Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spike Lee'

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_vm_me_sjrp.pdf: 2852276 bytes, checksum: 6edda76d5dac99cb133b8f9ed4b11c58 (MD5)
Malcolm X foi figura exponencial durante a luta pelos direitos civis da população afroamericana nos EUA nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. Seu polêmico discurso pela resistência violenta das populações negras contra o racismo branco marcou gerações naquele país. Esta dissertação de mestrado pretende analisar as representações desse personagem histórico na obra “Autobiografia de Malcolm X”, texto biográfico escrito pelo jornalista Alex Halley e sua transcodificação para o Cinema no filme “Malcolm X” do cineasta Spike Lee
Malcolm X was a remarkable historical character during the Civil Rights struggles in the USA in the 1950s and 1960s. His polemical speech in favor of black resistance against the white racism was fundamental to the next generations in the country. This study aims at analyzing Malcolm´s representations in Alex Halley´s biography – Malcolm X – and its transcodification to the film X, directed by Spike Lee

This study examines African American stereotypes in film. I studied six directors, Kathryn Bigelow, Spike Lee, the Russo Brothers, Ryan Coogler, Tate Taylor, and Dee Rees; and six films Detroit, BlacKkKlansman, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, The Help, and Mudbound. Using the framework of critical race theory and auteur theory, I compared the common themes between the films and directors. The main purpose of my study is to see if White or Black directors predominantly used African American stereotypes. I found that both races of directors rely on stereotypes for different purposes. With Black directors, the stereotype was explained further through character development, while the White directors used the stereotype at face value with no further explanation.

This paper delves into the realms of tragedy, memory and representation. Drawing upon the phenomenon of the Phantom Limb and extending it towards a theory of Phantom Bodies, various artworks - literary, theatrical and visual - are examined. After the conflagration of the terrorist attack, how are these absences grieved over and remembered through artistic representation? The essay examines this question by positioning itself amongst the scarred landscapes of post-September 11 New York and suicide bombings in Israel (2000-2006). Furthermore, it investigates whether humanity can be restored in the aftermath of an event in which certain individuals have sought to eradicate it. The fragmentation of the affected body in these scenarios is understood as further complicating processes of grief and remembrance. Artists who reject political polemic and engage with the dimensions of human loss are seen to have discovered means of referring to the absence caused by the act of terrorism. Three such recurring representations present themselves: ash and remnants, presence/absence and memory building. Phantom Bodies are perceived as simultaneously functioning as a reminder of the event itself, insisting upon the response of bearing witness, and as a symbol of the overwhelming power of humanity. Challenges arise when individuals or sections of the affected society deem these artworks to be inappropriate or explicit. Works considered include: Neil LaBute's play The Mercy Seat, Sigalit Landau's art installation The Country, Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close, Spike Lee's 25th Hour, Daniel Libeskind's architectural plans for the World Trade Center site, Eric Fischl's sculpture 'Tumbling Woman', Honor Molloy's autodelete://beginning dump of physical memory and A.B.Yehoshua's A Woman in Jerusalem. The accompanying play, Tales of Ash: A diptych for the theatre, is set in Melbourne, New York and Tel Aviv and deals with life in the face of and after terror. It veers between naturalism, poetic monologue and the epic. Tales of Ash contains two plays. The first centres on Mia, a young sculptor living in New York, who loses both her lover and her creativity on September 11. Upon returning to her home in Melbourne, she finds familial bonds still entwined with guilt and family trauma. The second play revolves around Ilana and Benny, two people living in Tel Aviv, who find themselves suddenly thrust together after a devastating bombing. As they attempt to resume rhythms of life, in the face of all the inherent ferocity of a modern existence in Israel, the struggle between The Ash Woman and The Ash Takers escalates.

Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chronic groin pain is widespread across many sporting disciplines. The aim of our research was to determine if there are kinematic differences of the thoracic spine in active sports people with chronic groin pain, compared with healthy controls. A cross-sectional descriptive design was followed. Participants were required to complete six single leg drop landings with each leg from a 20cm height. The study was done in the 3D Movement Analysis Laboratory at the University of Stellenbosch. Ten male participants with unilateral or bilateral chronic groin pain of more than 3 months duration and 10 asymptomatic males, matched for age and sports participation, were recruited. The main outcome measures were: thoracic spine angle at initial foot contact, maximum thoracic spine angle, range of movement (ROM) (difference between the minimum and maximum values) and thoracic spine angle at lowest vertical point of the pelvis. This was assessed in all 3 movement planes: the sagittal plane (X plane), the coronal plane (Y plane) and the transverse plane (Z plane). The results of our study showed that for the unilaterally affected groin pain group, the cases landed in significantly more thoracic flexion (P<0.001 with large effect size) and were in significantly more thoracic flexion still at the lowest point. Peak thoracic flexion was significantly more in the cases than the controls. (P<0.001 with medium effect size) The same was true for the bilaterally affected group when landing on the most painful side, although this was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the frontal or transverse planes. In the bilaterally painful group, axial rotation ROM was significantly reduced when landing on either leg (worst affected side: P=0.040 with medium effect size and least affected side: p=0.006 with large effect size). The same occurred in the unilaterally affected group, although this was not statistically significant. Our study suggests that, in participants with chronic groin pain, there is greater thoracic forward flexion away from neutral during landing and that total axial rotation ROM during landing is diminished.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kroniese liespyn kom dikwels en in verskeie sportsoorte voor. Die doel van ons studie was om te bepaal of daar kinematiese verskille van die torakale werwelkolom is in aktiewe sportmense met chroniese liespyn, in vergelyking met gesonde kontroles. ‘n Dwars-deursnit beskrywende studiemetode is gevolg, en uitgevoer in die 3D Beweging Analise Laboratorium, Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Deelnemers moes ses landings op een been doen, met elke been, vanaf 'n 20cm hoogte. Tien mans met eensydige of bilaterale chroniese liespyn vir langer as 3 maande, en 10 asimptomatiese mans (ooreenstemmende ouderdom en sport deelname) het deelgeneem. Die hoof uitkomste wat gemeet is, was torakale werwelkolom krommingshoek by aanvanklike voet-kontak, maksimum torakale werwelkolom krommingshoek, omvang van beweging (OVB) (verskil tussen die minimum en maksimum waardes) en torakale werwelkolom krommingshoek by die laagste punt van die bekken. Dit is beoordeel in al 3 beweging vlakke: die sagittale (X) vlak, die koronale/frontale (Y) vlak en die transversale (Z) vlak. Die resultate van die studie het getoon dat, in die eensydig-geaffekteerde liespyn groep, die deelnemers in beduidend meer torakale fleksie geland het(P < 0.001, met 'n groot effekgrootte), asook met aansienlik meer torakale fleksie by die laagste punt na landing. Piek torakale fleksie was aansienlik meer in die liespyn-gevalle as in die kontroles. (P < 0.001, met middelmatige effekgrootte ) Dieselfde het vir die bilateraalgeaffekteerde groep gegeld wanneer hulle op hul mees pynlike kant geland het, hoewel dit nie statisties beduidend was nie. Daar was geen betekenisvolle verskille in die frontale of transversale vlakke van beweging nie. In die bilateraal pynlike groep, was aksiale rotasie OVB aansienlik verminder wanneer die gevalle op hul pynlikste been óf op hul minder pynlike been geland het ( mees pynlike been : P = 0,040, met 'n middelmatige effekgrootte en minder pynlike been : p = 0,006, met 'n groot effekgrootte ). Dieselfde het in die eensydig-geaffekteerde groep gebeur, hoewel dit nie statisties beduidend was nie. Ons studie dui daarop dat, in deelnemers met chroniese liespyn, daar meer torokale fleksie weg van neutraal tydens landing is en dat die totale aksiale rotasie OVB tydens die landing verminder is, in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep.

Treating Sandra Cisneros' The House on Mango Street and Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker as Erziehungsroman—that is, stories whose coming-of-age process depends on the characters' education—reveals the similar process that both Esperanza Cordero and Henry Park experience as they navigate the 1960s and 1970s American school system. The most important obstacle in Esperanza's and Henry's ability to achieve academically is the contract of vagueness, the tacit agreement between federal education policy and English language learning (ELL) students to misunderstand one another. Differing cultural conceptions of education perpetuate this mutually detrimental relationship between education policy and ELL students, forcing Henry and Esperanza to choose between satisfying the cultural expectations of their ethnic communities and fulfilling the cultural expectations of their schools, a decision which initially appears mutually exclusive. Exacerbated by their school experiences, both Henry and Esperanza go through a process of rejecting and reclaiming their ethnicity as they come to terms with their ethnic identity. That both characters eventually turn to social advocacy as a solution not only to their own educational struggles but also to the ghettoization of their ethnic communities suggests cosmopolitanism as a solution to the constraints of the contract of vagueness, both for Henry and Esperanza and for their ethnic communities.

I två analyser av filmerna; Do The Right Thing av Spike Lee (1989) och Hemligheter och lögner av Mike Leigh (1996), har jag undersökt  hur och varför samhällsproblematik  som berör klass- och rasfrågan presenteras på film utifrån hur cultural studies teoretiskt förhåller sig till problematiska relationer mellan kulturella identiteter i USA och Storbritannien. Jag kom fram till att identifikationen av den kulturella identiteten var olika i respektive länder; USA och Storbritannien. I USA var rastillhörigheten utgångspunkten för den kulturella identiteten och i Storbritannien var det klasstillhörigheten utgångspunkten för den kulturella identiteten.

Electroencephalography is a medical diagnosis technique. It consists in measuring the biopotentials produced by the upper layers of the brain at various standardized places on the skull.

Since the biopotentials produced by the upper parts of the brain have an amplitude of about one microvolt, the measurements performed by an EEG are exposed to many risks.

Moreover, since the present tendency is measure those signals over periods of several hours, or even several days, human analysis of the recording becomes extremely long and difficult. The use of signal analysis techniques for the help of paroxysm detection with clinical interest within the electroencephalogram becomes therefore almost essential. However the performance of many automatic detection algorithms becomes significantly degraded by the presence of interference: the quality of the recordings is therefore fundamental.

This thesis explores the benefits that electronics and signal processing could bring to electroencephalography, aiming at improving the signal quality and semi-automating the data processing.

These two aspects are interdependent because the performance of any semi-automation of the data processing depends on the quality of the acquired signal. Special attention is focused on the interaction between these two goals and attaining the optimal hardware/software pair.

This thesis offers an overview of the medical electroencephalographic acquisition chain and also of its possible improvements.

The conclusions of this work may be extended to some other cases of biological signal amplification such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electromyogram (EMG). Moreover, such a generalization would be easier, because their signals have a wider amplitude and are therefore more resistant toward interference.

Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction-Groin injuries are among the top six most cited injuries in soccer and account for 10-18 per cent of all injuries reported in contact sport. Groin pain can result from a variety of pathologies, but according to literature, 63 per cent of groin pain is due to adductor pathology. Objective-The objective of this study was to explore if there are kinematic differences in the hip joint in sports participants with groin pain compared to matched healthy controls. Study design A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Study setting-The study was conducted at the FNB -3D motion analysis laboratory at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Outcome variables-The dependent variables included hip kinematics in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes at foot strike, lowest vertical point of the pelvis and total range of hip motion during a single leg drop landing. Methodology-The study sample comprised 20 male club level soccer-and, rugby players, running and cycling participants between the ages of 18-55 years of age. Ten of the subjects had chronic groin pain and the other ten were healthy matched controls. An eight-camera Vicon system was used to analyse the kinematics of the hip joint during single leg drop landing. For the purpose of comparison, the data was analysed for participants with unilateral groin pain and matched controls (n=14) and participants with bilateral groin pain and controls (n=6). The full set of data was subdivided for analysis into three distinct sub-groups. Unilaterally injured groin cases (n=7) were matched with seven healthy controls for analysis. Bilaterally injured groin cases (n=3) were matched with three healthy controls. Results-Cases with unilateral groin pain at initial contact had significantly more abduction of the hip joint when compared to controls (p<0.05). The effect size of this difference was large (0.94). Cases with unilateral groin pain also demonstrated greater hip internal rotation while the controls had external rotation (p<0.05) during a drop landing activity. Bilaterally injured groin cases landed with significantly (p=?) greater ranges of hip flexion as well as in significantly (p=?) more hip abduction during a drop landing activity. They also demonstrated greater total range of motion in the frontal plan when compared to controls. Groin pain cases overall demonstrated greater ranges of motion and tended to land in more abduction compared to controls. Conclusion-This study found that during a single leg drop landing, sports participants with unilateral chronic groin pain landed with significantly greater hip abduction and exhibited larger total range of motion in the transverse plane, which may indicate impaired stability of the hip complex when compared to controls.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding-Liesbeserings is een van die top ses mees prominente sokker beserings. Dit beloop 10-18 persent van alle beserings wat in kontaksport aangemeld word. Liespyn kan die gevolg wees van ‘n verskeidenheid patologië, maar volgens die literatuur is 63 persent van liespyn as gevolg adduktor patologie. Doelwitte-Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om ondersoek in te stel of daar enige kinematiese veranderinge in die heupgewrig is in spelers met liespyn in vergelyking met dieselfde vergelykbare spelers sonder liespyn. Studie Ontwerp-‘n Deursnit, beskrywende studie was onderneem. Studie Omgewing-Die studie was uitgevoer by die FNB-3D bewegingsanalise laboratorium van die Stellenbosch Universiteit, Suid-Afrika. Uitkomsveranderlikes-Die afhanklike veranderlikes het in gesluit die heup kinematika in die sagitale, frontale en transvers vlakke met voet kontak endie laagste vertikale punt van die pelvis sowel as die totale heup omvang van beweging gedurende een been landing. Metodologie-Die studie populasie het bestaan uit 20 manlike sokker- en, rugbyspelers, hardlopers en fietsryers tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 55 jaar. Tien van die deelnemers het kroniese liespyn gehad en die ander tien in die gelyke gesonde groep was sonder liespyn. Die agt kamera Vicon sisteem was gebruik om die kinematika van die heupgewrig te analseer tydens een been landing. Vir die doel om ‘n vergelyking te kan maak, was die data geanaliseer van deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn en die vergelykende groep sonder liespyn (n=14) en deelnemers met bilaterale liespyn en hulle vergelykende groep sonder liespyn (n=6).. Die volledige stel data was onderverdeel in drie afsonderlike sub groepe. Vir die analiese was unilaterale liesbeserings (n=7) vergelyk met sewe deelnemers sonder liespyn in die kontrolegroep. Deelnemers met bilaterale liesbeserings (n=3) was vergelyk met drie in die kontrolegroep. Resultate-Die deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn het met eerste kontak beduidend meer abduksie van die heupgewrig gehad in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep (p<0.05). Die effek van hierdie verskil was groot (0.94). Die deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn het ook ‘n grooter interne rotasie getoon, terwyl die kontrole groep meer eksterne rotasie gedemonstreer het (p<0.05) met landing. Deelnemers met bilaterale liespyn het beduidend (p=?) meer heup fleksie en abduksie omvang van beweging tydens landing. Hulle het ook ‘n groter totale heup omvang van beweging in die frontale vlak gehad in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep. Deelnemers met liespyn het oor die algemeen ‘n grooter omvang van beweging getoon, en was geneig om met meer abduksie van die heup te land as die kontrolegroep. Gevolgtrekking-Die studie toon dat deelnemers met kroniese unilaterale liespyn, tydens een been landing, beduidende meerheup abduksie toon en dat die heup in die transverse vlak meer totale omvang van beweging gebruik wat kan dui op onstabiliteit in die heupkompleks in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep.

Résumé : Les ions hydronium (H3O + ) sont formés, à temps courts, dans les grappes ou le long des trajectoires de la radiolyse de l'eau par des rayonnements ionisants à faible transfert d’énergie linéaire (TEL) ou à TEL élevé. Cette formation in situ de H3O + rend la région des grappes/trajectoires du rayonnement temporairement plus acide que le milieu environnant. Bien que des preuves expérimentales de l’acidité d’une grappe aient déjà été signalées, il n'y a que des informations fragmentaires quant à son ampleur et sa dépendance en temps. Dans ce travail, nous déterminons les concentrations en H3O + et les valeurs de pH correspondantes en fonction du temps à partir des rendements de H3O + calculés à l’aide de simulations Monte Carlo de la chimie intervenant dans les trajectoires. Quatre ions incidents de différents TEL ont été sélectionnés et deux modèles de grappe/trajectoire ont été utilisés : 1) un modèle de grappe isolée "sphérique" (faible TEL) et 2) un modèle de trajectoire "cylindrique" (TEL élevé). Dans tous les cas étudiés, un effet de pH acide brusque transitoire, que nous appelons un effet de "pic acide", est observé immédiatement après l’irradiation. Cet effet ne semble pas avoir été exploré dans l'eau ou un milieu cellulaire soumis à un rayonnement ionisant, en particulier à haut TEL. À cet égard, ce travail soulève des questions sur les implications possibles de cet effet en radiobiologie, dont certaines sont évoquées brièvement. Nos calculs ont ensuite été étendus à l’étude de l'influence de la température, de 25 à 350 °C, sur la formation in situ d’ions H3O + et l’effet de pic acide qui intervient à temps courts lors de la radiolyse de l’eau à faible TEL. Les résultats montrent une augmentation marquée de la réponse de pic acide à hautes températures. Comme de nombreux processus intervenant dans le cœur d’un réacteur nucléaire refroidi à l'eau dépendent de façon critique du pH, la question ici est de savoir si ces fortes variations d’acidité, même si elles sont hautement localisées et transitoires, contribuent à la corrosion et l’endommagement des matériaux.
Abstract : Hydronium ions (H3O+) are formed within spurs or tracks of the low or high linear energy transfer (LET) radiolysis of pure, deaerated water at early times. The in situ radiolytic formation of H3O+ renders the spur and track regions temporarily more acid than the surrounding medium. Although experimental evidence for an acidic spur has already been reported, there is only fragmentary information on its magnitude and time dependence. In this work, spur or track H3O+ concentrations and the corresponding pH values are obtained from our calculated yields of H3O+ as a function of time, using Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations. We selected four impacting ions and we used two different spur and track models: 1) an isolated “spherical” spur model characteristic of low-LET radiation and 2) an axially homogeneous “cylindrical” track model for high-LET radiation. Very good agreement was found between our calculated time evolution of G(H3O+) in the radiolysis of pure, deaerated water by 300-MeV incident protons (which mimic 60Co gamma/fast electron irradiation) and the available experimental data at 25 °C. For all cases studied, an abrupt transient acid pH effect, which we call an “acid spike”, is observed during and shortly after the initial energy release. This acid-spike effect is virtually unexplored in water or in a cellular environment subject to the action of ionizing radiation, especially high-LET radiation. In this regard, this work raises a number of questions about the potential implications of this effect for radiobiology, some of which are briefly evoked. Our calculations were then extended to examine the effect of temperature from 25 to 350 °C on the yield of H3O+ ions that are formed in spurs of the low-LET radiolysis of water. The results showed an increasingly acidic spike response at higher temperatures. As many in-core processes in a water-cooled nuclear reactor critically depend on pH, the question here is whether these variations in acidity, even highly localized and transitory, contribute to material corrosion and damage.

Throughout the pages of my thesis, I comprehensively analyze the processes, intentions, and production of my thesis film Stay Woke. My examination will exhaustively probe every stage of the film from development to preproduction to production to postproduction and beyond. Individual aspects of this process including writing, casting, locations, production design, cinematography, directing, budgeting, scheduling, and postproduction workflows will be detailed. As I make elaborations in each section, I will explain my learning experiences from each day’s new tasks, challenges, and lessons. All of these things will be framed with regards to the overall goal and themes of the film.

Le Système National des Données de Santé comprend des données portant sur l’ensemble des activités de soins en France (soins de ville, séjour hospitalier, prestations sociales en lien avec la maladie), auxquelles doivent être notamment associées des données de mortalité (causes de décès, en cours) et sur le handicap (à terme). De multiples travaux ont déjà montré l’intérêt de l’analyse de ces données à des fins de recherche, dans des domaines variés (études épidémiologiques de pathologies ou de groupes de patients, évaluation de produits de santé ou études médico-économiques). L’application à des fins de recherche en orthopédie est assez récente. Cette discipline chirurgicale présente des spécificités en termes de données que nous avons développées dans la première partie de ce travail, en particulier concernant les dispositifs médicaux utilisés. La connaissance de ces données a permis de réaliser une évaluation du fardeau national engendré par les fractures en France. Plus de 562 000 évènements ont été identifiés en 2016 concernant 1 % de la population adulte et près de 12 000 (2%) étaient suivis de décès précoce. L’analyse détaillée a montré des spécificités par site fracturaire et par sexe avec pour tous les groupes une importante augmentation de l’incidence avec l’âge. La troisième partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l’analyse du risque thrombo-embolique après chirurgie rachidienne. L’analyse de données individuelles détaillées a permis de montrer que le risque (de près 1% en population générale) était largement modulé par des facteurs liés aux patients et aux actes réalisés.Le Système National des Données de Santé offre comme nous le montrons dans cette thèse de vastes opportunités pour la recherche en orthopédie. Des travaux préparatoires, notamment dans le domaine de la fiabilisation des mesures d’efficacité, sont encore nécessaires pour répondre à certaines questions
The National Health Data System includes data on all health care activities in France (outpatient care, hospital stay and social benefits related to diseases), which should be associated with mortality (causes of deaths, ongoing) and disability data (in the middle term). Many studies have already shown the interest of the analysis of these data for research purposes, in various fields (epidemiological studies of pathologies or groups of patients, evaluation of health products or medico-economic studies). The application for orthopedic research purposes is fairly recent. This surgical discipline has specificities in terms of data that we have exposed in the first part of this work; especially with regard to medical devices. The knowledge of these data made it possible to carry out an assessment of the national burden caused by fractures in France. More than 562,000 events were identified in 2016 for 1% of the adult population and nearly 12,000 (2%) were followed by early deaths. The detailed analysis showed specificities by fracture site and by sex with a significant increase of incidence with age for all groups. The third part of this work is devoted to the analysis of thromboembolic risk after spinal surgery. Analysis of detailed individual data has shown an intermediate risk (close to 1% in the general population) largely modulated by factors related to patients and surgical procedures performed.The National System of Health Data offers as we show in this thesis vast opportunities for research in orthopedics. Preparatory works, particularly in the field of the reliability of measures of efficacity of treatments are still needed to answer certain questions

L'industrie automobile des systèmes embarqués critiques est confrontée de nos jours à une complexité croissante, tandis que les coûts, les performances en termes d'intelligence, les caractéristiques, les capacités et les délais de commercialisation de leurs produits sont constamment remises en question. Face à cela, l'objectif principal pour les constructeurs et fournisseurs automobiles devient désormais de contrôler la qualité et la fiabilité des systèmes mécatroniques et embarqués. L'existence de normes internationales comme le HIS Automotive SPICE et l'ISO26262 est une contrainte supplémentaire qu'ils doivent prendre en compte s'ils veulent atteindre cet objectif. De plus, assurer la bonne gestion de la sécurité et la qualité du produit ne suffit pas: il est essentiel de veiller à ce que nous produisons un système qui n'est pas seulement sécuritaire et bien, mais aussi que nous produisons le bon système. Cela induit donc une plus grande prise en compte des exigences.Dans cette thèse, nous traitons le challenge du développement des systèmes embarqués automobiles suivant l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) qui répondent aux exigences des utilisateurs et des standards du domaine et qui permettent de maîtriser davantage la qualité des produits développés. Le problème à résoudre a été abordé sur plusieurs phases qui sont ensuite utilisés conjointement. En premier, nous définissons un métamodèle fusionnant les approches orienté qualité produit et qualité processus selon respectivement les normes ISO26262 et SPICE. Puis, dans un but de certification, nous proposons une méthodologie générique basée sur ce métamodèle commun où une évaluation du processus de développement induite par l'HIS standard ainsi qu'une évaluation de la sécurité fonctionnelle induite par l'ISO2626 sont simultanément effectuées. Ce résultat est traduit au travers de la définition d'un framework outillé où nous appliquons la méthode d'évaluation propre au standard SPICE. En deuxième phase, nous définissons un métamodèle pour gérer les actifs de sécurité concernant ces normes automobiles au niveau produit. Ce métamodèle définit comment capturer les exigences et l'architecture d'un système de telle manière qu'ils puissent être traçables entre eux et également traçables depuis des documents de spécifications d'origine. Enfin, une approche à base de modèle où l'interaction des modèles de processus et le produit est géré afin de répondre aux besoins identifiés dans la première phase est développé pour soutenir la gestion de projet. L'approche utilise la modélisation des processus et leur mesure pour améliorer le contrôle et le suivi de projet et de réduire par la même les coûts et les fréquences de replanification.Les avantages de la contribution sont démontrés sur une application pilote automobile, validant ainsi le travail de recherche au vue des faiblesses identifiées préalablement dans le contexte.

During recent decades, lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has become the most common indication for spine surgery, a change that coincides with a higher worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity. Thus, surgical treatment of LSS in the overweight and obese population is common and increasing in scope. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate whether body mass index (BMI) is related to the development of LSS, and whether BMI is linked to outcome after surgery for LSS. We further evaluated whether there are specific experiences of LSS from a patient perspective. Data were obtained for all patients registered in the Swedish Spine Register who had undergone surgery for LSS between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2008. After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, patients with obesity showed both poorer results after surgery and a higher rate of dissatisfaction than patients with normal weight (odds ratio 1.73; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.36-2.19). Furthermore, patients with obesity in the cohort reported modest weight loss at follow-up (2.0 kg; 95% CI, 1.5-2.4), and only 8% reported a clinical important weight loss 2 years after surgery. Our analysis of 389,132 construction workers, showed that overweight (incidence rate ratio, IRR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.54-1.83) and obesity (IRR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.87-2.53) were associated with an increased future risk in developing LSS when compared with patients with normal weight. To gain insight into the patients' perspective of LSS, we performed interviews with 18 patients who were on a waiting list for LSS surgery. The transcripts, analyzed with content analysis, revealed that living with LSS is a physical, mental and social challenge in which resources to cope with the condition are of major importance. In summary, obesity is associated with poorer results after surgery, and patients with obesity report modest weight loss during follow-up. In addition, obesity is associated with an increased risk to develop LSS. Our findings revealed that being a patient with LSS, naturally involves considerable suffering and pain, but it also implies being a person with his or her own resources who is able to cope with these adverse conditions.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
圖文傳播學系
105
Black actors found it quite difficult to break through in early Hollywood films; they were often portrayed as foolish or uncivilized, taking on roles as gangsters, clowns or country bumpkins among others. Spike Lee’s movies focus mostly on African Americans, as he tries to convey the existential issues and alienation suffered by black people under the yoke of colonial oppression. This study explores the different forms of alienation experienced by black people in Lee’s films, as well as exploring Spike Lee's own personal alienation through the narrative of his films. By making an independent movie, a filmmaker can avoid content control by those funding the movie. Since this research aims to explore the director’s existence and alienation through his films, the study needed to be based on Spike Lee's independently produced films. The decision on which films to include was based on two sets of criteria: first, whether or not they were directed by Spike Lee, and second, whether or not they were independently produced. Then correlation between the films narrative content was considered; finally, three films, “Do the Right Thing,” “Malcolm X,” and “Red Hook Summer,” became the main objects of the research. This study uses narrative analysis to transform the films into textual narrative “instruments descriptifs” and then adopts a theoretical framework to interpret the narrative content. Screenshots from the films are added into the discussion as "instruments citationnels" to help readers understand the narrative content and arguments within. Also included is content from interviews with Spike Lee, historical information, and findings from relevant studies. These "instruments documentaires" help to further explain the study and make it more complete. The analytical framework is based on Frantz Fanon's research into post-colonialism, and it uses the existentialist and dialectical aspects of his theories to investigate existence and alienation within the black community. This study first explains the conscious behavior of the subject; and this forms a basis for explaining black people’s alienation as a result of colonialism, as well as labor alienation. The study then goes on to clarify Spike Lee’s own form of alienation. The conclusion is that Spike Lee has been long aware of his own alienation, but has chosen to continue in this state of alienation and to continue making movies, with the aim of helping moviegoers to consider how to pursue de-alienation and de-colonization.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos de Cultura, Literatura e Línguas Modernas apresentada à Faculdade de Letras
Olhar os Estados Unidos e todos os mitos que a rodeiam e o seu impacto global sempre foi crucial para perceber um mundo que, apesar de todas as mudanças, insiste em velhos problemas, ou como o racismo e a ascensão de velhas narrativas extremistas e da supremacia branca continuam a ser problemas presentes. Dada a importância da chamada ‘pop culture’, ou cultura de massas, na disseminação desses mitos à escala global para puro entretenimento, mas também na discussão crítica desses mitos, escolhi três filmes do realizador Spike Lee, Malcolm X (1991), Blackkklansman (2018) e Da 5 Bloods (2020) como representativos dessa dinâmica. Embora associados à indústria de Hollywood, estas narrativas cinematográficas parecem-me ilustrar a forma como a cultura se presta a ser palco de perspetivas variadas, neste caso, acerca do lugar e identidade da comunidade Afro-Americana nos E.U.A. No primeiro capítulo, exponho o entendimento de ‘pop’ culture que guia a minha análise; não como cultura de massas, mas no sentido de cultura popular defendido pela Escola de Birmingham, que salienta o seu carácter de oposição às narrativas dominantes. Nos capítulos seguintes, procedo à análise de cada um dos filmes, com base na perspetiva de estudiosos da Critical Race Theory, que propõem a categoria ‘raça’ como construção social, e também o conceito de ‘contra-memória’, elaborado por George Lipsitz e que me permite explicar a função das representações cinematográficas em questão. A minha seleção dos filmes deveu-se à sua capacidade de revisitação das narrativas dominantes através da criação de contra-memórias. Tanto a nível temático, como pelas técnicas cinematográficas usadas por Lee, estes são três filmes que se envolvem com aspetos da História dos Estados Unidos e assim permitem uma melhor perceção da complexidade da sociedade norte-americana.
Looking at the United States and all the myths that surround it as well as their global impact has always been crucial for understanding a world that, despite all the changes, insists on old problems, that is to say, how racism and the rise of old extremist narratives and white supremacy are still present. Given the importance of so-called 'pop culture', or mass culture, in disseminating these myths on a global scale for sheer entertainment, but also in critically discussing them, I have chosen three films by director Spike Lee, Malcolm X (1991), Blackkklansman (2018), and Da 5 Bloods (2020) as representative of that dynamics. Although associated with the Hollywood industry, these cinematic narratives illustrate, in my view, how culture lends itself to be the stage for varied perspectives, in this case, about the place and identity of the African American community in the U.S.A. In the first chapter, I set out the understanding of ‘pop’ culture that guides my analysis; not as mass culture, but in the sense of popular culture advocated by the Birmingham School, which stresses its oppositional character to dominant narratives. In the following chapters, I analyze each of the films based on the perspectives of Critical Race Theory scholars, who propose the category ‘race’ as a social construction and George Lipsitz’s elaboration of the concept ‘counter-memory’, which allows me to explain the function of the cinematic representations in question. My selection of the films was due to their ability to revisit dominant narratives through the creation of counter-memories. Both thematically and through the cinematic techniques used by Lee, these are three films that engage with aspects of U.S. history and thus allow for a better perception of the complexity of U.S. society.

Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2006.
Advisor: W.T. Lhamon, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 9, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 67 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

abstract: Hollywood's portrayal of African American men was replete with negative stereotypes before Shelton Jackson Lee, commonly known as Spike Lee, emerged as one of the most creative and provocative filmmakers of our time. Lee has used his films to perform a corrective history of images of black men, by referencing African American male icons in his narrative works. This strategy was evident in his third feature film, Do the Right Thing (1989). Baseball great Jackie Robinson, and freedom fighters, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, were the black male icons featured prominently in the film. The Brooklyn-raised filmmaker's film journals, published interviews, and companion books, have provided insight into his thoughts, motivations, and inspirations, as he detailed the impact of the black male historical figures he profiles in Do the Right Thing (1989), on his life and art. Lee deployed his corrective history strategy, during the 1980s, to reintroduce African American heroes to black youth in an effort to correct media portrayals of black men as criminal and delinquent. He challenged the dominant narrative in mainstream Hollywood films, such as Cry Freedom (1987) and Mississippi Burning (1989), in which white heroes overshadowed black male icons. Lee's work parallels recent scholarship on the history of African American males, as called for by Darlene Clarke Hine and Ernestine Jenkins. The prolific director's efforts to radically change stereotypical depictions of black men through film, has not gone without criticisms. He has been accused of propagating essentialist notions of black male identity, through his use of African American male icons in his films. Despite these alleged shortcomings, Lee's reintroduction of iconic figures such as Jackie Robinson, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, in Do the Right Thing (1989), marked the beginning of a wave of commemorative efforts, that included the retiring of Robinson's number forty-two by Major League Baseball, the popularization of the Martin Luther King National Holiday, and the rise of Malcolm X as a icon embraced by Hip Hop during the 1990's.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. History 2012

碩士
國立中正大學
分子生物研究所
93
In coronavirus, the spike proteins were known to locate on the surface of virus particle and to participate in the entrance of virus into cells. According to the previous reports, there was higher healing possibility within seven days after infection of SARS Co-V clinically. In order to increase the chance to be cured, we proposed to develop a fast and efficient diagnostics kit to detect SARS-CoV at early stage of infection. The LAE technique was used to generate DNA fragments encoding for repeated epitopes of spike protein fused with GST or PEIa proteins. These fusion proteins were purified with affinity chromatography and then used to immunized rabbits for producing antibodies. The ELISA assays showed the purified immunogens can induce antisera production and in the Western blot assays, the antisera can against each indicated epitope. From blockage test, an antiserum against epitope 8 was proved to block virus infection. In addition, other research also show that the monoclonal antibody against amino acid 130 to 150 of spike protein has neutralizing activity. Therefore, in order to obtain the stable antibodies for diagnosis or vaccination in the future, we prepared the monoclonal antibodies of epitope 1 and epitope 8. We obtained several hybridoma clones, but these clones could not produce the monoclonal antibodies specifically against epitope 1 and epitope 8.

Introduction : L’évaluation clinique du contrôle neuromusculaire des muscles du tronc est criante en réhabilitation et en entraînement. L’objectif principal de cette étude a été d’évaluer la reproductibilité intra et inter-évaluateur d’un test clinique le soulèvement actif de la jambe tendue (SAJT) chez une population active et saine. Méthode : Chaque sujet (18 joueurs de tennis) a été testé à deux reprises par 2 physiothérapeutes avec le SAJT. Résultats : La reproductibilité intra-évaluateur s’est avérée élevée à très élevée (ICC = 0.81 à 0.93) tandis la reproductibilité inter-évaluateur s’est avérée cliniquement non viable. Conclusion : À notre connaissance, le SAJT est le premier test clinique reproductible évaluant le contrôle neuromusculaire du tronc avec des compensations musculaires et cinétiques chez des sujets actifs et sains. Une formation plus importante des évaluateurs aurait certainement amélioré la reproductibilité inter-évaluateur.
Introduction: The clinical assessment of the trunk muscles neuromuscular control is lacking in rehabilitation and in conditioning. The main goal of this study was to assess the intra and inter-rater reliability of a clinical test, the active straight leg raise (ASLR), on an active and healthy population. Method: Each subject (18 tennis players) was tested twice by 2 physiotherapists with the ASLR. Results: The intra-rater reliability turned out to be high to very high (ICC = 0.81 à 0.93) while the inter-rater reliability came out clinically unsustainable. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the ASLR is the first reliable clinical test to assess the core neuromuscular control based on muscular and kinetic compensation observations with active and healthy subjects. A more exhaustive training of the assessors would definitely improve the inter-rater reliability.