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Academic literature on the topic 'Spilled oils'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spilled oils"

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Zhao, Ming Ming, Chuan Yuan Wang, Zhi Gao Sun, and Ying Chun Lv. "Preliminary Discussion on the Source Identification of Oil Spills Based on the Nitrogen Isotopic Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1289.

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Oil spill; Source identification; δ15N; Nitrogen isotope profile; biodegradation Abstract. A preliminary evaluation of nitrogen isotope analysis as a novel, alternative method for identifying spilled oils is presented. The nitrogen isotopic compositions of crude oil from different oilfields in China may be significantly different, which provides a way of screening possible sources for spilled oil of unknown origin, especially in areas of heavy tanker traffic carrying oils from different geographical regions. The value of δ15N increases gradually with the degree of biodegradation. This findings can be applied for correlation and differentiation of spilled oils at their lightly to moderately weathered stages.
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Schnitz, Paul R., and Martha A. Wolf. "NONFLOATING OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1307.

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ABSTRACT Like conventional, lighter-than-water oils, heavy oils that sink or become suspended in water when spilled can cause damage to the environment, threaten human health, and adversely affect economic resources. The behavior of heavy oil in water complicates aspects of spill response including location, mapping and containment of spilled oil; assessment of environmental and economic impacts; responder health and safety; prediction of oil movement; comparison of alternative response methods; and measurement and documentation of cleanup effectiveness. Experience shows that the techniques and equipment needed to respond to heavy oil spills are highly specific to the spill location and circumstances of the spill, accentuating the importance of preincident planning. Sound planning is one of the most important tools available for implementing an effective response to oil spills and minimizing their impacts. In this paper response strategies that have been utilized in nonfloating oil spills are examined, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of techniques and equipment employed in those incidents are discussed. The intent of this examination is to help emergency response planners recognize response methods that have worked under conditions they are likely to encounter so they can plan accordingly.
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Stalcup, Dana, Gary Yoshioka, Ellen Mantus, and Brad Kaiman. "CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL SPILLS: INLAND VERSUS COASTAL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 939–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-939.

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ABSTRACT The Emergency Response Notification System database was searched for information on the size of spills, the sources of spills, and the types of oils spilled for both inland and coastal waters. The results of this analysis indicate that the vast majority of spills for both inland and coastal waters are minor discharges, that the sources of the spills differ for inland versus coastal waters, with pipelines representing a minor source for both water systems, and that a wide variety of materials are spilled in both inland and coastal water systems, with crude oil being a more significant contributor for coastal waters.
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Jokuty, Paula. "PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS (NOT JUST ANOTHER PRETTY DATABASE)." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-975.

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ABSTRACT When an oil spill occurs, there is an immediate need on the part of spill responders to know the properties of the spilled oil, as these will affect the behavior, fate, and effects of the oil, which will in turn affect the choice of countermeasures. However, it is often difficult or impossible to obtain a sample of the spilled oil, let alone the specialized analysis required to determine its properties, in a manner timely enough to suit the circumstances of an oil spill. Under the scrutiny of the media and the public, answers regarding the identity and predicted behavior of the spilled oil will be expected immediately, if not sooner. In preparation for such emergencies, the Emergencies Science Division (ESD) of Environment Canada has been collecting properties data for crude oils and oil products since 1984. Basic physical properties—density, viscosity, pour point, etc.—and environmentally relevant characteristics—evaporation rates, emulsion formation, chemical dispersibility—are measured. Properties related to health and safety—flash point, volatile organic compounds, sulfur—also are determined. In fact, nearly 20 different types of measurements are made for both fresh and weathered crude oils and oil products. To date data has been collected for more than 400 oils. For ease of access, this information is stored in an electronic database. The database in turn is accessible via the World Wide Web, and is also periodically printed in an easy-to-read catalogue format. The wide variety of data collected in the database also makes it possible to examine both simple and complex relationships that may exist between oil properties and spill behavior. This presentation will review the full scope of information determined and collected by ESD. Using tables and graphs, examples will be presented of the many ways in which this information can be viewed and used by both laymen and experts in the field of oil spills.
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Mudge, Stephen M. "Shoreline treatment of spilled vegetable oils." Spill Science & Technology Bulletin 5, no. 5-6 (October 1999): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-2561(00)00065-7.

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Strøm-Kristiansen, Tove, Alun Lewis, Per S. Daling, Jorunn Nerbø Hokstad, and Ivar Singsaas. "WEATHERING AND DISPERSION OF NAPHTHENIC, ASPHALTENIC, AND WAXY CRUDE OILS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-631.

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ABSTRACT The chemical composition and physical properties of a crude oil determine the behavior of the oil and the way its properties will change when the oil is spilled at sea. Reliable knowledge of the oil's behavior will enable the most effective countermeasure techniques to be used in a spill situation. A diverse range of crude oils is coming into production in the North Sea. The weathering behavior and chemical dispersibility of three very different crude oils—Troll (naphthenic), Balder (asphaltenic), and Nome (waxy)—have recently been thoroughly investigated through bench- and meso-scale experiments. The naphthenic crude oil was also exposed to full-scale studies in the North Sea. This study shows that emulsion formation, the viscosity of emulsion, and the potential for dispersing emulsions by dispersant treatment may vary greatly for the different crude oils. It would be impossible to predict these differences with existing oil-weathering models based on fresh oil properties alone. Especially for abnormal (e.g., highly asphaltenic, waxy) crude oils, the weathering and dispersibility behavior can be revealed only by experimental work. The findings have important implications for effective oil spill response planning, particularly for estimating the most appropriate “window of opportunity” and for optimizing a dispersant application strategy for crude oils.
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Zhang, Lu-Jun, Xiao-Dong Huang, Yan Wang, Chun-Yan Wang, and Yong-Zhi Sun. "Discussion on dual–tree complex wavelet transform and generalized regression neural network based concentration-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for oil identification." Analytical Methods 11, no. 36 (2019): 4566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01155b.

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Precisely and rapidly determining the sources of spilled oils, which has posed threats to wildlife, human beings, and the natural environment, can provide scientific evidence for the investigation and handling of spilled oil accidents.
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Mason, R. P., and G. I. H. Kerley. "Identification of spilled oils by fluorescence spectroscopy." Oil and Chemical Pollution 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-8579(88)80010-8.

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Michel, Jacqueline, and Mark Ploen. "Options for Minimizing Environmental Impacts of Inland Spill Response: New Guide From the American Petroleum Institute." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 1770–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.1770.

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ABSTRACT 2017-054 The 2016 American Petroleum Institute inland guide incorporates lessons learned from spill responses that can minimize the environmental impacts of inland oil spills. In addition, it provides new information on the changing risk profiles of inland spills in North America. such as the increase in oil transportation by rail, the added risks of fire and air quality concerns from spills of very light crude oils from light tight shale production areas, behavior of diluted bitumen products when spilled to fresh water, and special considerations for inland spill response. Best practices for inland oil spill response are organized by Oil Groups 1–4 and Group 5 submerged oil (oil that is suspended in the water column or moving along the bottom). It provided guidance on selecting appropriate cleanup endpoints for inland spills. Finally, it provides response guidelines for issues of special concern for inland spills, including: protection of water intakes, response to spills of ethanol-blended fuels, air quality monitoring and levels of concern, oil field produced waters, treatment of oiled debris, and fast-water booming strategies.
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Powers, Ross E. "Chronic Oil Spills At Junk Yards Make Future Brownfields1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 815–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-815.

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ABSTRACT Chronic oil spills at junkyards are being overlooked, but they can cause serious economic and environmental problems. Long considered non-hazardous, motor oils, automobile fluids, industrial waste oils and solid wastes are spilled daily at scrap metal yards across the nation. These chronic spills can carry heavy metals and toxic wastes off site through surface drains, soil penetration, and track out. Intermixed with oil, these wastes are complex and costly to clean up. Superfund cleanup actions at former junkyards are only part of the economic burden to the public. Quality of life and property value problems add to the host community's roadblocks to redevelopment, and also to their list of brownfields. Relaxed attitudes in handling liquid and solid wastes at these sites, along with ignorance of environmental rules, seem to be at the root of the problem. It is suggested that local agencies get involved in monitoring waste management practices, as well as try outreach efforts to educate junkyard operators in oil spill prevention and waste management.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spilled oils"

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Jones, Michael T. "The disposal of spilled oils and sorbent materials." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : : Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. University of Florida, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA393129.

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Cade, Evelyn. "Risk, Oil Spills, and Governance: Can Organizational Theory Help Us Understand the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1614.

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The 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico awakened communities to the increased risk of large-scale damage along their coastlines presented by new technology in deep water drilling. Normal accident theory and high reliability theory offer a framework through which to view the 2010 spill that features predictive criteria linked to a qualitative assessment of risk presented by technology and organizations. The 2010 spill took place in a sociotechnical system that can be described as complex and tightly coupled, and therefore prone to normal accidents. However, the entities in charge of managing this technology lacked the organizational capacity to safely operate within this sociotechnical system.
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Maila, M. P. "Microbial ecology and bio-monitoring of total petroleum contaminated soil environments." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092006-100257.

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Pérez, Calderón Luis José. "Fate of spilled oil in marine sediments and the effects of chemical dispersant." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238377.

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The rise in global energy demand has motivated the exploration and production of oil and gas in increasingly challenging marine environments and there is a continuous risk of accidental oil spills. One of the many fates of spilled oil is deposition on the seabed, which has been extensively studied following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. However, post-depositional fates of oil in sediments are not well understood. Similarly, the effects of chemical dispersant on oil fate are currently under investigation as their overall contribution to mitigating oil spills environmental impacts remains debated. This project aimed to evaluate the potential for spilled oil to entrain marine sediments and the effects dispersant application had on the process under three transport regimes; (1) post-depositional transport via oil-sediment aggregate deposition in deep-sea sediments, (2) percolative transport in intertidal sands and (3) advective pore-water transport in intertidal and subtidal sands. Investigations into the sorption dynamics of two polyaromatic hydrocarbons in sediment-dispersantseawater systems were also undertaken to evaluate the influence of dispersant application on sorption of hydrocarbons to sediments. Finally, the effects of oil exposure at in situ conditions of pressure and temperature on sediment bacterial community composition were investigated. Oil transport experiments revealed that the tested regimes resulted in significant entrainment of hydrocarbons in marine sediments. Dispersant application resulted in enhanced oil entrainment into sands but not in silts and this effect depended on the water-solubility of hydrocarbons. Watersoluble components were less affected by dispersant than less water-soluble ones. Investigations into sediment bacterial responses to oil exposure at in situ conditions of pressure and temperature revealed a significant effect of both variables on diversity and community composition, highlighting the importance of conducting deep-sea microbial studies at conditions as close to in situ as possible.
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Dean, David B. "An Application of Geospatial Technology to Geographic Response Plans for Oil Spill Response Planning in the Western Basin of Lake Erie." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1260541474.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2009.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Arts in Geography." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 115-117.
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Gunadharma, Gautama Budhi. "Oil-spill monitoring in Indonesia." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0036/document.

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L'Indonésie, l’une de plus grands archipels, a été menacé avec la pollution provenant de la marée noire. Le gouvernement d’Indonésie en coopération avec le gouvernement Français a développé un système d'observation de l'océan par satellite afin de supporter de développement durable. Ce système est intégré dans les systèmes d'océanographie opérationnelle dans le cadre du projet de développement des infrastructures de l'océanographie spatiale (INDESO). Le contexte de cette thèse est dans le cadre du projet INDESO notamment dans applications d’INDESO pour suivre des déversements de pétrole dans les mers d’Indonésie. Dans ce contexte,cette thèse propose de nouvelles méthodologies et analyses. Cette thèse comportait deux contributions principales. La première contribution est sur la récupération des paramètres de dérive des déversements d'hydrocarbures à partir d'une analyse conjointe des observations SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) et des résultats d'un modèle de transport de déversement de pétrole. Dans cette première partie, nous estimons les paramètres de dérive de pétrole. On a exploité un modèle de transport de déversement de pétrole lagrangien,de sorte que la dérive simulée de déversement d'hydrocarbures modèles puisse correspondre à l'observation de satellite. Pour confirmer l'origine du déversement de pétrole détecté à une date donnée par une observation de SAR, nous avons effectué des simulations avec différentes dates de début de fuite, duré de fuite et différentes valeurs de pondération deux facteurs dominants i.e. vent et courant. Nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode pour l'assimilation de ces paramètres de fuite de pétrole à comparer avec d'une détection dérivée d'un déversement d'hydrocarbures. Nous avons appliqué la méthodologie proposée sur le plus grand accident en Indonésie, l'accident de Montara. La deuxième contribution est l'évaluation globale du risque de déversement d'hydrocarbures en Indonésie. Nous sommes concentrés sur la zone de gestion des pêches de l'Indonésie. Dans cette analyse, nous avons proposé une méthodologie qui considère le déversement de pétrole, qui a des sources différentes et leurs impacts à l'environnement, mais aussi sur les perspectives sociales et économiques. Pour l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité des zones marines protégées, nous avons également exploité le modèle de 2D lagrangien. L'accent mis sur les zones de gestion des pêches (FMA) afin de fournir une analyse synoptique sur l'ensemble du territoire maritime d’Indonésie. Chaque FMA présente les caractéristiques spécifiques des paramètres environnementaux etsocio-économiques. Nous avons évalué le risque de déversement d'hydrocarbures dans chaque zone de gestion sur la base de tous ces facteurs. Le résultat de cette étude peut être utilisé dans la planification d'une action pour réduire les impacts négatifs du déversement d'hydrocarbures
Indonesia as the biggest archipelago has a major threat coming from oil spill. Due to the increasing concerns of environment protection for sustainable development, the government of Indonesia in cooperation with government of France developed an ocean observation system with one of its pilot applications is oil spills monitoring. This system is integrated in the operational oceanography systems within the project of Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO). The context of this thesis is in the frame of INDESO project particularly in the monitoring of oil spill in the Indonesian seas. Within the context above, this thesis propose new methodologies and analyses. This thesis involved two main contributions. The first contribution addressed the retrieval of oil spill drift parameters from a joint analysis of SAR observations of an oil spill and of outputs of a Lagrangian oil spill transport model. In this first part, we estimate oil spill drift parameters. The proposed framework exploited a Lagrangian oil spill transport model such that the simulated oil spill drift could match a SAR-based observation of an oil spill. In the considered 2D Lagrangian model there were two dominant factors, i.e. wind and surface current. To confirm the origin of the oil spill detected on a given date through a SAR observation, we performed simulations with various leakage starting dates, leakage durations, and different values of wind and current weighing coefficients. We developed a novel framework for the assimilation of these oil leakage parameters from a SAR-derived detection of an oil spill. We applied the proposed methodology on the most famous oil spill accident in Indonesia, the Montara case. The second contribution was the global assessment of oil spill risk inIndonesia. We focused on the 11 Indonesia Fisheries Management Area to support the sustainability development of marine and fisheries. In this analysis we proposed methodology that considered the oil spillfrom different source and their impacts not only to the environment, but also from social and economic perspectives. For the assessment of vulnerability of Marine Protected Areas to oil spill pollution, we also exploited the oil spill trajectory model. The focus was given to Fisheries Management Areas as a means to provide synoptic analysis over theentire Indonesian maritime territory. Using different information from many institutional reports, we collected and analyzed the potential source of oil spill in each FMA. Each FMA has specific characteristics in terms environmental and socioeconomic features. We assessed the oil spill risk in each FMA based on all these factors. The result of this study can be used in the mitigation planning to reduce the negative impacts of oil spill
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Dos, Santos Pereira Maria da Gloria. "Bacterial degradation of linseed and sunflower oils in salt marsh sediments." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bacterial-degradation-of-linseed-and-sunflower-oils-in-salt-marsh-sediments(4697b1cb-815d-46a6-8b52-880c0cfcf62c).html.

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This work investigated the consequences of vegetable oils spills in salt marsh sediments. The role of autochthonous bacteria in the oils degradation and degradative pathways were also studied 'in situ' and 'in vitro'. Simulated spills of sunflower and linseed oils revealed that both oils penetrated the sediments at a rate of 10-7 CM2 s-1. However, whereas 60% of the linseed oil had disappeared from the sediments after 2 months most of the sunflower oil remained after 6 months. Differences were noted in the adsorption of the oils to sediment particles and the depth at which they accumulate and these factors most likely influenced the route of the oil degradation and the sediments properties such as permeability. The contamination of the sediments with vegetable oils lead to a noticeable reduction in the abundance of plant roots and infauna. The abundance of aerobic, anaerobic and sulphate reducing bacteria in the sediments was increased by the addition of both oils, with linseed oil supporting greater bacterial density than sunflower oil. During the course of the experiment the relative abundance of oil degrading bacteria also increased. As a consequence of the increased bacterial activity, the sediments pH and Eh decreased and anoxic conditions were established, earlier in the case of linseed than that of sunflower oils. The degradation of the oils appeared to be a sequential process, initiated by the aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria and continued by the sulphate reducing bacteria which themselves where unable to utilise the raw oils. The original composition of both oils underwent alterations mostly associated with their main fatty acid: the concentration of 18: 3(o3 and 18: 2o)6 in linseed and sunflower oil, respectively, decreased whereas that of the remaining fatty acids increased. As a result of the bacterial degradation of the vegetable oils 'new' fatty acids were detected and their identification was attempted using GC-MS analysis of their picolinyl and methyl esters. Various degradative pathways of linseed and sunflower oils involving the formation of the 'new' fatty acids are suggested with isomerisation, hydrogenation and P-oxidation as the primary routes for the degradation.
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Grigson, Stephen John Wentworth. "The application of biomarkers for identifying spills of North Sea crude oils." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/239.

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Suprayogi, Bambang. "The effects of oil spills on mangroves." Thesis, Suprayogi, Bambang (1996) The effects of oil spills on mangroves. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51817/.

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Mangrove communities are vulnerable to oil spills due to their location close to harbours, onshore and offshore oil production facilities, oil exploration facilities and tanker routes. Many oil spill accidents have been reported and the literature on these accidents has been examined with particular emphasis on the effects of oil on mangroves and other organisms. Most of the published studies have resulted from research after oil spill accidents occurred. However, there are very few detail studies on oil dose-response (plant symptomatology, growth, physical and chemical action) relationships in plants and sediments. An understanding of the effects of oil on mangroves may assist in predicting the interactions between oil exposure factors, species sensitivity and environmental factors. The study was designed to determine the concentrations, the time dependencies, and the lethal and subtle effects of spilled oils on different ages of mangroves, with particular focus on mangrove seedlings. The effects of volatile hydrocarbons and the interactions of oil with anoxia (lack of oxygen) on plants and sediments were also studied. Moreover, the aims of the experiments were to characterise the toxic fractions by recording chemical action of two oil types on plant leaves and sediments. The results were expected to determine the resistant index of mangroves to oil spills (time and dose) and to clarify the chemical compounds and concentrations which were toxic to mangroves. Kuwait Crude Oil (KCO) and North West Shelf Condensate (NWSC) were chosen for use as common heavy and light grade oils, respectively. Different age levels (seeds, seedlings and saplings) of Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora mncronata were chosen for experiments due to their differences in morphological features, physiological processes and sizes. The research was divided into two main exposure conditions, laboratory and field conditions. Each species was exposed to different selected doses of oil, ranging from very low (27.5 g m-2) to very high (1100 g m-2), applied to the sediment surface only, or to the sediment surface and shoots. Very low (27.5 g m-2), low (275 g m-2) and medium (1375 g m-2) doses of KCO did not permanently affect the total metabolic processes for plant survival. In certain case, these doses stimulated growth. However, application of the same doses of NWSC produced chronic effects. Exposure to higher doses (2750, 5500 and 11000 g m-2) of both oils significantly increased injury symptoms and decreased plant growth. The interactive effects between oil treatment and duration of treatment were mostly antagonistic at medium high and high doses of oil and became synergistics at very high doses of oil. Application of oil to the sediment and shoots had more acute impacts than application to the sediment surface only, as indicated by a higher symptom index, leaf abscission and mortality, decreased plant growth and reduced biomass. There were variable effects on leaf area and biomass accumulation as responses of any species were affected more by individual plant-size than by oil treatments. The greater tolerance of biomass responses to oil treatments may be because of its slower response to the stress as it follows physiological and biological changes. In certain cases, the effects were more complicated due interactions of response to oil with other environmental stresses. Although the effects of NWSC and KCO on mangroves were variable, A. marina was more sensitive to both types of oil than the three other species. The differences in morphological features and physiological processes may play an important role in sensitivities of different species. Plant stress in Avicennia mangroves was exhibited as primary effects in response to the toxicity of high concentrations of hydrocarbons and other toxic fractions in plant tissues; while, the stress in Rhizophora mangroves was caused by secondary effects such as physical and chemical changes in sediments which affected nutrient deficiencies and metabolic disruptions. Dose-response relationships for individual oil types were different in each species, and were variable under different conditions of experiment. Different species origin, culturing system, sediment characteristics and environmental factors may cause different sensitivities. Furthermore, differences in the capacity of metabolism, and different ages of mangroves resulted in different sensitivities when the same type and doses of oil were applied. The most sensitive age was seed germination, followed by seedlings and saplings, respectively. NWSC as a light oil was more toxic than KCO (a heavy oil) in all species and all age levels of mangroves. The chemical compositions of hydrocarbons in plants was more important than concentration in producing lethal and sublethal impacts than in KCO. The higher increased content of aromatic fractions in NWSC may confer the considerably degree of toxicity to plants. However, different doses of oil caused different responses in each species. While both oils were greatly degraded with time under laboratory and field conditions, the degradation of NWSC was faster than KCO in sediments. The degradation processes may also be influenced by rainfall, tidal flushing, weathering processes (evaporation), biological factors (bacteria, fungi and other micro-organisms) and environmental factors (temperature, oxygen, nutrients, salinity and pressure). In conclusion, different types and doses of oil, and duration of exposures produced different responses in each species of mangroves. Depending on amount of oil applied, the responses developed from growth stimulation to chronic and acute impacts. However, the mechanism of damage appeared to be similar in all species. The responses included foliar injury (leaf chlorosis and necrosis), leaf abscission, stem deformation, reduced number of new leaves, reduced plant growth and biomass accumulation, and mortality.
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Boyé, Donald J. "The effect of weathering processes on the vertical turbulent dispersion characteristics of crude oil spilled on the sea." FIU Digital Commons, 1994. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1777.

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Since the Exxon Valdez accident in 1987, renewed interest has come forth to better understand and predict the fate and transport of crude oil lost to marine environments. The short-term fate of an Arabian Crude oil was simulated in laboratory experiments using artificial seawater. The time-dependent changes in the rheological and chemical properties of the oil under the influence of natural weathering processes were characterized, including dispersion behavior of the oil under simulated ocean turbulence. Methodology included monitoring the changes in the chemical composition of the oil by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), toxicity evaluations for the oil dispersions by Microtox analysis, and quantification of dispersed soluble aromatics by fluorescence spectrometry. Results for this oil show a sharp initial increase in viscosity, due to evaporative losses of lower molecular weight hydrocarbons, with the formation of stable water-in-oil emulsions occurring within one week. Toxicity evaluations indicate a decreased EC-50 value (higher toxicity) occurring after the oil has weathered eight hours, with maximum toxicity being observed after weathering seven days. Particle charge distributions, determined by electrophoretic techniques using a Coulter DELSA 440, reveal that an unstable oil dispersion exists within the size range of 1.5 to 2.5 um, with recombination processes being observed between sequential laser runs of a single sample.
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Books on the topic "Spilled oils"

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Anderson, Madelyn Klein. Oil spills. New York: F. Watts, 1990.

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Walker, Jane. Oil spills. North Mankato, MN: Stargazer Books, 2004.

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Oil spills. New York: Gloucester Press, 1993.

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Oil spills. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1997.

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B, Black Wallace, ed. Oil spills. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1991.

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Caputo, Christine A. Oil spills. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2011.

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Nardo, Don. Oil spills. Detroit: Lucent Books, 2011.

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Stille, Darlene R. Oil spills. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1991.

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Oil spills. London: Franklin Watts, 2006.

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Oil spills. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spilled oils"

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Sakamoto, Kazutami. "Development of Gelling Agent for Spilled Oils." In Oil Spill Remediation, 231–45. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118825662.ch10.

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Stephansen, Cathrine, Anders Bjørgesæter, Odd Willy Brude, Ute Brönner, Tonje Waterloo Rogstad, Grethe Kjeilen-Eilertsen, Jean-Marie Libre, and Christian Collin-Hansen. "Testing and Validating Against Historic Spills." In Assessing Environmental Risk of Oil Spills with ERA Acute, 59–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70176-5_4.

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AbstractTo validate the predictive capability of ERA Acute, a study was carried out using data from two well-studied historic oil spills, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DHOS) incidents. Results from the case studies with ERA Acute were compared to the impact estimates and recovery observations that have been reported in the extensive research following the two incidents. Resource data relevant for each of the two incidents were reconstructed within the analysis area. Performance boundaries were set up for evaluating the ERA Acute results, based on the ranges of the impact and recovery estimates reported in the post-spill assessments. Validation of an oil spill ERA model against post-spill assessments of historic spills is a challenging exercise due to scientific limitations of both. ERA Acute performed satisfactorily compared to the performance boundaries and the study gave useful insight into the predictive capabilities of ERA Acute. The results from the study were used to evaluate between two different impact models and to increase the individual vulnerability of cetaceans.
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Gundlach, Erich R. "Oil Spills." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1323–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_233.

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Allegri, Theodore H. "Oil Spills." In Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, 308–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1959-7_15.

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Gundlach, Erich R. "Oil Spills." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_233-2.

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Gundlach, Erich R., William Ritchie, Randolph A. McBride, and Michael S. Fenster. "Oil Spills." In Encyclopedia of Coastal Science, 734–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_233.

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Fingas, Mervin, and Carl Brown. "Oil Spill oil spill Remote Sensing oil spill remote sensing." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 7491–527. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_732.

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Gundlach, Erich. "Oil Spill." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 1–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_194-6.

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Gundlach, Erich. "Oil Spill." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 1–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_194-7.

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Javits, Jacob K., William Mary, Bruce A. Bracken, Joyce VanTassel-Baska, Lori C. Bland, Tamra Stambaugh, Valerie Gregory, et al. "Oil Spill!" In Dig It! an earth and space science unit for high-ability learners in grade 3, 100–106. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003234692-19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spilled oils"

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An, Jubai, Hande Zhang, and Carl E. Brown. "Fuzzy model for the identification of spilled oils by laser-induced fluorescence." In Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by Upendra N. Singh, Toshikasu Itabe, and Zhishen Liu. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.466248.

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Tan, Ailing, and Weihong Bi. "Identification of spilled oils by NIR spectroscopy technology based on KPCA and LSSVM." In International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2011. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.900803.

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Bai, Yong, Shahirah Abu Bakar, ShiLiang He, and Abu Bakar Mohd Arif. "Consequences of Failure Estimation for Oil and Gas Spills." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83098.

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This paper reviews the consequence of failure (CoF) estimation for oil and gas spills based from Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) study. The main purpose of QRA is to determine the target reliabilities for each different pipeline system segments; and the purpose of CoF is to determine the failure consequences including amount and rate of oil spill and gas spill, affected area, delaying mission or any other measurement of negative impact. However, this paper will focused on determination of oil spill slicked and gas spill leakage within a leakage in a pipeline system. Then, a suitable action can be performed based on these calculations and data to avoid the consequences of failure such as number of people effected, production cost affected, environment area affected, etc. In some cases, event tree analysis will be performed especially for consequences of gas spill. Oil spill modeling is performed by using ADIOS software to stimulate the oil spilled evaporation, while oil slick calculation and gas spill leakage modeling is from common mathematical software to calculate the failure consequences. The purpose of both modeling is to simulate the potential spills with varying leakage sizes at different sections of the pipeline systems.
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Koroglu, Aysun, and M. Sedat Kabdasli. "An Oil Spill and Response Activities Scenarios After the Fuel Tank Seepage in a Port: Haydarpasa Port Case Study." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50129.

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Oil spills due to the marine related facilities have been accepted as human sourced catastrophes. The cleanup and recovery from oil spills are generally modeled with the help of numerical models. The type of oil spilled, the water temperature, the dominant winds and currents, and the types of shorelines involved are used as the key parameters of the oil spill modeling systems. The numerical studies are efficiently used to predict the fate of released oil and the containment methods. In this study, several scenarios for the recovery from the oil spill are modeled in Haydarpasa Port as a case study. Haydarpasa port, which is located on the Anatolian side of Bosporus in Istanbul, serves a hinterland for the most industrialized area of Turkey. Both the oil spill and the response activities scenarios are modeled using OILMAP™ Version 6.1. Surface Trajectory Model and the Stochastic Model for seepage from the fuel tank for varying spill duration periods and for the same environmental conditions. In this study, seepage from a fuel tank and the most efficient response activity in a port are modeled as an emergency plan in Haydarpasa port as a case study.
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Goldman, Ron, Ron Goldman, Eliyahu Biton, Eliyahu Biton, Isaac Gertman, Isaac Gertman, George Zodiatis, George Zodiatis, Barak Herut, and Barak Herut. "AN EVALUATION OF OIL POLLUTION PROBABILITY IN THE LEVANTINE BASIN OFF ISRAEL." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93715e1b93.24235003.

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Recent gas discoveries in the eastern Mediterranean Sea have led to multiple operations with substantial economic interest, and they are accompanied by the risk of oil spills and their potential environmental impacts. In this this study we compute the probability of an area being polluted by oil. The first stage of this computation is to determine what the likely scenarios for oil spills are, where the areas of higher oil spill probability are and what the expected size of the spill is. This study was performed as part of the RAOP-MED project, which considered ship collision scenarios, other accidental spill from ships and rigs, and accidents that might occur during fueling operations. The results of the project include a map of oil spill probability for the eastern Mediterranean that details different scenarios, as well as a map of the maximal spill size. We use these results to create possible oil spill scenarios and run Monte-Carlo simulations of the oil spill’s fate. The simulations use the MEDSLIK oil spill propagation model, forced by the realistic atmospheric and oceanic conditions that exist off the Israeli coast, as outlined by the SKIRON and SELIPS numerical models. Potential risk sources in the area are the ship traffic that enters and leaves the Suez channel, as well as the offshore platforms on the Nile Delta and in the Israeli exclusive economic zone. We also examine the impact of the alongshore current on the probability and severity of the pollution.
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Goldman, Ron, Ron Goldman, Eliyahu Biton, Eliyahu Biton, Isaac Gertman, Isaac Gertman, George Zodiatis, George Zodiatis, Barak Herut, and Barak Herut. "AN EVALUATION OF OIL POLLUTION PROBABILITY IN THE LEVANTINE BASIN OFF ISRAEL." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43154c8c1b.

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Recent gas discoveries in the eastern Mediterranean Sea have led to multiple operations with substantial economic interest, and they are accompanied by the risk of oil spills and their potential environmental impacts. In this this study we compute the probability of an area being polluted by oil. The first stage of this computation is to determine what the likely scenarios for oil spills are, where the areas of higher oil spill probability are and what the expected size of the spill is. This study was performed as part of the RAOP-MED project, which considered ship collision scenarios, other accidental spill from ships and rigs, and accidents that might occur during fueling operations. The results of the project include a map of oil spill probability for the eastern Mediterranean that details different scenarios, as well as a map of the maximal spill size. We use these results to create possible oil spill scenarios and run Monte-Carlo simulations of the oil spill’s fate. The simulations use the MEDSLIK oil spill propagation model, forced by the realistic atmospheric and oceanic conditions that exist off the Israeli coast, as outlined by the SKIRON and SELIPS numerical models. Potential risk sources in the area are the ship traffic that enters and leaves the Suez channel, as well as the offshore platforms on the Nile Delta and in the Israeli exclusive economic zone. We also examine the impact of the alongshore current on the probability and severity of the pollution.
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Rathour, Swarn Singh, Naomi Kato, H. Senga, N. Tanabe, M. Yoshie, and T. Tanaka. "An Autonomous Robotic Platform for Detecting, Monitoring and Tracking of Oil Spill on Water Surface." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54714.

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With the aim of aiding mitigation efforts, in mapping and simulating the transport of the discharged hydrocarbon this paper proposes an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), propelled by wind and water currents for the long-term monitoring of spilled oil on the ocean surface. This paper makes a unique contribution to the literature in proposing a cluster-based decision-making algorithm for sailing the ASV based on a complete scanning history of the area surrounding the vehicle by the oil detection sensor. A Gaussian-based oil cluster filtering algorithm is introduced to identify the largest oil slick patch. The physical constraints of the ASV have been taken in account to allow for the computation of feasible maneuvering headings for sailing to avoid sailing upwind (i.e., in the direction from which the wind is coming). Finally, using neoprene sheets to simulate oil spills, field test experiments are described to validate the operation of the ASV with respect to oil spill tracking using a guidance, navigation, and control system based on onboard sensor data for tracking the artificial oil targets.
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Rajendran, S., AS Fahad, FN Sadooni, HAS Al-Kuwari, P. Vethamony, O. Anisimov, S. Nasir, J. Al-Khayat, H. Govil, and VO Seegobin. "Oil Spill Index (OSI) to Sentinel-2 Satellite Data: QU in International Contribution." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0020.

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An Oil Spill Index (OSI = (B3+B4)/B2) was developed and applied to Sentinel-2 optical satellite data of the European Space Agency (ESA) to map marine oil spills using spectral absorption characters of spectral bands of the Sentinel-2. The potential application of OSI and derived indices [i. (5+6)/7, (3+4)/2, (11+12)/8 and ii. 3/2, (3+4)/2, (6+7)/5] were demonstrated to the oil spills that occurred off Mauritius, Indian Ocean, on August 06, 2020, and Norilsk region, Russia on May 29, 2020, and the results were published in the peer-reviewed research journals. Recently (August 19, 2021), our methodology was recognized by the Sentinel-Hub (a repository of custom scripts) https://custom-scripts.sentinel-hub.com/sentinel-2/oil-spill-index/ for OSI calculation. We validated the remote sensing results with the drone images taken during the incident. Our OSI index is the first to be applied to Sentinel-2 optical data to map oil spills. We proved the potential of indices and the capability of Sentinel sensors to detect, map, monitor, and assess the oil spill, which can be used for emergency preparedness of oil spills.
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ANUŽYTĖ, Eglė, and Vaidotas VAIŠIS. "IMPROVING HYDROPHOBICITY OF NATURAL OIL SORBENTS BY MODIFICATION METHODS." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2018.005.

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Among the existing techniques for the removal of oil from water, the use of sorbents is generally considered to be one of the most efficient. Hydrophobicity (oleophilicity) is one of the major determinants of sorbents’ properties influencing the effectiveness of oil sorption in the presence of water. In order to improve these properties, the surface of the sorbent is modified using chemical or physical treatment methods. The purpose of this study is to analyse sorbent modification methods in order to increase their hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristics for the clean-up of oil spills taking into account environmental aspects. In this research a natural organic sorbent – moss – was treated with hot water (80 °C and 100 °C), mercerized, coated with oil and oil in water emulsions with concentrations at 10% and 50%. The test of water sorption capacity was performed to compare the hydrophobic properties of modified sorbents. The results of this research demonstrate the potential of natural organic sorbents in oil spill abatement. Hot water and alkali treatments can alter the surface characteristics of plant fibers and improve absorption capacity. Sorbent coating with plant triglycerides in low concentrations of oil can be applied in order to use the modified sorbent in areas where oil is spilled into the water in small amounts due to increased water resistance and lower product absorption properties. Treating water in 80 °C can be chosen for economic purposes. Sorbents treated this way could be used to clean oil spillages not from the water surfaces, but from soil and other solid surfaces.
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Rudder, Marc, Derval Barzey, Amy Ramlal, Shaleni Gopie, and Ronald Alfred. "An Assessment of and Proposed Updates to the National Oil Spill Contingency Plan of Trinidad and Tobago Based on the Readiness Evaluation Tool for Oil Spills." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200965-ms.

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Abstract The Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries assessed the National Oil Spill Contingency Plan of Trinidad and Tobago (NOSCP, 2013) for its effectiveness as a preparedness and response mechanism. Using the Readiness Evaluation Tool for Oil Spills (RETOS™), the NOSCP attained a score of 42% in the Level A Assessment. Gaps were identified in areas including National Legislation, Risk Management, Logistics, Training and Exercises, and Operational Response. Further, lessons learned from past spills were examined to highlight deficiencies in oil spill response (OSR) planning and readiness. Proposed updates to the NOSCP include: designation of appropriate Lead Agency depending on the nature of the spill scenario, mandating Oil Spill Risk Assessments, and the use of SIMA as a decision-making tool for oil spill response; development of comprehensive guidelines for Dispersant Use, Oiled Wildlife Response and Oil Spill Waste Management. The NOSCP is being re-designed to facilitate a national response management system that meets best management practice for oil spill contingency planning. This will enable the efficient and effective deployment of the appropriate resources (equipment, expertise and oversight) to mitigate impacts to human health and the environment, and minimize production down time and socio-economic costs.
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Reports on the topic "Spilled oils"

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Walton, William D., William D. Walton, and Nora H. Jason. In situ burning of oil spills. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.935.

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Walton, William D. In situ burning of oil spills :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.995v2r1.

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Bringué, M. Marine oil spill studies (MOSS). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314908.

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Jason, Nora H., and Nora H. Jason. In situ burning oil spill. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.867.

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Evans, D., G. Mulholland, D. Gross, H. Baum, and K. Saito. Environment effects of oil spill combustion. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.88-3822.

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Sanderson, J., D. Barnette, P. Papodopoulos, K. Schaudt, and D. Szabo. A predictive ocean oil spill model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/257380.

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Bringué, M. Project MOSS: Marine Oil Spill Studies. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326956.

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Bringué, M. Project MOSS: Marine Oil Spill Studies. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328469.

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Zoric, J. P. Oil Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6780305.

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Strand, J. A., V. I. Cullinan, E. A. Crecelius, T. J. Fortman, R. J. Citterman, and M. L. Fleischmann. Monitoring of Olympic National Park Beaches to determine fate and effects of spilled bunker C fuel oil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6417513.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Spilled oils' for particular source types:
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