Journal articles: 'Spike Lee'

1

Manley, Theodoric. "Spike Lee." Ethnic and Racial Studies 39, no. 13 (June 14, 2016): 2453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1197958.

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Christensen, Jerome. "Spike Lee, Corporate Populist." Critical Inquiry 17, no. 3 (April 1991): 582–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/448598.

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Turner, Justin. "Spike Lee (dir.) (2018) BlacKkKlansman." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 16, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659019827627.

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Saltman, Benjamin. "Jungle Fever Spike Lee Monty Ross." Film Quarterly 45, no. 2 (December 1991): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1213078.

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Doherty, Thomas. ": Do the Right Thing . Spike Lee." Film Quarterly 43, no. 2 (December 1989): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.1989.43.2.04a00050.

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Saltman, Benjamin. ": Jungle Fever . Spike Lee, Monty Ross." Film Quarterly 45, no. 2 (December 1991): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.1991.45.2.04a00070.

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Doherty, Thomas. "Do the Right Thing Spike Lee." Film Quarterly 43, no. 2 (December 1989): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1212807.

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Flory, Dan. "Spike Lee and the Sympathetic Racist." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 64, no. 1 (January 2006): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8529.2006.00230.x.

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Baker, Houston A. "Spike Lee and the Commerce of Culture." Black American Literature Forum 25, no. 2 (1991): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3041685.

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Whaley, Deborah Elizabeth. "The Spike Lee Reader (review)." American Studies 50, no. 1 (2009): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ams.2011.0031.

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Gabbard, Krin. "Race and Reappropriation: Spike Lee Meets Aaron Copland." American Music 18, no. 4 (2000): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3052582.

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Petermon, Jade D. "The Shadow Behind the Real: Spike Lee Does Chicago." Film Quarterly 70, no. 2 (2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2016.70.2.30.

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When he began principal shooting in Chicago in summer 2015, Spike Lee assured audiences that Chi-Raq would engage the issue of violence on Chicago's South Side with intention and purpose. Chicagoans were skeptical because of Lee's use of the portmanteau phrase, which had been the subject of much debate in the city, as the film's title. Written almost entirely in verse, Chi-Raq is an adaptation of classical Greek playwright Aristophanes's comedy Lysistrata that marks an extension of Lee's use of satire. Despite Lee's promises, he flails outside of his native Brooklyn. The film primarily adopts a didactic and reductionist view, blaming black Chicagoans for their own “self-inflicted genocide” and encouraging them to put their trust in the notoriously corrupt Chicago Police Department.

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Pouzoulet, Catherine. "Le cinéma de Spike Lee : images d’une ville mosaïque." Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines 57, no. 1 (1993): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfea.1993.1504.

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Jang, Min yong. "The Formal Characteristics of City Symphony in by Spike Lee." KOREA SCIENCE & ART FORUM 18 (December 31, 2014): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.17548/ksaf.2014.12.18.589.

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Silva, Pablo Augusto, and Rogério Ferreira Antunes. "Estranhamento e riso no cinema contemporâneo." Estudos Avançados 24, no. 70 (2010): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-40142010000300015.

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O artigo é uma análise crítica do filme A hora do show (Bamboozled), lançado em 2000, do diretor estadunidense Spike Lee. Há em sua obra, e particularmente nesse filme, influências conceituais de dois importantes autores. De Bertold Brecht e o seu efeito de estranhamento ou efeito V (do alemão Verfremdungseffekt); e de Henri Bergson e sua concepção do riso como portador de determinada função e significado social. A obra de Spike Lee, aberta no sentido modernista, perpassa uma intenção didático-pedagógica do uso e da desconstrução da imagem eurocêntrica que ainda não foi suficientemente analisada e compreendida pela crítica.

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Fraiman, Susan. "Geometries of Race and Gender: Eve Sedgwick, Spike Lee, Charlayne Hunter-Gault." Feminist Studies 20, no. 1 (1994): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178431.

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Bonnet, Valérie, and Patrick Mpondo-Dicka. "Spike Lee et la seconde Blaxploitation. Parabole ou naturalisme : deux stratégies testimoniales." Mots, no. 99 (September 15, 2012): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mots.20687.

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18

Beebe, John. "At the MoviesDo the Right Thing. Written and Directed by Spike Lee ." San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal 8, no. 4 (June 1989): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jung.1.1989.8.4.85.

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19

Lees, Loretta. "Gentrification, Race, and Ethnicity: Towards a Global Research Agenda?" City & Community 15, no. 3 (September 2016): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12185.

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“And it's not just Fort Greene, it's not just Harlem. When I was growing up, D.C. used to be called Chocolate City. Now it's Vanilla Swirl! I used to go to London, hang out in Brixton. No more black people in Brixton. So gentrification, this thing is not just this borough, this city, this country, it's happening all over the world.” (Lee 2014, http://flavorwire.com/newswire/spike-lee-we-predicted-gentrification )

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Palis, Eleni. "The Economics and Politics of Auteurism: Spike Lee and Do The Right Thing." Cinema Journal 57, no. 2 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cj.2018.0000.

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Valley, Dylan. "Spike Lee, Do the Right Thing and the cultural boycott of apartheid South Africa." Safundi 20, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2019.1672422.

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GUBAR, SUSAN. "RACIAL CAMP in The Producers and Bamboozled." Film Quarterly 60, no. 2 (2006): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2006.60.2.26.

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ABSTRACT In Bamboozled (2001), Spike Lee extends Mel Brooks's camping of race in The Producers (1968), but how do their movies illuminate racial history? Taken together, both spoof American cultural industries, even as they prove that America provided an escape from genocidal violence for Jews but an entrapment within it for blacks.

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McPhail, Mark Lawrence. "Race and sex in black and white: Essence and ideology in the spike lee discourse." Howard Journal of Communications 7, no. 2 (April 1996): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646179609361719.

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Neal, Ron. "Spike Lee Can Go Straight to Hell! The Cinematic and Religious Masculinity of Tyler Perry." Black Theology 14, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14769948.2016.1185848.

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Dew, Spencer. "Da Sweet Blood of Jesus. Film. Directed by Spike Lee. Distributed by Gravitas Ventures, 2014." Religious Studies Review 41, no. 4 (December 2015): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsr.12255_7.

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MacDonald, Scott. "The City as the Country: The New York City Symphony from Rudy Burckhardt to Spike Lee." Film Quarterly 51, no. 2 (December 1997): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3697136.

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Gracia Landaeta, Oscar. "Cultura y pluralidad: sobre las posibilidades de expresión de “lo diverso” en el cine." Revista Con-Sciencias Sociales 9, no. 17 (December 1, 2017): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35319/consciencias.20171769.

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El trabajo plantea un acercamiento hacia las distintas formas de reconocimiento de la pluralidad en sociedades interculturales. A partir de ello, se refiere a los modos con los que el lenguaje visual del cine puede comprender tales “reconocimientos”. Sobre la articulación de estas dos temáticas se plantea el estudio de La nación clandestina de Sanjinés y de Do the right thing de Spike Lee como films característicos de las categorías reconocidas por el trabajo.

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Fuhs, Kristen. "How Documentary Remade Mike Tyson." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 41, no. 6 (July 18, 2017): 478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723517719668.

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This article will theorize the relationship between stardom and documentary by considering the ways in which documentary representations contribute to the discursive formation of a star. Specifically, the article will explore the central role that documentary film has played in remaking Mike Tyson’s public image by analyzing the boxer’s representation across three distinct films: Fallen Champ: The Untold Story of Mike Tyson (Barbara Kopple, 1993), Tyson (James Toback, 2008), and Mike Tyson: Undisputed Truth (Spike Lee, 2013).

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Thompson, Ayanna. "Racism, Misogyny, and the "Othello" Myth: Inter-Racial Couples from Shakespeare to Spike Lee (review)." Shakespeare Quarterly 57, no. 3 (2006): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/shq.2006.0082.

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Scott, James F. "Assimilation and its Discontents: Ethno-Racial Conflict in the Films of Woody Allen, Martin Scorsese, and Spike Lee." International Journal of the Arts in Society: Annual Review 1, no. 3 (2007): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/cgp/v01i03/35620.

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De Ornellas, Kevin. "Racism, Misogyny, and the Othello Myth: Inter-racial Couples from Shakespeare to Spike Lee - by Celia R. Daileader." Renaissance Studies 22, no. 2 (April 2008): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.2008.00392.x.

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32

Rickman, Gregg. ": By Any Means Necessary: The Trials and Tribulations of the Making of "Malcolm X" . Spike Lee, Ralph Wiley." Film Quarterly 46, no. 4 (July 1993): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.1993.46.4.04a00480.

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33

New, Elisa. "Film and the Flattening of Jewish-American Fiction: Bernard Malamud, Woody Allen, and Spike Lee in the City." Contemporary Literature 34, no. 3 (1993): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1208682.

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34

Klein, Emily. "Seductive Movements in Lysistrata and Spike Lee’s Chi-Raq: Activism, Adaptation, and Immersive Theatre in Film." Adaptation 13, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apz011.

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Abstract This article investigates how Spike Lee’s 2015 Lysistrata adaptation, Chi-Raq, reaches beyond the screen—‘in excess’ of its medium—by using the techniques of immersive theatre to revive Aristophanes’ classical plot as well as his urgent call to citizenly collective action (McGowan, Todd. Spike Lee. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2014). Lee’s seductive activist fairytale in rhyming verse imagines a worldwide sex strike led by Chicago’s women of colour. Like its Classical predecessor, the film both critiques and reinforces the spectacular objectification of female bodies; that tension is always in play, even as it successfully brings about a peace treaty between two warring Englewood gangs. To explore this and other socio-political tensions, Lee’s film employs many of the ‘physical, sensual and participatory’ elements that Josephine Machon understands as central to immersive performance (Machon, Josephine. Immersive Theatres: Intimacy and Immediacy in Contemporary Performance. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. xv). Crucial to this immersive adaptation is Lee’s transgressive coordination of sight, touch, and sound to aptly update Lysistrata’s acts of refusal as deeply gendered and racialized calls for intimate justice. In effect, audiences learn, move, chant, yearn, and envision a better world alongside the characters in the film. As a result, the goals of Chi-Raq are achieved in ways that are both more compellingly relevant and more radical than any other contemporary Lysistrata adaptation in recent memory.

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WESTWELL, GUY. "Regarding the Pain of Others: Scenarios of Obligation in Post-9/11 US Cinema." Journal of American Studies 45, no. 4 (November 2011): 815–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811000971.

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This article examines how the experience of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks has prompted both a hardening of a narrow version of US national identity figured in prejudicial terms and, conversely, an increased willingness to explore difference as it occurs both within the US (i.e. in the relations between Americans) and abroad (i.e. in the relations between Americans and foreigners). Through close textual analysis of two feature films – 25th Hour (Spike Lee, 2002) and Rendition (Gavin Hood, 2007) – this article profiles this increased willingness to explore difference as it is indexed in both the form and content of the films under discussion.

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Rickman, Gregg. "Review: By Any Means Necessary: The Trials and Tribulations of the Making of "Malcolm X" by Spike Lee, Ralph Wiley." Film Quarterly 46, no. 4 (1993): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1213187.

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Jones, David. "Afrocentric Ideologies and Gendered Resistance in Daughters of the Dust and Malcolm X: Setting, Scene, and Spectatorship." Ethnic Studies Review 21, no. 1 (1988): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.1998.21.1.71.

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This study of scenes from the films Daughters of the Dust and Malcolm X, describes images of myth, gender, and resistance familiar to African-American interpretive communities. Key thematic and technical elements of these films are opposed to familiar Hollywood practices, indicating the directors' effort to address resisting spectators. Both filmmakers, Julie Dash and Spike Lee respectively, chose subjects with an ideological resonance in African-American collective memory: Malcolm X, eulogized by Ossie Davis as “our living black manhood”(i) and the women of the Gullah Sea Islands, a site often celebrated for its authentically African cultural survivals. Both films combine images of an African past with an American present using a pattern of historically specific myths and tropes.

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Lubiano, Wahneema. "But Compared to what?: Reading Realism, Representation, and Essentialism in School Daze, do the Right Thing, and the Spike Lee Discourse." Black American Literature Forum 25, no. 2 (1991): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3041686.

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Wang, Oliver. "Knife to the Heart." Film Quarterly 75, no. 3 (2022): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2022.75.3.46.

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Upon its release in 1982, Chan Is Missing became the first Asian American narrative feature to gain national distribution, crossover audiences, and critical acclaim. Forty years later, Oliver Wang discusses the film’s landmark achievement with its writer and director Wayne Wang, whose career was launched by the film’s success. Yet despite the film’s significance within a nascent Asian American filmography, Wang has not achieved the same level of recognition as other American independent filmmakers of the era, such as Steven Soderbergh and Spike Lee, an oversight that the film’s 40th anniversary Blu-ray edition along with Wang’s other “Chinatown Chronicles” (Dim Sum: A Little Bit of Heart [1985] and Eat a Bowl of Tea [1989]) is a step towards rectifying.

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Lurie, Peter. "Everybody’s Protest Cinema." James Baldwin Review 7, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jbr.7.7.

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This article uses Baldwin’s 1949 essay “Everybody’s Protest Novel” to consider that literary mode’s corollary in the 1990s New Black Cinema. It argues that recent African American movies posit an alternative to the politics and aesthetics of films by a director such as Spike Lee, one that evinces a set of qualities Baldwin calls for in his essay about Black literature. Among these are what recent scholars such as Ann Anlin Cheng have called racial melancholy or what Kevin Quashie describes as Black “quiet,” as well as variations on Yogita Goyal’s diaspora romance. Films such as Barry Jenkins’s adaptation of If Beale Street Could Talk (2018) and Joe Talbot and Jimmy Fails’s The Last Black Man in San Francisco (2019) offer a cinematic version of racial narrative at odds with the protest tradition I associate with earlier Black directors, a newly resonant cinema that we might see as both a direct and an indirect legacy of Baldwin’s views on African American culture and politics.

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Saiz, Ariadna. "She’s gotta have it: representatividad de las series afroamericanas como intake de ESL en secundaria." Porta Linguarum Revista Interuniversitaria de Didáctica de las Lenguas Extranjeras, no. 37 (January 5, 2022): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/portalin.vi37.22382.

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ABSTRACT: A través del análisis de un corpus de 40 testimonios de adolescentes de 2º de Bachillerato sobre sus hábitos de consumo de series en plataformas como Netflix, en el presente trabajo se procede a analizar la mayor o menor preferencia por contenidos diversos que remitan a referentes más allá de los propios del mainstream. Con el objetivo de acercarnos al entramado de creencias que este alumnado porta sobre el input televisivo como vector adquisitivo del inglés como L2, se elaboró un cuestionario que, partiendo de sus hábitos de consumo generales, desemboca en el ámbito anglófono para terminar centrándose en la recepción de la serie Nola Darling del director afroamericano Spike Lee. El objetivo último sería no obviar estas creencias y representaciones, con vistas a incorporarlas al currículo de ESL más incluyentes y menos sesgados. Los primeros resultados, apuntan a una preferencia por las series estadounidenses vs europeas, a un consumo idiomático en VO y a una prevalencia de referentes y contextos WASP como anclaje con su comunidad generacional. En relación con la serie de pilotaje propuesta, Nola Darling, destacan creencias tradicionales como la asociación de la marginalidad y la precariedad al colectivo femenino afroamericano

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Benchimol, Lucía. "She’s gotta habit." Ética y Cine Journal 9, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31056/2250.5415.v9.n3.26802.

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En el 2017 la plataforma de contenido audio visual Netflix presenta She’s Gotta Have It, serie que se basa en la película de Spike Lee filmó en 1986, con la que comparten el nombre y el director. Trabajaremos algunas cuestiones de la primera temporada que consta de diez capítulos, de treinta minutos aproximadamente cada uno, con un guión adaptado. Vuelve Nola Darling, mujer negra activista y artista que vive en Booklyn, y encuentra en permanentemente búsqueda de su propia identidad. En este recorrido coinciden su aspiración en la profesión y los acontecimientos que la nombran como mujer. Nola resiste toda alienación a un nombre, y se sostiene a partir de multiplicar las otras que inventa. Esta solución no alcanza cuando se trata de abordar lo real del acontecimiento traumático. El director nos muestra el contraste entre un barrio colmado de referencias identitarias, con sus imágenes, sus películas, sus discos y una mujer que idealiza la forma negra femenina, al punto de que cada vez que algo la representa no es. Al modo Rashomon (Jingo, 1950) cada quien la mira desde una perspectiva, pero no hay una forma acabada. Nola sabe que no hay La Mujer, pero cree en ella y crea un modo de hacerla existir, sin nombrarla, sin serla.

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Wüstenberg, Daniel G., Milena Boytcheva, Bernd Grünewald, John H. Byrne, Randolf Menzel, and Douglas A. Baxter. "Current- and Voltage-Clamp Recordings and Computer Simulations of Kenyon Cells in the Honeybee." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 4 (October 2004): 2589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01259.2003.

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The mushroom body of the insect brain is an important locus for olfactory information processing and associative learning. The present study investigated the biophysical properties of Kenyon cells, which form the mushroom body. Current- and voltage-clamp analyses were performed on cultured Kenyon cells from honeybees. Current-clamp analyses indicated that Kenyon cells did not spike spontaneously in vitro. However, spikes could be elicited by current injection in approximately 85% of the cells. Of the cells that produced spikes during a 1-s depolarizing current pulse, approximately 60% exhibited repetitive spiking, whereas the remaining approximately 40% fired a single spike. Cells that spiked repetitively showed little frequency adaptation. However, spikes consistently became broader and smaller during repetitive activity. Voltage-clamp analyses characterized a fast transient Na+ current ( INa), a delayed rectifier K+ current ( IK,V), and a fast transient K+ current ( IK,A). Using the neurosimulator SNNAP, a Hodgkin–Huxley-type model was developed and used to investigate the roles of the different currents during spiking. The model led to the prediction of a slow transient outward current ( IK,ST) that was subsequently identified by reevaluating the voltage-clamp data. Simulations indicated that the primary currents that underlie spiking are INa and IK,V, whereas IK,A and IK,ST primarily determined the responsiveness of the model to stimuli such as constant or oscillatory injections of current.

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Herink, Josef. "Atropine-Induced Convulsions in the Septohippocampal System. I. Effects of Cannula Position and Sex." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 41, no. 3 (1998): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2019.177.

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Effects of local administration of atropine into the medial septal nucleus (MSN) and dorsal septal nucleus (DSN) were tested in laboratory rats. Atropine administration led to the development of a spike/wave activity in the hippocampus as well as amygdala within 10 minutes. The frequency of spikes ranged in the absolute values from 20 to 25 spikes per minute in the case of atropine administration to MSN, while in the case of DSN it reached only about 16 spikes per minute. Spike/wave activity outlasted in the EEG record within 2 hours. The average incidence of spikes was somewhat lower in females than in males. A possible relation of the atropine-induced spike/wave activity to another kinds of limbic convulsions is discussed.

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Han, Guilai, and Zonglin Jiang. "Hypersonic Flow Field Reconfiguration and Drag Reduction of Blunt Body with Spikes and Sideward Jets." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7432961.

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Flow field reconfiguration and drag reduction have been investigated by numerically solving Navier-Stokes equations, with the 2nd order dispersion controlled dissipative scheme adopted for the convective term discretion and the 2nd order central difference scheme for viscous term. Spikes and sideward jets nearby the spike noses were set up in the front of the blunt body to reconfigure the flow field and reduce drag during hypersonic flight. The spikes and the sideward jets led to the formation of the conical shock, the reattached shock, and the circumfluence, instead of a bow shock. According to the quantitative analysis, the reconfiguration of the flow field played a dominant role in drag reduction. Basing on the locations of the reattached shock and its interaction with the conical shock, a combined parameter was proposed for a primary criterion to design the spiked bodies with sideward jets for the purpose of drag reduction.

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Fleming, Weston, Sean Jewell, Ben Engelhard, Daniela M. Witten, and Ilana B. Witten. "Inferring spikes from calcium imaging in dopamine neurons." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e0252345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252345.

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Calcium imaging has led to discoveries about neural correlates of behavior in subcortical neurons, including dopamine (DA) neurons. However, spike inference methods have not been tested in most populations of subcortical neurons. To address this gap, we simultaneously performed calcium imaging and electrophysiology in DA neurons in brain slices and applied a recently developed spike inference algorithm to the GCaMP fluorescence. This revealed that individual spikes can be inferred accurately in this population. Next, we inferred spikes in vivo from calcium imaging from these neurons during Pavlovian conditioning, as well as during navigation in virtual reality. In both cases, we quantitatively recapitulated previous in vivo electrophysiological observations. Our work provides a validated approach to infer spikes from calcium imaging in DA neurons and implies that aspects of both tonic and phasic spike patterns can be recovered.

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McLendon, Jacquelyn Y. "Racism, Misogyny, and the “Othello” Myth: Inter-racial Couples from Shakespeare to Spike Lee. By Celia R. Daileader. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005; pp. x+256, 6 illus. $70 cloth, $25.99 paper." Theatre Survey 48, no. 1 (April 25, 2007): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557407000439.

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48

Ghahari, Alireza, Sumit R. Kumar, and Tudor C. Badea. "Identification of Retinal Ganglion Cell Firing Patterns Using Clustering Analysis Supplied with Failure Diagnosis." International Journal of Neural Systems 28, no. 08 (August 26, 2018): 1850008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500089.

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An important goal in visual neuroscience is to understand how neuronal population coding in vertebrate retina mediates the broad range of visual functions. Microelectrode arrays interface on isolated retina registers a collective measure of the spiking dynamics of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by probing them simultaneously and in large numbers. The recorded data stream is then processed to identify spike trains of individual RGCs by efficient and scalable spike detection and sorting routines. Most spike sorting software packages, available either commercially or as freeware, combine automated steps with judgment calls by the investigator to verify the quality of sorted spikes. This work focused on sorting spikes of RGCs into clusters using an integrated analytical platform for the data recorded during visual stimulation of wild-type mice retinas with whole field stimuli. After spike train detection, we projected each spike onto two feature spaces: a parametric space and a principal components space. We then applied clustering algorithms to sort spikes into separate clusters. To eliminate the need for human intervention, the initial clustering results were submitted to diagnostic tests that evaluated the results to detect the sources of failure in cluster assignment. This failure diagnosis formed a decision logic for diagnosable electrodes to enhance the clustering quality iteratively through rerunning the clustering algorithms. The new clustering results showed that the spike sorting accuracy was improved. Subsequently, the number of active RGCs during each whole field stimulation was found, and the light responsiveness of each RGC was identified. Our approach led to error-resilient spike sorting in both feature extraction methods; however, using parametric features led to less erroneous spike sorting compared to principal components, particularly for low signal-to-noise ratios. As our approach is reliable for retinal signal processing in response to simple visual stimuli, it could be applied to the evaluation of disrupted physiological signaling in retinal neurodegenerative diseases.

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Klug, Achim, and Laurence O. Trussell. "Activation and Deactivation of Voltage-Dependent K+ Channels During Synaptically Driven Action Potentials in the MNTB." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 3 (September 2006): 1547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01381.2005.

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K+ channels shape individual action potentials and determine their pattern of firing. In auditory relays, both high- and low-voltage–activated K+ channels (HVA and LVA) are critical for preservation of auditory timing cues. We examined how these channels participate in firing in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Principal cells at physiological temperature were voltage clamped using spike waveforms previously recorded in response to calyceal firing. Current components were isolated by digital subtraction of traces recorded in the channel antagonists dendrotoxin-I or tetraethylammonium. During orthodromic spikes delivered at 300 and 600 Hz, both currents activated with a slight delay, peaking just after the crest of the spike. The decay of HVA was sufficiently fast to match the time course of the spike. By contrast, with 300-Hz stimuli, LVA continued to decay after the spikes reached a stable interspike potential. Although LVA currents partially inactivate during prolonged voltage steps, their peak amplitudes remained stable or increased during trains of spikelike stimuli. At 600 Hz, LVA did not fully deactivate between the spikes and therefore generated a leak current. To determine the effect of blocking LVA channels on spiking, prerecorded postsynaptic conductances were injected, with and without dendrotoxin-I. After block of LVA channels, strong synaptic conductances produced broader spikes, greater spike jitter, and prolonged depolarized states. HVA blockade with tetraethylammonium also broadened spikes but led to less error in timing. These results reveal multiple roles for LVA channels in spike repolarization and timing during synaptic activity.

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Fu, Xiaoxuan, Youhua Wang, Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem, Yingxin Cao, Hao Cheng, Xiaohu Zhao, Shenghua Chen, and Chao Chen. "Interictal Spike and Loss of Hippocampal Theta Rhythm Recorded by Deep Brain Electrodes during Epileptogenesis." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031114.

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Epileptogenesis is the gradual dynamic process that progressively led to epilepsy, going through the latent stage to the chronic stage. During epileptogenesis, how the abnormal discharges make theta rhythm loss in the deep brain remains not clear. In this paper, a loss of theta rhythm was estimated based on time–frequency power using the longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG), recorded by deep brain electrodes (e.g., the intracortical microelectrodes such as stereo-EEG electrodes) with monitored epileptic spikes in a rat from the first region in the hippocampal circuit. Deep-brain EEG was collected from the period between adjacent sporadic interictal spikes (lasting 3.56 s—35.38 s) to the recovery period without spikes by videos while the rats were performing exploration. We found that loss of theta rhythm became more serious during the period between adjacent interictal spikes than during the recovery period without spike, and during epileptogenesis, more loss was observed at the acute stage than the chronic stage. We concluded that the emergence of the interictal spike was the direct cause of loss of theta rhythm, and the inhibitory effect of the interictal spike on ongoing theta rhythm was persistent as well as time dependent during epileptogenesis. With the help of the intracortical microelectrodes, this study provides a temporary proof of interictal spikes to produce ongoing theta rhythm loss, suggesting that the interictal spikes could correlate with the epileptogenesis process, display a time-dependent feature, and might be a potential biomarker to evaluate the deficits in theta-related memory in the brain.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spike Lee'

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