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Journal articles on the topic 'Spin polarized electrons'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Tereshchenko, Oleg E., Vladimir A. Golyashov, Vadim S. Rusetsky, Andrey V. Mironov, Alexander Yu Demin, and Vladimir V. Aksenov. "A new imaging concept in spin polarimetry based on the spin-filter effect." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 864–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521002307.

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The concept of an imaging-type 3D spin detector, based on the combination of spin-exchange interactions in the ferromagnetic (FM) film and spin selectivity of the electron–photon conversion effect in a semiconductor heterostructure, is proposed and demonstrated on a model system. This novel multichannel concept is based on the idea of direct transfer of a 2D spin-polarized electron distribution to image cathodoluminescence (CL). The detector is a hybrid structure consisting of a thin magnetic layer deposited on a semiconductor structure allowing measurement of the spatial and polarization-dependent CL intensity from injected spin-polarized free electrons. The idea is to use spin-dependent electron transmission through in-plane magnetized FM film for in-plane spin detection by measuring the CL intensity from recombined electrons transmitted in the semiconductor. For the incoming electrons with out-of-plane spin polarization, the intensity of circularly polarized CL light can be detected from recombined polarized electrons with holes in the semiconductor. In order to demonstrate the ability of the solid-state spin detector in the image-type mode operation, a spin detector prototype was developed, which consists of a compact proximity focused vacuum tube with a spin-polarized electron source [p-GaAs(Cs,O)], a negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathode and the target [semiconductor heterostructure with quantum wells also with NEA]. The injection of polarized low-energy electrons into the target by varying the kinetic energy in the range 0.5–3.0 eV and up to 1.3 keV was studied in image-type mode. The figure of merit as a function of electron kinetic energy and the target temperature is determined. The spin asymmetry of the CL intensity in a ferromagnetic/semiconductor (FM-SC) junction provides a compact optical method for measuring spin polarization of free-electron beams in image-type mode. The FM-SC detector has the potential for realizing multichannel 3D vectorial reconstruction of spin polarization in momentum microscope and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy systems.

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2

PAN, SHEAU-SHI, WEI-TOU NI, and SHEN-CHE CHEN. "EXPERIMENTAL SEARCH FOR ANOMALOUS SPIN-SPIN INTERACTIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 14 (May 10, 1992): 1287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392003773.

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A Cavendish-type torsion pendulum, having test masses with 2.5×1022 polarized electrons and "attracting" masses with 8×1023 polarized electrons, is used to search for an anomalous spin interaction of macroscopic range. Competition from magnetic forces is reduced by using ferrimagnetic Dy-Fe masses which exhibit orbital compensation of the electron spin magnetic moments. Combined with magnetic shielding, the sensitivity is 2×10-4 of the gravitational force. Fluctuations set the overall experimental limit at about 5 times this level. Our results set limits on electron spin interactions and on moments which are not of electromagnetic origin. In terms of a standard dipole-dipole form, the limit is 1.5 ×10-12 of the interaction strength between the magnetic moments of the electrons. Compared to previous results, this is a six-cold improvement.

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3

KHALILOV, V. R. "AHARONOV–BOHM EFFECT WITH SPIN-POLARIZED ELECTRONS." Modern Physics Letters A 21, no. 21 (July 10, 2006): 1647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306020962.

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The scattering of spin-polarized electrons in an Aharonov–Bohm vector potential is considered. The scattering cross-sections for spin-unpolarized and spin-polarized electron beams differ. It is shown that a bound electron state may occur if the interaction of electron spin with magnetic field having the form of two-dimensional delta function is included. The occurrence of bound state can modify the scattering states but the total cross-section does not change.

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4

Viglin, N. A., V. V. Ustinov, T. N. Pavlov, and V. M. Tsvelihovskaya. "Quantum Amplifier with Spin-Polarized Electrons Injection." Solid State Phenomena 168-169 (December 2010): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.168-169.43.

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A promising idea to use the transport of spin-polarized conduction electrons in a magnetic hetero-structure in order to invert population of the charge-carrier spin level in one of its layers, aiming at creation of an active environment for the electromagnetic radiation amplification, has been realized in a number of FMС/SC structures in which FMС is a ferromagnetic conductor and SC is a semiconductor. The n-InSb single crystals, featured by a high mobility of charge carriers, narrow ESR line, and anomalously high absolute value of the negative g-factor (g = −52), were used as SC. The following materials were used as FMC playing a role of spin polarizer: (i) ferromagnetic semiconductors EuO0.98Gd0.02O and HgCr2Se4, (ii) Geisler alloys Co2MnSn, Ni2MnSn and Co2MnSb. We have demonstrated that the spin-polarized electrons injection into the n-InSb semiconductor from the above-mentioned ferromagnetic materials results in a generation of the laser-type electromagnetic radiation.

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5

MISRA, A. P., G. BRODIN, M. MARKLUND, and P. K. SHUKLA. "Circularly polarized modes in magnetized spin plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 76, no. 6 (September 2, 2010): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377810000450.

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AbstractThe influence of the intrinsic spin of electrons on the propagation of circularly polarized waves in a magnetized plasma is considered. New eigenmodes are identified, one of which propagates below the electron cyclotron frequency, one above the spin-precession frequency, and another close to the spin-precession frequency. The latter corresponds to the spin modes in ferromagnets under certain conditions. In the non-relativistic motion of electrons, the spin effects become noticeable even when the external magnetic field B0 is below the quantum critical magnetic field strength, i.e. B0 < BQ = 4.4138 × 109T and the electron density satisfies n0 ≫ nc ≃ 1032m−3. The importance of electron spin (paramagnetic) resonance (ESR) for plasma diagnostics is discussed.

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6

LU, MAOWANG. "VOLTAGE-TUNABLE SPIN POLARIZATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS IN FERROMAGNETIC/SEMICONDUCTOR HYBRID NANOSYSTEM." Surface Review and Letters 13, no. 05 (October 2006): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x06008554.

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The spin-dependent electron transport in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) modulated by a stripe of magnetized ferromagnetic metal under an applied voltage was investigated theoretically. It is revealed that highly spin-polarized current can be achieved in this kind of nanosystems. It is also shown that the spin polarity of the electron transport can be switched by adjusting the applied voltage to the stripe in the device. These interesting properties may provide an alternative scheme to spin polarize electrons into semiconductors, and this device may be used as a voltage-tunable spin filter.

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7

Penn, David R., S. P. Apell, and S. M. Girvin. "Spin polarized secondary electrons; theory." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 54-57 (February 1986): 1041–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(86)90372-0.

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8

Kowalski, Stanley. "Spin physics with polarized electrons." Nuclear Physics A 553 (March 1993): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(93)90667-m.

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9

Hieu, Nguyen Van, and Nguyen Bich Ha. "SPIN-POLARIZED PHOTOCURRENT THROUGH QUANTUM DOT PHOTODETECTOR." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 24, no. 1&2 (November 15, 2017): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.185.

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The theory of the photocurrent through the photodetector based on a two-level semiconductor quantum dot (QD) is presented. The analytical expressions of the matrix elements of the electronic transitions generated by the absorption of the circularly polarized photons are derived in the lowest order of the perturbation theory with respect to the electron tunneling interaction as well as the electron-photon interaction. From these expressions the mechanism of the generation of the spin-polarized of electrons in the photocurrent is evident. It follows that the photodetector based on the two-level semiconductor QD can be used as the model of a source of highly spinpolarized electrons.

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10

Madison, D. H., V. D. Kravtsov, S. Jones, and R. P. McEachran. "Ionization of heavy inert gases by spin-polarized electrons." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1996): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-116.

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In the collision of a spin-polarized electron with an atom, it is only natural to assume that any observed difference between spin-up and spin-down electrons must originate from spin-dependent forces in the interaction. However, it has been known for sometime that, for inelastic electron-atom scattering, a non-zero spin asymmetry can result from the coulomb interaction ignoring spin-dependent forces on the projectile. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the same type of effect may be expected for ionization of the heavier inert gases. Theoretical results are compared with recent unpublished experimental measurements.

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11

LU, MAO-WANG. "ELECTRON-SPIN FILTERING IN HYBRID FERROMAGNETIC/SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSYSTEM." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 05 (February 20, 2007): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984907012645.

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The spin-dependent transport of electrons in realistic ferromagnetic/semiconductor hybrid nanosystems was investigated theoretically. This kind of nanosystem can be experimentally realized by depositing a magnetized ferromagnetic strip with arbitrary magnetization direction on the surface of a semiconductor heterostructure. It is revealed that a large spin-polarized current can be achieved in such a device. It is also shown that the spin polarity of the electron transport can be switched by adjusting the structural parameters and location of the ferromagntic strip in the system. These interesting properties may provide an alternative scheme to spin-polarized electrons into semiconductors, and such a nanosystem may be used as a spin filter.

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12

Hanne, G. F. "(e,2e) experiments with spin-polarized electrons." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1996): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-115.

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Recent experimental work on (e,2e) coincidences involving polarized electrons is reviewed. The origin of the observed spin asymmetries are exchange effects, spin-orbit interaction of the continuum electrons, and spin-orbit coupling within the target in conjunction with orbital orientation and exchange. These mechanisms are explained in some detail. Experimental and theoretical investigations of spin effects have been performed for ionization of outer shell electrons as well as for ionization of inner shell electrons.

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13

Peshkov, A. A. "Spin-polarization effects in Cherenkov radiation from electrons." Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 7 (July 2020): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0441.

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A quantum electrodynamical theory of Cherenkov radiation emitted by spin-polarized electrons moving in an isotropic medium is developed within the density matrix framework. Special attention is paid to the polarization properties of the emitted photons described by means of Stokes parameters. It is demonstrated that, although the Cherenkov radiation is primarily linearly polarized in the plane containing the direction of observation and the path of the electrons, the photons may have a small component of circular polarization of the order of 3 × 10−6 for electron kinetic energy of 500 keV due to the initial electron spin polarization, whose existence can be confirmed by sensitive measurements in the future.

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14

KIM, Jae Seok, and Kyung-Soo YI. "Spin-resolved Dielectric Functions of Spin-Polarized Electrons." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 51, no. 12 (October 31, 2007): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.51.111.

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15

Roch, Jonas Gaël, Guillaume Froehlicher, Nadine Leisgang, Peter Makk, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, and Richard John Warburton. "Spin-polarized electrons in monolayer MoS2." Nature Nanotechnology 14, no. 5 (March 11, 2019): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0397-y.

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16

Snell, G., M. Drescher, N. Müller, U. Heinzmann, U. Hergenhahn, J. Viefhaus, F. Heiser, U. Becker, and N. B. Brookes. "Spin Polarized Auger Electrons: The XeM4,5N4,5N4,5Case." Physical Review Letters 76, no. 21 (May 20, 1996): 3923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.3923.

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17

Yasuda, Masaaki, Keiji Tamura, Hiroaki Kawata, and Kenji Murata. "Simulation of spin-polarized secondary electrons." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 34, no. 13 (June 19, 2001): 1955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/34/13/305.

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18

Kohashi, Teruo. "Magnetization Analysis by Spin-Polarized Scanning Electron Microscopy." Scanning 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2420747.

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Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM) is a method for observing magnetic-domain structures by detecting the spin polarization of secondary electrons. It has several unique abilities such as detection of full magnetization orientation and high-spatial-resolution measurement. Several spin-SEM experiments have demonstrated that it is a promising method for studying various types of magnetic materials and devices. This review paper presents several spin-SEM observations to demonstrate the capability and potential of spin SEM.

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19

Singh, Shiv, and Punit Kumar. "Ponderomotive effects in spin—polarized quantum plasma." Laser Physics 33, no. 7 (May 18, 2023): 076004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/acd374.

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Abstract Analysis of ponderomotive effects exciting from propagation of an intense laser pulse through high density quantum plasma under the influence of an axial magnetic field taking into consideration the spin–spin (up and down) exchange interaction. The effects of electron Fermi pressure, quantum Bohm potential, and electron spin have been included in the analysis. Spin polarization is a result of the concentration difference of opposite spin electrons which is produced under the influence of the applied magnetic field. Axial gradient of the ponderomotive potential of laser has been applied for the electron acceleration. An analytic solution of the electron energy gain is obtained and the influence of spin polarization is analyzed both numerically and analytically. It is observed that spin polarization, density perturbation and the magnetic field effect electron acceleration dramatically. Further, the effect of nonlinearity on the refractive index of plasma has been studied.

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20

NI, WEI-TOU, SHEAU-SHI PAN, T. C. P. CHUI, and BO-YUAN CHENG. "SEARCH FOR ANOMALOUS SPIN-SPIN INTERACTIONS USING A PARAMAGNETIC SALT WITH A DC SQUID." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 29 (November 20, 1993): 5153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9300206x.

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We use a paramagnetic salt TbF3 with a DC SQUID to search for a possible anomalous spin-spin interaction of two rotating HoFe3 polarized bodies with the TbF3 paramagnetic salt. We set limits on the electron-electron spin interaction and the electron-nucleus spin interaction. In terms of a standard dipole-dipole form, the limits are (−2.1 ±3.5)×10−14 for the anomalous spin-spin interaction of electrons in terms of the interaction strength between the magnetic moments of the electrons, and (−2.1±3.6)×10−8 for the anomalous spin-spin interaction between the electron and the Ho-nucleus in terms of the interaction strength between the magnetic moments of the electron and the Ho-nucleus.

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21

KÜMMELL, T., M. GHALI, J. HUANG, R. ARIANS, G. BACHER, J. WENISCH, and K. BRUNNER. "ELECTRICAL INJECTION AND OPTICAL READOUT OF SPIN STATES IN A SINGLE QUANTUM DOT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2009): 2826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062402.

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We demonstrate electrically driven spin injection into a single semiconductor quantum dot. Spin polarized electrons are transferred from a diluted magnetic semiconductor ( ZnMnSe ) into InAs quantum dots embedded into GaAs barriers. The spin information can be extracted directly from the polarization degree of the electroluminescence signal stemming from an individual quantum dot. By slightly modifying the device design, we demonstrate a concept to electrically charge the quantum dot by a spin polarized electron and present a simple way to probe this spin state optically.

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22

Unguris, J., G. G. Hembree, R. J. Celotta, and D. T. Pierce. "Scanning electron microscopy with spin polarized electrons (invited) (abstract)." Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 8 (April 15, 1987): 4307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338454.

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23

Tereshchenko, Oleg E., Vladimir A. Golyashov, Vadim S. Rusetsky, Danil A. Kustov, Andrey V. Mironov, and Alexander Yu Demin. "Vacuum Spin LED: First Step towards Vacuum Semiconductor Spintronics." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030422.

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Improving the efficiency of spin generation, injection, and detection remains a key challenge for semiconductor spintronics. Electrical injection and optical orientation are two methods of creating spin polarization in semiconductors, which traditionally require specially tailored p-n junctions, tunnel or Schottky barriers. Alternatively, we introduce here a novel concept for spin-polarized electron emission/injection combining the optocoupler principle based on vacuum spin-polarized light-emitting diode (spin VLED) making it possible to measure the free electron beam polarization injected into the III-V heterostructure with quantum wells (QWs) based on the detection of polarized cathodoluminescence (CL). To study the spin-dependent emission/injection, we developed spin VLEDs, which consist of a compact proximity-focused vacuum tube with a spin-polarized electron source (p-GaAs(Cs,O) or Na2KSb) and the spin detector (III-V heterostructure), both activated to a negative electron affinity (NEA) state. The coupling between the photon helicity and the spin angular momentum of the electrons in the photoemission and injection/detection processes is realized without using either magnetic material or a magnetic field. Spin-current detection efficiency in spin VLED is found to be 27% at room temperature. The created vacuum spin LED paves the way for optical generation and spin manipulation in the developing vacuum semiconductor spintronics.

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24

Vodinas, N. P., D. W. Higinbotham, C. W. De Jager, N. H. Papadakis, and I. Passchier. "A Compton Backscattering Polarimeter for Electron Beams below 1 GeV." HNPS Proceedings 7 (December 5, 2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2409.

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A recently installed polarized electron source will allow internal target experiments to be performed with polarized electrons at the NIKHEF Internal Target Hall, lb measure the longitudinal component of the polarization vector of the stored electron beam, a Polarimeter based on spin-dependent Compton scattering has been developed and successfully commissioned

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25

Li, Hui, Masaki Maekawa, A. Miyashita, and Atsuo Kawasuso. "Spin-Polarized Positron Annihilation Study on Some Ferromagnets." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.65.

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We briefly review the spin-polarized positron annihilation experiments on some ferromagnets (Fe, Co, Ni, Gd, Co2MnSi, Co2MnAl and NiMnSb) using positron beams generated with 68Ge-68Ga sources. The differential DBAR spectra between majority and minority spin electrons are well interpreted by the first principles band structure calculation. This further provides information about the half-metallicity of the Heusler alloys. The surfaces of Fe, Co and Ni are more negatively spin-polarized, that is, there are more majority than minority spin electrons. To explain the observed spin polarization quantitatively, detailed theoretical calculations and further experiments are required.

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26

Paja, A., and B. J. Spisak. "Transport Relaxation Time of Spin-Polarized Electrons." Acta Physica Polonica A 106, no. 1 (July 2004): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.106.69.

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27

Dragoman, D. "Spin-polarized beam splitter for ballistic electrons." Physica B: Condensed Matter 367, no. 1-4 (October 2005): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2005.06.002.

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28

Wiesendanger, R., H. J. G�ntherodt, G. G�ntherodt, R. J. Gambino, and R. Ruf. "Scanning tunneling microscopy with spin-polarized electrons." Zeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter 80, no. 1 (February 1990): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01390646.

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29

Landolt, M., R. Allenspach, and M. Taborelli. "Spin-polarized Auger electrons from magnetic surfaces." Surface Science Letters 178, no. 1-3 (December 1986): A650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(86)90155-6.

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30

Landolt, M., R. Allenspach, and M. Taborelli. "Spin-polarized Auger electrons from magnetic surfaces." Surface Science 178, no. 1-3 (December 1986): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(86)90307-9.

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31

Borsje, H. R., H. W. H. M. Jongbloets, R. J. H. Kappert, J. C. Fuggle, S. F. Alvarado, R. Rochow, and M. Campagna. "Bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy with spin‐polarized electrons." Review of Scientific Instruments 61, no. 2 (February 1990): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141947.

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32

Orellana, P. A., L. Rosales, L. Chico, and M. Pacheco. "Spin-polarized electrons in bilayer graphene ribbons." Journal of Applied Physics 113, no. 21 (June 7, 2013): 213710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4809752.

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33

Hembree, G. G., J. Unguris, R. J. Celotta, and D. T. Pierce. "Magnetic microstructure imaging by secondary electron spin polarization analysis." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 634–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100144619.

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Recent research has shown that the low energy secondary electrons generated from ferromagnetic material are spin polarized. The secondary electron polarization yields a signal which is directly proportional to the magnitude and direction of the magnetization within the volume of material in which the electrons were generated. This signal can be used in a scanning electron microscope to image the microstructure of magnetic domains on the surface of ferromagnetic materials.We have incorporated a new compact spin polarization analyzer into a commercial UHV SEM. A schematic diagram of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. The secondary electrons are extracted from the sample and are then focused into a hemispherical energy analyzer which filters out the high energy electrons.

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34

Christov, Ivan P. "Spatial Entanglement of Fermions in One-Dimensional Quantum Dots." Entropy 23, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070868.

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The time-dependent quantum Monte Carlo method for fermions is introduced and applied in the calculation of the entanglement of electrons in one-dimensional quantum dots with several spin-polarized and spin-compensated electron configurations. The rich statistics of wave functions provided by this method allow one to build reduced density matrices for each electron, and to quantify the spatial entanglement using measures such as quantum entropy by treating the electrons as identical or distinguishable particles. Our results indicate that the spatial entanglement in parallel-spin configurations is rather small, and is determined mostly by the spatial quantum nonlocality introduced by the ground state. By contrast, in the spin-compensated case, the outermost opposite-spin electrons interact like bosons, which prevails their entanglement, while the inner-shell electrons remain largely at their Hartree–Fock geometry. Our findings are in close correspondence with the numerically exact results, wherever such comparison is possible.

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35

PETER, A. JOHN. "SPONTANEOUS SPIN POLARIZATION OF ELECTRONS IN SiGe/Si HETEROSTRUCTURES." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 05 (October 2010): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10007137.

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The spin-dependent electron transmission phenomenon in an SiGe/Si/SiGe resonant semiconductor heterostructure is employed theoretically to investigate the output transmission current polarization at zero magnetic field. Transparency of electron transmission is calculated as a function of electron energy as well as the well width, within the one electron band approximation along with the spin-orbit interaction. Enhanced spin-polarized resonant tunneling in the heterostructure due to Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit coupling induced splitting of the resonant level is observed. We predict that a spin-polarized current spontaneously emerges in this heterostructure and we estimate theoretically that the polarization can reach 100%. This effect could be employed in the fabrication of spin filters, spin injectors, and detectors based on nonmagnetic semiconductors.

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36

WANG, SHIH-LIANG, WEI-TOU NI, and SHEAU-SHI PAN. "NEW EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT ON THE SPATIAL ANISOTROPY FOR POLARIZED ELECTRONS." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 39 (December 21, 1993): 3715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393003445.

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Is our laboratory in an isotropic state for spin states? For example, motion of the earth through the cosmic neutrino background would produce a term of the form gσ · v in the energy of an electron. Certain kinds of vacuum states have this effect on electrons too. To search for such a term or a term like g′σ · n where n is a particular direction in the universe, we use a torsion pendulum carrying a transversely spin-polarized ferrimagnetic Dy-Fe mass which exhibit orbital compensation of the electron intrinsic spin magnetic moments. With this magnetic compensated mass, pure-Fe and µ-metal shields reduced magnetic torques to a good extent. The searched terms would produce a sinusoidal oscillation of the pendulum with a period of one sidereal day. We have not detected such an oscillation. Analysis of our experimental results gives a limit 3.5×10−18 eV for the splitting of the spin states of an electron at rest on the Earth. Compared to previous results, this is an improvement of more than a factor of 2.

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37

Hai-Bing, Ding, Pang Wen-Ning, Liu Yi-Bao, and Shang Ren-Cheng. "Polarization Measurement of Spin-Polarized Electrons by Optical Electron Polarimeter." Chinese Physics Letters 22, no. 10 (September 22, 2005): 2546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/22/10/024.

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38

Wang, Y. G. "Electron Holography Characterization of Potential Barrier in a Spin Valve Structure with Nano-Oxide Layers." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 4077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.4077.

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The potential barrier at the metal/oxide junction in a specular spin valve structure with nano-oxide layers has been mapped by off-axis electron holography in a field emission gun transmission electron microscope. A potential jump of ~3V across the metal/oxide junction was detected. Presence of the potential barrier confirms formation of metal/insulator/metal structure, which contributes to confinement of conductance electrons with spin polarity characteristic in the key SV structure by the specular reflection of the spin-polarized electrons at the metal/oxide junction and leads to nearly double enhancement of magnetoresistance (MR) ratio from 8% to ~16%.

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39

Bloom, B. P., Y. Lu, Tzuriel Metzger, Shira Yochelis, Yossi Paltiel, Claudio Fontanesi, Suryakant Mishra, Francesco Tassinari, Ron Naaman, and D. H. Waldeck. "Asymmetric reactions induced by electron spin polarization." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 38 (2020): 21570–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03129a.

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40

LU, MAO-WANG. "SPIN POLARIZATION OF ELECTRONS BY DEPOSITING HYBRID FERROMAGNETIC STRIPES ON A SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURE." Surface Review and Letters 11, no. 03 (June 2004): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x04006220.

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One type of combined magnetically modulated nanostructures is proposed that can be experimentally realized by depositing two hybrid ferromagnetic stripes on the surface of a semiconductor heterostructure. Since these two stripes induce different magnetic barriers, the electron transmission and the conductance of nanostructure are strongly dependent upon the electronic spins. Thus, in this kind of hybrid magnetic nanostructures, electrons show up a considerable spin polarization effect, which provides an alternative approach to realization of spin-polarized electrons into semiconductors and may be of practical importance for spin-based nanodevice applications.

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41

Deutsch, Maxime, Béatrice Gillon, Nicolas Claiser, Jean-Michel Gillet, Claude Lecomte, and Mohamed Souhassou. "First spin-resolved electron distributions in crystals from combined polarized neutron and X-ray diffraction experiments." IUCrJ 1, no. 3 (April 14, 2014): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252514007283.

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Since the 1980s it has been possible to probe crystallized matter, thanks to X-ray or neutron scattering techniques, to obtain an accurate charge density or spin distribution at the atomic scale. Despite the description of the same physical quantity (electron density) and tremendous development of sources, detectors, data treatment softwareetc., these different techniques evolved separately with one model per experiment. However, a breakthrough was recently made by the development of a common model in order to combine information coming from all these different experiments. Here we report the first experimental determination of spin-resolved electron density obtained by a combined treatment of X-ray, neutron and polarized neutron diffraction data. These experimental spin up and spin down densities compare very well with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and also confirm a theoretical prediction made in 1985 which claims that majority spin electrons should have a more contracted distribution around the nucleus than minority spin electrons. Topological analysis of the resulting experimental spin-resolved electron density is also briefly discussed.

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42

McClelland, J. J., M. H. Kelley, and R. J. Celotta. "Spin-Orbit and Exchange Effects in Elastic Scattering of Spin-Polarized Electrons from Spin-Polarized Na Atoms." Physical Review Letters 58, no. 21 (May 25, 1987): 2198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.58.2198.

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43

Browning, R., T. VanZandt, and M. Landolt. "Using an iron overlayer to enhance contrast in SEMPA." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176964.

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Secondary electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA), uses the spin polarization of the low energy secondary electrons to image the surface magnetization of a magnetic sample. However, many systems of interest to the magnetic recording industry have a low secondary electron spin polarization. This is because, either the material’s magnetization is low, or because surface treatments have reduced the spin polarization. The low spin polarized contrast from these samples means that detailed study of the characteristics of a recorded field is very time consuming. Typically tens of minutes are needed to collect a single image that may cover a very small part of a sample. As a result, it is difficult to provide sufficient information over the range of length scales needed to characterize the magnetic distribution.One method by which the problem of low spin polarized contrast may be overcome, is to use an overlayer with a high spin polarization. This film must be thin, and magnetically soft to minimize any change in the sample’s magnetization. Pure Fe films appear suitable, and high spin polarized contrast can be observed in nanometer thick fims of Fe.

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44

Krajewska, K., and J. Z. Kamiński. "Spin effects in nonlinear Compton scattering in ultrashort linearly-polarized laser pulses." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 3 (July 11, 2013): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000165.

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AbstractThe nonlinear Compton scattering by a linearly polarized laser pulse of finite duration is analyzed, with a focus on the spin effects of target electrons. We show that, although the Compton scattering accompanied by the electron no-spin flip is dominant, for some energy regions of Compton photons their emission is dominated by the process leading to the electron spin flip. This feature is observed for different pulse durations, and can be treated as a signature of quantum behavior. Similar conclusions are reached when analyzing the scattered electron energy spectra. This time, the sensitivity of spin effects to the carrier-envelope phase of the driving pulse is demonstrated. The possibility of electron acceleration by means of Compton scattering is also discussed.

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SHI, LIANG-MA. "POLARIZED SPIN STATE AND INTERMITTENT SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN MESOSCOPIC SUPERCONDUCTING RINGS." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 13 (May 10, 2013): 1350091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913500917.

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Ground states are studied by solving a modified Ginzburg–Landau model for mesoscopic metallic superconducting rings. It is found that surface effect related spin-orbit (SO) interaction can generate an effective orbital magnetic field of opposite orientations for spin-up and spin-down electrons which leads to spin-polarized states with opposite chirality. The quantum phase transition between the spin-polarized states and spin singlet superconducting states can occur by applying an external magnetic field normal to the ring-plane.

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46

Kabachnik, Nikolay M., and Irina P. Sazhina. "Spin Polarization of Electrons in Two-Color XUV + Optical Photoionization of Atoms." Atoms 10, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10020066.

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The spin polarization of photoelectrons in two-color XUV + optical multiphoton ionization is theoretically considered using strong field approximation. We assume that both the XUV and the optical radiation are circularly polarized. It is shown that the spin polarization is basically determined by the XUV photoabsorption and that the sidebands are spin polarized as well. Their polarization may be larger or smaller than that of the central photoelectron line depending on the helicity of the dressing field.

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47

YASUDA, Masaaki, Keiji TAMURA, Ryuhei KATSUSE, Hiroaki KAWATA, and Kenji MURATA. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Spin-Polarized Secondary Electrons." SHINKU 44, no. 3 (2001): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.44.256.

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Meier, F., J. C. Gröbli, D. Guarisco, A. Vaterlaus, Y. Yashin, Y. Mamaev, B. Yavich, and I. Kochnev. "Spin-polarized electrons from InxGa1-xAs thin films." Physica Scripta T49B (January 1, 1993): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1993/t49b/034.

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49

McClelland, J. J., M. H. Kelley, and R. J. Celotta. "Superelastic scattering of spin-polarized electrons from sodium." Physical Review A 40, no. 5 (September 1, 1989): 2321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.40.2321.

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50

Golecki, Ph, and H. Klar. "from laser-excited atoms with spin-polarized electrons." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 32, no. 7 (January 1, 1999): 1647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/32/7/008.

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