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Academic literature on the topic 'Spin fractionnaire'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spin fractionnaire"
Faini, Giancarlo. "Étude de l'emboitement quantifié fractionnaire dans le métal organique (TMTSF)₂ClO₄." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112088.
Full textOrganic metal (TMTSF)₂Cl0₄ displays, at low temperature, a field induced phase transition to a semi-metallic state. This state is characterized by a magnetic field induced spin density wave (MFISDW). As the field is varied, a cascade of transitions occurs between MFISDW phases of distinct spatial periodicities. This behavior rises in the compromise solution between the nesting condition and the Landau levels quantization condition. To satisfy diamagnetic energy minimization, the electronic system keeps the Fermi level in a Landau gap by means of the deformation of the Fermi surface. In order to perform magneto caloric investigations, we developed a very high-performance device particularly adapted to small samples. We have measured the isofield magnetization coefficient in (TMTSF)₂Cl0₄, as a function of the magnetic field. The field was sweeped from 4 to 7 Tesla. In a 375-800 mK temperature range. We give prominence to a new set of transitions in (TMTSF)₂Cl0₄. Then, each MFISDW phase is split in MFISDW subphases. The explanation of this behavior requires a fractional quantization of the nesting vector. The Fermi surface is in fact formed by several pockets of unpaired carriers. By tunneling, the carriers form a larger pocket. As a result of the integer quantization of the magnetic flux through this new pocket, the nesting of the two sheets of the Fermi surface appears to be quantized in a fractional manner. We have performed thermodynamic investigations in (TMTSF)₂Cl0₄ for different ordered states. We propose a new phase diagram for this compound that shows a set of new branches leading to the arborescence of phase transition lines. This treelike structure separates a great number of nested MFISDW sub phases
Regnault, Nicolas. "Solutions exactes de la gravité réduite : effet Hall quantique de spin." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001360.
Full textMarut, Clotilde. "La théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité d'ensemble : une alternative pour décrire les états excités et pour pallier aux limitations des méthodes ab initio standard." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30312.
Full textOver the last few decades, density-functional theory (DFT) has proved to be a rigorous approach for describing the ground-state of any electronic system. Due to a relatively low computational cost and the elaboration of sophisticated density-functional approximations (DFAs), DFT became the prevailing method used in electronic-structure calculations. Still, there remain numerous challenges that standard DFAs fail to overcome. These limitations are not attributed to failures of the theory itself but are rather due to deficiencies of the currently used approximate exchange-correlation (xc) functionals. There exists a generalization of ground-state DFT to fractional occupation numbers which allows for the description of systems with fractional number of electrons, PPLB-DFT. Such grand canonical extension of DFT can be achieved through the use of the ensemble formalism and enables direct extraction of charged excitation energies and other properties from a single DFT-like calculation. Unfortunately, the inability of commonly used exchange-correlation DFAs to mimic the infamous derivative discontinuity (DD) has proved to be highly detrimental to the prediction of charged excitations such as ionization potentials and electron affinities, yielding substantial errors, and known as the fundamental-gap problem. Regarding this matter, ensemble DFT (eDFT) offers a very appealing alternative benefiting from the possibility for explicitly weight-dependent xc-functionals to mimic the infamous DD through their derivatives with respect to the ensemble weights. DFT is known to possess deficiencies when it comes to computing charged and neutral excitations. The most popular way to access neutrally excited states within the scope of DFT is through its time-dependent extension, TD-DFT. Indeed, one would usually turn to TD-DFT to get accurate transition energies for low-lying excited-states with a relatively moderate computational cost. Although TD-DFT has been incredibly successful to access neutral excitation energies, it still suffers from some limitations and fails to provide accurate descriptions of some phenomena and properties. eDFT constitutes a promising alternative to TD-DFT for computing electronic excitation energies. In eDFT, it is possible to extract any neutral excitation energies of a N-electron system from a single calculation through the use of a Gross-Oliveira-Kohn (GOK) ensemble, with a similar computational cost and level of approximation for the xc-functional than in an usual DFT calculation. GOK-DFT is a less well-known but comparably rigorous alternative to TD-DFT where the large choice of ensemble weights and the weight-dependence of DFAs can significantly impact the accuracy of the energies. In DFT, it is well-known that the HOMO-LUMO gap can be a very poor estimation of the fundamental gap of the system, whereas eDFT may provide better predictions. Nevertheless, accessing charged excitations usually require to vary the number of electrons of the system, which can be problematic for some systems. Very recently, a new canonical eDFT formalism has been developed, the N-centered formalism, which allows for the extraction of charged excitation energies without any alteration of the number of electrons of the system. The behaviour of standard approximations in the scope of eDFT may provide additional insight into the intrinsic systematic errors of DFAs, such as the violation of the piecewise-linearity and constancy-condition exact properties. Indeed, poor descriptions of systems with fractional charges and fractional spins have shown to have major implications on the description of strongly correlated systems, which are known to suffer from large static-correlation errors, as well as on the prediction of asymptotic integer dissociations and band-gap predictions. These considerations may lead the way to further development and refinement of the DFT scheme towards both current and emerging applications
Dawood, Ihssan. "Modélisation du transfert de métaux lourds dans les sols non saturés (modèle fractionnaire hydrogéochimique)." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422621.
Full textRiu, Delphine. "Modélisation des courants induits dans les machines électriques par des systèmes d'ordre un demi." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598516.
Full textNabti, Abderrazak. "Non linear, non-local evolution equations : theory and application." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS032.
Full textOur objective in this thesis is to study the existence of local solutions, existence global and blow up of solutions at a finite time to some nonlinear nonlocal Schrödinger equations. In the case when a solution blows-up at a finite time T < 1, we obtain an upper estimate of the life span of solutions. In the first chapter, we consider a nonlinear Schrödinger equation on RN. We first prove local existence of solution for any initial condition in L2 space. Then we prove nonexistence of a nontrivial global weak solution. Furthermore, we prove that the L2-norm of the local intime L2-solution blows up at a finite time. The second chapter is dedicated to study an initial value problem for the nonlocal intime nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Using the test function method, we derive a blow-up result. Then based on integral inequalities, we estimate the life span of blowing-up solutions. In the chapter 3, we prove nonexistence result of a space higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Then, we obtain an upper bound of the life span of solutions. Furthermore, the necessary conditions for the existence of local or global solutions are provided. Next, we extend our results to the 2 _ 2-system. Our method of proof rests on a judicious choice of the test function in the weak formulation of the equation. Finally, we consider a nonlinear nonlocal in time Schrödinger equation on the Heisenberg group. We prove nonexistence of non-trivial global weak solution of our problem. Furthermore, we give an upper bound of the life span of blowing up solutions
Jaumouillé, Elodie. "Contrôle de l'état hydraulique dans un réseau d'eau potable pour limiter les pertes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443827.
Full textRacewicz, Szymon. "Identification et modélisation d'ordre fractionnaire des machines synchrones fonctionnant comme générateur." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552148.
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