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1

Trifu, Alexandru Vladimir. "Mesures de couples de spin orbite dans des héterostructures métal lourde/ferromagnet à base de Pt, avec anisotropie magnétique planaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY044/document.

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La loi de Moore est basée sur l’observation empirique qu’environ chaque deux années, le nombre de transistors dans des circuits denses intégrées double. Cette tendance s'est bien maintenue au cours des dernières décennies (années 1970 et suivantes). Cependant, la miniaturisation continue des transistors entraîne une augmentation significative des pertes d’énergie par le courant de fuite, ce qui augmente la consommation d'énergie de veille. Cette perte d’énergie est devenue un problème majeur dans la microélectronique pendant les dernières années, ce qui rend plus difficile le développement des nouvelles technologies. L’une des solutions est de placer des éléments mémoire non-volatile dans le puce, qui retiennent la configuration du transistor pendant la mise hors tension et permettent de le restaurer à la mise sous tension. Les Magnetic Random Access Memories (MRAM) sont considérées par l'ITRS comme un candidat crédible pour le remplacement potentiel de SRAM et de DRAM au-delà du nœud technologique de 20 nm. Bien que les exigences de base pour la lecture et l'écriture d'un élément de mémoire unique sont remplies, l'approche actuelle basée sur Spin Torque Transfer (STT) souffre d'un manque inné de la flexibilité. Le courant électrique entraine le retournement de l’aimantation de la couche ferromagnétique libre par le transfert du moment angulaire d’une couche ferromagnétique adjacent. Ainsi les éléments de mémoire basées sur STT ont deux terminaux dont les voies de courant pour « écriture » et « lecture » sont définies par la forme de «pillar». L’optimisation indépendant des paramètres d’écriture et de lecture reste, donc, très difficile. Au même temps, la densité de courant trop haute, nécessaire pour écrire, conduit à la vieillissement prémature du jonction tunnel. En conséquence, l’intégration MRAM dans la technologie du semi-conducteur reste, donc, difficile.Démonstrations récentes de reversement d’aimantation entrainées par l’injection d’un courant planaire dans des heterostructures métal lourd/ferromagnet ont attiré l’attention croissante sur les couples de spin basé sur le transfert du moment angulaire par l’effet Hall de spin et les effets d’interface. Contrairement à STT-MRAM, la SOT-MRAM a trois terminaux, dont les voies de courant pour « écriture » et « lecture » sont indépendantes. Cela permet d’améliorer les paramètres « écriture » et « lecture » de manière indépendante. Pour contrôler et optimiser les SOT il est nécessaire de comprendre très bien leur origine. Cela reste l’une des plus importantes questions dont on n’a pas une réponse définitive. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs études ont conclu sur un modèle basé seulement sur l’effet Hall de spin, en même temps que d’autres ont suggéré un modèle basé sur une contribution combiné de l’effet Hall de spin et l’effet d’interface.L’objectif de cette thèse est de réaliser une étude systématique sur les effets d’interface sur les SOT dans des heterostructures métal lourde/ferromagnet a base de Pt, avec aimantation planaire.Dans ce but, cette thèse explore trois voies différentes. Premièrement nous avons modifié le rapport entre les effets d’interface et les effets bulk en changeant l’épaisseur de la couche de Pt et en suivant l’évolution des SOT. En deuxième nous avons exploré des différents empilements métal lourde/ferromagnet afin d’étudier différentes interfaces. Finalement, nous avons changé les propriétés des interfaces soit par changer la structure cristalline soit par oxydation. La technique de mesure, la méthode d’analyse de données associé et les aspects théoriques nécessaires pour l’interprétation des données sont aussi détaillés dans ce manuscrit
Moore’s law is based on empirical observation and states that every two years approximately, the number of transistors in dense integrated circuits doubles. This trend has held up well in the past several decades (1970s and onwards). However, the continuous miniaturisation of transistors brings about a significant increase in leakage current, which increases the stand-by power consumption. This energy loss has become a major problem in microelectronics during the last several years, making the development of new technologies more difficult. One of the solutions that can address this issue is to place non-volatile memory elements inside the chip, that retain the configuration of the transistor during power-off and allow to restore it at power-on. Magnetic Random Access Memories (MRAM) are considered by the ITRS as a credible candidate for the potential replacement for SRAM and DRAM beyond the 20 nm technological node. Though the basic requirements for reading and writing a single memory element are fulfilled, the present approach based on Spin Transfer Torque (STT) suffers from an innate lack of flexibility. The electric current drives the magnetization switching of a free ferromagnetic layer by transferring angular momentum from an adjacent ferromagnet. Therefore, STT-based memory elements are two terminal devices in which the “pillar” shape defines both the “read” and the “write” current paths. Independent optimisation of the reading and writing parameters is therefore difficult, while the large writing current density injected through the tunnel barrier causes its accelerated ageing, particularly for fast switching. Consequently, the integration of MRAM into semiconductor technology poses significant difficulties.Recent demonstrations of magnetization switching induced by in-plane current injection in heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnet (FM) heterostructures have drawn increasing attention to spin-torques based on orbital-to-spin momentum transfer induced by Spin Hall and interfacial effects (SOTs). Unlike STT-MRAM, the in-plane current injection geometry of SOT-MRAM allows for a three-terminal device which decouples the “read” and “write” mechanisms, allowing the independent tuning of reading and writing parameters. However, an essential first step in order to control and optimise the SOTs for any kind of application, is to better understand their origin. The origin of the SOTs remains one of the most important unanswered questions to date. While some experimental studies suggest a SHE (Spin Hall Effect)-only model for the SOTs, others point towards a combined contribution of the bulk (SHE) and interface (Rashba Effect and Interfacial SHE). At the same time, many studies start with a SHE only hypothesis and do not consider interfacial effects. Furthermore, there are not so many systematic studies on the effects of interfaces. This thesis tries to fill in this gap, by providing a systematic study on the effects of interfaces on the SOTs, in Pt-based NM/FM/HM multilayers with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. For this purpose, this thesis explores three different, but related avenues. First, we changed the interface/bulk effect ratio by modifying the Pt thickness and following the evolution of the SOTs. Second, we explored different HM/FM/NM combinations, in order to study different interfaces. And third, we changed the properties of the interfaces by changing the crystallographic structure of the interface and by oxidation. The measurement technique and associated data analysis method, as well as the theoretical considerations needed for the interpretation of the results are also detailed in this manuscript
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2

Kalappattil, Vijaysankar. "Spin Seebeck effect and related phenomena in functional magnetic oxides." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7632.

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In recent years, Spin Seebeck effect (SSE) emerges as one of the efficient and easiest ways to generate pure spin current for spintronics devices. In this dissertation, we have systematically studied the SSE and related phenomena like spin Hall magneto-resistance (SMR), anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) in functional magnetic oxides for both fundamental understanding of their origins and practical ways to apply into technological devices. The research has been performed on three different systems of topical interest: (i) Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Pt and YIG/C60/Pt, (ii) CoFe2O4 (CFO)/Pt and CFO/C60/Pt, and (iii) Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (NSMO). In case of the YIG/Pt structure, we have achieved a new consensus regarding the temperature dependence of the longitudinal SSE (LSSE). For the first time, we have demonstrated the temperature dependence of LSSE in association with the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (HK) and surface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field (HKS) of YIG in the same YIG/Pt system. We show that on lowering temperature, the sharp drop in LSSE signal (VLSSE) and the sudden increases in HK and HKS at ~175 K are associated with the spin reorientation due to single ion anisotropy of Fe2+ ions. The VLSSE peak at ~75 K is attributed to the HKS and MS (saturation magnetization) whose peaks also occur at the same temperature. The effects of surface and bulk magnetic anisotropies are corroborated with those of thermally excited magnon number and magnon propagation length to satisfactorily explain the temperature dependence of LSSE in the Pt/YIG system. As a new way to reduce conductivity mismatch, promote spin transport, and tune the spin mixing conductance (G) at the YIG/Pt interface, we have deposited an organic semiconductor (OSC), C60, between ferrimagnetic material (FM) and Pt. Transverse susceptibility study on YIG/C60/Pt has shown that the deposition of C60 has reduced HKS at the surface of YIG significantly, due to the hybridization between the dz2 orbital in Fe and C atoms, leading to the overall increase in spin moments and G and consequently the LSSE. Upon lowering temperature from 300 K, we have observed an exponential increase in LSSE at low temperature (a ~800% increment at 150 K) in this system, which is attributed to the exponential increase in the spin diffusion length of C60 at low temperature. On the other hand, similar experiments on CoFe2O4 (CFO)/C60/Pt show a reduction in the LSSE signal at room temperature, due to the hybridization between the dz2 orbital in Co and C atoms that results in the increased magnetic anisotropy. Upon decreasing the temperature below 150 K, we have interestingly observed that LSSE signal from CFO/C60/Pt exceeds that of CFO/Pt and increases remarkably with temperature. This finding confirms the important role played by the spin diffusion length of C60 in enhancing the LSSE. A systematic study of SMR, SSE, and HKS on the YIG/Pt system using the same YIG single crystal has revealed a low-temperature peak at the same temperature (~75 K) for all the phenomena. Given the distinct origins of the SSE and SMR, our observation points to the difference in spin states between the bulk and surface of YIG as the main reason for such a low-temperature peak, and suggests that the ‘magnon phonon drag’ theory developed to explain the temperature-dependent SSE behavior should be adjusted to include this important effect. SSE and ANE studies on NSMO films have revealed the dominance of ANE over SSE in this class of perovskite-structured materials. The substrate-dependent study of the films shows that compressive strain developed due to the large lattice mismatch from LAO gives rise to the enhanced ANE signal. On the same substrate, ANE signal strength increases as the thickness increases. A sign change in ANE has been observed at a particular temperature, which explains that the Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and ANE in these systems arise due to intrinsic scattering mechanisms. Overall, we have performed the SSE and related studies on the three important classes of functional magnetic oxide materials. We demonstrate the important role of magnetic anisotropy in manipulating the SSE in these systems. With this knowledge, we have been able to design the novel YIG/C60/Pt and CFO/C60/Pt heterostructures that exhibit the giant SSEs. The organic semiconductor C60 has been explored for the first time as a means of controlling pure spin current in inorganic magnetic oxide/metal heterostructures, paying the way for future spintronic materials and devices.
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3

Cunningham, Elizabeth Sarah. "The effect of spin-spin interactions on nucleon-nucleus scattering." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527010.

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4

Andersson, Sebastian. "Spin-diode effect and thermally controlled switching in magnetic spin-valves." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Nanostrukturfysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91300.

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This thesis demonstrates two new device concepts that are based on the tunneling and giant magnetoresistance effects. The first is a semiconductor-free asymmetric magnetic double tunnel junction that is shown to work as a diode, while at the same time exhibiting a record high magnetoresistance. It is experimentally verified that a diode effect, with a rectification ratio of at least 100, can be obtained in this type of system, and that a negative magnetoresistance of nearly 4000% can be measured at low temperature. The large magnetoresistance is attributed to spin resonant tunneling, where the parallel and antiparallel orientation of the magnetic moments shifts the energy levels in the middle electrode, thereby changing their alignment with the conduction band in the outer electrodes. This resonant tunneling can be useful when scaling down magnetic random access memory; eliminating the need to use external diodes or transistors in series with each bit. The second device concept is a thermally controlled spin-switch; a novel way to control the free-layer switching and magnetoresistance in spin-valves. By exchange coupling two ferromagnetic films through a weakly ferromagnetic Ni-Cu alloy, the coupling is controlled by changes in temperature. At room temperature, the alloy is weakly ferromagnetic and the two films are exchange coupled through the alloy. At a temperature higher than the Curie point, the alloy is paramagnetic and the two strongly ferromagnetic films decouple. Using this technique, the read out signal from a giant magnetoresistance element is controlled using both external heating and internal Joule heating. No degradation of device performance upon thermal cycling is observed. The change in temperature for a full free-layer reversal is shown to be 35 degrees Celsius for the present Ni-Cu alloy. It is predicted that this type of switching theoretically can lead to high frequency oscillations in current, voltage, and temperature, where the frequency is controlled by an external inductor or capacitor. This can prove to be useful for applications such as voltage controlled oscillators in, for example, frequency synthesizers and function generators. Several ways to optimize the thermally controlled spin switch are discussed and conceptually demonstrated with experiments.
QC 20120313
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5

VENKATRAMAN, LAKSHMI. "A STUDY OF COHERENT SPIN TRANSPORT THROUGH SPIN FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1122138803.

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6

Noel, Paul. "Dynamical spin injection and spin to charge current conversion in oxide-based Rashba interfaces and topological insulators." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY062.

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L'utilisation de matériaux ferromagnétiques a longtemps été l'unique méthode pour détecter et produire des courants de spin. Cependant, depuis le milieu des années 2000 des méthodes alternatives ont été proposées. Un champ émergent de la spintronique, appelé spin-orbitronique, s'attelle à l'utilisation du couplage spin orbite pour détecter et produire des courants de spin en l'absence de matériaux ferromagnétiques. Une interconversion efficace entre courant de spin et courant de charge a pu être obtenues à l'aide de l'effet Hall de spin dans les métaux lourds tels que le Platine ou le Tantale. Une telle conversion peut aussi être obtenue en utilisant l'effet Edelstein dans les interfaces Rashba et les isolants topologiques.La conversion de courant de spin à courant de charge par effet Hall de spin et effet Edelstein inverse peut être étudiée par la méthode dite du pompage de spin par résonance ferromagnétique. Ce manuscrit présente ces différents effets de conversion ainsi que la technique utilisée basée sur une mesure électrique effectuée à la résonance ferromagnétique. Y sont présentés des résultats de conversion spin charge dans les métaux, les interfaces Rashba à base d'oxydes ainsi que dans les isolants topologiques. Parmi ces systèmes nous avons montré la possibilité de moduler à l'aide d'une grille électrostatique la conversion spin charge dans un gaz d'électron bidimensionel obtenu à la surface de l'oxyde SrTiO3. De plus il est possible de moduler, de façon rémanente, la conversion dans SrTiO3 grâce à la ferroélectricité obtenue à des températures cryogéniques.Parmi les autres systèmes étudiés les isolants topologiques HgTe et Sb2Te3 présentent des propriétés de conversion spin vers charge prometteuses à température ambiante. En particulier dans le cas de HgTe, en utilisant une couche de protection de HgCdTe nous avons pu obtenir des niveaux de conversion un ordre de grandeur plus élevé que dans le Platine.Ces résultats suggèrent que les gaz d'électrons bidimensionnels aux interfaces d'oxydes ainsi que les isolants topologiques sont des systèmes prometteurs pour la détections de courants de spin pour des applications au delà de la logique CMOS
Using a ferromagnetic layer has been the first method to obtain and detect spin currents, allowing to modify the magnetization state of an adjacent layer using spin transfer torque. However, in recent years, an alternative way to manipulate spin currents has been proposed. An emerging field of spintronics, called spin-orbitronics, exploits the interplay between charge and spin currents enabled by the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in non-magnetic systems. An efficient current conversion can be obtained through the Spin Hall Effect in heavy metals such as Platinum or Tantalum. The conversion can also be obtained by exploiting the Edelstein Effect in Rashba interfaces and topological insulators.The spin to charge conversion by means of Inverse Edelstein Effect and inverse Spin Hall Effect can be studied by the spin pumping by ferromagnetic resonance technique. This manuscript present these two conversion mechanisms as well as the technique that was used to measure them, which is based on an electrical detection of the ferromagnetic resonance. Results on the spin to charge current conversion obtained in metals, oxide-based Rashba interfaces and topological insulators will be presented. Among these systems we have demonstrated the possibility to tune the conversion efficiency by using a gate voltage in a two-dimensional electron gas at the surface of an oxide SrTiO3. Moreover it is possible to tune this effect, a remanent way, thanks to the ferroelectricity obtained in SrTiO3 at cryogenic temperatures.Other studied systems such as topological insulators HgTe and Sb2Te3 also have promising properties for an efficient spin to charge current conversion at room temperature. In particular we showed than in HgTe by using a thin HgCdTe protective layer, it is possible to obtain a spin to charge current conversion efficiency one order of magnitude larger than in Pt.These results suggest that stwo dimensional electron gases at oxide interfaces and topological insulators have a strong potential for the efficient detection of spin currents for possible beyond CMOS applications
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7

Zhang, Wenxian. "Spin-1 atomic condensates in magnetic fields." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04292005-151243/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Z. John Zhang, Committee Member ; Mei-Yin Chou, Committee Member ; Chandra Raman, Committee Member ; Michael S. Chapman, Committee Member ; Li You, Committee Chair. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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8

Guillet, Thomas. "Tuning the spin-orbit coupling in Ge for spin generation, detection and manipulation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY033.

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L'un des principaux objectifs de la spintronique est de réaliser le transistor à spin et pour y parvenir, il faut mettre en œuvre avec succès une plateforme où les courants de spin peuvent être facilement injectés, détectés et manipulés à température ambiante. Dans cette optique, ce travail de thèse montre que le germanium est un très bon candidat grâce à ses propriétés optiques et de spin ainsi qu'à sa compatibilité avec les nanotechnologies à base de silicium.Au fil des années, plusieurs schémas d'injection et de détection de spin ont été réalisés dans Ge, mais la manipulation électrique de l'orientation du spin est toujours une pièce manquante. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes concentrés sur deux approches afin de manipuler l'interaction spin-orbite (SOI) dans le germanium. Les deux s'appuient sur l'absence de symétrie d'inversion structurale et le couplage spin-orbite aux surfaces et aux interfaces avec le germanium (111). Tout d'abord, nous avons effectué la croissance épitaxiale de l'isolant topologique Bi2Se3 sur Ge (111). Après avoir caractérisé les propriétés structurales et électriques de l'hétérostructure Bi2Se3/ Ge, nous avons développé une méthode originale pour sonder la conversion courant de spin-courant de charge à l'interface entre Bi2Se3 et Ge en tirant profit des propriétés optiques du Ge. Les résultats ont montré que l'hybridation entre les états de surface de Bi2Se3 et du Ge pourrait permettre la manipulation électrique de l'orientation du spin dans un transistor.La seconde approche consiste à exploiter le SOI intrinsèque de Ge (111). J'ai étudié les propriétés électriques d'un film mince de Ge (111) et découvert que le passage du courant dans des états de sous-surface où l'interaction Rashba est forte, induit un effet de magnétorésistance très particulier que nous avons appelé la magnétorésistance Rashba unidirectionnelle. Elle est due à l'interaction entre le champ magnétique appliqué extérieur et le pseudo champ magnétique induit par le courant appliquée dans les états polarisés en spin du Ge (111). La forte intensité et modularité de cet effet nous mène à penser que ces états pourraient être également mis à profit dans la réalisation d'un transistor à spin tout semi-conducteur.Parallèlement, j'ai intégré des jonctions tunnel magnétiques à anisotropie perpendiculaire à base de multicouches (Co/Pt) sur la plateforme de Ge (111). J'ai développé une technique hybride électro-optique originale basée sur une détection électrique du dichroïsme magnétique circulaire du (Co/Pt) pour faire de l’imagerie magnétique. Ces jonctions tunnel magnétiques ont ensuite été utilisées pour effectuer la génération et la détection de spin dans un dispositif de type vanne de spin latérale. L'anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire permet de générer un courant de spin avec une orientation de spin perpendiculaire au plan de l'échantillon.Enfin, j'ai rassemblé tous ces éléments développés pendant ma thèse dans un dispositif ultime: un prototype de transistor à spin où une accumulation de spin peut être générée et détectée optiquement et/ou électriquement, en utilisant l'orientation optique de spin dans le germanium ou les jonctions tunnel magnétiques
One of the main goals of spintronics is to achieve the spin transistor operation and for this purpose, one has to successfully implement a platform where spin currents can be easily injected, detected and manipulated at room temperature. In this sense, this thesis work shows that Germanium is a very good candidate thanks to its unique spin and optical properties as well as its compatibility with Silicon-based nanotechnology.Throughout the years, several spin injection and detection schemes were achieved in Ge but the electrical manipulation of the spin orientation is still a missing part. Recently we focused on two approaches in order to tune the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in a Ge-based platform. Both rely on the structural inversion asymmetry and the spin-orbit coupling at surfaces and interfaces with germanium (111). First, we performed the epitaxial growth of the topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 on Ge (111). After characterizing the structural and electrical properties of the Bi2Se3/Ge heterostructure, we developed an original method to probe the spin-to-charge conversion at the interface between Bi2Se3and Ge by taking advantage of the Ge optical properties. The results showed that the hybridization between the Ge and TI surface states could pave the way for implementing an efficient spin manipulation architecture.The latter approach is to exploit the intrinsic SOI of Ge (111). By investigating the electrical properties of a thin Ge(111) film epitaxially grown on Si(111), we found a large unidirectional Rashba magnetoresistance, which we ascribe to the interplay between the externally applied magnetic field and the current-induced pseudo-magnetic field in the spin-splitted subsurface states of Ge (111). The unusual strength and tunability of this UMR effect open the door towards spin manipulation with electric fields in an all-semiconductor technology platform.In a last step, I integrated perpendicularly magnetized (Co/Pt) multilayers-based magnetic tunnel junctions on the Ge (111) platform. I developed an original electro-optical hybrid technique to detect electrically the magnetic circular dichroism in (Co/Pt) and perform magnetic imagingThese MTJs were then used to perform spin injection and detection in a lateral spin valve device. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) allowed to generate spin currents with the spin oriented perpendicular to the sample plane.Finally, I assembled all these building blocks that were studied during my PhD work to build a prototypical spin transistor. The spin accumulation was generated either optically or electrically, using optical spin orientation in germanium or the injection from the magnetic tunnel junction
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9

衛翰戈 and Hon-gor Wai. "The covalency effect in spin interactions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207479.

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10

Xiao, Zhicheng. "Spin Hall effect of vortex beams." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1417816117.

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11

Hahn, Christian. "Magnetization dynamics and pure spin currents in YIG/normal-metal systems." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066657.

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Le domaine de recherche de la spintronique vise a concevoir des dispositifs électroniques misant sur le degré de libre de spin pour transporter de l'information. An d'intégrer ces courants de spin dans des dispositifs électroniques, il est particulièrement intéressant d'étudier l'inter-conversion d'un pur courant de spin en un courant de charge par l'effet Hall de spin, ainsi que le transfert de moment angulaire entre les électrons de conduction d'un métal normal (NM) et l'aimantation d'un ferromagnétique (FM) (couple de transfert de spin / pompage de spin). An de mieux comprendre ces différentes interaction, cette thèse se concentre sur l'étude du système hybride constitué de la juxtaposition d'un ferrimagnétique isolant, le grenat d'yttrium fer (YIG), et d'un métal normal _a fort couplage spin-orbite (Pt ou Ta), nécessaire pour bénéficier de la polarisation en spin de l'interface par un courant électrique dans le plan. Nous avons étudié le pompage de spin et la magnétorésistance produite par l'effet Hall de spin a l'interface entre des bicouches de YIG j Pt et YIG j Ta, et ceci sur des lms étendus de YIG de 200 nm d'épaisseur, produits par épitaxie en phase liquide. Nous observons que la tension électrique, produite par l'effet Hall de spin inverse, change de signe entre du Pt et du Ta confirmant ainsi l'inversion des signes de l'angle de Hall entre ces deux matériaux. En outre, en mesurant la variation de la tension de Hall inverse en fonction de l'épaisseur de la couche de Ta, nous avons réussi à borner la longueur de diffusion de spin dans le Ta. Tant le YIG j Pt et le YIG j Ta affiche une variation semblable de la magnétorésistance a effet Hall de spin en fonction de l'orientation du champ magnétique. Pour étudier l'inuence interfaciale du pompage de spin…
Spintronics aims at designing electronic devices which capitalize on the spin degree of freedom to transport information using spin currents. In order to incorporate spin currents intoelectronic devices, it is particularly interesting to study the interconversion from a spin current, the motion of spin angular momentum, to a charge current (Spin Hall Effect) as well as the transfer of spin angular momentum between the conduction electrons of a normal metal (NM) and the magnetization of a ferromagnet (FM) (Spin Transfer Torque/Spin Pumping). To investigate the interplay of those effects this thesis studies hybrid systems of the ferromagnetic insulator Yttrium Iron Garnet and normal metals with large spin-orbit coupling, a prerequisite for spin Hall e_ect. We study spin pumping and spin hall magnetoresistance in YIGjPt and YIGjTa bi-layers using extended _lms of 200 nm thick YIG, grown by liquid phase epitaxy. The inverse spin Hall voltages in Pt and Ta confirm the opposite signs of spin Hall angles in these two materials. Moreover, from the dependence of the inverse spin Hall voltage on the Ta thickness, we constrain the spin di_usion length in Ta. Both the YIGjPt and YIGjTa systems display a similar variation of resistance upon magnetic eld orientation, the spin Hall magnetoresistance. To study the inuence of interfacial spin pumping and a possible reverse e_ect, it is desirable to work with thin _lm thicknesses. A high quality 20 nm thick YIG _lm was grown by pulsed laser deposition, showing a damping similar to that of bulk YIG. We use nano-lithography to pattern series of YIG(20nm) and YIG(20nm)jPt(13nm) discs with diameters between 300 and 700 nm. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of the individual sub-micron sized samples are recorded through magnetic resonance force microscopy. . Passing dc-current through micron sized YIGjPt disks reveal a variation of the FMR linewidth consistent with the geometry and amplitude of the expected SHE transfer torque. In the absence of exciting microwave _elds, a variation in the magnetization is detected when the dc-current reaches the expected threshold for auto oscillations
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Asano, Yasuhiro, Yukio Tanaka, Alexander A. Golubov, and Satoshi Kashiwaya. "Conductance Spectroscopy of Spin-Triplet Superconductors." American Physical Society, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11290.

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13

Drouard, Marc. "Etude de l'origine des couples magnétiques induits par le couplage spin orbite dans des structures asymétriques à base de Co/Pt." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY057/document.

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Afin de réduire la consommation de puissance des futures générations de systèmesélectroniques, une solution est d’intégrer de la non-volatilité au sein même des cellulesmémoires. Dans cette optique, l’utilisation du retournement de l’aimantation d’un matériauferromagnétique comme support de l’information a été utilisée initialement dans un conceptde mémoire, la MRAM. La dernière évolution de cette technologie, la SOT-RAM, utilise desphénomènes nouveaux appelés SOTs afin de contrôler la direction de l’aimantation. Parrapport aux générations précédentes (STT-MRAM notamment), elle devrait permettred’améliorer la vitesse d’écriture en conservant une endurance adaptée pour des utilisations enmémoires cache où en mémoire centrale. Le terme SOTs est une dénomination généraledésignant l’ensemble des effets, encore mal connus, liés au couplage spin-orbite et permettantle retournement de l’aimantation d’une cellule mémoire.Ce travail de thèse a eu pour objectif d’étudier les SOTs via un système expérimental demesure quasi-statique basé sur les effets Hall extraordinaires et planaires. Sonimplémentation et la méthode d’analyse associée, ainsi que les considérations théoriquesnécessaires à l’interprétation des résultats sont détaillées dans ce manuscrit. Il a été montréque le retournement de l’aimantation dans des systèmes à aimantation perpendiculaire à basede cobalt-platine ne peut être expliqué par les modèles simples considérés jusqu’à présentdans la littérature. En effet, il a été mis en évidence qu’au moins deux effets simultanés doiventêtre pris en compte pour expliquer les phénomènes observés. Par ailleurs, ceux-ci présententune sensibilité différente à la fois à une altération de la structure cristalline et à une variationde température
In order to reduce power consumption in next generations’ electronic devices, one potentialsolution is to implement non-volatility in memory cells. In this goal, the magnetizationswitching of a ferromagnetic material has been used in a memory concept: the MRAM. Thelatest development of this technology, called SOT-RAM, is based on new phenomena calledSOTs (Spin-Orbit Torques) in order to control magnetization direction. Contrary to precedentgenerations (STT-MRAM), it should achieve a higher operating speed and an enduranceadapted for cache and main memories applications. SOTs is a generic term referring to all theeffects, linked to the spin-orbit interaction, and that enable magnetization reversal. They areyet not perfectly understood.The main objective of this Ph.D. was then to study these SOTs through a quasi-staticexperimental measurement setup based on anomalous and planar Hall effects. Itsimplementation and the associated analysis method, as well as the required theoreticalconsiderations for data interpretation are detailed in this manuscript. It has been highlightedthat magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetization cobalt-platinum systemscannot be explained by the simple models considered thus far in the literature. As a matter offact it has been evidenced that at least two effects have to be considered in order to explainobserved phenomena. In addition, they present different susceptibility both to a modificationof the crystal structure and to a temperature change
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14

Li, Jing. "Oblique Hanle effect in silicon spin transport devices." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 53 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885755961&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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15

Cheng, Yihong, Kai Chen, and Shufeng Zhang. "Giant magneto-spin-Seebeck effect and magnon transfer torques in insulating spin valves." AMER INST PHYSICS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627032.

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We theoretically study magnon transport in an insulating spin valve (ISV) made of an antiferromagnetic insulator sandwiched between two ferromagnetic insulator (FI) layers. In the conventional metal-based spin valve, the electron spins propagate between two metallic ferromagnetic layers, giving rise to giant magnetoresistance and spin transfer torque. Here, the incoherent magnons in the ISV serve as angular momentum carriers and are responsible for the angular momentum transport between two FI layers across the antiferromagnetic spacer. We predict two transport phenomena in the presence of the temperature gradient: a giant magneto-spin-Seebeck effect in which the output voltage signal is controlled by the relative orientation of the two FI layers and magnon transfer torque that can be used for switching the magnetization of the FI layers with a temperature gradient of the order of 0.1 Kelvin per nanometer. Published by AIP Publishing.
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16

Feiler, Laura [Verfasser]. "Nonlinear spin-wave excitation detected by the inverse spin-Hall effect / Laura Feiler." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126296376/34.

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17

Xu, Huachun. "Spin hall effect in paramagnetic thin films." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2364.

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Zarbo, Liviu. "Mesoscopic spin Hall effect in semiconductor nanostructures." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 199 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397915111&sid=21&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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19

Pham, Thaï Ha. "Spin-Orbit effect in ferrimagnetic thin film." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0051.

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Un fort intérêt se porte actuellement sur l'influence du couplage spin-orbite sur les propriétés de transport. Notamment la possibilité de retourner l’aimantation grâce au couple spin-orbite (SOT). Afin d’envisager l’utilisation du SOT pour des applications dans le domaine de l’électronique de spin il est nécessaire de réduire le courant critique nécessaire au retournement et diminuer ou éliminer le champ magnétique externe planaire appliqué. Mon travail de thèse concerne l’étude expérimentale de systèmes bicouches métaux lourds/ ferrimagnétique (W/ CoxTb1−x ou Pt / CoxTb1−x ). Dans les alliages ferrimagnétiques, l’aimantation du sous réseau du Cobalt est couplé antiparallèlement à l’aimantation du sous réseau de Terbium. Ces alliages sont particulièrement intéressants car pour une certaine concentration, il existe une température pour laquelle l’aimantation des deux sous réseaux sont égales et donc que l’aimantation résultante est nulle. Dans un premier temps j’ai caractérisé ces systèmes par magnétométrie et par mesures de résistance Hall anomale pour des températures allant de 10 à 350 K. Les expériences de renversement d’aimantation induite par le courant ont été effectuées dans une géométrie « couple Spin-orbite » (SOT) où les impulsions de courant sont injectées dans le plan et le retournement de l’aimantation est détectée par la mesure de la résistance de Hall. Le retournement complet de l'aimantation a été observée dans tous les échantillons. Le courant de retournement varie de façon continue avec la composition de l’alliage et nous n’avons pas observé une réduction de celui-ci au point de compensation malgré la forte augmentation de l’efficacité du SOT. Un modèle basé sur les équations de Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert couplées montre que la densité du courant de retournement est proportionnelle à l’anisotropie perpendiculaire effective, qui ne diminue pas au point de compensation. Bien que le TbCo possède une forte anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire, le retournement se produit pour un champ magnétique planaire faible. Nous avons pu montrer que le chauffage provoqué par le courant joue un rôle important. En effet le retournement semble se produire à une température de commutation caractéristique Tswitch induite par le chauffage Joule qui est supérieure aux températures de compensation magnétique et angulaire mais inférieure à sa température de Curie (TC). Tout se passe comme s’il fallait atteindre une température proche de TC pour que le retournement ait lieu
The influence of spin-orbit coupling on transport properties has been a topic of strong and growing interest in the last ten years. In order to use of spin-orbit torque for applications in the field of spin electronics, it is necessary to reduce the critical current necessary for the reversal and to decrease or eliminate the planar external magnetic field applied. My thesis work concerns the experimental study of heavy metal / ferrimagnetic bilayer model systems (W / CoxTb1-x or Pt / CoxTb1 - x). In such ferrimagnetic alloys, the magnetization of the Cobalt sub-lattice is coupled antiparallel to the magnetization of the Terbium sub-lattice. These alloys are particularly interesting because for certain concentration, there is a temperature for which the magnetization of the two sub-networks are equal resulting in zero magnetization. This is the magnetization compensation temperature. At first I characterized these systems using magnetometry and Hall cross measurements for temperatures ranging from 10 to 350 K. The experiments of magnetization reversal of magnetization induced by the current were carried out in a "Spin- orbit torque” (SOT) geometry where the current pulses are injected into the plane and the reversal of the magnetization is detected by measuring the Hall resistance. The complete magnetization reversal was observed in all the samples. The current reversal was found to vary continuously with the alloy composition and we did not observe any reduction at the compensation point despite the large increase in the SOT efficiency. A model based on the coupled Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equations shows that the reversal current density is proportional to the effective perpendicular anisotropy, which does not decrease at the compensation point. Although TbCo has a strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, the reversal occurs for a weak planar magnetic field. We were able to show that the heating caused by the current plays an important role in the switching. Indeed the reversal seems to occur at a characteristic switching temperature (Tswitch) induced by Joule heating. Tswitch is larger than the magnetic and angular compensation temperatures, but lower than the Curie temperature. Everything happens as if it was necessary to reach a temperature close to the order temperature for the reversal to take place
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20

Borunda, Bermudez Mario Francisco. "Topics in two-dimensional systems with spin-orbit interaction." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3225.

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21

Pham, Van Tuong. "Nanostructures ferromagnétiques/non-magnétiques pour la mesure électrique de l'effet Spin Hall et la détection de murs de domaine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY026/document.

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Les purs courants de spin peuvent être créés dans des dispositifs latéraux, en utilisant des mesures non-locales dans des vannes de spin latérales, par l’effet Hall de spin ou encore des effets magnétocaloriques. Ils consistent en le flux d'électrons de spin-up dans une direction, et de spin-down dans la direction opposée, de sorte qu’il y ait un flux de moment angulaire sans flux net de charge. Ces propriétés de transport de spin sont étudiés dans des matériaux non-magnétiques, afin de limiter les effets joules ou les effets de champs Oersted, mais surtout pour permettre la création de dispositifs aux nouvelles fonctionnalités et principe de fonctionnement. En outre, l'absorption de courants de spin purs par un élément ferromagnétique est associé au mécanisme de transfert de spin et peuvent exciter des ondes de spin, induire des oscillations magnétiques conduisant à la commutation magnétique. Un sujet relativement indépendant, mais connexe est la manipulation de parois magnétiques (DWS) dans les nanostructures, qui soulève des questions fondamentales liées au mouvement de DW induit par courant, et sous-tend un certain nombre de technologies émergentes. Au cours de cette thèse, l'intention est d'explorer l'interaction entre les DWS et les courants de spin purs. L'idée principale est d'utiliser vannes de spin latérales pour créer et détecter les courants de spin, et des constrictions dans des nanofils de NiFe pour manipuler les DW, nous allons alors montrer comment ceci peut être utilisé pour générer depuis des DWS des courants de spin purs pour détecter efficacement l’effet Hall de spin. Réciproquement, les courants de spin ainsi généré peuvent être utilisés pour détecter très précisément la position ou la configuration micro-magnétique d'un DW
The bulk effect of the interconversion between charge current and spin current is activated by spin Hall effect (SHE) and its inverse. It is vastly recognized that the SHE originate of the strong spin–orbit coupling in nonmagnetic materials. This thesis is focused on a proposal techniques to characterize SHE and inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in the ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic (F/N) nanostructure and electrical detection of magnetic domain walls by using SHE and ISHE. We will briefly give the cornerstones and the basic spintronic concepts, in order to ease the understanding of the work presented in this thesis, and the state-of-the-art of the SHE investigations. In the second part, a technique of F/N nanostructure are proposed and applied to detect the spin Hall angle and spin diffusion length of Pt. Then the technique will be used to characterize the SHE/ISHE in different materials, heavy metal and alloys. The influence of the interfaces in the device will also investigated. In the last of this manuscript, we demonstrate a domain wall (DW) detection method, based on the ability for a ferromagnetic nanowire, in which a DW is pinned, to inject or detect a PSC what can be produced/detected by SHE/ISHE
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22

Ngo, Anh T. "Spin-orbit Effects and Electronic Transport in Nanostructures." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1292260134.

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23

Kehlberger, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Origin of the spin Seebeck effect / Andreas Kehlberger." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079104496/34.

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24

Lafont, O., S. M. H. Luk, P. Lewandowski, N. H. Kwong, P. T. Leung, E. Galopin, A. Lemaitre, et al. "Controlling the optical spin Hall effect with light." AMER INST PHYSICS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623050.

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The optical spin Hall effect is a transport phenomenon of exciton polaritons in semiconductor microcavities, caused by the polaritonic spin-orbit interaction, which leads to the formation of spin textures. The control of the optical spin Hall effect via light injection in a double microcavity is demonstrated. Angular rotations of the polarization pattern up to 22 degrees are observed and compared to a simple theoretical model. The device geometry is responsible for the existence of two polariton branches which allows a robust independent control of the polariton spin and hence the polarization state of the emitted light field, a solution technologically relevant for future spin-optronic devices. Published by AIP Publishing.
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25

Abdullah, Ranjdar M. "Spin current amplification by a geometrical ratchet effect." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8866/.

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A lateral spin-valve (LSV) is a structure to achieve non-local spin accumulation in future spintronic devices. Although numerous studies have been performed and have demonstrated highly efficient and reliable non-local accumulation, the use of a LSV is still hampered by the small magnitude of spin-current signals. Therefore, this study focused on the amplification of the pure spin-current signals by controlling the geometry of the non-magnetic nanowire in the LSV for the first time. A two-dimensional model was developed based on a diffusion equation and was used for a series of Cu nanowires with different shapes implemented at their centre to identify their geometrical ratchet effect (GRE) upon the spin-polarised electron transport. Asymmetric shapes, such as obtuse- and right-angle triangles, were found to induce the GRE, leading to the spin-current amplification in both time-dependent and steady states. The geometries have then been optimised for the maximum amplification. Before the experimental validation of the GRE, Py and Cu bars and conventional Py/Cu/Py LSVs were fabricated and characterised to optimise the fabrication and transport-measurement processes. The spin-current amplification was then investigated in LSVs with right-angle triangles maintaining the same base (100nm) but varying their height (0 ≤ h ≤ 60nm). The non-local signals were measured by a direct current (DC)-reversal technique. The spin-current signals were measured to be significantly amplified by a factor of more than 7 for h = 60nm as compared with the conventional LSV (h = 0 nm). These results were compared with the steady-state calculations using measured device dimensions, showing a good qualitative agreement. The measurements were also carried out with a DC setup, which revealed the junction spin polarisation (~1% in this study) allowed both up- and down-spin currents with similar amplitudes to flow. Further improvement in the junction spin polarisation should increase the GRE, leading to future device implementation.
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26

Bao, Yunjuan. "Resonant spin Hall effect in two-dimensional electron systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34627819.

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27

Laczkowski, Piotr. "Courants de spin et l'effet Hall de spin dans des nanostructures latérales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY044/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des courants de spin et de l’effet Hall de spin dans des nanostructureslatérales. Des vannes de spin latérales Py/Al, Py/Cu et Py/Au, ont été fabriquées parlithographie électronique, puis optimisées et caractérisées par des mesures de magnéto-transport.Des mesures non locales, de GMR, et d’effet Hanle ont ainsi été enregistrées à 300K et 77K. De l’optimisation des vannes de spin latérales a découlé l’observation de fortes amplitudes designal de spin. De plus, les effets du confinement latéral et vertical de l‘accumulation de spin,par utilisation d’un canal non-magnétique confiné ou de barrières tunnel AlOx, ont été mis enévidence expérimentalement et décrits théoriquement. Des simulations par éléments finis et desanalyses basées sur les modèles de diffusion 1D ont été développées, permettant l’extraction de lapolarisation effective Peff et de la longueur de diffusion de spin lNsf des données expérimentales.Enfin, l’effet Hall de spin dans des matériaux à fort angles de Hall (Pt, aliage d’Au) a étéétudié dans des hétérostructures latérales et par pompage de spin à la résonance ferromagnétique
This PhD thesis focus on the study of spin currents and of the spin Hall effect in lateralnano-structures. Lateral spin-valves based on Py/Al, Py/Cu and Py/Au, fabricated by meansof electron-beam lithography, have been optimized and characterized using magneto-resistancemeasurements. Non-local, GMR and Hanle effect measurements have been recorded at 300K and77K. The optimization of these lateral spin-valves allowed the observation of high spin signalamplitudes. Lateral and vertical confinement effects on the spin accumulation, by using confinednon-magnetic channel and AlOx tunnel barriers, were evidenced experimentally and describedtheoretically. Finite Elements Method simulations and analyses based on a 1D diffusion modelhave been developed, allowing the extraction from our experimental data of the effective spinpolarization Peff and of the spin diffusion length lNsf .Finally, the spin Hall effect of materials with high spin Hall angles (Pt, Au alloys) has beenstudied using both hybrid lateral nano-structures and spin pumping ferro-magnetic resonance
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Hachiya, Marco Antonio de Oliveira. "Efeito Hall de spin em poços quânticos com acoplamento spin-órbita inter-subbanda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-11092009-145126/.

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A partir da teoria de resposta linear (formalismo de Kubo) calculamos a condutividade de spin $\\sigma_^$ para um gás bidimensional de elétrons formado num poço quântico com duas subbandas devido a atuação de um novo tipo de interação spin-órbita [Bernardes et al. \\textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \\textbf, 076603 (2007) \\& Calsaverini \\textit{et al}. \\textit{Phys. Rev. B} \\textbf, 155313 (2008)]. Este novo termo é não-nulo mesmo em estruturas simétricas e surge devido ao acoplamento entre os estados confinados no poço de paridades diferentes. Encontramos um valor para $\\sigma_^$ não-nulo e não-universal (dependente da intensidade do acoplamento $\\eta$) quando somente uma das subbandas está ocupada, ao contrário de Rashba. Para encontrarmos valores realistas para $\\sigma_^$, determinamos $\\eta$ via cálculo autoconsistente. Esse cálculo é executado para diferentes valores de densidade eletrônica em poços simples e duplos. Obtivemos que $\\sigma_^$ possui um comportamento não-monótono e sofre inversão de sinal como função da energia de Fermi (densidade de elétrons) conforme ela varia entre as duas subbandas. Contudo nossos resultados indicam que a condutividade Hall de spin é muito pequena $\\left(``\\ll \\frac{8\\pi}\"ight)$ nesses sistemas (poços simples e duplos) e possivelmente não mensurável.
Using the Kubo linear response theory, we investigate spin Hall conductivity $\\sigma_^$ in a two-dimensional electron gas in quantum wells with two subbands, when intersubband-induced spin-orbit coupling is operative [Bernardes et al. \\textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \\textbf, 076603 (2007) \\& Calsaverini \\textit{et al}. \\textit{Phys. Rev. B} \\textbf, 155313 (2008)]. This new spin-orbit term is non-zero even in symmetric structures and it arises from the distinct parity of the confined states. We find non-zero and non-universal $\\sigma_^$ (dependent on spin-orbit coupling strength $\\eta$) when only one of the subbands is occupied. This is in contrast to the Rashba spin-orbit interaction for which $\\sigma_^$ is identically zero. To obtain realistic values for $\\sigma_^$, we develop a self-consistent scheme to calculate $\\eta$. We performed this calcultion for different values of the eletronic density in single and double wells. We find that $\\sigma_^$ shows a non-monotonic behavior and a sign change as the Fermi energy (carrier density) varies between the two subband edges. However, our results indicate that $\\sigma_^$ is extremely small $\\left(``\\ll \\frac{8\\pi}\"ight)$ and possibly not measurable.
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29

Bao, Yunjuan, and 暴云娟. "Resonant spin Hall effect in two-dimensional electron systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B34627819.

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30

Lesne, Edouard. "Non-Equilibrium Spin Accumulation Phenomena at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3(001) Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electron System." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066417/document.

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Nous avons étudié la création, manipulation et détection d’accumulation de spin hors-équilibre dans l’hétérostructure d’oxydes non-magnétique LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO), hôte d’un système d’électron quasi-bidimensionnel (q2DES). Combiné à des expériences d’injection de spin, nous employons l’effet Hanle (à 3 terminaux) pour sonder l’amplitude de l’accumulation de spin dans des jonctions tunnel Co/LAO/STO. Nous observons une large amplification du signal de spin, attribuée à des processus d’effet tunnel séquentiel préservant le spin via des états localisés avec des longs temps de vie de spin. Une importante modulation du signal de spin par effets de champ électrique atteste de la création d’accumulation de spin au sein même du q2DES. Nous avons utilisé la technique de pompage de spin en cavité, induite par résonance ferromagnétique d’une couche de permalloy, pour générer un courant de spin à l’interface LAO/STO, lequel est converti en un large courant de charge au sein du q2DES. Nous l’attribuons à un effet Edelstein inverse, dérivant d’une interaction spin-orbite de type Rashba. Lesquels sont efficacement modulés par effets de champ. Ainsi, nos résultats permettent d’étendre le champ d’intérêt depuis le transport de charge planaire vers l’exploration de phénomènes dépendant du spin dans un canal conducteur prototypique d’oxydes non-magnétique. Nous avons par ailleurs démontré que l’épaisseur critique pour l’observation d’un q2DES à l’interface LAO/STO peut être réduite à une monocouche de LAO en recourant à une variété de couches métalliques. Cela ouvre un nouveau champ d’investigation pour tenter d’identifier les potentiels mécanismes à l’origine de la formation du q2DES
We investigated the generation, manipulation, and detection of non-equilibrium spin accumulation in the nonmagnetic LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) oxide heterostructure, which is the host of a quasi-two-dimensional electron system (q2DES). In electrical tunneling spin injection experiments, we made use of the (three-terminal) Hanle effect to probe the magnitude of spin accumulation at Co/LAO/STO interfaces. We report on large amplification effects of the spin signal, ascribed to spin-conserving sequential tunneling processes via localized electronic states of enhanced spin lifetimes. A substantial modulation of the spin signal, by electrostatic field-effect, evidences the successful generation of spin accumulation inside the q2DES. We further resorted to ferromagnetic resonance experiments in a cavity to adiabatically pump a spin current from a permalloy layer toward the LAO/STO interface. We find that the generated spin current is converted into a sizeable planar charge current within the q2DES. This is attributed to an inverse Edelstein effect deriving from a Rashba-like spin-orbit interaction, both of which are efficiently modulated by electrostatic field-effect. Hence, our findings expand the general field of interest from planar charge transport to the exploration of spin-dependent phenomena in a prototypical nonmagnetic conducting oxide channel. Additionally, we have also demonstrated that the critical thickness threshold for the onset of a q2DES at LAO/STO interfaces can be reduced to a single unit cell of LAO when resorting to various metal capping layers. It opens up a new field of investigation to tentatively identify the potential mechanisms driving the formation of the q2DES
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31

Konschelle, François. "Supraconductivité en présence de forts effets paramagnétique et spin-orbite." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517920.

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L'état supraconducteur étant un condensat de paires de Cooper constitué d'électrons de moments et de spins opposés, il peut être fortement influencé par des effets de spin. Au cours de cette thèse, nous étudions l'effet d'un fort champ d'échange et d'un effet spin-orbite de type Rashba sur les propriétés supraconductrices. Dans une première partie, on étudie les effets associés à l'interaction entre supraconductivité et fort champ d'échange, se caractérisant par une transition de phase vers un état supraconducteur inhomogène découvert par Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin et Ovchinnikov (FFLO). On étudie tout particulièrement les fluctuations supraconductrices à l'approche de la transition de phase. On montre que ces fluctuations peuvent servir de révélateur à cette phase. Notamment, la capacité calorifique et la paraconductivité divergent de façon caractéristique à la transition vers un état modulé. On décrit également comment les effets paramagnétiques modifient les fluctuations de l'aimantation, annulant la réponse diamagnétique ou produisant des oscillations entre réponse para- et dia-magnétique. La seconde partie est dévolue aux jonctions supraconducteur-ferromagnétique (S/F). Dans les jonctions Josephson S/F/S, le champ d'échange donne lieu à des oscillations du courant critique en fonction de la longueur de la jonction, charactérisées par une alternance des états 0 et π. On prédit une transition entre les états 0 et π induite par la température, même dans la limite ballistique. Dans cette limite ballistique, on montre également que le courant de Josephson s'atténu sous la forme de lois de puissance en fonction de la longueur de la jonction, alors que le cas diffusif présente une atténuation exponentielle. On étudie ensuite la seconde harmonique de la relation courant-phase en présence d'une faible quantité d'impuretés. La dernière partie traite des effets de proximité lorsque les deux effets paramagnétique et spin-orbite sont présents dans une jonction Josephson. On montre que l'association d'une interaction Rashba et d'un champ d'échange induit un couplage direct entre les ordres magnétique et supraconducteur. En particulier, ce couplage permet de générer toute la dynamique magnétique par l'application d'une simple tension électrique.
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32

Wu, Jing. "Optical pump-probe studies of spin dynamics in ferromagnetic materials." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364427.

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33

Choi, Deung jang. "Kondo effect and detection of a spin-polarized current in a quantum point contact." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE029/document.

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L'effet Kondo observé dans des objets individuels constitue un système modèle pour l’étude de corrélations électroniques. Ces dernières jouent un rôle moteur dans le domaine émergent de l'électronique de spin (ou spintronique) où l’utilisation d’atomes issus des terres rares et des métaux de transition est incontournable. Dans ce contexte, l’étude de l'interaction d’une impureté Kondo avec des électrodes ferromagnétiques ou avec d’autres impuretés magnétiques peut donc s’avérer fondamental pour la spintronique. L’effet Kondo est sensible à son environnement magnétique car en présence d’interactions magnétiques la résonance ASK se dédouble. Dans une certaine mesure, la résonance ASK agit comme un niveau atomique discret doublement dégénérée qui subit un dédoublement Zeeman en présence d'un champ magnétique ou plus généralement d’un champ magnétique effectif. Inversement, la détection d'un dédoublement Zeeman indique l'existence d'un champ magnétique. Dans une boîte quantique, le couplage de la boîte avec les deux électrodes est faible en général et la largeur de la résonance ASK est donc de l'ordre de quelques meV. Beaucoup d’études de l’effet Kondo en présence d’interactions magnétiques ont été menées sur les boîtes quantiques, grâce notamment au contrôle qui peut être exercé sur la résonance ASK, mais aussi grâce au faible élargissement de la résonance qui peut alors être dédoublée avec un champ magnétique de l’ordre de 10 Tesla ou moins. A ces études, s’ajoutent de nombreux travaux similaires menés avec des dispositifs tels des jonctions cassées comprenant une molécule individuelle jouant le rôle de l’impureté magnétique. En revanche, peu d’études de ce type ont été consacrées aux atomes individuels. Cela est dû à l’hybridation plus marquée entre l'impureté atomique et la surface comparée aux boîtes quantiques, qui entraine une largeur typique de 10 meV ou plus pour la résonance ASK. Un champ magnétique d'environ 100 T ou plus est alors nécessaire afin de dédoubler la résonance et donc en pratique difficile à mettre en oeuvre. Cette thèse est consacrée précisément à l’étude de l'interaction entre une impureté Kondo individuel et son environnement magnétique à l’aide d’un STM. Une nouvelle stratégie est adoptée ici par rapport aux études antérieures de ce genre. Tout d'abord, nous éliminons la barrière tunnel en établissons un contact pointe-atome. Nous formons ainsi un point de contact quantique comprenant une seule impureté Kondo. Deuxièmement, nous utilisons des pointes ferromagnétiques. Le contact pointe-atome permet de sonder l'influence du ferromagnétisme sur l'impureté Kondo vial’observation de la résonance ASK. La géométrie de contact permet tout particulièrement de produire une densité de courant polarisé en spin suffisamment élevée pour qu’elle entraîne un dédoublement de la résonance ASK. Ce dédoublement constitue la première observation à l’échelle atomique d’un phénomène connu sous le nom d’accumulation de spin, laquelle se trouve être une propriété fondamentale de la spintronique
The Kondo effect of these single objects represents a model system to study electron correlations, which are nowadays of importance in relation to the emerging field of spin electronics, also known as spintronics, where chemical elements with partially filled d or f shells play a central role. Also of particular interest to spintronics is the interaction of single Kondo impurities with ferromagnetic leads or with other magnetic impurities. A Kondo impurity is in fact sensitive to its magnetic environment as the ASK resonance is usually split into two resonances in the presence of magnetic interactions. To some extent, the ASK resonance acts as a two-fold degenerate energy level of an atom which undergoes a Zeeman splitting in the presence of an effective magnetic field. Conversely, the detection of a Zeeman splitting indicates the existence of a magnetic field. In a QD, the coupling of the QD to the two leads is very weak in general, and the Kondo resonance is in the range of a few meV. Many studies focusing on magnetic interaction have been carried out on QDs, due to the high control that can be extended to the ASK resonance and its low energy range, allowing to split the resonance with a magnetic field of 10 T. Similar work has also been carried out in single-molecule or lithographically-defined devices. Although STM is an ideal tool to study the Kondo effect of single atoms, there is still a strong lack of experimental studies concerning atoms in the presence of magnetic interactions. This is partly due to the stronger impurity-metal hybridization compared to QDs, which places the ASK width in the range of 10 meV. An effective magnetic field of 100 T would be needed to split the resonance. The present Thesis is devoted precisely at studying the interaction between a single Kondo impurity with its magnetic environment through STM. A new strategy is adopted herecompared to former studies of this kind. Firstly, we contact a single-magnetic atom on a surface with a STM tip thereby eliminating the vacuum barrier. Secondly, we use ferromagnetic tips. The contact with a single atom allows probing the influence of ferromagnetism on the Kondo impurity i. e. its ASK resonance. But most importantly, the contact geometry produces sufficiently high current densities compared to the tunneling regime, so that the ASK resonance becomes sensitive to the presence of a spin-polarized current. This constitutes the first atomic scale detection of a spin-polarized current with a single Kondo impurity
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34

Aizawa, Hirohito, Kazuhiko Kuroki, and Yukio Tanaka. "Strong magnetic field enhancement of spin triplet pairing arising from coexisting 2k_F spin and 2k_F charge fluctuations." American Physical Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11284.

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35

Mohamad, Haidar Jawad. "Ultrafast optical measurements of spin-polarized electron dynamics in nanostructured magnetic materials." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18425.

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At present, electronic devices depend upon electric charge to transfer and record information. However, such devices are approaching a scaling limit due to Joule heating. Spintronics offers a solution by exploiting the spin rather than the charge of the electron, since the propagation of spin current can in principle occur without dissipation. Immediate applications lie in magnetic random access memory and novel media for hard disk recording. Within this thesis, the Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) has been used to measure the static and dynamic magnetic properties of a number of different thin film samples that are of interest for spintronic applications. A femtosecond laser has been used to perform time-resolved MOKE (TRMOKE) and time resolved reflectivity (TRR) measurements simultaneously, which probe the spin and charge dynamics respectively. Measurements have been performed upon a continuous thin film of CrO2 that is known to be half-metallic in bulk form, and a series of YIG/Cu/Ni81Fe19 based structures that are expected to exhibit the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) was used to fabricate the continuous CrO2 thin film on a (100)-oriented TiO2 substrate. Precessional magnetisation dynamics were studied by means of the TRMOKE technique. The dependence of the precession frequency and the effective damping parameter upon the static applied magnetic field were investigated. The precession frequency exhibited a minimum at the hard axis saturation field as expected. However precession was also observed for fields greater than the hard axis saturation value, perhaps suggesting the presence of a twisted magnetic state within the film. TRMOKE and TRR measurements were performed upon the YIG/Cu/Ni81Fe19 based structures for different values of the pump fluence and applied magnetic field. For fixed pump fluence and varying applied field, the frequency of precession is well described by a numerical solution of the Landau-Lifshitz equation for the Ni81Fe19 (permalloy, Py) layer. The frequency, amplitude, damping, phase and chirp of the precessional oscillations was extracted from measurements made with a field of 3 kOe applied at 2.8° from the normal to the sample plane, in a configuration designed to maximise any spin transfer torque (STT) generated by the SSE. The oscillation parameters extracted for trilayer samples and a Py reference sample were found to be very similar. Features indicative of STT predicted by simulations were not observed. This suggests that either the YIG/Cu interface was unable to efficiently transmit spin current within the samples studied here, or else that the STT generated by means of the SSE is too small to be of practical use.
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36

Chang, Ming-Shien. "Coherent Spin Dynamics of a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10547.

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Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is a phenomenon in which identical bosons occupy the same quantum state below a certain critical temperature. A hallmark of BEC is the coherence between particles every particle shares the same quantum wavefunction and phase. This coherence has been demonstrated for the external (motional) degrees of freedom of the atomic condensates by interfering two condensates. In this thesis, the coherence is shown to extend to the internal spin degrees of freedom of a spin-1 Bose gas evidenced by the observed coherent and reversible spin-changing collisions. The observed coherent dynamics are analogous to Josephson oscillations in weakly connected superconductors and represent a type of matter-wave four-wave mixing. Control of the coherent evolution of the system using magnetic fields is also demonstrated. The studies on spinor condensates begin by creating spinor condensates directly using all-optical approaches that were first developed in our laboratory. All-optical formation of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in 1D optical lattice and single focus trap geometries are developed and presented. These techniques offer considerable flexibility and speed compared to magnetic trap approaches, and the trapping potential can be essentially spin-independent and are ideally suited for studying spinor condensates. Using condensates with well-defined initial non-equilibrium spin configuration, spin mixing of F = 1 and F = 2 spinor condensates of rubidium-87 atoms confined in an optical trap is observed. The equilibrium spin configuration in the F = 1 manifold confirms that 87Rb is ferromagnetic. The coherent spinor dynamics are demonstrated by initiating spin mixing deterministically with a non-stationary spin population configuration. Finally, the interplay between the coherent spin mixing and spatial dynamics in spin-1 condensates with ferromagnetic interactions is investigated.
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37

Rokitowski, Jared David. "Magneto refractive effect in pseudo spin valve thin films." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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38

Okamoto, Naoya. "Electrical manipulation of the spin Hall effect in semiconductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708237.

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39

Fujimoto, Tatsuo. "Magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of anisotropy-controlled spin-valve structures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387613.

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40

Dang, Thi Huong. "Interfacial skew tunneling in group III-V and group IV semiconductors driven by exchange and spin-orbit interactions; Study in the frame of an extended k.p theory." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX089/document.

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Nous avons étudié par des méthodes numériques et en théorie k.p avancée les propriétés tunnel d’électrons et de trous dans des systèmes modèles et hétérostructures composés de semi-conducteurs impliquant des interactions spin-orbite de volume. Nous démontrons que le couplage entre les interactions spin-orbite et d’échange à l’interface de jonctions tunnel résulte en un fort contraste de transmission de porteurs selon le signe de la composante de leur vecteur d’onde dans le plan de la jonction. Cet effet conduit à un effet tunnel anormal d’interface que nous appelons « Effet Hall Tunnel Anormal » (ATHE). De façon similaire, des processus tunnel non-conventionnels se manifestant sur des isolants topologiques ont été prédits par d’autres auteurs. Alors que l’ensemble de ces effets Hall anormaux sont liés aux interactions spin-orbite, les effets tunnel anormaux diffèrent des effets Hall tunnel, des effets Hall et des effets Hall de spin par la forte amplitude prédite ainsi que par des phénomènes de chiralité. Ces propriétés possèdent un lien nontrivial avec la symétrie du système. L’ensemble de ces résultats démontre l’existence d’une nouvelle classe d’effets tunnel qui devaient être étudiés expérimentalement dans un futur proche. En ce qui concerne la bande de valence, nous démontrons, en utilisant un Hamiltonien 14x14 prolongeant un modèle 2x2, que le calcul décrivant l’ATHE repose sur un traitement subtil des états dits « spurious » (états non-physiques) et nous donnons quelques éléments d’amélioration et de compréhension. Dans ce mémoire de thèse, nous développons deux méthodes numériques pour résoudre le problème des états spurious en développant en parallèle des méthodes k.p respectivement à 14 bandes et 30 bandes afin de décrire des matériaux semiconducteurs à gap indirect. Les calculs menés dans la bande de valence d’hétérostructures semiconductrice incluant interfaces et barrières tunnel (approches 6x6 et 14x14) sans centre de symétrie d’inversion mettent en évidence des propriétés d’asymétrie équivalente à celles obtenues dans la bande de conduction. De tels effets sont interprétés, dans le cadre de calculs de perturbation en transport basés sur des techniques de fonctions de Green, par des effets chiraux orbitaux lors du branchement tunnel des fonctions évanescentes dans la barrière
We report on theoretical, analytical and computational investigations and k.p calculations of electron and hole tunneling, in model systems and heterostructures composed of exchange-split III-V semiconductors involving spin-orbit interaction (SOI). We show that the interplay of SOI and exchange interactions at interfaces and tunnel junctions results in a large difference of transmission for carriers, depending on the sign of their incident in-plane wave vector (k//): this leads to interfacial skew-tunneling effects that we refer to as Anomalous Tunnel Hall Effect (ATHE). In a 2x2 exchange-split band model, the transmission asymmetry (A) between incidence angles related to +k// and -k// wave vector components, is shown to be maximal at peculiar points of the Brillouin zone corresponding to a totally quenched transmission (A = 100%). More generally, we demonstrate the universal character of the transmission asymmetry A vs. in-plane wavevector component, for given reduced kinetic energy and exchange parameter, A being universally scaled by a unique function, independent of the spin-orbit strength and of the material parameters. Similarly, striking tunneling phenomena arising in topological insulators have just been predicted. While they all are related to the spin-orbit directional anisotropy, ATHE differs from the tunneling Hall effect, spontaneous anomalous, and spin Hall effects, or spin-galvanic effect, previously reported for electron transport, by its giant forward asymmetry and chiral nature. These features have non-trivial connection with the symmetry properties of the system. All these results show that a new class of tunneling phenomena can now be investigated and experimentally probed.When valence bands are involved, we show (using 14x14 Hamiltonian and within a 2x2 toy model) that ATHE accurate calculations rely on a subtle treatment of the spurious (unphysical) states and we give an insight into the topology of the complex band structure. We introduce two numerical methods to remove spurious states and successfully, include them in 30-band codes able to describe indirect bandgap group-IV semiconductors. Calculations performed in the valence bands of model heterostructures including tunnel barriers, in both 6x6 and 14x14 k.p Hamiltonians without inversion asymmetry, more astonishingly highlight the same trends in the transmission asymmetry which appears to be related to the difference of orbital chirality and to the related branching (overlap) of the corresponding evanescent wave functions responsible for the tunneling current. Besides, we built an analytical model and developed scattering perturbative techniques based on Green’s function method to analytically deal with electrons and holes and to compare these results with numerical calculations. The agreement between the different approaches is very good. In the case of holes, the asymmetry appears to be robust and persists even when a single electrode is magnetic
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41

Baboux, Florent. "Effets spin-orbite géants sur les modes collectifs de spin de puits quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020564.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des effets du couplage spin-orbite dans des puits quantiques semi-conducteurs dopés (GaAs et CdMnTe), par spectroscopie Raman électronique. Dans ces structures existent des champs magnétiques intrinsèques (Dresselhaus et Rashba). Ces champs offrent des moyens attractifs pour manipuler le spin des électrons, mais contribuent aussi à la relaxation de spin via leur dépendance avec le vecteur d'onde de l'électron (mécanisme D'yakonov-Perel'). Nous montrons que pour les modes collectifs de spin de puits quantiques, le scénario destructif D'yakonov-Perel' est transformé en un scénario constructif : les interactions Coulombiennes font émerger un champ spin-orbite collectif, proportionnel au vecteur d'onde de l'excitation, et renforcé d'un facteur de plusieurs unités par rapport aux champs spin-orbite individuels. Nous mettons d'abord en évidence ces effets spin-orbite géants sur le plasmon de spin inter-sous-bande, dans des puits quantiques de GaAs. Le champ spin-orbite collectif, qui conduit à un éclatement de structure fine du spectre plasmon, est superposé à un champ magnétique extérieur et cartographié dans l'espace réciproque. Nous étudions ensuite l'onde de spin intra-sous-bande du gaz d'électrons polarisé en spin, dans des puits quantiques magnétiques dilués de CdMnTe. Le champ spin-orbite collectif se superpose ici au champ Zeeman géant du composé. Nous mesurons le facteur de renforcement du champ spin-orbite collectif. Enfin, nous déterminons la dépendance du facteur de renforcement avec la densité électronique, et démontrons la possibilité de contrôler l'amplitude du champ spin-orbite collectif à l'aide d'une grille optique.
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42

Kato, Takashi, Yasuhito Ishikawa, Hiroyoshi Itoh, and Jun-ichiro Inoue. "Intrinsic anisotropic magnetoresistance in spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction." American Physical Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11252.

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43

Thiney, Vivien. "Detection of travelling electrons in the Quantum Hall effect regime with a singlet-triplet quantum bit detector." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY069/document.

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L’optique quantique avec électron est un domaine de recherche en expansion depuis ses débuts au cours des années 90 prenant suite aux premières expériences d’interférence avec électrons réalisées dans les années 80. Ce domaine est dédié à la réalisation d’expérience d’optique quantique avec des électrons plutôt que des photons. Leur intérêt est double, d’une part les électrons étant des fermions de nouveaux phénomènes, en comparaison des photons qui sont des bosons, peuvent être observés. L’électron anti-bunching, en comparaison du bunching des photons obtenu dans des expériences de corrélations en est un exemple. Le deuxième avantage des électrons est le fait qu’ils peuvent être contrôlés et manipulés à l’aide de champ électrique, un tel contrôle n’est pas possible avec des photons. Alors que les composants de base pour la réalisation de ces expériences sont déjà existant comme la lame séparatrice, ou encore les sources cohérentes à électrons uniques, la détection immédiate d’un électron unique dans de telles expériences est toujours manquante. La difficulté étant le faible temps d’interaction entre l’électron en déplacement et le détecteur de charge qui est limité typiquement à moins de 1ns principalement à cause de la vitesse élevée de déplacement de l’électron qui est égale à la vitesse de Fermi soit 10-100km/s. Ce temps d’interaction est environ deux ordres de grandeurs plus petits que ce qui est nécessaire pour le meilleur détecteur de charge démontré jusqu’à présent.Dans ce manuscrit est présenté le développement d’un détecteur ultra-sensible pour la détection immédiate d’un électron se déplaçant à la vitesse de Fermi. Notre stratégie est de détecter un électron unique se déplaçant dans les canaux de bords (ECs) de l’effet Hall quantique à partir de la mesure d’une variation de phase d’un bit quantique singlet-triplet, appelé qubit détecteur par la suite. La détection immédiate de cet électron en déplacement n’étant possible que si l’interaction avec ce dernier induit une variation de phase de pi, avec une lecture immédiate de l’état de spin du qubit détecteur.Grâce au développement et à l’utilisation d’un RF-QPC, cette lecture immédiate de l’état de spin est tout d’abord démontrée. Par la suite le développement du qubit détecteur avec la réalisation d’oscillations cohérentes d’échange est décrit. Sa sensibilité en charge est démontrée avec l’observation d’une phase induite par l’interaction avec un courant d’électrons dans les ECs. Ce courant est imposé par l’application d’un biais de tension contrôlant le potentiel chimique de ces ECs.Après optimisation de ce qubit détecteur pour la détection d’un électron unique, il est calibré en utilisant le même procédé de courant imposé par application d’un biais de tension. Cette calibration nous fournie la variation de signal attendue pour l’interaction avec cette charge unique est indique que sa détection immédiate est impossible dans nos conditions expérimentales. Notre détecteur ayant une sensibilité de charge de l’ordre de 8.10-5 pour une bande passante allant de DC à 1THz. Cette sensibilité est environ deux ordres de grandeur trop petite que ce qui est nécessaire pour la détection immédiate de cette charge unique. Finalement, ce qubit détecteur est utilisé pour détecté, dans une expérience moyennée, ce qui est appelé un edge magneto plasmon composé par moins de 5 électrons. Néanmoins, atteindre la détection de la charge unique dans n’a pas été possible, la sensibilité en charge étant légèrement trop petite pour y arriver.Les différentes limites de notre détecteur sont listées et expliquées tout au long du manuscrit, avec une présentation de différents axes de développement qui devraient permettre de réussir cette détection d’un électron unique dans une nouvelle expérience
The electron quantum optics field is a research topic with an interest growing over the years since the 80's and the first interference experiment with electrons. This field is dedicated to the implementation of quantum optics experiments with electrons instead of photon. The advantage is twofold, one is the fermion nature of the electrons which ensure the observation of phenomenon which cannot be observed with photon (boson), the anti-bunching of the electrons in correlation experiments contrary to the bunching for photons illustrates this point. The second advantage is the possibility to interact and control electrons with electric fields since they are charged particles. Such control does not exist with photon. In addition to these fundamental experiments, it has been recently demonstrated that this topic presents a possible candidate for quantum information with so called flying qubit. While the based components to mimic the quantum optics experiments are already demonstrated like the beam splitter, phase shifter or coherent single electron source, the single electron detection in a single shot manner in such system is still lacking. The difficulty being the short interaction time between the travelling charge and the charge detector, being of less than 1ns in such system where the electron propagate at the Fermi velocity 10-100km/s. This interaction is approximately two orders of magnitude shorter than what is required with the actual best on chip charge detector.In this thesis is presented the development of an ultra-sensitive detector for the single shot detection of an electron travelling at the Fermi velocity. Our strategy was to detect a single travelling electron propagating in the edge channels (ECs) of the quantum Hall effect by measuring the induced phase shift of a singlet-triplet qubit, referred as to the qubit detector. The single shot detection being only possible if the interaction with the travelling electron induces a complete π phase shift and the spin readout of the qubit detector being performed in a single shot manner.Thanks to the development and use of a RF-QPC the single shot spin readout of the qubit detector has been first demonstrated. Its development with the implementation of coherent exchange oscillations is then described. The charge sensitivity of the qubit detector is validated in an experiment consisting in recording a phase shift of these oscillations due to the interaction with an imposed flow of electrons in the ECs. This flow of electron was induced by a DC voltage bias applied on the ECs to tune their chemical potential.This qubit detector is then optimised for the single travelling charge detection. Its calibration has been implemented using the same imposed flow of electrons by application of a DC bias. This calibration provides the expected signal variation induced by the interaction with a single travelling electron, and indicates the impossibility to implement this detection in a single shot manner in our experimental conditions. Our detector exhibits a charge sensitivity estimated close to 8.10-5 e/Hz-1/2 for a detection bandwidth from DC to 1 THz. The sensitivity is close to two orders of magnitude smaller than required for a single shot detection. Finally this qubit detector has been employed to detect in average measurements an edge magneto plasmon composed by less than 5 electrons. However, the single electron level could not be reached in statistical measurement neither, the sensitivity of our qubit detector being too limited.The different limitations of our experiment are listed and explained with the presentation of different axes of development which could permit to succeed this detection in another experiment
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44

Guerra, Gabriel Andrés Fonseca. "Study of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in hybrid structures with yttrium iron garnet and various metallic materials." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12719.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científi co e Tecnol ógico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ní vel Superior; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco.
In this master thesis we study experimentally the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) in bilayers made of a ferromagnetic insulator (FMI) and a metallic layer (M). We also present a theoretical model based on the spin current density ⃗ Js carried by a non-equilibrium magnon distribution, generated by a thermal gradient ∇T across the thickness of the FMI. When ⃗ Js reach the FMI/M interface it is pumped towards the M layer due to conservation of the angular momentum, so, the M layer is essential for the LSSE existence. Here the FMI consists of a Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) lm, grown over a Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) substrate. Different metallic materials were used as the M layer i.e. Pt and Ta that have normal behavior and Py that is a ferromagnetic metal (FMM). The experimental procedure consists of systematic measurements of the electric voltage VISHE, produced by ⃗ Js through the Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE) in the normal metal or (FMM) layer. In YIG/Pt measurements were done in the temperature range from 20 to 300 K. The experimental data are tted to the proposed model for the LSSE and good agreement is obtained. The results shows that the Py and Ta can be used to detect the LSSE with the ISHE. The results of this master thesis have strong interest in the area of spin caloritronics helping to the development of the eld and to raise possibilities of new spintronic devices. ----- Nesta diserta ção e estudado experimentalmente o Efeito Seebeck de Spin Longi- tudinal (LSSE), em bicamadas formadas por um isolante ferromagn etico (FMI) e um lme metalico (M). Tamb em foi desenvolvido um modelo te orico baseado na den- sidade de corrente de spin ⃗ Js que existe quando uma distribui c~ao de m agnons fora do equil brio e gerada por um gradiente t ermico ∇T aplicado na sec ção transversal do FMI. Quando ⃗ Js chega na interface FMI/M e bombeada para a camada M satis- fazendo a conserva ção do momentum angular, assim que a camada NM e essencial para ter um LSSE. Como camada FMI foi utilizada a granada de trio e ferro (YIG) crescida num substrato de (GGG). Diferentes materiais metalicos foram utilizados como camada M, sendo Pt e Ta paramagn eticos e o Py ferromagnetico. O proced- imento experimental consiste na medi c~ao sistem atica da voltagem el etrica VISHE, que e produzida por ⃗ Js por meio do efeito Hall de spin inverso (ISHE) que ocorre na camada M. As medidas em YIG/Pt foram feitas numa faixa ampla de temperatura de 20 a 300 K. Os dados experimentais são fi tados com a teoria proposta para o LSSE encontrando-se boa concordância. Nossos resultados mostram que o Py e o Ta s~ao bons candidatos para detec ção do LSSE. Esta disserta ção e de grande interesse na area da caloritrônica de spin, ajudando no desenvolvimento deste campo e na concep ção de novos dispositivos tecnol ogicos baseados na spintrônica.
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45

Anaya, Armando Alonso. "Spin Valve Effect in Ferromagnet-Superconductor-Ferromagnet Single Electron Transistor." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6864.

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This thesis describes a research of suppression of superconducting gap in a superconducting island of a Ferromagnetic-Superconducting-Ferromagnetic Single-Electron-Transistor due to the fringing magnetic fields produced by the ferromagnetic leads. The devices are working below the critical temperature of the superconducting gap. A model is proposed to explain how the fringing magnetic field produced by the leads is strong enough to suppress the superconducting gap. The peak of the fringing magnetic field produced by one lead reaches 5000 oe. It is observed an inverse tunneling magneto resistance during the suppression of the superconducting gap, obtaining a maximum absolute value 500 times greater than the TMR in the normal state where the efficiency of the spin injection is low. It is concluded that the suppression of the superconducting gap is due to fringing magnetic field and not to the spin accumulation because the low efficiency of the spin injection. It is suggested a new geometry to reduce the effect of the fringing magnetic field so it can be obtained a suppression of the superconductivity due to the spin accumulation. It is described the qualitatively behavior of the IV characteristic when the suppression of the superconductivity is due to spin accumulation.
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46

Ward, S. N. E. "Spin ladder physics and the effect of random bond disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1462036/.

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This PhD thesis concerns the physics of low-dimensional quantum systems and especially quantum spin ladders. Novel metal-organic compounds (C5H12N)2CuBr4 and (C5H12N)2CuCl4 are investigated as model materials for low-dimensional quantum behavior by neutron scattering experiments and by measurements of magnetic and thermodynamic properties. The experimental results are compared quantitatively to calculations using a variety of theoretical and numerical methods (DMRG, ED) of the ground state and excitations of such systems. Key results are the determination of the Hamiltonian and its exchange parameters of (C5H12N)2CuCl4 studied here for the first time from quantitative modelling of magnetic susceptibility and neutron spectroscopy data. When a magnetic field is applied two quantum critical points occur at which fractionalization of the elementary quasi-particle excitations is ob- served. The characteristic excitation continua are explained by effective spin-chain and t-J models and are observed systematically as a function of magnetic field and temperature. Coherent and incoherent spin Luttinger-liquid physics is observed and for the first time modelled fully quantitatively. The chemical flexibility of the these metal-organic compounds allows continuous solid-state mixtures of Br and Cl resulting in systems with quenched disorder. The rung and leg exchange parameters assume discrete values given by the specific chemical composition of the exchange pathways. The influence of such quenched disorder on the excitations of quantum spin ladders has been studied experimentally. The observed spectra with damped excitations of the unperturbed ladder and more localized modes provide detailed insights into the physics that may be observed in such systems if a magnetic field is applied and so called Bose glass phases are induced.
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47

Lopes, Cristina Alexandra Grilo. "Learning effect : what sources of knowledge determine spin-offs performance?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13402.

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Mestrado em Finanças
A literatura sugere que novas empresas criadas por indivíduos que anteriormente trabalhavam no mesmo sector, denominadas de spin-offs, apresentam um desempenho superior relativamente às outras. Este estudo tem como objectivo explicar a elevada performance dos spin-offs com base na teoria do efeito de aprendizagem (learning effect theory). Na sequência dessa teoria, sugere-se que os fundadores de spin-offs aprendem e transferem conhecimento da sua empresa-mãe, que por sua vez irá afectar o seu desempenho económico em termos de sobrevivência no mercado e crescimento. De modo a analisar o impacto da aprendizagem e transferência de conhecimento nos spin-offs, começou-se por categorizar e medir diferentes tipos de conhecimentos acumulados pelo fundador enquanto trabalhava na empresa-mãe. Este estudo focou-se nos conhecimentos de mercado e tecnológico. De seguida, avaliou-se de que forma esses conhecimentos específicos afectam o desempenho dos spin-offs. A análise baseou-se em duas bases de dados: Quadros de Pessoal e outra que contempla dados financeiros. Utilizando ambas as bases de dados foi possível obter a informação que associa empresas e fundadores a dados financeiros das respectivas empresas. Os resultados sugerem que, ao contrário do que se esperava, apenas o conhecimento de tecnologia tem um impacto significativo no desempenho dos spin-offs em termos de sobrevivência e crescimento, aumentando a probabilidade do spin-off sobreviver no mercado em 8,13% e aumentando a sua taxa de crescimento em 10,5%. Por outro lado, o conhecimento de mercado aparentemente não tem impacto significativo no desempenho dos spin-offs, tanto em termos de sobrevivência como em termos de crescimento.
Previous literature suggests that new firms established by entrepreneurs that previously worked in the same industry, also known as spin-offs, perform better than other entrants. In this study we try to explain their superior performance based on the learning effect theory. We suggest that the founders of spin-offs learn and transfer knowledge from their parent firm to their new ventures, affecting ventures survival and growth. In order to analyze this, we start by categorizing and measuring different types of knowledge accumulated by the founder while working in the parent firm. We focus only in market and technological knowledge. Then, we test how these specific knowledge attributes affect spin-offs' performance. To perform our analysis, we draw on two rich datasets: matched employer-employee database and one financial database. With these databases, we have access to micro-level data on firms and founders combined with firm's financial data. Our results suggest that, in the opposite of what we were expecting, only technological knowledge has a significant impact on spin-offs' performance in terms of survival and growth, increasing their probability of surviving by 8,13% and increasing their growth by 10,5%. In the other hand, market knowledge has no significant impact on spin-off's performance either in terms of survival or growth.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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48

Bruce, Henrik. "Formulation of Model Problem for Chirality Induced Spin Selectivity Effect." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414026.

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Spin dependent electron transport in chiral molecules, the so-called chirality induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, have attracted much attention over the past few years. Experimentally the spin polarization has been detected, and there is a theoretical consensus on the necessity of both spin-orbit coupling and geometrical helicity in order to get a non-vanishing spin polarization. Several model Hamiltonians has been proposed to describe the CISSS effect, and while they can yield spin polarization agreeing with the experimentally observed magnitudes, they are relying on unrealistic values of the spin orbit interaction parameters. In recent years the importance of electron correlation has been emphasized. Thus, this thesis presents the general theory on how to treat the CISS effect as a many body problem, taking electron correlation into account. The Hamiltonian modelling is described and one approach on how to treat the helical structure of the molecule and the spin-orbit coupling is presented. Building on this thesis, further studies will hopefully lead to a first principle understanding of the CISS effect.
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49

Jayathilaka, Priyanga Buddhika. "Spin Dependent Transport in Novel Magnetic Heterostructures." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4513.

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Magnetic oxides have become of interest source for spin transport devices due to their high spin polarization. But the real applications of these oxides remains unsatisfactory up to date, mostly due to the change of properties as a result of nano structuring. Magnetite (Fe3O4) is one such a material. High Curie temperature and the half metallicity of Fe3O4 make it a good potential candidate for spin transport devices. Studies have shown that the nano structuring Fe3O4 changes most of it's important properties. This includes high saturation magnetization and drop of conductivity by a few orders of magnitude in Fe3O4 thin films. In this study, we have successfully grown Fe3O4 by reactive sputtering and studied the effect of transition metal buffer layers on structural, transport, and magnetic properties of Fe3O4. It is shown that the lattice strain created by different buffer layers has major impacts on the properties of Fe3O4 thin films. Also for the first time the magnetic force microscopic measurements were carried out in Fe3O4 thin films through Verwey transition. MFM data with the magnetization data have confirmed that the magnetization of Fe3O4 thin films rotate slightly out of the plane below the Verwey transition. Fe3O4 thin films were also successfully used in fabricating spin valve structures with Chromium and Permalloy. Here, the Fe3O4 was used to generated the spin polarized electrons through reflection instead of direct spin injection. This is a novel method that can be used to inject spins into materials with different conductivities, where the traditional direct spin injection fails. Also the effect of growth field on Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/Cr/Py spin valves were investigated. In Fe3O4 the growth field induced an uni-axial anisotropy while it creates a well defined parallel and anti-parallel states in spin valves. Magneto thermal phenomenon including spin dependent Seebeck effect, Planar Nernst effect, and Anomalous Nernst effect were measured in ferromagnetic thin films and spin valves. Spin dependent Seebeck effect and planar Nernst effect were directly compared with the charge counterpart anisotropic magneto resistance. All the effects exhibited similar behavior indicating the same origin, namely spin dependent scattering.
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50

Lambert, Charles-Henri. "All-Optical Helicity dependent switching effect in magnetic thin films." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0091/document.

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Depuis une quinzaine d’années, de nombreuses solutions différentes ont été proposés afin de modifier l’aimantations de matériaux sans aucun champ magnétique extérieur appliqué. La manipulation d’aimantation à moindre coût énergétique, de préférence à des échelles de temps ultracourtes, est devenu un enjeu fondamental avec des implications pour les technologies d’enregistrement magnétique et de nouvelles sortes de stockage. Sur ce chemin, le type d’interaction découverte par Stanciu et al. ouvre la voie à l’utilisation de la lumière comme moyen d’exciter et de sonder directement les matériaux magnétiques. La description des théories et modèles existants dans ce domaine permet de nous rendre attentif sur les différents paramètres impliqués par l’interaction des lasers ultrarapides et matériaux magnétiques. L’entrelacement spécifique des impulsions de chaleur et de moment angulaire propre aux lasers ultrarapides est mise en avant afin de discuter de leur rôle dans les phénomènes observés. Le délai des interactions responsables de l’état final de l’aimantation est abordé et notamment la manière dont celle-ci ont un impact sur la façon dont le système se stabilise après une excitation laser. En outre, nous nous sommes intéressés à la relation entre les paramètres matériels et l’état final de l’aimantation obtenue avec un laser ultrarapide. Grâce aux nombreuses classes de matériaux magnétiques existantes les paramètres magnétiques peuvent être ajustés dans une grande gamme de valeurs et de manière entièrement contrôlés. Notre installation d’imagerie magnétique est alors capable de sonder les caractéristiques optiques et la stabilité des domaines après l’excitation. Nous avons finalement démontré que le retournement optique dépendent de l’hélicité peut être observée non seulement dans un grand nombre de couches minces d’alliages de terre rare-métaux de transition (RE-TM) mais aussi dans une variété beaucoup plus large de matériaux, y compris les multicouches et hétérostructures de RE-TM. Nous montrons en outre que les hétérostructures ferrimagnétiques dépourvues de terres rares présentent également un retournement optique. Nous avons en plus développé le contrôle optique de multicouches ferromagnétiques dont des films granulaires actuellement explorés pour l’enregistrement magnétique ultra-haute densité de demain. Notre découverte montre que la manipulation de l’aimantation dans des matériaux magnétiques est un phénomène beaucoup plus général que précédemment suspecté et peut avoir un impact majeur sur l’enregistrement magnétique et le stockage de l’information grâce à l’intégration nouvelle de ce type de contrôle optique dans des bits ferromagnétiques
The possibilities of modifying magnetization without applied magnetic fields have attracted growing attention over the past fifteen years. The low-power manipulation of magnetization, preferably at ultrashort timescales, has become a fundamental challenge with implications for future magnetic information memory and storage technologies. In particular the interplay of laser and magnetism recently discovered by Stanciu et al. opens up new way for light to be used as an excitation and a probe of magnetic materials. A description of the current models and frameworks developed in the field requires a careful look at the different parameters involved through the interaction of ultrafast lasers and magnetic materials. The specific and complex interplay between heat and angular momentum transfer is highlighted in order to discuss the role of each of them in the phenomena observed. The timescales of the different interactions responsible for the final state of magnetization are presented and will impact the way the system recovery after a laser excitation. Besides we were interested in exploring the relation between the material parameters such as anisotropy, ordering temperature and exchange coupling on the final state of magnetization obtained with a laser. Indeed thanks to the many different magnetism classes existing the magnetic parameters can be tuned widely and in a controlled manner. Our imaging setup then is able to probe the optical characteristics and domain stability after the laser excitation. We finally demonstrated that all-optical helicity-dependent switching (AO-HDS) can be observed not only in selected rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) alloy films but also in a much broader variety of materials, including RE-TM alloys, multilayers and heterostructures. We further show that RE-free Co-Ir-based synthetic ferrimagnetic heterostructures designed to mimic the magnetic properties of RE-TM alloys also exhibit AO-HDS. We further developed the optical control of ferromagnetic materials ranging from magnetic thin films to multilayers and even granular films being explored for ultra-high-density magnetic recording. Our finding shows that optical control of magnetic materials is a much more general phenomenon than previously assumed and may have a major impact on data memory and storage industries through the integration of optical control of ferromagnetic bits
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