Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spike density'
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1
Leibig, Christian [Verfasser], and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Bethge. "Unsupervised neural spike identification for large-scale, high-density micro-electrode arrays / Christian Leibig ; Betreuer: Matthias Bethge." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1164018396/34.
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Hassanpour, Hamid. "Time-frequency based detection of newborn EEG seizure." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15853/1/Hamid_Hassanpour_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Neurological diseases in newborns are usually first revealed by seizures, which are characterised by a synchronous discharge of a large number of neurons. Failure to control seizures may lead to brain damage or even death.
The importance of this problem prompted many researchers to look for accurate automatic methods for seizure detection. Nonstationarity and multicomponent behaviour of newborn EEG signals made this task very challenging. The significant overlap in the characteristic of background and seizure activities in newborn EEG signals added to the difficulty of seizure detection.
This research uses time-frequency based methods for automatic seizure detection. Since time-frequency signal analysis methods use joint representation in both time and frequency domains, they proved to be very suitable for analysis and processing of nonstationary and multicomponent signals such as newborn EEG.
Before using any seizure detector, the EEG data is pre-processed in order to reduce the noise effects using a time-frequency based technique. The proposed method is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique applied to the matrix representing the time-frequency distribution (TFD) of the EEG signal. It has been shown that by appropriately filtering the singular vectors associated with the TFD, one can effectively enhance the desired information embedded in the signal.
Neonatal EEG seizures can have signatures in both low frequency (lower than 10 Hz) and high frequency (higher than 70 Hz) areas. The seizure detection techniques proposed in the literature concentrated on using either low frequency or high frequency signatures but not both simultaneously. These methods tend to miss the seizures that reveal themselves only in one of the two frequency areas. In this research, we propose a detection method that uses seizure features in both low and high frequency areas.
To detect EEG seizures using the low frequency signatures, an SVD-based technique is employed. The technique uses the estimated distribution function of the singular vectors associated with the time-frequency distribution of EEG epochs to discriminate between seizure and nonseizure patterns.
The high frequency signatures of seizures are mostly the result of spike events in the EEG signals. To detect these spike events, the signal is mapped into the TF domain. The high instantaneous energy of spikes is reflected as a localised energy in the high frequency area of the TF domain. Consequently, a spike can be seen as a ridge in this area of the TF domain. It has been shown that during seizure activity there is regularity in the distribution of the interspike intervals. This feature has been used as the basis for discriminating between seizure and nonseizure patterns.
The performance results obtained by applying the proposed methods on EEG signals extracted from a number of newborns show the superiority of these methods over the existing ones.
3
Hassanpour, Hamid. "Time-Frequency Based Detection of Newborn EEG Seizure." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15853/.
Full textAbstract:
Neurological diseases in newborns are usually first revealed by seizures, which are characterised by a synchronous discharge of a large number of neurons. Failure to control seizures may lead to brain damage or even death. The importance of this problem prompted many researchers to look for accurate automatic methods for seizure detection. Nonstationarity and multicomponent behaviour of newborn EEG signals made this task very challenging. The significant overlap in the characteristic of background and seizure activities in newborn EEG signals added to the difficulty of seizure detection. This research uses time-frequency based methods for automatic seizure detection. Since time-frequency signal analysis methods use joint representation in both time and frequency domains, they proved to be very suitable for analysis and processing of nonstationary and multicomponent signals such as newborn EEG. Before using any seizure detector, the EEG data is pre-processed in order to reduce the noise effects using a time-frequency based technique. The proposed method is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique applied to the matrix representing the time-frequency distribution (TFD) of the EEG signal. It has been shown that by appropriately filtering the singular vectors associated with the TFD, one can effectively enhance the desired information embedded in the signal. Neonatal EEG seizures can have signatures in both low frequency (lower than 10 Hz) and high frequency (higher than 70 Hz) areas. The seizure detection techniques proposed in the literature concentrated on using either low frequency or high frequency signatures but not both simultaneously. These methods tend to miss the seizures that reveal themselves only in one of the two frequency areas. In this research, we propose a detection method that uses seizure features in both low and high frequency areas. To detect EEG seizures using the low frequency signatures, an SVD-based technique is employed. The technique uses the estimated distribution function of the singular vectors associated with the time-frequency distribution of EEG epochs to discriminate between seizure and nonseizure patterns. The high frequency signatures of seizures are mostly the result of spike events in the EEG signals. To detect these spike events, the signal is mapped into the TF domain. The high instantaneous energy of spikes is reflected as a localised energy in the high frequency area of the TF domain. Consequently, a spike can be seen as a ridge in this area of the TF domain. It has been shown that during seizure activity there is regularity in the distribution of the interspike intervals. This feature has been used as the basis for discriminating between seizure and nonseizure patterns. The performance results obtained by applying the proposed methods on EEG signals extracted from a number of newborns show the superiority of these methods over the existing ones.
4
Oppong, Francis. "Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Reduces Dendritic Spine Density across Sensory Cortices." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2482.
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Dendritic spines are the major site of excitatory synapses in cortex, and factors that reduce dendritic spine numbers will produce serious cortical processing deficits, such as has been demonstrated for mental retardation and other psychiatric disorders. Prenatal alcohol exposure also has detrimental effects on brain development that lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which results in reduction of dendritic spine numbers in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex. FASD also is associated with temporal processing disorders involving sequential auditory stimuli that would be processed in auditory cortical areas. However, it is unknown if the reduction of spine density following prenatal alcohol exposure occurs at auditory cortex, or is generally reduced across the different sensory cortices. This present study examined that question. Young adult ferrets (176 days old, 1 male, 1 female), that were exposed to alcohol during the equivalent of third-trimester development, were used to prepare Golgi-Cox stained sections through primary auditory cortex (A1). Other cortical regions examined included primary somatosensory (S1), and higher-level multisensory cortices of lateral rostral suprasylvian (LRSS) and rostral posterior parietal (PPr) areas. Control values from normal animals (n=3) were derived from a previous study. The results of this present study demonstrated that, dendritic spine density was significantly (Student's t-test, P < 0.05) lower in the alcohol treated group than in normal controls in all the cortical regions examined. These data indicate that although reduced spine density in auditory cortex may underlie temporal processing disorders in FASD, pre-natal alcohol exposure has widespread consequences for sensory cortical processing in general.
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Bajwa, Moazzum. "Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory and Multisensory Cortical Regions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/87.
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In the brain, the dendritic spine is a point of information exchange that extends the neuronal surface on which synapses occur, as well as facilitates and stabilizes those contacts. Furthermore, dendritic spines dynamically change in shape and number in response to a variety of factors. Dendritic spine numbers are reduced in mental retardation, enhanced during development, sensory enrichment or physical exercise, or fluctuate during the reproductive cycle. Thus, for a given neuron type, it might be expected that dendritic spine number might achieve a dynamic optimum. Indeed, many studies of spine density of pyramidal neurons in sensory cortex indicate that an average of ~1.4 spines/micron occurs is present (Briner et al., 2010). Most such studies examined dendritic spines from primary sensory areas which are dominated by inputs from a single sensory modality. However, there are a large number of neural regions that receive inputs from more than one sensory modality and it is hypothesized that spine density should increase to accommodate these additional inputs. To test this hypothesis, the present experiments used Golgi-Cox stained layer 2-3 pyramidal neurons from ferret primary somatosensory (S1) and auditory (A1) cortical regions, as well as from the higher-level rostral posterior parietal (PPr) and lateral rostral suprasylvian (LRSS) multisensory areas. Spine densities in S1 (avg 1.309 ± 0.247 spines/micron) and A1 (avg 1.343 ± 0.273 spines/micron) were measured to be significantly greater (p<0.05, t-test) than those observed in multisensory regions PPr (avg 1.242 ± 0.205 spines/micron) or LRSS (avg 1.099 ± 0.217 spines/micron). These results also indicate that spine densities are greater in primary (S1, A1) than in higher-level (PPr, LRSS) sensory areas. The functional consequences of such unexpected findings are discussed in light of potential biophysical differences between unisensory and multisensory neurons.
6
Fong, Lisa Lynn. "Purkinje cell dendritic spine density from correlated three dimensional light and electron microscopy." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/fullcit?p1477900.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-62).
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Bauer, Rachel J. "THE EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM DEAFNESS ON DENSITY AND DIAMETER OF DENDRITIC SPINES ON PYRAMIDAL NEURONS IN THE DORSAL ZONE OF THE FELINE AUDITORY CORTEX." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6028.
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Neuroplasticity has been researched in many different ways, from the growing neonatal brain to neural responses to trauma and injury. According to recent research, neuroplasticity is also prevalent in the ability of the brain to repurpose areas that are not of use, like in the case of a loss of a sense. Specifically, behavioral studies have shown that deaf humans (Bavalier and Neville, 2002) and cats have increased visual ability, and that different areas of the auditory cortex enhance specific kinds of sight. One such behavioral test demonstrated that the dorsal zone (DZ) of the auditory cortex enhances sensitivity to visual motion through cross-modal plasticity (Lomber et. al., 2010). Current research seeks to examine the anatomical structures responsible for these changes through analysis of excitatory neuron dendritic spine density and spine head diameter. This present study focuses on the examination of DZ neuron spine density, distribution, and size in deaf and hearing cats to corroborate the visual changes seen in behavioral studies. Using Golgi-stained tissue and light microscopy, our results showed a decrease in overall spine density but slight increase in spine head diameter in deaf cats compared to hearing cats. These results, along with several other studies, support multiple theories on how cross-modal reorganization of the auditory cortex occurs after deafening
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Strong, J. Eric. "Effects of Different Jumping Programs on Hip and Spine Bone Mineral Density in Pre-Menopausal Women." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/667.
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Sixty premenopausal women (age 25-50) finished a 16 week randomized controlled trial looking at the effects of different jump programs on hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD). Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two jumping groups. The Jump 10 group performed 10 jumps with 30 seconds of rest between jumps, twice daily, while the Jump 20 group performed the same protocol but with 20 jumps. At 8 weeks, BMD percent change (%Δ) at the hip was significantly different among groups when age, weight change, and subject compliance were simultaneously adjusted. In particular, the Jump 20 group had a greater %Δ in hip BMD compared to controls. However, %Δ in BMD for the neck of the hip (NOH), trochanter, or spine was not different among groups at 8 weeks. Following 16 weeks of jumping, BMD %Δ at the total hip and trochanter were significantly different among groups after adjusting for all covariates. Specifically, at the hip and trochanter, the Jump 10 and Jump 20 groups showed significantly greater %Δ in BMD compared to controls. There were no significant differences among groups for the BMD %Δ at NOH or spine at 16 weeks. Within-group analyses revealed no significant changes from baseline to 16 weeks for the jumping groups, but controls lost significant BMD. In conclusion, after 16 weeks of high-impact jump training, BMD at the hip and trochanter can be improved by jumping 10 or 20 times, twice daily, with 30 seconds of rest between each jump, compared to controls.
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Whitcher, Lee T. "Postnatal binge-like alcohol exposure reduces spine density without affecting dendritic morphology in rat medial prefrontal cortex." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 34 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459903421&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lewerenz, Martha Elisabeth [Verfasser], and Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Rune. "Hippocampal aromatase expression and spine synapse density in reeler mutant mouse / Martha Elisabeth Lewerenz ; Betreuer: Gabriele Rune." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161847499/34.
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López, Picazo Mirella. "3D subject-specific shape and density modeling of the lumbar spine from 2D DXA images for osteoporosis assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666513.
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Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease, with a significant morbidity and mortality caused by the increase of bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard technique for osteoporosis and fracture risk evaluation at the spine. However, the standard analysis of DXA images only provides 2D measurements and does not differentiate between bone compartments; neither specifically assess bone density in the vertebral body, which is where most of the osteoporotic fractures occur. Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) is an alternative technique that overcomes limitations of DXA-based diagnosis. However, due to the high cost and radiation dose, QCT is not used for osteoporosis management. In this thesis, a method providing a 3D subject-specific shape and density estimation of the lumbar spine from a single anteroposterior DXA image is proposed. The method is based on a 3D statistical shape and density model built from a training set of QCT scans. The 3D subject-specific shape and density estimation is obtained by registering and fitting the statistical model onto the DXA image. Cortical and trabecular bone compartments are segmented using a model-based algorithm. 3D measurements are performed at different vertebral regions and bone compartments. The accuracy of the proposed methods is evaluated by comparing DXA-derived to QCT-derived 3D measurements. Two case-control studies are also performed: a retrospective study evaluating the ability of DXA-derived 3D measurements at lumbar spine to discriminate between osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures and control groups; and a study evaluating the association between DXA-derived 3D measurements at lumbar spine and osteoporosis-related hip fractures. In both studies, stronger associations are found between osteoporosis-related fractures and DXA-derived 3D measurements compared to standard 2D measurements. The technology developed within this thesis offers an insightful 3D analysis of the lumbar spine, which could potentially improve osteoporosis and fracture risk assessment in patients who had a standard DXA scan of the lumbar spine without any additional examination.La osteoporosis es la enfermedad ósea más común, con una morbilidad y mortalidad significativas causadas por el aumento de la fragilidad ósea y la susceptibilidad a las fracturas. La absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA, por sus siglas en inglés) es la técnica de referencia para la evaluación de la osteoporosis y del riesgo de fracturas en la columna vertebral. Sin embargo, el análisis estándar de las imágenes DXA solo proporciona mediciones 2D y no diferencia entre los compartimentos óseos; tampoco evalúa la densidad ósea en el cuerpo vertebral, que es donde se producen la mayoría de las fracturas osteoporóticas. La tomografía computarizada cuantitativa (QCT, por sus siglas en inglés) es una técnica alternativa que supera las limitaciones del diagnóstico basado en DXA. Sin embargo, debido al alto costo y la dosis de radiación, la QCT no se usa para el diagnóstico de la osteoporosis. En esta tesis, se propone un método que proporciona una estimación personalizada de la forma 3D y la densidad de la columna vertebral en la zona lumbar a partir de una única imagen DXA anteroposterior. El método se basa en un modelo estadístico 3D de forma y densidad creado a partir de un conjunto de entrenamiento de exploraciones QCT. La estimación 3D personalizada de forma y densidad se obtiene al registrar y ajustar el modelo estadístico con la imagen DXA. Se segmentan los compartimentos óseos corticales y trabeculares utilizando un algoritmo basado en modelos. Se realizan mediciones 3D en diferentes regiones vertebrales y compartimentos óseos. La precisión de los métodos propuestos se evalúa comparando las mediciones 3D derivadas de DXA con las derivadas de QCT. También se realizan dos estudios de casos y controles: un estudio retrospectivo que evalúa la capacidad de las mediciones 3D derivadas de DXA en la columna lumbar para discriminar entre sujetos con fracturas vertebrales relacionadas con la osteoporosis y sujetos control; y un estudio que evalúa la asociación entre las mediciones 3D derivadas de DXA en la columna lumbar y las fracturas de cadera relacionadas con la osteoporosis. En ambos estudios, se encuentran asociaciones más fuertes entre las fracturas relacionadas con la osteoporosis y las mediciones 3D derivadas de DXA en comparación con las mediciones estándar 2D. La tecnología desarrollada dentro de esta tesis ofrece un análisis en 3D de la columna lumbar, que podría mejorar la evaluación de la osteoporosis y el riesgo de fractura en pacientes que se sometieron a una exploración DXA estándar de la columna lumbar sin ningún examen adicional.
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Sager, Tina Marie. "The effects of age, estrogen and environmental enrichment on neurogenesis, dendritic spine density and synatpogenesis in the hippocampus." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3409.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 78 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-64).
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Altunsoz, Omur Serdal. "Determine The Effects Of Long Term Playing Soccer On The Degeneration Of Lumbar Spine." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607487/index.pdf.
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The main purpose of this study was to determine whether playing soccer at high
intensity training for a long period causes degeneration of the lumbar spine or not.
This degeneration may occur without any symptoms or low back pain. Results of the
present study were discussed in the framework of lumbar disc degeneration, trunk
strength, lumbar and hip bone mineral density, trunk flexibility, activity MET scores
for active and veteran soccer groups. There have been four subject groups in this
study (15 active soccer players, 15 sedentary participants, 14 veteran soccer players,
13 sedentary participants). The BMD was measured in anterior-posterior view with a
second-generation dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) device. Isokinetic
trunk strength data were recorded with the Biodex System Dynamometer (Biobex
Medical Inc, Shirly, NY) at the 60º/sec and 120º
/sec. Plain lateral radiographs were taken. The presence of degenerative changes of each lumbar vertebra was determined by using the Kellgren and Lowrence Score. A modified Schober test was used to measure lumbar flexion. Findings of the study demonstrated that veteran soccer players displayed greater lumbar disc degeneration than other groups. Moreover, v active soccer group had more BMD than other groups, but the veteran group&
#8217
s BMD results were not different while comparing the control participants. Isokinetic test findings of the current study, trunk extension strength at 60/sec was significantly higher in active 1st group players than 2nd group participants, but there were no significant differences between the 1st group and 2nd group in terms of trunk flexion strength and agonist/antagonist ratio at 60/sec. In conclusion, Findings of the study support the main hypothesis that playing soccer at high intensity training at a long period of time may cause lumbar spine degeneration. Degeneration may occur without low back symptoms. Moreover, results supported the idea that Soccer can be accepted an impact loading sport that are to keep or accelerate bone mineral density. At last, having abnormal trunk extension strength while playing actively may cause lumbar disc degeneration on the spine at later years. A similar study should be carried out with a larger number of subjects, and longitudinal studies should be designed to examine the factors that effect the degeneration on the lumbar spine.
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Darlington, Sarah Elizabeth. "Effect of intra-abdominal fat on the accuracy of DXA lumbar spine bone mineral density measurement using DXA body composition measurements." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/44881/.
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In the diagnosis of osteoporosis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the accepted method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) due to its good precision. However, accuracy is compromised by two assumptions: (1) the body is composed of only soft tissue and bone mineral and (2) the composition of tissue overlying bone is equal to that adjacent to bone. To diagnosis osteoporosis, BMD is compared to that of a young healthy population to calculate a T-score. BMD is normal if T-score>-1 and osteoporotic if < -2.5. The aim of this study was to use DXA whole body (WB) scans to quantify variation in abdominal fat thickness and to explore whether this information could be used to improve the accuracy of lumbar spine (LS) BMD measurement. Relevant data were extracted from archived DXA images for groups of patients who had received both LS and WB scans. LS BMD increased with the width of the associated soft tissue baseline and BMD was correlated with fat thickness within the baseline. For individuals, the bone mineral equivalence of the difference in fat thickness between a standard width baseline and a region over the spine corresponded to a maximum T-score difference of 0.6. However, the average for the groups gave a T-score difference of 0.2. The predicted inaccuracy in LS BMD measurement resulting from a non-uniform fat distribution was within 0.013 g/cm2 for groups and 0.017 g/cm2 for individuals. From these measurements, errors in BMD of up to 6% and 3% for a standard width baseline were observed for individuals and groups respectively. In the majority of patients, errors introduced by a non-uniform distribution of fat are unlikely to cause a mis-diagnosis. However, significant errors may occur in certain individuals. The clinical application of the proposed method to quantify errors in BMD requires further investigation
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Blair, Jeffrey A. "Luteinizing hormone in the central nervous system: a direct role in learning and memory." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523397060445531.
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Harland, Bruce. "Recovery of function after lesions of the anterior thalamic nuclei: CA1 neuromorphology." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7644.
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The anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) are a critical part of an extended hippocampal system that supports key elements of episodic memory. Damage or disconnection of the ATN is a component of clinical conditions associated with severe anterograde amnesisa such as the Korsakoff’s syndrome, thalamic stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ATN and hippocampus are often interdependent, and that ATN damage can result in ‘covert pathology’ in ostensibly healthy distal regions of the extended hippocampal system. Adult male rats with neurotoxic bilateral ATN lesions or sham surgery were post-operatively housed in an enriched environment or standard housing after a lesion-induced spatial working memory deficit had been established. These rats were retested on cross-maze and then trained in radial-arm maze spatial memory tasks. Other enriched rats received pseudo-training only after the enrichment period. The detailed neuromorphology of neurons was subsequently examined in the hippocampal CA1. Soma characteristics were also examined in the retrosplenial granular b cortex and the prelimbic cortex. In Experiment 1, ATN lesions produced clear deficits in both the cross-maze and radial-arm maze tasks and reduced hippocampal CA1 dendritic complexity, length, and spine density, while increasing the average diameter of the dendrites. Post-operative enrichment reversed the ATN lesion-induced deficits in the cross-maze and radial-arm maze, and returned CA1 basal and apical spine density to a level comparable to that of sham standard housed trained rats. The sham enriched rats exhibited improved radial-arm maze performance and increased CA1 branching complexity and spine density in both basal and apical arbors compared to sham standard housed rats. The neuromorphological changes observed in the enriched ATN and sham rats may be in part responsible for the spatial working memory improvements observed. Experiment 2 provided support for this contention by demonstrating that the CA1 spine changes were explicitly relevant to spatial learning and memory, because trained enriched sham and ATN rats had increased spines, particularly in the basal tree when compared to closely comparable pseudo-trained enriched rats. Interestingly, spatial memory training increased the numbers of both thin and mushroom spines, whereas enrichment was only associated with an increase in thin spines. In Experiment 3, ATN lesions increased cell body size in layer II of the retrosplenial granular b cortex, whereas enrichment decreased cell body size in layer V of this region. Neither ATN lesions nor enrichment had any effect on cell body morphology in the prelimbic cortex. The current research provides some of the strongest evidence to date of ATN and hippocampal interdependence within the extended hippocampal system, and provides the first evidence of neuromorphological correlates of recovery after ATN lesions.
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TREMOUILLES, David. "Optimisation et modélisation de protection intégrées contre les décharges électrostatique, par l'analyse de la physique mise en jeu." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010263.
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Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire visent à améliorer la méthodologie de conception et les performances des stratégies de protection contre les décharges électrostatiques (ESD) dans les circuits intégrés. Pour cela, l'approche choisie est basée sur une analyse approfondie de la physique des composants soumis aux ESD et plus particulièrement, les effets des très fortes densités de courant. L'étude, focalisée sur les transistors bipolaires autopolarisés, s'appuie sur la simulation physique 2D et l'utilisation des outils de localisation de défaillance basés sur les techniques de stimulation laser. L'analyse physique en résultant a permis d'une part, de définir des règles de dessin universelles pour l'obtention d'une robustesse ESD élevée et d'autre part, de proposer des macro-modèles de type SPICE originaux pour prendre en compte les effets des fortes densités de courant. Enfin, après avoir mis en évidence plusieurs phénomènes limitant les performances des réseaux de protection, nous avons défini une méthodologie de conception améliorée permettant de les prendre en compte et de garantir la performance des solutions de protections fournies aux concepteurs de circuits.
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Mayo, Andrew. "A biomechanical study of top screw pullout in anterior scoliosis correction constructs." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/17152/1/Andrew_Elton_Mayo_Thesis.pdf.
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Top screw pullout is a significant problem in anterior scoliosis correction, with rates of 5-15% reported in the literature. The Mater Misericordiae Hospital in Brisbane currently has a series of 125 patients with scoliosis treated by thoracoscopic anterior fusion, instrumentation and correction between April 2000 and August 2007. In this series 11 top screws are known to have pulled out (a rate of 8.8%), with six occurring in the first week, and all within 6 weeks, suggesting that the problem is one of excessive static force rather than fatigue.
This thesis describes a biomechanical investigation into the mechanics of vertebral body screw pullout in anterior scoliosis surgical constructs. Previous biomechanical studies of vertebral body screws have evaluated their resistance to either straight pullout or cephalo-caudad compression forces, however the aim of this study was to assess screw resistance to more realistic loading conditions, namely pullout of initially angled screws, and pullout where the motion path is an arc rather than a straight axial pullout, as would be expected in a single rod anterior construct.
The first series of experiments involved straight and angled pullout tests using synthetic bone. In the angled tests, both locked and free-to-pivot configurations were tested. The second series of experiments tested the effect of cephalo-caudad pre-compression (the actual deformity correction step performed during surgery) on subsequent axial pullout strength. A third series of experiments performed arc pullouts using synthetic bone, and the final series of experiments tested the pullout resistance of a newly proposed screw position configuration against the standard screw positioning using ovine lumbar vertebrae.
Synthetic bone testing revealed that for initially angled pullout, resistance is greatest as the screw angle approaches 0 (ie a direct axial pullout). Cephalo-caudad pre-compression reduced subsequent pullout strength for cases where a staple was not used under the screw head, but if a staple was used the pre-compression did not decrease pullout force significantly. Arc pullout resistance was greatest when the screw was angled at 10 cephalad, and the mean pullout strength for the proposed screw configuration using ovine lumbar vertebrae (1864N) was almost double that of the standard screw positioning (993N).
The clinical implication of this study is that top screw pullout resistance can be maximised by placing the top screw as close as possible to the top endplate and the bottom screw as close as possible to the bottom endplate, although this will have detrimental effects on the pullout of the second screw should the top screw pull out. Screw angulation is a less important factor but any angulation should be in a cephalad direction and around 10º in magnitude. The experimental results also suggest that the use of a staple may play a role in preventing cephalo-caudad pre-compression forces from reducing screw resistance to subsequent pullout forces.
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Mayo, Andrew. "A biomechanical study of top screw pullout in anterior scoliosis correction constructs." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17152/.
Full textAbstract:
Top screw pullout is a significant problem in anterior scoliosis correction, with rates of 5-15% reported in the literature. The Mater Misericordiae Hospital in Brisbane currently has a series of 125 patients with scoliosis treated by thoracoscopic anterior fusion, instrumentation and correction between April 2000 and August 2007. In this series 11 top screws are known to have pulled out (a rate of 8.8%), with six occurring in the first week, and all within 6 weeks, suggesting that the problem is one of excessive static force rather than fatigue.
This thesis describes a biomechanical investigation into the mechanics of vertebral body screw pullout in anterior scoliosis surgical constructs. Previous biomechanical studies of vertebral body screws have evaluated their resistance to either straight pullout or cephalo-caudad compression forces, however the aim of this study was to assess screw resistance to more realistic loading conditions, namely pullout of initially angled screws, and pullout where the motion path is an arc rather than a straight axial pullout, as would be expected in a single rod anterior construct.
The first series of experiments involved straight and angled pullout tests using synthetic bone. In the angled tests, both locked and free-to-pivot configurations were tested. The second series of experiments tested the effect of cephalo-caudad pre-compression (the actual deformity correction step performed during surgery) on subsequent axial pullout strength. A third series of experiments performed arc pullouts using synthetic bone, and the final series of experiments tested the pullout resistance of a newly proposed screw position configuration against the standard screw positioning using ovine lumbar vertebrae.
Synthetic bone testing revealed that for initially angled pullout, resistance is greatest as the screw angle approaches 0 (ie a direct axial pullout). Cephalo-caudad pre-compression reduced subsequent pullout strength for cases where a staple was not used under the screw head, but if a staple was used the pre-compression did not decrease pullout force significantly. Arc pullout resistance was greatest when the screw was angled at 10 cephalad, and the mean pullout strength for the proposed screw configuration using ovine lumbar vertebrae (1864N) was almost double that of the standard screw positioning (993N).
The clinical implication of this study is that top screw pullout resistance can be maximised by placing the top screw as close as possible to the top endplate and the bottom screw as close as possible to the bottom endplate, although this will have detrimental effects on the pullout of the second screw should the top screw pull out. Screw angulation is a less important factor but any angulation should be in a cephalad direction and around 10º in magnitude. The experimental results also suggest that the use of a staple may play a role in preventing cephalo-caudad pre-compression forces from reducing screw resistance to subsequent pullout forces.
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Hu, Qiaohai (Joice). "Essays on Supply Chain Competition and Coordination of Operations with Finance." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1123531538.
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Saccol, Michele Forgiarini. "Contribuição das forças musculares isocinéticas de joelho e tronco para aquisição da massa óssea em atletas de futebol feminino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5145/tde-13022008-105335/.
Full textAbstract:
OBJETIVO: Analisar a contribuição da força muscular isocinética de flexores e extensores do joelho dominante e tronco na aquisição da massa óssea das regiões correspondentes a aplicação dessas forças em atletas de futebol feminino (GAF). MÉTODOS: vinte e duas atletas de futebol feminino foram comparadas com 20 controles pareados (GC). O conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO) e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) foram avaliados em corpo total, coluna lombar e quadril dominante (fêmur total e colo femoral) pelo software pediátrico do densitômetro Hologic QDR (modelo Discovery, Bedford, MA, USA). Pela análise de corpo total, foram determinadas as variáveis de composição corporal e a massa óssea do membro inferior dominante, tronco e cabeça. A força muscular no movimento de flexão e extensão do joelho e do tronco foi avaliada pelo dinamômetro isocinético Biodex Multi-joint System 3 (Shirley, NY, USA) na velocidade de 60°/s, com 5 repetições do modo concêntrico/excêntrico. As variáveis concêntricas de pico de torque, trabalho na repetição máxima e trabalho total dos flexores e extensores foram considerados. Foram utilizados o teste t de Student para análise entre grupos e os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e de regressão linear simples para o GAF. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram semelhantes para idade, peso, altura, raça e ingestão de cálcio (p>0.05), porém o GAF apresentou maior percentual de massa magra e menor percentual de gordura corporal que o GC (p<0.001). Todos os sítios ósseos submetidos à carga mecânica durante o exercício físico apresentaram valores significativamente superiores no GAF, assim como todas as variáveis de força isocinética concêntrica de joelho dominante e tronco (p<0.05 e p<0.001). As variáveis de massa óssea de todas as regiões avaliadas do GAF apresentaram correlações positivas com o peso, índice de massa corporal, massa magra total e do tronco. A DMO das regiões analisadas não apresentou nenhuma correlação significante com as variáveis de força muscular. Porém, todas as variáveis de força de flexão do tronco correlacionaram-se positivamente com o CMO do corpo total e do tronco, assim como as variáveis de extensão do joelho demonstraram associações positivas com o CMO do quadril e do membro inferior dominante. CONCLUSÃO: A força muscular exerceu uma contribuição positiva na aquisição do CMO dos sítios específicos. Esses resultados de correlação positiva entre a força e a quantidade mineral óssea de sítios específicos provêem evidências adicionais de um papel da força muscular na aquisição da massa óssea regional.OBJECTIVE: to analyze the contribution of isokinetic muscular strength of dominant knee and trunk flexors and extensors in the acquisition of bone mass in the correspondent regions that these forces are applied in female soccer players. METHODS: twenty-two female soccer athletes (GAF) were compared with 20 matched-controls (GC). The bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated in whole body, lumbar spine and dominant hip (femoral neck and total hip) with the paediatric software of Hologic QDR (Discovery model, Bedford, MA, USA). From whole body scan, the variables of body composition and bone mass of dominant leg, trunk and head were also determined. The muscular strength of flexion and extension movements in dominant knee and trunk were evaluated with the Biodex Multi-joint System 3 (Shirley, NY, USA) with 60°/s, and 5 repetitions at concentric/eccentric mode. The concentric variables peak torque, maximal repetition total work and total work of flexors and extensors were considered. Statistical analysis was performed using Student\'s t-test to compare groups and additionally Pearson\'s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis to GAF. RESULTS: Both groups were similar regarding age, weight, height, race and calcium intake (p>0.05), however GAF presented a higher percentage of lean body mass and a lower percentage of body fat compared to GC (p<0.001). All loaded sites during exercise had significantly higher values of bone mass for GAF, and so for all isokinetic concentric strength variables of dominant knee and trunk (p<0.05 e p<0.001). Bone mass variables of GAF regions presented positive correlations with weight, body mass index, total and trunk lean mass. The BMD of any region presents significant correlations with variables of strength performance. Nevertheless, all strength variables of trunk flexors were positively correlated with BMC of whole body and trunk, so as knee dominant extensors with BMC of hip and dominant leg. CONCLUSION: muscular strength exerted a positive contribution to BMC acquisition at specifics sites. These results of positive correlation between force and bone mineral quantity of specific sites give us further evidences of the muscle strength role in the acquisition of regional bone mass.
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Kuo, Chin-Chuan. "Sea spike modeling." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23385.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedIn this thesis a clutter voltage model for scattering from the sea surface is developed. A model for the scattering from a whitecap and a wave breaking occurrence model re combined to simulate the back scattered signal from one radar resolution cell. The simulation performed obtained the probability density function of sea clutter under different assumptions of wind velocities and wave breaking conditions. This model incorporates some measured quantities such as the mean clutter voltage and the correlation time as parameters. The probability density function depends on the parameters of this model. The obtained probability density functions do not confirm to any familiar simple density function.
http://archive.org/details/seaspikemodeling00kuoc
Lieutenant, Taiwan Navy
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Wang, Shi Ping 1956. "Influence of planting density on spike size and grain yield in five winter wheat cultivars." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37720.
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Chen, Andrew (Shi Wei). "Dissection of traits relating to flowering and reproductive frost tolerance on chromosome 2HL of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63527.
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In Australia, cereal crops such as wheat and barley are planted in autumn with the majority of the growing season occurring over winter. This results in occasional exposure of cold sensitive reproduction organs of the florets to frost events (-2 to -4°C) that sporadically occur in winter and early spring. Direct frost damage to cereal reproductive tissues can cause up to 85% yield losses and is estimated to cause 10% reduction in long-term yield in Australia. Two loci (2H and 5H) controlling frost tolerance at the reproductive stage were identified in Amagi Nijo × WI2585 and Galleon × Haruna Nijo DH populations, with alleles inherited from the Japanese parents associated with tolerance. The 5H locus (Fr-5H) position is close to the Triticeae homoeoloci influencing vernalization response (Vrn-1) and vegetative frost tolerance (Fr-1), while no frost tolerance effects had previously been reported in the region of the 2H locus (Fr-2H) in cereals. In the current study, the 2H and 5H chromosome regions controlling frost tolerance were also found to control developmental traits (e.g. flowering time), suggesting that developmental effects could directly or indirectly determine frost tolerance at one or both loci. However, preliminary data suggest that none of the developmental traits were consistently associated with tolerance. Using rice-barley co-linearity, the flowering time effect on 2HL (we named Flt-2L) was delimited to a 1.3 cM genetic interval in barley where it co-segregated with flowering time, spike compactness, plant height and an APETALA2-like gene. The AP2 gene represents a plausible candidate for Flt-2L because members of the AP2 gene family have been shown to control flowering time in maize, rice and wheat. Further analysis showed that the 2H frost tolerance effect can be genetically separated from Flt-2L by recombination. Thus frost tolerance at this locus appears to be controlled by a tolerance per se mechanism and is not as a result of flowering time differences (frost escape). Therefore, tolerance is unlikely to be due to a pleiotropic effect of Flt-2L. Floret sterility levels obtained using a frost simulation chamber distinguished the parents and F₂ derived individuals carrying contrasting alleles at the 2H tolerance locus. The use of an ice nucleator facilitated uniform freezing on the surfaces of the spikes and leaves, and was used to demonstrate that the 2H effect likely depends on freezing and not chilling. Future activities will include using rice-barley co-linearity to isolate the gene(s) responsible for frost tolerance at the 2H and 5H loci. The emerging physical maps of barley and wheat and the genome sequence of Brachypodium will accelerate the positional cloning. Candidate genes will be functionally analyzed using both forward and reverse genetic approaches. Markers linked to the genes controlling tolerance will be given to breeders to assess the value of the tolerance alleles in the field.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009
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Bermejo, Marie Kristel. "Measurement of Spine Density in Mouse Models of Hypodopaminergia." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35586.
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Dopamine (DA) is a key catecholamine neurotransmitter involved in motor control, cognition, and neuroendocrine regulation. Reduced DA transmission is associated with Parkinson’s disease, depression, and anhedonia. An overexpression of the dopamine transporter in mice (DAT-tg) results in a 40% reduction in extracellular DA, and can be classified as a genetic model of hypodopaminergia. Reserpine treatment depletes extracellular DA, and is a pharmacological model of hypodopaminergia. The aim of this study was to determine morphological and proteomic changes to medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which receive dopaminergic input, as a consequence of reduced DA transmission. To achieve this, MSNs were fluorescently labelled using a diolistics method and immunofluorescence. There were no observable changes to morphology or proteomic profile of MSNs in DAT-tg animals. Reserpine treatment resulted in reduced spine density in MSNs. DAT-tg animals may present a level of DA depletion that is below the threshold to induce morphological changes to MSNs.
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Ruddy, Rebecca Marie. "Differential Effects of NMDA Receptor Antagonism on Spine Density." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35680.
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Recent studies have demonstrated that an acute, low dose of ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, provides rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder. Studies in rodents have shown that the antidepressant properties of ketamine are due to an increase in dendritic spine density in the cortex. Our goal was to determine whether these effects are specific to ketamine and whether they are dependent on dose, drug regimen and brain region. We observed that the effects of ketamine on spine density were dependent on dose and drug regimen and were also brain region specific. In addition, MK-801, another NMDA receptor antagonist, did not demonstrate the same effects on spine density as ketamine. Furthermore, genetic NMDA receptor hypofunction significantly reduced spine density. Our studies demonstrate that while acute ketamine treatment leads to an increase in cortical spine density, chronic administration has opposite and potentially detrimental effects.
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Wu, Ching-Hui, and 吳靖惠. "The Research for Estimation of Thoracic Spine Bone Density by Low Dose Computed Tomography Image." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mxz6j9.
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Lin, Yun-Chen, and 林芸甄. "The Relationship among Bone Turnover Markers, Physical Activity and Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density in Group-Living Elderly." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10242668614682838908.
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碩士輔仁大學
食品營養學系
92
With the change in social environment and the function of the household, the elderly population residing in elderly accommodation institutions or elderly residential settings has risen progressively. International research in development of osteoporosis has expanded rapidly. However there is limited information regarding the evaluation of bone health for the elderly above 65 years old in Taiwan. Therefore, the study recruited 125 group-living elderly from Yi-Yuan and Tsui-Po elderly accommodation institutions. A Hologic QDR-1500 dual-energy X-ray absorptometry was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (LS) of subjects. Total daily physical activity (TDPA) was assessed by a nutrition screening questionnaire. Serum bone turnover markers, including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), type I C-terminal propeptide (CICP) and pyridinoline (Pyd) were measured to assess the variable status of bone turnover in subjects. The average age of surveyed subjects was 79.1 ± 5.6 years. The average BMD at the LS of male and female elderly were 1.004 ± 0.191 g/cm2 and 0.833 ± 0.153 g/cm2, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia were 17.5％ and 44.4％ among male elderly and were 43.6％ and 43.6％ among female elderly respectively. The state of poor bone health was 61.9％ in male elderly and 87.1％ in female elderly. The mean concentrations of the BAP and Pyd in summer of the female elderly were 28.1％ and 23.9％ higher compared with adult reference values. The values of the BAP and Pyd of the male elderly were distributed within adult reference range. The mean concentration of OC in summer was increased in 83.1％ of the male and 92.5％ of the female elderly compared with reference values for adults. The mean concentration of CICP in summer was lower in 40.6％ of the male and 25.4％ of the female elderly, as compared with adult reference values. The mean value of bone turnover index for male and female elderly in winter was 2.4 times and 1.3 times than of the values in summer, respectively. The result indicated that bone turnover, as assessed by specific bone markers, was accelerated during winter in both sexes. The average TDPA of subjects was 26.8 ± 2.2 METs/day. The physical activity level ratio (TDPA/basal energy expenditure) of subjects was 1.39 ± 0.13. The degree of the positively correlation between BMD of the LS and awaken physical activity (APA) was enhanced after METs or kcal for the sleep was subtracted from TDPA. Moreover, we found that CICP and b-quotient increased with increasing TDPA (METs/day) in male elderly. We found decreased level of Pyd with increasing TDPA (METs/day) in male elderly. The state of bone health of most elderly was classified as osteopenia or osteoporosis. Our findings with respect to the differences in bone turnover markers between male and female elderly indicated that bone loss probably is a result of insufficient type I collagen synthesis in male elderly, whereas of excessive bone resorption in female elderly. Increase in physical activity may be positively correlated with type I collagen synthesis and negatively correlated with bone resorption. Key words: osteoporosis, group-living elderly, bone mineral density, BAP, OC, CICP, Pyd, physical activity
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YEH, HSIU-CHEN, and 葉秀宸. "Establishing High-Accuracy Bone Mineral Density Measurement Technique for Lateral Lumbar Spine using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rfw4jc.
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碩士慈濟科技大學
放射醫學科學研究所
107
The purpose of this study was to establish a measurement technique for high-accuracy positioning of lumbar spine bone density. Using DEXA to measure the different parameters for analyzing. The study is divided into two parts. The first part is the tissue simulation prosthesis scan to explore whether the DEXA scan corresponds to the results of different physical density objects. The second part is the phantom of human body scanning, which is related to experience correlation, scanning method correlation and placement error. The current common scanning method is AP lumbar scan, and there is fewer lateral position to be comparing. The spine fracture mostly occurred in the vertebral body and position of lateral lumbar vertebrae ROI only analysis the vertebral body. We suggest that is more suitable to evaluate the osteoporosis using lateral body of lumbar spine. Under the set variables in the experiment, it was found that different experience operators, different center points, different instruments and placement angle effects, etc., there were significant differences in BMD measurement results (p<0.05), and the first part of the tissue simulation prosthesis two The correlation coefficient between the placement method and the physical density was 0.907 and 0.914, respectively. In addition, the distance between the measured object and the detector was also significantly different (P<0.05). The above results can be applied to the re-education and proficiency audit of the radiologist to improve the clinical measurement accuracy of the lateral lumbar vertebrae.
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"Osteoporotic vertebral deformity in elderly Chinese men: bone mineral density, body composition and health consequences." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890483.
Full textAbstract:
by Chan Kwai Foon May.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-114).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Declaration --- p.2
Abstract --- p.3
Abstract in Chinese --- p.6
Acknowledgements --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.15
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Osteoporosis : The relationship between aging and skeletal organization between men and women --- p.17
Chapter 2.1. --- Skeletal organization --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.1. --- Bone structure --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.2. --- Bone metabolism --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.3. --- Peak bone mass --- p.18
Chapter 2.2. --- Bone loss between men and women --- p.20
Chapter 2.2.1. --- Aging and bone loss --- p.20
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Clinical aspects of bone loss in men and women --- p.21
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Vertebral deformity : Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition --- p.23
Chapter 3.1. --- Bone mineral density --- p.23
Chapter 3.1.1. --- Types of vertebral deformity --- p.23
Chapter 3.1.2. --- Clinical diagnosis in vertebral deformity --- p.24
Chapter 3.1.3. --- Bone mineral density measurements --- p.25
Chapter 3.1.4. --- Vertebral deformity and bone mineral density --- p.28
Chapter 3.2. --- Bone composition --- p.33
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Literature Review on Health Consequences of Vertebral Deformity --- p.36
Chapter 4.1. --- Back pain --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.1. --- Back pain and vertebral deformity --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.2. --- Back pain in men and women with vertebral deformity --- p.38
Chapter 4.2. --- Morale and functional limitation and vertebral deformities --- p.39
Chapter 4.2.1. --- Function evaluation : The Barthel Index --- p.40
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale --- p.41
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Objectives --- p.43
Chapter Chapter 6. --- "Subjects and methods for phase I: anthropometric measurement, body composition and bone mineral density measurement in vertebral deformity patients and controls" --- p.44
Chapter 6.1. --- Study subjects --- p.44
Chapter 6.2. --- Radiology and digitization protocol for diagnosis vertebral deformity --- p.46
Chapter 6.3. --- Diagnosis of vertebral deformity --- p.48
Chapter 6.4. --- Body composition and bone mineral density measurements --- p.54
Chapter 6.4.1. --- Body composition analysis --- p.54
Chapter 6.4.2. --- Lumbar spine and hip bone mineral analysis --- p.54
Chapter 6.5. --- Quality control --- p.56
Chapter 6.5.1. --- Routine quality control of measurements --- p.56
Chapter 6.5.2. --- Precision on patient repositioning --- p.56
Chapter Chapter 7. --- Subjects and methods for phase II: health consequences of vertebral deformity patients and controls --- p.57
Chapter 7.1. --- Questionnaire on health consequences --- p.57
Chapter 7.1.1 --- Back pain and disability --- p.57
Chapter 7.1.2 --- Activities of daily living --- p.59
Chapter 7.1.3 --- Morale --- p.59
Chapter 7.2. --- Statistical methods --- p.60
Chapter 7.2.1. --- Bone mineral density and body composition --- p.60
Chapter 7.2.2. --- Back pain and disability --- p.60
Chapter 7.2.3. --- Activities of daily living and morale --- p.61
Chapter Chapter 8. --- "Results for phase I: anthropometric measurement, body composition and bone mineral density measurement in vertebral deformity patients and controls" --- p.62
Chapter 8.1. --- Demographic characteristics of study population --- p.62
Chapter 8.2. --- Anthropometric measurements : Body composition and bone mineral density --- p.64
Chapter Chapter 9. --- Results for phase II: Health Consequences of vertebral deformity patients and control --- p.76
Chapter 9.1. --- Back pain --- p.76
Chapter 9.2. --- Disability --- p.78
Chapter 9.3. --- Activities of daily living --- p.81
Chapter 9.4. --- Morale --- p.82
Chapter Chapter 10. --- Discussion I --- p.83
Chapter 10.1. --- Study Sample --- p.83
Chapter 10.2. --- Digitization method and definition of vertebral deformity --- p.84
Chapter 10.3. --- Methods for bone mineral density measurement --- p.87
Chapter 10.4. --- Questionnaire validity --- p.88
Chapter 10.4.1. --- Back pain and disability --- p.88
Chapter 10.4.2. --- Barthel Index --- p.88
Chapter 10.4.3. --- Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale --- p.89
Chapter Chapter 11. --- Discussion II --- p.92
Chapter 11.1 . --- Body composition and bone mineral density --- p.92
Chapter 11.2. --- Differences of vertebral deformity between Chinese men and Caucasian men --- p.93
Chapter 11.3. --- Health consequences in Chinese men --- p.96
Chapter 11.4. --- Comparison of health consequences between Chinese men and Caucasian men --- p.98
Chapter 11.5. --- Variation of health consequences between Chinese men and Chinese women --- p.101
Chapter 11.5.1. --- Back pain and disability --- p.101
Chapter 11.5.2. --- Morale --- p.102
Chapter Chapter 12. --- Conclusion --- p.103
Reference --- p.104
Appendix I --- p.115
Appendix II Publication
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Eadie, Brennan Daniel. "Voluntary exercise alters the cyto-architecture of the adult dentate gyrus by increasing cellular proliferation, dendritic complexity, and spine density." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15467.
Full textAbstract:
While a dramatic increase in the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in
the adult dentate gyrus following voluntary exercise has been consistently reported, it has never
been determined whether this reflects an increase in neurogenic activity or an exercise-induced
increase in the metabolic processing of systemically injected BrdU (a compound that inserts
itself into the DNA of cells undergoing replication in preparation for cell division). In these
experiments, it is shown that (1) 200 mg/kg is a saturating dose of BrdU in both control and
voluntary exercise animals, (2) there are almost twice as many BrdU-positive cells following
exercise, but only if doses of BrdU of 200 mg/kg or greater are employed, (3) high doses of
BrdU (400 and 600 mg/kg) do not affect the appearance or distribution of labeled cells, (4)
voluntary exercise leads to similar increases in the number of cells expressing Ki67, an intrinsic
marker of cellular proliferation, (5) dendritic length and dendritic complexity are significantly
increased in the dentate gyrus regions of animals that exercise, and (6) spine density is
significantly greater on the dendrites of dentate granule cells following voluntary exercise. This
study demonstrates that exercise up-regulates neurogenic activity in the dentate gyrus region of
adult rats, independent of any putative changes in altered BrdU metabolism, and that it
substantially alters the morphology of dentate granule cell dendrites. The dramatic changes to
the cyto-architecture of the dentate gyrus induced by voluntary exercise may underlie the
enhancement of hippocampal long-term potentiation and hippocampal-dependent memory that
our group has previously described. These results suggest that exercise may be an effective
component of therapeutic regimes aimed at improving the functioning of individuals with
neuropathologies that involve the degradation of cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.
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Lai, Chung-Liang, and 賴仲亮. "Effect of 6 months of whole body vibration on lumbar spine bone density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3g583w.
Full textAbstract:
博士中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
102
Background: The issue of osteoporosis-induced fractures has attracted the world’s attention. Postmenopausal women are particularly at risk for this type of fracture. The nonmedicinal intervention for postmenopausal women is mainly exercise. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a simple and convenient exercise. There have been some studies investigating the effect of WBV on osteoporosis; however, the intervention models and results are different. This study mainly investigated the effect of high-frequency and high-magnitude WBV on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study randomized 28 postmenopausal women into either the WBV group or the control group for a 6-month trial. The WBV group received an intervention of high-frequency (30Hz) and high-magnitude (3.2g) WBV group in a natural full-standing posture for 5 minutes, three times per week, monitored by a well-trained physical therapist at a sports center. The CON group was asked to maintain their daily life habit. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the lumbar BMD of the two groups before and of 6 months after the intervention. Results: Six months later, the BMD of lumbar spine of the WBV group had significantly increased by 2.032% (P=0.047), while that of the control group had decreased by 0.046% (P=0.188). The comparison between the two groups showed that the BMD of lumbar spine of the WBV group had increased significantly (P=0.016). Conclusion: This study found that 6 months of high-frequency and high-magnitude WBV yielded significant benefits to the BMD of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women, and could therefore be provided as an alternative exercise for osteoporosis.
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Kuan-WeiChen and 陳冠維. "Co-Simulation of FEM-Analytic Method-SPICE for Electromechanical Coupling Systems Applying to Optimal Design of High-Power Density Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Modules." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3x7g9c.
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Helm, Martin Sebastian. "A quantitative analysis of the molecular organization of dendritic spines from hippocampal neurons." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C197-8.
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Kohut, June R. "Enhanced lumbar spine bone mineral content and bone mineral density in SGA piglets fed arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are modulated by birth weight." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18088.
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"Evaluation of lumbar spine vertebral fracture in Hong Kong Chinese elderly with reduced bone mineral density: 評估香港華裔長者腰椎椎體骨折與骨密度(BMD)降低的關係." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291673.
Full textAbstract:
Kwok, Wai Leung Anthony.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-143).
Abstracts also in Chinese; some appendixes in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 03, November, 2016).
Kwok, Wai Leung Anthony.