’. The strategy has as purpose the empowering of spinal injured persons in their efforts to re-establish meaning by serving as a tool to guide professional nurses and members of the health care team in their facilitating of renewed resilience in persons with spinal cord injury. It is envisaged that the co-ordination of the strategy will take place from the health care delivery facility nearest to the spinal cord injured individual concerned. In order for persons with spinal cord injuries to become accountable members of society, all levels and aspects of care aimed at physical, psychological, spiritual and social well-being need to be holistically addressed. The front-line role of the professional nurse is vital as the professional nurse acts as the co-ordinator for the health care team in ensuring that persons with spinal cord injuries receive quality and holistic care in order to deal meaningfully with the life-altering consequences of a spinal cord injury. Through this study, valuable insight was gained with regard to experiences of both persons with spinal cord injuries and that of their significant others. Recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
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Gaitelband, Philip Joseph. "An analysis of the experience of the acute phase of traumatic spinal cord injury in a South African spinal unit." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002487.

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This study aims to explore, and to a certain extent to clarify, what it means psychologically to experience Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in a South African spinal unit. The target time chosen for analysis is the acute medical period. The study presents a review of the literature on psychological adjustment to TSCI and then proceeds to introduce and extensively articulate the hermeneutic approach and methodology. Subsequently, an interpretive research strategy is presented for the purpose of studying the acute phase of TSCI. The data for the study was obtained by means of three dialogical interviews which were tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed with~n a cyclical framework consisting of three interdependent levels. The interpretive procedure is modeled upon the 'reading guide' developed by Brown, Tappan, Gilligan, Miller and Argyris (1989). The analysis follows a course from the individual psychological descriptions of the experience to the generation of a general, nomothetic narrative account of the acute phase. The findings are then discussed in relation to the existing literature and evaluated on the basis of the goals of the study. The study highlights the value of some of the 'stage' ways of thinking about SCI adjustment, while simultaneously stressing the need for placing adjustment within a more personalized, and individually meaningful context. Significant differences between the psycho-physical experiences of patients in the categories of complete and -incomplete SCI were found, which suggests that a sharper distinction be made in the literature between these two groups, in order to account for the marked variations in their experiences.-- The study also contains a number of shortcomings, such as a lack of understanding about certain historical and contextual factors which may have mediated the experiences of the trauma for the individuals concerned. These shortcomings and some suggestions fro their resolution are then discussed. The study concludes with an evaluation of the research strategy and methodology and also offers some suggestions for future research.
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Chan, Chor-Kiu Raymond, and 陳楚僑. "Coping with spinal cord injury: personal and marital adjustment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212773.

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Dutton, Marie Helen 1951. "SPINAL CORD INJURY - THE PATIENT'S VIEW (ETHNOGRAPHY, CHRONIC ILLNESS, IMMOBILITY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291546.

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Tse, Lee-shing Jeffrey, and 謝利城. "Irrational beliefs and psychosocial adjustment of people with spinal cord injuries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015776.

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Wilsmore, Bradley R. "Thermoregulation in people with spinal cord injury." School of Health Sciences - Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, 2007. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/85.

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Thermoafferent information is integrated at multiple levels within the central nervous system. However, due to the difficulty in differentiating thermoregulatory functions of the spinal cord from those of higher centres in humans, the role of the spinal cord in certain aspects of thermoregulation remains unclear. Subjects with spinal cord injury have unique neural changes providing an opportunity to evaluate the role of the spinal cord, independently of higher thermoregulatory centres. Subjects with (N=11) and without (N=11) spinal cord injury were studied in a series of experiments, in which a wide range of local and whole-body temperature changes and postural manipulations were imposed. During these trials, various physiological (skin temperature, core temperature, local sweat rate and sweat expulsion frequency - a measure of central sympathetic drive), and psychophysical variables (thermal sensation and discomfort) were investigated. Six key observations arose from these experiments: (i) Subjects with spinal cord injury had a lower thermoafferent capacity (secondary to neural damage) and a corresponding reduction in thermoefferent drive (sudomotor sensitivity of 4.2 versus 8.8 expulsions•min-1•C-1 in able-bodied; P=0.03). (ii) Equations used to approximate thermoafferent drive in able-bodied subjects, overestimated thermal feedback in subjects with spinal cord injury. However, this could be corrected by modifying the skin area weightings to include only the sensate areas. (iii) No subjects with physiologically-confirmed thermoefferent spinal cord injury displayed sweating from insensate skin sites, indicating that a spinal cord that has been isolated from higher centres cannot induce thermal sweating. (iv) Subjects with spinal cord injury had higher forehead sweat rates (0.77 versus 0.52 mg•cm-2•min-1; P=0.03), but an equivalent sweat sensitivity (1.24 versus 1.27 mg•cm-2•min-1•°C-1; P=0.94), indicating the presence of a peripheral adaptation to sustain thermal homeostasis, and secondary to reduced thermal afferent and efferent flow. (v) Respiratory frequency increased more for a given increase in body temperature in subjects with spinal cord injury (2.4 versus 1.1 breaths•min-1•°C-1; P=0.042), but this did not provide a thermoregulatory benefit. (vi) Subjects with spinal cord injury demonstrated greater changes in behavioural thermoregulatory indicators (thermal sensation and discomfort) in response to standardised local and whole-body thermal loads. Collectively, these observations indicate the unique nature of thermoregulation in people with spinal cord injury and the adaptive ability of the human thermoregulatory system.
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Zhao, Rongrong. "Chondroitinase ABC, anti-Nogo A, and rehabilitation in spinal cord injury." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610299.

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Granger, Nicolas. "Effects of intraspinal transplantation of mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells in chronic spinal cord injury in domestic dogs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608161.

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Maclachlan, Mirda. "The activity and participation profile of persons with traumatic spinal cord injury in the Cape Metropole, Western Cape, South Africa : a prospective, descriptive study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20352.

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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the most serious and devastating injuries often resulting in permanent disability and with life changing implications for the individual and his/her family. Successful reintegration into community life and employment after SCI is considered important goals of rehabilitation as this has been positively associated with quality of life, self esteem and life satisfaction. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) allows researchers to identify the impact of environmental factors on functioning and disability. Minimal research, particularly in South Africa, has been done on the impact of the environment on persons living with various health conditions and specifically spinal cord injury. Objectives The main purpose of this study was to describe and compare the level of participation of persons with traumatic SCI at two time points (discharge and six months after discharge) from the inpatient rehabilitation setting and to identify the environmental barriers experienced. Methods A prospective, descriptive study was conducted using consecutive sampling. All patients with traumatic SCI that were discharged from September 1, 2008 from the Western Cape Rehabilitation Centre (WCRC) who were eligible for this study were included. Two questionnaires (one based on the ICF and one purposely-developed) and the International Standards for the Classification of SCI (ISCSCI) were used. Data were analyzed with the statistical software package STATISTICA. Results A person sustaining a traumatic SCI in the Cape Metropolitan area of the Western Cape Province is most likely to be a male, young (20 to 29 years), of the Black or Coloured race and living in the Cape Flats suburbs. More than half of the subjects had a grade eight to ten level of education which together with the lack of employers’ responsibilities towards part-time workers might explain the low percentage (11%) of employment at six months after discharge from the WCRC. Complete paraplegia, occurring mainly in the thoracic cord, was the most common neurological disability found in this study. The most common secondary condition was pain followed by spasticity limiting function. The low incidence of pressure sores and urinary tract infections found in this study contradicts findings of previous studies.The majority of the subjects were discharged to the same house they were living in at the time of their injury. However, due to various architectural barriers, some of them were not able to function independently in their homes. Inaccessibility of public transport, the lack of recreational and sport facilities, lack of social support structures in the community and inadequate financial resources were the main environmental barriers experienced by these individuals. Conclusion The main finding of this study was the low employment rate and the difficulty experienced with reintegration at community level after SCI. The results of this study confirm the significant contribution of environmental factors in participation, especially those of transport and education in return to work. Fourteen years after the publication of the Integrated National Disability Strategy (INDS) White Paper (1997), legislative strategies to ensure that people with disabilities have equal access to social and economic opportunities remain lacking.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Traumatiese spinaalkoordbesering (SKB) lei dikwels tot permanente verlamming en dit het lewensveranderende implikasies vir die individu en sy/haar familie. Suksesvolle herintegrasie in die gemeenskap en werkverrigting na SKB is belangrike doelstellings vir rehabilitasie omdat dit positief met lewenskwaliteit, selfrespek en lewens-bevrediging geassosieer word. Die Internasionale Klassifisering van Funksionering, Gestremdheid en Gesondheid (IKF) bied aan navorsers die geleentheid om die impak van omgewingsfaktore op funksionering en gestremdheid te identifiseer. Daar is veral in Suid-Afrika beperkte navorsing oor die impak van die omgewing op mense met verskillende gesondheidstoestande, spesifiek SKB. Doel Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om die vlak van deelname van mense met traumatiese SKB op twee verskillende tye te beskryf en te vergelyk, onmiddellik na hulle uit die rehabilitasiesentrum ontslaan is, en ses maande later. Die studie het ook ten doel gehad om die omgewingsfaktore te identifiseer wat deelname negatief beïnvloed. Metode Daar is van ’n beskrywende studie gebruik gemaak. Alle pasiënte met traumatiese SKB wat vanaf 1 September 2008 vanaf die Wes-Kaapse Rehabilitasiesentrum (WKRS) ontslaan is en wat voldoen het aan die insluitingskriteria is ingesluit. Twee vraelyste is gebruik om data in te samel – een is op die IKF gebaseer en een is spesifiek vir die studie ontwikkel. Daar is ook van die Internasionale Standaarde vir die Klassifisering van SKB (ISKSKB) gebruik gemaak om data in te samel. Data is met behulp van STATISTICA, ’n statistiese sagteware pakket, geanaliseer. Resultate Iemand wat ’n traumatiese SKB in die Kaapse metropolitaanse gebied van die Wes-Kaap provinsie opdoen, is mees waarskynlik ’n jong man (20 tot 29 jaar) van die Swart of Kleurling ras wat woonagtig in die voorstede op die Kaapse Vlakte is. Meer as die helfte van die deelnemers in die studie het slegs ’n opvoedingsvlak van graad agt tot tien. Hierdie aspek, tesame met die gebrek aan werkgewers se verantwoordelikheid teenoor deeltydse werknemers is dalk die rede waarom slegs 11% van die deelnemers ses maande na hulle uit die WKRS ontslaan is, werksaam was. Volledige paraplegie, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van ’n besering van die torakale spinaalkoord, was die algemeenste neurologiese besering wat in hierdie studie gevind is. Die algemeenste sekondêre komplikasie wat voorgekom het, was pyn gevolg deur spastisiteit. Die lae voorkoms van druksere en urienweginfeksies in dié studie is in teenstelling met bevindings van vorige studies. Die meeste deelnemers is ontslaan na dieselfde huis waar hulle voor die besering gewoon het, maar as gevolg van verskeie argitektoniese hindernisse, kon sommige van hulle nie onafhanklik binne hulle wonings funksioneer nie. Die ontoeganklikheid van openbare vervoer, die gebrek aan ontspannings- en sportfasiliteite, die gebrek aan sosiale ondersteuningsnetwerke in die gemeenskap en onvoldoende finansiële hulpbronne was die algemeenste omgewingshindernisse wat deur die deelnemers ondervind is. Samevatting Die belangrikste bevinding van dié studie was dat slegs ’n klein persentasie van die deelnemers ses maande na hul ontslaan is, werksaam was en dat herintegrasie in die gemeenskap na ’n SKB baie moeilik is. Die resultate van die studie bevestig die belangrike rol wat omgewingsfaktore by deelname speel, veral die faktore wat te make het met vervoer en die opvoedingsvlak wanneer daar na ’n werk teruggekeer word. Veertien jaar na die publikasie van die Geïntegreerde Nasionale Gestremdheidstrategie in 1997, is wetgewende strategieë om gelyke toegang tot sosiale en ekonomiese geleenthede vir persone met gestremdhede te verseker, steeds gebrekkig.
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Reed, Kristin. "Evaluation of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report (QIDS-SR) in a spinal cord injury population." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9045/.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an acute and devastating event that results in significant and permanent life changes for the individuals who are injured, as well as their families and friends. Depression has received more attention from clinicians and researchers than any other psychological issue among persons with SCI. Measurement of depression in this population has a variety of methodological issues, including inconsistent assessments used (self-report versus clinical interviews), varying definitions of depression, inclusion and exclusion of physical symptoms in the assessment process, and use of measures that do not represent DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report (QIDS-SR) and provide descriptive analyses of this measure with persons with SCI. Results showed that somatic symptoms were more frequently endorsed than psychological symptoms in this population. Additionally, scores on the QIDS-SR were significantly associated with a depression diagnosis in the patient's medical chart. However, QIDS-SR scores were not found to be correlated inversely with quality of life scores as predicted. The QIDS-SR was shown to have good internal consistency and convergent validity with patients with SCI. However, it failed to demonstrate construct validity. The QIDS-SR has the potential to be a valid measure with this population and further analysis of the psychometric properties with patients with SCI is warranted.
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Books on the topic "Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries"

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1925-, Woll Nalzina M., ed. Nursing spinal cord injuries. Totowa, N.J: Rowman & Allanheld, 1986.

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E, Selzer Michael, ed. Spinal cord injury. New York, N.Y: Demos Logo, 2008.

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N, Bryce Thomas, ed. Spinal cord injury. New York: Demos, 2010.

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Houghton, Gregory R. Spine injuries. Philadelphia: Lippincott ; London ; New York : Gower Medical Pub., 1989.

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R, Garfin Steven, and Northrup Bruce, eds. Surgery for spinal cord injuries. New York: Raven Press, 1993.

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J, Vinken P., Bruyn G. W, Klawans Harold L, and Frankel Hans L, eds. Spinal cord trauma. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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Phillip, Harris, ed. Thoracic and lumbar spine and spinal cord injuries. Wien: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Bryce, Thomas N. Spinal cord injury. New York: Demos Medical, 2010.

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Taylor, J. Sherrod. Neurolaw: Brain and spinal cord injuries. Deerfield, IL: Clark Boardman Callaghan, 1997.

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Spinal cord medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries"

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Geisler, Fred H. "Spinal Cord Injuries." In Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, 205–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6645-5_13.

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Fowler, T. J., and R. W. May. "Spinal Cord Injuries." In Neurology, 195–200. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9544-0_15.

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Knight, William A., and Natalie P. Kreitzer. "Spinal Cord Injuries." In Emergency Department Critical Care, 383–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28794-8_23.

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Geisler, Fred H., and William P. Coleman. "Spinal Cord Injuries." In Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, 137–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77893-8_14.

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Goosey-Tolfrey, Victoria, Terri Graham-Paulson, and Mike Price. "Spinal Cord Injuries." In Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes, 103–34. Second edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429491955-6.

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Tackett, M. Jan, and Philip M. Ullrich. "Spinal cord injuries." In Handbook of rehabilitation psychology (3rd ed.)., 279–302. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000129-018.

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Ali, Zarina S., and Robert G. Whitmore. "Spinal Cord Injuries." In Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, 181–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19668-8_16.

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Ko, Hyun-Yoon. "Incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries." In Management and Rehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injuries, 149–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7033-4_11.

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Ko, Hyun-Yoon. "Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injuries." In Management and Rehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injuries, 159–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7033-4_12.

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Abello, Ana Lorena. "Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries." In Critical Findings in Neuroradiology, 493–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27987-9_56.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries"

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Manorama, Abinand, Tamara Reid Bush, Ronald Meyer, and Robert Wiseman. "Forces and Flow: Implications for Pressure Ulcers Demonstrated Through the Use of Magnetic Resonance Angiography." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80384.

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The combination of normal and shear forces applied to the skin over time can be detrimental to individuals with compromised health, such as the elderly or spinal-cord injured. These forces are factors associated with the formation of deep, penetrating wounds called pressure ulcers.
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Olney, Christine, Jennifer Leestma, Andrew Hansen, John Ferguson, Mary Murphy Kruse, and Gary Goldish. "Skin Self-Screening Camera for Veterans With Spinal Cord Injury." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3330.

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Veterans with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at high risk for developing debilitating pressure injuries, particularly to their seated areas (e.g. coccyx, sacral and gluteal) [1]. To prevent development of a pressure injury the Veteran with SCI is encouraged to invoke multiple prevention strategies [2]. One recommended prevention strategy is to conduct twice daily skin self-screenings. Skin self-screening is usually conducted in the bed, prior to arising in the morning and prior to sleep in the evening. The current method to conduct skin self-screening utilizes a mirror at the end of a long handle. The Veteran with SCI examines at-risk areas for changes in their skin integrity such as discoloration, swelling, or changes in skin texture. This method can take up to 20 minutes to complete. In the event there is a change to skin integrity, the pressure injury prevention protocol advises the Veteran with SCI to off-load that particular area for at least 24 hours [3]. Further, he/she is advised to consult with their skin specialist if the area does not resolve to normal color or texture within that next 24 hour period. The consequences of ignoring an early stage pressure injury can be serious e.g. weeks to months of hospitalization attempting to heal the injury, tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars in healthcare costs, possible surgery to close the wound and possibly death [4]. Informal interviews with Veterans with SCI clarified and validated that conducting skin screening with the mirror could be very challenging due to barriers such as: not having a baseline image to compare to; the mirror image not being viewable to the user due to lack of user flexibility or body habitus; the mirror does not easily allow a complete view of all the at-risk areas; the user not being able to discern what he/she is actually viewing possibly due to mirror image distortion and limited visual acuity. The need for a better skin self-screening device was evidenced by the advanced pressure injuries Veterans presented to their healthcare providers. Finding a pressure injury in the early stages of development and intervening immediately, such as repositioning, can improve the trajectory of the injury [5]. Therefore the project goal was to offer a better tool for and improve the efficacy of skin self-screening for the Veterans with SCI. To overcome the identified barriers, our team of VA clinicians and engineers of the Minneapolis Adaptive Design & Engineering (MADE) program invented such a device at the Minneapolis VA. This paper presents the patient centered iterative process that was used to develop a skin self-screening device and the future directions for this technology.
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Book, Jennifer, Isabel Giraldo, and Sean D. Peterson. "Collapsible Load Bearing Assistive Standing Device for Paraplegics." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80356.

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There are several health benefits to persons with spinal cord injuries and other mobility related disabilities achieved by standing and load bearing for a period of time, such as enhancing psychological well-being, maintaining vital organ capacity, and reducing abnormal muscle tone and spasticity [1]. Assistive standing devices for paraplegics are normally used while individuals are attending rehabilitation centers, as these devices are often impractical or undesirable for home use. Designs of standing structures for paraplegics that are currently available on the market often take up too much floor space in the home and are expensive, costing up to $2500. Therefore, in order to extend the health benefits of standing to paraplegics with limited floor space, budget, and/or a dislike of bulky medical devices in their home, it would be beneficial to have an inexpensive, aesthetically appealing, small-footprint option available for personal use.
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Sarver, Joseph J., and Rahamim Seliktar. "A Simplified Mechanical Model to Predict Motion Restrictions of the Partially Paralyzed Shoulder." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0192.

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Abstract Shoulder motion has been studied by several researchers as a control source for a variety of rehabilitative systems such as functional electrical stimulation for the past 20 years (Mortimer et al., 1973) (Johnson and Peckham, 1990) (Fass et al., 1995). In particular studies involving partial paralysis of the muscles controlling the shoulder (such as with spinal cord injuries at the C5 and C4 level) have produced kinematic results which suggest that elevation and retraction of the shoulder are coupled. With an appropriate model of the partially paralyzed shoulder it might be possible to simulate a variety of motions which evaluate currently employed control algorithms. To that end a simplified mechanical model was developed to investigate the feasibility of developing a more complicated model of the partially paralyzed shoulder. The results of the mechanical model predicted that motion of the paralyzed shoulder would indeed be a coupling of elevation and retraction.
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Diotalevi, L., Y. Petit, L. M. Peyrache, Y. Facchinello, J. M. Mac-Thiong, and E. Wagnac. "A novel spinal cord surrogate for the study of compressive traumatic spinal cord injuries*." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857641.

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Mahmoud, Rehab, Nashwa El-Bendary, Hoda M. O. Mokhtar, and Aboul Ella Hassanien. "ICF based automation system for spinal cord injuries rehabilitation." In 2014 9th International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems (ICCES). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icces.2014.7030955.

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Piccoli, A., G. Samuels, A. Mirakaj, A. Hinkson, M. Pichardo, S. Khot, J. F. Coppola, and D. Putrino. "Immersive Virtual Reality for individuals with spinal cord injuries." In 2017 IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lisat.2017.8001959.

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Stalnaker, Richard L. "Spinal Cord Injuries to Children in Real World Accidents." In Child Occupant Protection Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/933100.

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Shetye, Snehal S., Kevin L. Troyer, Femke Streijger, Jae Lee, Brian K. Kwon, Peter Cripton, and Christian M. Puttlitz. "In Vitro Nonlinear Viscoelastic Characterization of the Porcine Spinal Cord." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14775.

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Approximately 12,400 new cases of spinal cord injuries (SCI) are reported in the United States every year. It has been estimated that the annual financial burden of SCI in the United States is approximately $7.736 billion. The mechanisms of mechanical damage to the spinal cord can be broadly classified into distraction, dislocation or contusion. Distraction injuries are predominantly caused by rapid acceleration-deceleration of the cervical spine. Vertebral burst fractures commonly result in contusion of the spinal cord and relative dislocation of adjacent vertebrae can inter-segmentally shear the spinal cord resulting in injury. Multiple studies have examined the quasi-static mechanical properties of the spinal cord [1–3]. However, considering that most spinal cord injuries occur during dynamic events with relatively high strain rates (ex: 10/s), alarmingly few studies have investigated the time-dependent mechanical characteristics of the spinal cord.
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Tanimoto, Yoshio, Kuniharu Nanba, Akihiro Tokuhiro, Hiroyuki Ukida, and Hideki Yamamoto. "Side-approach Transfer Measurement for Patient with Spinal Cord Injuries." In 2007 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference IMTC 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2007.379069.

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Reports on the topic "Spinal cord – Wounds and injuries"

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Myers, Jeremy, Sara Lenherr, John Stoffel, Sean Elliott, Blayne Welk, and Angela Presson. Comparing Bladder Management Strategies for People with Spinal Cord Injuries. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/06.2020.cer.140921348.

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Myers, Jeremy, Sara Lenherr, John Stoffel, Sean Elliott, Blayne Welk, and Angela Presson. Comparing Bladder Management Strategies for People with Spinal Cord Injuries. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute® (PCORI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/05.2020.cer.140621348.

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Krueger, Alan, and Douglas Kruse. Labor Market Effects of Spinal Cord Injuries in the Dawn of the Computer Age. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5302.

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Groah, Suzanne, Inger Ljungberg, Rochelle Tractenberg, and Amanda Rounds. Self-Management of Urinary Symptoms Using a Probiotic in People with Spinal Cord Injuries, Spina Bifida, and Multiple Sclerosis. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/12.2020.ad.131008215.

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