Journal articles: 'Spiders, europe'

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Deli, O. F., V. A. Trach, S. Ya Pidhorna, and K. Y. Chernychko. "THE FINDING OF THE OECOBIUS RHODIENSIS KRITSCHER, 1966 (ARANEI: OECOBIIDAE) OF ODESA REGION." Odesa National University Herald. Biology 28, no. 2(53) (December 28, 2023): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.2(53).292580.

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The Oecobiidae family includes 120 species and 6 genera of spiders. The genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 contains 90 species of spiders. 7 of them are registered in Europe. 4 species of this genus are registered in Ukraine, and the distribution of all species is limited. Today, it is known that the range of the spider Oecobius rhodiensis Kritscher, 1966 has a fragmentary nature. Findings of the Oe. rhodiensis spider from the Oecobiidae family are known from Greece, island Crete, Turkey and Ukraine (Donetsk region). The article provides information about registration, distribution and phenological features of the Oe. rhodiensis spider, from the Oecobiidae family in Odesa region (Ukraine). Aim. New information of the distribution and biology of the spider Оecobius rhodiensis Kritscher, 1966 was provided. Methods. Standart spider collection methods were used, namely manual collection. The material was collected in 2016–2022. The collected material was placed in a container with 70% alcohol and a label was added. The taxonomic affiliation of spiders was determined by the keys given in the electronic identifier of spiders of Europe. Results. The spider Оecobius rhodiensis Kritscher, 1966 from the family Oecobiidae was recorded for the first time in Odesa region and for the second time in Ukraine. These spiders were registered on the wall of buildings, in the entrances and on the windowsills of apartments. Spider Oe. rhodiensis builds small flat webs on the walls of buildings. Under these webs the spider hides and hunts prey. These spiders were observed only in buildings in April and November. Starting from May to October, the largest number of individuals was observed on the walls of buildings. The largest number of spiders was observed on the walls of buildings. Adult spiders were observed in June-July.

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Davey, Graham C. L. "The "Disgusting" Spider: The Role of Disease and Illness in the Perpetuation of Fear of Spiders." Society & Animals 2, no. 1 (1994): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853094x00045.

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AbstractRecent studies of spider phobia have indicated thatfearof spiders is closely associated with the disease-avoidance response of disgust. It is argued that the disgust-relevant status of the spider resulted from its association with disease and illness in European cultures from the tenth century onward. The development of the association between spiders and illness appears to be linked to the many devastating and inexplicable epidemics that struck Europe from the Middle Ages onwards, when the spider was a suitable displaced target for the anxieties caused by these epidemics. Such factors suggest that the pervasive fear of spiders that is commonly found in many Western societies may have cultural rather than biological origins, and may be restricted to Europeans and their descendants.

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Korenko, Stanislav, Jakub Sýkora, Ľudmila Černecká, Peter Gajdoš, Pavol Purgat, Ján Černecký, Kamil Holý, Petr Heneberg, and Ingi Agnarsson. "Elevation gradient affects the distribution and host utilisation of Zatypota anomala (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) associated with mesh web weaving spiders (Araneae, Dictynidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 93 (October 31, 2022): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.93.91513.

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The spatial distribution of parasitoids is closely linked to the distribution and ecological requirements of their hosts. Several studies have documented changes in the fauna composition of parasitoids in response to elevation, but data on parasitoids associated with spiders are missing. The koinobiont ichneumonid wasp Zatypota anomala is strictly specialised on spiders of the genus Dictyna (Dictynidae) in Europe. We examined the distribution of spiders of the family Dictynidae in forest ecotones in central Europe across a broad elevation gradient (110–1466 m a.s.l.). We checked the spiders for parasitism by Z. anomala. It was most abundant at the mid-elevations (median 712 m a.s.l., range 179–870 m a.s.l.). We identified four dictynid spider species as Z. anomala hosts. These were Dictyna arundinacea, Dictyna uncinata, Nigma flavescens, and Nigma walckenaeri. All four species and the genus Nigma were recorded as hosts for the first time. The parasitoids strongly preferred juvenile instars of their hosts. The body length differed between parasitised Dictyna and Nigma spiders (medians: 1.95 mm and 2.55 mm, respectively). The distribution of Dictyna and Nigma spiders overlapped along the elevation gradient, but parasitism incidence significantly differed between spider genera along the elevation gradient. Nigma was parasitized at lower elevations between 179–254 m a.s.l. and Dictyna at higher elevations between 361–870 m a.s.l. The phenology of Z. anomala is closely tied to the univoltine life strategy of its host spiders. The parasitoid female oviposits in autumn, and its offspring overwinter as larvae on the host, reach adulthood during spring, and pass the summer as an adult.

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Breitling, Rainer, Martin Lemke, Tobias Bauer, Michael Hohner, Arno Grabolle, and Theo Blick. "Phantom spiders: notes on dubious spider species from Europe." Arachnologische Mitteilungen 50 (November 30, 2015): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5431/aramit5010.

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Ingle, Kapilkumar, Hardeep Kaur, Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak, József Bürgés, Áron Szabó, and Róbert Gallé. "Winter-Active Spider Fauna is Affected by Plantation Forest Type." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa025.

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Abstract Plantations of non-native trees for commercial use are common practice in Europe. They are known to have severe ecological impacts on arthropod fauna by altering microclimatic conditions and reducing microhabitat diversity. However, the effect of plantation tree species on winter-active fauna is relatively unknown. Spiders are a diverse predatory arthropod taxon with strong effect on their prey populations. The composition of spider communities sensitively indicates changes in habitat structure. We established 40 sampling sites in five non-native pine and five native poplar plantations and collected spiders with pitfall traps for two winters in the Southern part of Hungary. We assessed the average height of vegetation and percentage cover of leaf litter, mosses, herbaceous vegetation, and shrubs to characterize habitat structure. We found species richness and activity density of spiders in the non-native compared to the native plantations, presumably due to the more temperate microclimate in pine than in poplar plantations. However, there was no significant effect of habitat structure and its interaction with forest type on species richness and activity density of spiders. Species composition of non-native and native plantation forests differed significantly. Furthermore, we identified six characteristic spider species of non-native plantations with preference for relatively moist habitat conditions. The single characteristic species, (Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873) for the native plantations preferred dry and partly shaded habitats. We conclude that the effect of microclimatic differences and prey availability presumably overrides the effect of habitat structure on winter-active spiders.

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Stańska, Marzena, and Tomasz Stański. "Spider Assemblages of Tree Trunks and Tree Branches in Three Developmental Phases of Primeval Oak–Lime–Hornbeam Forest in the Białowieża National Park." Insects 13, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121115.

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The study was conducted in the Białowieża Forest, which is the only place in Europe where the full development cycle of forests takes place on a large scale. The objective of this study was to compare spider assemblages inhabiting tree trunks and tree branches in the optimal, terminal and regeneration phases of a primeval oak–lime–hornbeam stand, in terms of their abundance, species diversity and species richness. Spiders of tree branches were sampled using a sweep net into which branches were shaken, while spiders inhabiting tree trunks were collected using traps made of corrugated cardboard placed around the trunks. The three analysed phases did not differ in terms of total species richness. We found that the species diversity of both foliage-dwelling and trunk-dwelling spider assemblages was higher in the terminal phase compared to other phases, which may indicate that the former phase offered the most diverse niches for spiders as a result of the significant disturbance in the stand structure. In addition, we found fewer spider individuals and species in individual samples collected on tree branches from a plot in the regeneration phase compared to the other phases, which may be a consequence of the structure of the stand in this phase (low canopy cover, lush herbaceous vegetation).

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Breitling, Rainer, Tobias Bauer, Michael Schäfer, Eduardo Morano, José A. Barrientos, and Theo Blick. "Phantom spiders 2: More notes on dubious spider species from Europe." Arachnologische Mitteilungen 52 (September 30, 2016): 50–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5431/aramit5209.

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Trilikauskas, Laimonas A. "First data on the spider fauna (Arachnida: Aranei) of the Salair National Park and surroundings (Altaisky Krai, Russia)." Biota and Environment of Natural Areas 11, no. 4 (December 14, 2023): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/2782-1978_2023_4_3.

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For the fi rst time, the spider fauna of the Salair National Park and adjacent territories is studied in detail and its zoogeographical characteristics are given. The surveys were carried out in the Togul and Chumysh cluster areas and adjacent territories in 2020–2022. An annotated list has been compiled, including 118 species from 17 families and 77 genera. Twenty seven species of spiders were recorded in the Altai Territory for the fi rst time. The genus Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 is new to the region. The family Linyphiidae is the most diverse. At the generic level, small- sized wolf spiders of the genus Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847 and large orb-web spiders of the genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 are represented by the highest number of species (6 and 5, respectively). The analysis of longitudinal components of the ranges of the collected species showed a signifi cant predominance (more than 70%) of widespread, trans- Palaearctic and trans- Holarctic elements. Twenty percent of species are common to the fauna of Europe and Siberia. The predicted spider species diversity of this region is 300–350 species.

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Surovcová, Kamila, Ondřej Košulič, and Vladimír Hula. "Epigeic Spiders from Lowland Oak Woodlands in the South Moravia Region (Czech Republic)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 4 (2017): 1279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765041279.

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This paper presents spider faunistics from abandoned coppice oak forest stands located along the South Moravia region. Spiders were collected from May to July 2012 by pitfall trapping at eight different localities. We collected 1945 adult spiders representing 20 families, 53 genera, and 90 species. More than one-third of all the species are known to be xerothermophilous with ecological restrictions to open and partly shaded habitats such as forest-steppe and sparse forests which belong to endangered habitats along central Europe. The most abundant species were Pardosa alacris, P. lugubris and Arctosa lutetiana from the family Lycosidae. In the surveyed area, 24 species were found listed in the Red List of Threatened Species in the Czech Republic (CR – 1 species, EN – 2 species, VU – 15 species, LC – 6 species). In general, we discovered a substantially diversified spider community with a large presence of rare and endangered species characteristic for open and xeric habitats.

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Havlová, Lucie, Vladimír Hula, and Jana Niedobová. "Spiders of the Vine Plants in Southern Moravia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 5 (2015): 1471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563051471.

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Araneofauna of vineyards is relatively known in Central Europe but we have a lack of knowledge about araneofauna which occur directly on the vine plants. Our investigation was focused on spiders which live on vine plants, especially on the vine plants trunks. We investigated spiders in six vineyards in southern Moravia (Šatov, Mikulov, Popice, Morkůvky, Nosislav and Blučina). Vineyards were under different soil management, traps were placed on different parts of particular locality (terraced and plain) and all localities were under integrated pest management. We employed two types of cardboard traps for spider collecting during whole vegetation season. Altogether, we collected 21 spider species which belong to seven families. The most important species was Marpissa nivoyi (Lucas, 1836), which is mentioned in the Red List as vulnerable (VU) and Sibianor tantulus (Simon, 1868) which had unknown distribution in the Czech Republic. The other very interesting result is that the most common species is myrmecomorph Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836), which is scarcely recorded in such huge numbers as we documented in our study.

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Bauer, Tobias, Daria Alison Bäte, Fabian Kempfer, and Jens Schirmel. "Differing impacts of two major plant invaders on urban plant-dwelling spiders (Araneae) during flowering season." Biological Invasions 23, no. 5 (January 18, 2021): 1473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02452-w.

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AbstractPlant invasions can have major impacts on ecosystems and influence global species diversity. In Central Europe, Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) and American goldenrods (Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea) are important invaders often establishing dense and homogeneous stands, especially in urban and other disturbed habitats. We investigated their impacts on plant-dwelling spiders (abundance, family structure, guild structure) and potential spider prey items during flowering season within an urbanized landscape using a paired design comparing invaded and native reference vegetation plots. In general, flowering American goldenrods and Himalayan balsam had no significant impacts on the spider family composition. Invasion of American goldenrods further had no effect on total spider abundance and potential prey item abundance. In contrast, goldenrods showed a significantly increased crab spider (Thomisidae) abundance while being less inhabited by web builders. Himalayan balsam negatively influenced free hunters and running crab spider (Philodromidae) abundance, while we found no effects on other groups and total spider abundance. For Himalayan balsam, potential prey item abundance was higher than in native vegetation stands. Notwithstanding that our results only represent a snapshot of the system, they suggest that large-scale removal of urban goldenrod stands during flowering season might negatively influence local spider abundance, especially of crab spiders. Management efforts should therefore be accompanied by compensation measures to avoid disruptive effects on local plant-dwelling spider communities.

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Nyffeler, Martin, and Dries Bonte. "Where Have All the Spiders Gone? Observations of a Dramatic Population Density Decline in the Once Very Abundant Garden Spider, Araneus diadematus (Araneae: Araneidae), in the Swiss Midland." Insects 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040248.

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Aerial web-spinning spiders (including large orb-weavers), as a group, depend almost entirely on flying insects as a food source. The recent widespread loss of flying insects across large parts of western Europe, in terms of both diversity and biomass, can therefore be anticipated to have a drastic negative impact on the survival and abundance of this type of spider. To test the putative importance of such a hitherto neglected trophic cascade, a survey of population densities of the European garden spider Araneus diadematus—a large orb-weaving species—was conducted in the late summer of 2019 at twenty sites in the Swiss midland. The data from this survey were compared with published population densities for this species from the previous century. The study verified the above-mentioned hypothesis that this spider’s present-day overall mean population density has declined alarmingly to densities much lower than can be expected from normal population fluctuations (0.7% of the historical values). Review of other available records suggested that this pattern is widespread and not restricted to this region. In conclusion, the decline of this once so abundant spider in the Swiss midland is evidently revealing a bottom-up trophic cascade in response to the widespread loss of flying insect prey in recent decades.

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FITTON, M. G., M. R. SHAW, and A. D. AUSTIN. "The Hymenoptera associated with spiders in Europe." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 90, no. 1 (May 1987): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01348.x.

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Řezáč, Milan, Vlastimil Růžička, Jan Dolanský, and Petr Dolejš. "Vertical distribution of spiders (Araneae) in Central European shallow subterranean habitats." Subterranean Biology 45 (January 18, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.95850.

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Shallow subterranean habitats are among the last habitats in Central Europe to be arachnologically researched. Using stratified pipe traps, we studied the vertical distribution of spiders in soil and interspaces in bedrock (shallow subterranean habitats). Specifically, we sampled fauna in different substrates, including limestone, sandy marlstone, sandy marl, claystone, loess, and artificial gravel accumulation. Employing stratified pipe traps allowed us to identify the depth at which particular species occurred. Across multiple years and sampling sites, we collected 76 spider species, 21 of which showed an affinity for subterranean microhabitats. Some of these species occurred in interspaces in soil and bedrock, whereas others have been previously found in subterranean ant nests and animal burrows. We collected five species (Iberina microphthalma, Centromerus cf. piccolo, Porrhomma cambridgei, P. microcavense, and P. microps) almost exclusively at depths over half a meter, suggesting the strong affinity of these species for a subterranean lifestyle. We provide diagrams of these species’ vertical distribution and photo-document eye reduction. Our study demonstrates that poorly studied shallow subterranean habitats harbor diverse subterranean spider fauna, including several previously considered rare species in Central Europe.

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Fateryga, Alexander V., Mykola M. Kovblyuk, and Roman S. Kvetkov. "The first data on the nesting biology of the invasive blue nest-renting wasp, Chalybion turanicum (Gussakovskij, 1935) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Sceliphrinae) in the Crimea." Acta Biologica Sibirica 6 (November 26, 2020): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e57911.

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Abstract The nesting biology of Chalybion turanicum (Gussakovskij, 1935) has been studied, with a total of 31 nests being examined. All studied nests were located inside the old nest cells of Sceliphron destillatorium (Illiger, 1807). Each nest of Ch. turanicum consisted of a single cell. Females hunted for spiders, with 18 species in five families being identified among their prey. Two most abundant victim groups were Theridiidae (eight species, 54% of specimens) and Araneidae (seven species, 33% of specimens) spiders. A spider number stored in a cell varied from five to 31 (mean = 17.6 ± 5.4). In the Crimea, Ch. turanicum has one generation per year with reproductive success of 67%. Two species of the nest parasites were reared from cells of Ch. turanicum: Chrysis taczanovskii Radoszkowski, 1876 and Acroricnus seductor (Scopoli, 1786). Chalybion turanicum is the seventh invasive species of Sphecidae naturalized in Europe.

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Vicens, Narcís, Rafael Carbonell, Alexander V. Antropov, and Jordi Bosch. "Nesting biology of Trypoxylon petiolatum Smith, 1858 (Crabronidae), a cavity-nesting solitary wasp new to Europe." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 90 (April 29, 2022): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.90.78581.

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We report on the discovery of the spider-hunting wasp Trypoxylon petiolatum (Crabronidae) nesting in three localities in the Province of Girona (Catalonia, NE Spain) in 2019 and 2021. This species is native to eastern Asia and has not previously been reported from Europe. We provide a detailed description of the species, as well as information on its nest architecture, cocoon shape, the identity of the spiders captured to provision the nests, and mortality rates, including parasitism by a native cleptoparasitic fly (Amobia signata, Miltogramminae, Sarcophagidae) and a native parasitoid wasp (Melittobia acasta, Eulophidae).

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Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, Leonardo Pennisi, Anna Lepore, and Luigi Santacroce. "Local Dermonecrosis with Generalized Urticaria Probably Due to Loxosceles rufescens Bite." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, no. C (April 25, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4128.

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BACKGROUND: The spiders of the Loxosceles genus, commonly denoted as “brown spiders” or “Mediterranean recluse” or “brown recluse,” belong to the spider family Sicariidae, suborder Labidognatha, order Araneida, class Arachnida, and phylum Arthropoda. This spider is widespread in Africa and South/Central America, but it is also distributed in North America, in the West Indies, in the Mediterranean Europe, and in China. CASE REPORT: Here, we report the case of a severe dermonecrotic loxoscelism identified in Southern Italy, probably due to the bite of Loxosceles rufescens. The patient was a women admitted at hospital ER because of a little skin erythema that evolved toward a severe necrosis and ulceration within 20 days. After clinical and laboratory data excluded other local and systemic diseases, she was treated with a systemic and local therapy using corticosteroids and antibiotics with the diagnosis of loxoscelism. The healing from the local skin lesion occurred within 2 months, but the local pain, weakness, and discomfort lasted for a long time. CONCLUSION: It is the fisrt time that a possible case of systemic loxoscelism with skin generalized urticaria is reported in Italy.

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Babenko, A. B., and A. V. Ponomarev. "SPIDERS (ARANEI) OF THE PERIGLACIAL LANDSCAPES OF THE TSEI GORGE, NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA, CAUCASUS, RUSSIA." Зоологический журнал 102, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044513423030030.

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In the framework of a comprehensive study of arthropods taking part in the primary successions of the periglacial landscapes in the North Caucasus, spiders were collected from 10 sites of different ages (ranging from 1 to 170 years) in the upper reaches of the Tsei Gorge at altitudes of 2071 to 2336 m a.s.l. As the glacier retreats, meadow communities are formed at the site of bare near-glacial areas, these being first replaced by shrubs in areas aged 10–14 years, and then by forest communities on 30–35-year old surfaces. Spiders appear almost immediately after the retreat of the glacier, and representatives of at least three families are found already in the area that was freed from ice just a year ago. This pioneer complex consists not only of representatives of the alpine fauna, but it also includes species without pronounced altitudinal preferences. However, the primary assemblage is short-lived, being completely replaced in 10–15 years, especially sharp rearrangements of the spider populations being noted during the transition from meadow to the forest stage of succession. In 30–35 years following the retreat of the glacier, the spider complexes reach a level of diversity that is quite comparable with that in developed communities of the mountain forest belt. A comparison of the periglacial assemblages of Caucasian spiders with those formed under similar conditions in the southern and northern mountains of Western Europe indicates a profound regional specificity not only at the level of species, but even at the level of families.

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BOUBAKRI, ABIR, ROBERT BOSMANS, JULIEN PÉTILLON, and MOHAMED SGHAIER ACHOURI. "Description of a new Agraecina species from Tunisia (Araneae: Liocranidae), with a review of all species of the genus." Zootaxa 4772, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.9.

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While Liocranidae is a family encompassing 283 species distributed in 32 genera (World Spider Catalog 2019), the genus Agraecina Simon, 1932 currently counts only six described species: Agraecina canariensis Wunderlich, 1992 from the Canaries, A. cristriani (Georgescu, 1989) from Romania, A. hodna Bosmans, 1999 from Algeria, A. lineata (Simon, 1878) from Europe and Kazakhstan, A. rutilia (Simon, 1897) from Sierrra Leone, and A. scupiensis Deltshev, 2016 from Macedonia. During an ecological survey in the north of Tunisia, a new Agraecina species was discovered and is described here. Spiders were collected using pitfall traps in a salt marsh.

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Naumova, Maria, and Christo Deltshev. "New faunistic and taxonomic notes on the Haplogyne and Cribellate spiders (Araneae: Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Sicariidae) from three Balkan countries." Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17109/azh.67.1.63.2021.

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In this paper, we report for the first time two spider species for Albania, four for Bulgaria and two for Greece: Altella lucida (Simon, 1874) (Bulgaria), Eresus moravicus Rezác, 2008 (Bulgaria and Greece), Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Albania), Harpactea samuili Lazarov, 2006 (Greece), Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) (Albania), Pritha parva Legittimo, Simeon, Di Pompeo et Kulczycki, 2017 (Bulgaria) and Pritha vestita (Simon, 1873) (Bulgaria). The recently described species P. parva is the first report for the Balkan Peninsula, while P. vestita is the first record for mainland Europe. Their congener Pritha nana (Simon, 1868) is removed from the Bulgarian checklist of spiders (misidentification). As a result of our report, the number of spider species increases to 571, 1049 and 1183 in Albania, Bulgaria and Greece, respectively.

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Blick, Theo, Wolfgang Nentwig, Daniel Gloor, Ambros Hänggi, and Christian Kropf. "araneae: Spinnen Europas – Spiders of Europe: http://www.araneae.unibe.ch." Arachnologische Mitteilungen 41 (July 1, 2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5431/aramit4107.

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Mammola, Stefano, Pedro Cardoso, Carles Ribera, Martina Pavlek, and Marco Isaia. "A synthesis on cave-dwelling spiders in Europe." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12201.

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Koponen, Seppo. "GROUND-LIVING SPIDERS IN BOGS IN NORTHERN EUROPE." Journal of Arachnology 30, no. 2 (August 2002): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0262:glsibi]2.0.co;2.

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Hlava, Jakub, Pavla Vachová, Jiřina Száková, Vladimír Vrabec, Štěpán Kubík, Pavel Tlustoš, Iva Langrová, and Martin Kulma. "Living with Contamination: Insights into an Epigeic Macrofaunal Community in an Area Extremely Polluted by Risk Elements." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 4243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054243.

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Five meadows along the Litavka River highly contaminated with heavy metals from mining were sampled for insects and spiders using pitfall traps. The sites are in the Příbram region of central Bohemia, Czechia, which was previously reported as one of the most polluted areas in Europe due to intensive mining and metal processing. The determination of pseudo-total risk elements in soil revealed that all the sampled sites were contaminated with heavy metals, especially As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, with levels ranging from moderate to extreme. The trap results showed a total of 1142 beetles from 21 species, 946 ants from 16 species, 548 spiders from 28 species, and 96 harvestmen from 3 species. With the exception of the scabrous ground beetle, Carabus scabriusculus, all captured specimens were species common to the wet meadows and forest edges of Czechia. With respect to species richness, the dominant spider and beetle taxa were less abundant at the heavily polluted locations than at the moderately polluted locations. In the case of ants, however, there was no relationship between contamination level and abundance or species richness. Thus, it is worthwhile recording and analyzing the differential changes in abundance of the dominant spider and beetle species in polluted areas.

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Berisha, Naim, and Donard Geci. "The analysis of the influence of grazing intensity on the diversity and abundance of plants and spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)." EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2023.4.

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In restoration projects, low stock grazing has become a popular means of management. However, an accurate understanding of the effects of grazing on plants and spiders is often lacking. Although spiders and plants are not closely related evolutionarily or genetically, the relationship between them can be complex and diverse. Many species of spider build their webs or nests on plants, using the leaves, stems, or flowers as anchoring points. This provides them with protection from predators, access to prey and a stable habitat. On the other hand, spiders can provide a number of benefits to grassland ecosystems, such as helping to control populations of insects and other arthropods that can damage or consume grassland plants. This study addresses the effects of different grazing regimes on plant and spider diversity in siliceous grasslands. Plant and spider diversity was studied for four months in the Sharri Mountains (Kosovo) in order to determine the biodiversity in ungrazed, moderately grazed and overgrazed siliceuous grasslands. The responses of plant height, plant biomass, plant species diversity and spider species diversity to three grazing intensities at 12 sites were recorded. Vegetation structure (plant height and plant biomass) was significantly higher in ungrazed grasslands compared to grazed and overgrazed grasslands. This was not the case, however, for spider species richness and diversity, as these were higher in moderately grazed than ungrazed grassland. On overgrazed grasslands, spider diversity was extremely low, as only one species of spider (Pardosa saltuaria) was recorded. Plant and spider diversity increased in the following order: overgrazed grasslands < ungrazed grasslands < moderately grazed grasslands, in all the habitats studied. Different grazing intensities significantly affected the abundance of particular plants on siliceous grasslands, for example, Deschampsia cespitosa, one of the most dominant plants on siliceous grasslands had an abundance of 4.77% in ungrazed grasslands., but only 4.94% in moderately grazed grasslands and was absent in overgrazed grasslands. There were other species of plants that were most abundant in intensively grazed silicate grasslands. One of them was Nardus stricta, whose percentage in ungrazed, moderately grazed and overgrazed grasslands was characterized by a multiple exponential increase in % (s1 – ungrazed grasslands = 0.99%, s2 – moderately grazed grasslands = 1.25% and s3 – overgrazed grasslands = 10.50%). It is concluded that the intensity of grazing of natural grasslands directly affects biodiversity and that this information may be valuable for long-term management and conservation programs in similar habitats in SE Europe and beyond.

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Rozwałka, Robert, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Paweł Bielak-Bielecki. "New data on introduced and rare synanthropic spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) in Poland (II)." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia 71, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/c.2016.71.1.59.

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Over the last decades, a large number of introduced spider species (Araneae) has been noted in Europe. Some of these newcomers have been introduced incidentally. However, the others develop permanent populations, for example in greenhouses or botanical gardens, and become synanthropic species. Introduction and synanthropization of new spider species also occurs in Poland. New records presented herein extend the list of introduced arachnofauna by seven species: Aphantaulax trifasciata, Cheiracanthium furculatum, Cyrtophora citricola, Olios argelasius, Nurscia albomaculata, Phoneutria boliviensis and Triaeris stenaspis. In addition, new posts of rarely reported so far in Poland synanthropic spiders such as: Amaurobius ferox, A. similis, Cheiracanthium mildei, Hasarius adansoni, Holocnemus pluchei, Nesticella mogera, Psilochorus simoni, Pseudeuophrys lanigera, Scytodes thoracica and Uloborus plumipes are presented. The data complement the deployment of these species in Poland as well as indicate their potential expansion routes.

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CARDOSO, PEDRO, and NIKOLAJ SCHARFF. "First record of the spider family Symphytognathidae in Europe and description of Anapistula ataecina sp. n. (Araneae)." Zootaxa 2246, no. 1 (October 5, 2009): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2246.1.4.

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The spider family Symphytognathidae has never been recorded from Europe, being mostly present in tropical regions. Different collecting trips to a cave system in Portugal revealed several specimens of a new species of Symphytognathidae here described, Anapistula ataecina sp. n. This is one of the smallest spiders described to date. The species is almost exclusively known from the Frade Cave System in Portugal which is partly endangered by limestone quarries. No males were found to date despite many collecting trips to the caves during more than three years. Parthenogenesis could therefore be responsible for the species reproduction. Its web, with a sheet-like structure, seems atypical for the family and for the genus. Details on the eggsacs and spinneret morphology are also given.

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Růžička, Vlastimil, Petr Šmilauer, and Roman Mlejnek. "Colonization of subterranean habitats by spiders in Central Europe." International Journal of Speleology 42, no. 2 (May 2013): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.42.2.5.

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Ponomarev, A. V. "New spiders (Aranei) from the south-east of Europe." Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 3, no. 1 (2007): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/1814-3326-2007-3-1-3-7.

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Hula, Vladimír, Jana Niedobová, and Hana Šefrová. "Remarkable Spiders of Artificial Sandy Grassland Near Town Hodonín (Czech Republic)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 1 (2014): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462010099.

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Air blown sands areas and its habitats are very rare in Europe as well as many spider species, which occure there. Research was focused on spiders of sandy grassland and its ecotones near the town of Hodonín. Three lines of pitfall traps were used (one in grassland and two in its ecotones). Research took place in growing seasons of the years 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. Total number of collected adult spider specimens was 11743, they belong to 160 species and 21 families. It was found out, that 15 following species are included in the Red List of threatened species in the Czech Republic: Critically Endangered – Haplodrassus bohemicus Miller & Buchar, 1977, Sitticus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877), Titanoeca psammophila Wunderlich, 1993, Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806; Endangered – Euryopis laeta (Westring, 1861), Haplodrassus minor (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879), Micaria dives (Lucas, 1846); Vulnerable – Agroeca lusatica (L. Koch, 1875), Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799), Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch, 1866), Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778), Pellenes nigrociliatus (Simon, 1875), Scotina celans (Blackwall, 1841), Taranucnus setosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863), Titanoeca schineri L. Koch, 1872. Another 19 remarkable species were also found. The finding of one new species for the fauna of the Czech Republic [Sintula spiniger (Balogh, 1935)] and two new for the territory of Moravia [Mermessus trilobatus (Emerton, 1882) and Zelotes exiguus (Müller & Schenkel, 1895)] are the most important.

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Rozwałka, Robert, Tomasz Rutkowski, Paweł Sienkiewicz, and Andrzej Zawal. "Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Poland and its distribution in Europe." Entomologica Fennica 27, no. 1 (February 14, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.55419.

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Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871) is a thermophilic species occurring in southern, western and central Europe. It was excluded from the checklist of Polish spiders because of synonymization issues. This paper corrects the published data and lists new localities in western and central Poland. The sites of Z. erebeus discovered near Swinoujscie, Czarnków and Torun, move northwards the northern range limit of this thermophilous species in Europe. Data on the distribution of this species in eastern Europe and the Caucasus are also corrected - these records relate to the closely related species Z. khostensis Kovblyuk & Ponomarev, 2008. Figures of female and male genitalia of Z. erebeus are presented.

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Nentwig, Wolfgang. "Introduction, establishment rate, pathways and impact of spiders alien to Europe." Biological Invasions 17, no. 9 (May 28, 2015): 2757–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0912-5.

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PENNEY, DAVID, ANDREW MCNEIL, DAVID I. GREEN, ROBERT BRADLEY, YURI M. MARUSIK, PHILIP J. WITHERS, and RICHARD F. PREZIOSI. "A new species of anapid spider (Araneae: Araneoidea, Anapidae) in Eocene Baltic amber, imaged using phase contrast X-ray computed micro-tomography." Zootaxa 2742, no. 1 (January 17, 2011): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2742.1.4.

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A new species of the extant spider family Anapidae is described from a fossil mature male in Eocene amber from the Baltic region and tentatively assigned to the genus Balticoroma Wunderlich, 2004. Phase contrast X-ray computed micro-tomography was used to reveal important features that were impossible to view using traditional microscopy. Balticoroma wheateri new species is easily diagnosed from all other anapids by having clypeal extensions that run parallel to the ectal surface of the chelicerae and in having the metatarsus of the first leg highly reduced and modified into what is presumably a y-shaped clasping structure. Although only a single extant anapid species occurs in northern Europe, the family was diverse in the Eocene. The discovery of yet another anapid species in Baltic amber supports the idea that Eocene European forests may have been a hotspot of evolution for this family of spiders.

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Brescovit, Antonio D., Gilson C. C. Freitas, and Simão D. Vasconcelos. "Spiders from the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Part III: Gnaphosidae (Araneae: Arachnida)." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25, no. 2 (June 2008): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752008000200022.

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The female of Zimiromus hortenciae Buckup & Brescovit, 1993 is described for the first time and Trachyzelotes kulczynskii (Bösemberg, 1902), a species introduced from Europe, is recorded for the first time on the island of Fernando de Noronha, state of Pernambuco. The latter, along with T. lyonneti (Audouim, 1826) recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, is the second species of this genus to be reported from Brazil. The spiders were collected with pitfall traps in five points of the island. Ecological data showed that Gnaphosidae was the fifth best sampled spider family, with 179 specimens, belonging to two species, T. kulczynskii and Z. hortenciae. Trachyzelotes kulczynskii was the most abundant with 118 adults while Z. hortenciae was represented by only 21 adults. Both species were collected during the dry and wet seasons but T. kulczynskii was more abundant during the wet season while Z. hortenciae was more abundant during the dry season. The male:female ratio for the dry season was similar for both species but in the wet season it was three times higher for T. kulczynskii.

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Milano, Filippo, Pedro Cardoso, Stefano Mammola, Helen Smith, and Marco Isaia. "Trends in habitat suitability and conservation status of aquatic spiders in Europe." Biological Conservation 275 (November 2022): 109767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109767.

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Ponomarev, A. V. "NEW AND INTERESTING FINDS OF SPIDERS (ARANEI) IN THE SOUTHEAST OF EUROPE." Vestnik Yuzhnogo nauchnogo tsentra 1, no. 4 (2005): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/1813-4289-2005-1-4-43-50.

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Kozlov, Mikhail V., Marzena Stańska, Izabela Hajdamowicz, Vitali Zverev, and Elena L. Zvereva. "Factors shaping latitudinal patterns in communities of arboreal spiders in northern Europe." Ecography 38, no. 10 (March 9, 2015): 1026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01401.

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RUZICKA, V. "The first steps in subterranean evolution of spiders (Araneae) in Central Europe." Journal of Natural History 33, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002229399300407.

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39

Purgat, Pavol, Peter Gajdoš, Adrián Purkart, Natália Hurajtová, Ľubomír Volnár, and Katarína Krajčovičová. "Walckenaeria stylifrons and Spiracme mongolica (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Thomisidae), two new species to Slovakia." Check List 17, no. 6 (November 22, 2021): 1601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/17.6.1601.

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The spiders Walckenaeria stylifrons (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) and Spiracme mongolica (Schenkel, 1963) are reported from Slovakia for the first time. These new records are based on adult males found in Western Slovakia in xerothermic habitats. The occurrence of W. stylifrons in Slovakia fills the gap in its distribution in Pannonian Basin and between Austria and Ukraine. Spiracme mongolica has been known only from the Balkans and south-eastern part of Europe to central Asia, this is the first record for Central Europe. We suggest Spiracme mongolica (Schenkel, 1963) new combination for Xysticus mongolicus Schenkel, 1963. Characteristic features, photographs of habitus and copulatory organs, and habitats of the new records are presented. 

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Ponomarev, A. V., and A. S. Tsvetkov. "New and rare spiders of family Gnaphosidae (Aranei) from a southeast of Europe." Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 2, no. 1 (2006): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/1814-3326-2006-2-1-5-13.

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Koponen, S., and M. S. Wasbauer. "A NOTE ON THE BIOLOGY OF ANOPLIUS TENUICORNIS (TOURNIER) IN NORTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 119, no. 1 (January 1987): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent119103-1.

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Anoplius tenuicornis (Tournier) is a holarctic species with a broad distribution both in Europe (Wolf 1967) and North America (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985). Despite the widespread occurrence of the species, individuals are not frequently encountered, so it is not surprising that biological information on it has not been available for North America and very little for Europe. Richards and Hamm (1939) gave two fragmentary reports of some significance on A. tenuicornis in England, reported as A. piliventris (Morawitz). In one case, cocoons of the wasp were found in dead thistle stems. In the other, an old burrow of Ectemnius continuus (Fabricius) (Sphecidae) (reported as Solenius) in rotten wood contained a series of wasp cocoons and fragments of clubionid spiders, the presumed prey.

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HARMS, DANILO, and NADINE DUPÉRRÉ. "An annotated type catalogue of the camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg." Zootaxa 4375, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4375.1.1.

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Solifuges are an enigmatic and poorly studied group of arachnids. Commonly referred to as camel spiders or sun spiders, these animals are voracious predators of small animals and found in arid biomes of the Old World and the Americas. In this paper, we provide a catalogue for the solifuges (Arachnida: Solifugae) that are held at the Center of Natural History in Hamburg. The collections in Hamburg are predominantly historical and were accumulated by Karl Kraepelin between 1889 and 1914 with the help of other famous arachnologists such as Ferdinant Karsch and Eugène Simon. The re-study of these collections indicates that there are 38 type species and 65 type specimens from 10 families. We provide a detailed account of this material, including collection data, taxonomic updates, measurements and high-resolution images for species that are either poorly or not at all illustrated. Most specimens (70%) were collected in Africa as part of colonial expeditions or field surveys but there are also types from Western Asia (11%), and North and South America (19%). We provide an overview of the history of this collection, including a summary of the field surveys during which the specimens were collected and the arachnologists who described the material. Overall, this is the third-largest collection of solifuges in Germany with a distinct biogeographical focus and one of the largest collections of camel spiders in Europe.

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Purgat, Pavol, Milan Řezáč, Nela Gloríková, Ján Černecký, Matthew Prince, and Peter Gajdoš. "Altella aussereri, Mimetus laevigatus, and Trichoncyboides simoni (Araneae: Dictynidae, Mimetidae, Linyphiidae), three species of spiders new for Slovakia." Check List 20, no. 3 (June 20, 2024): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/20.3.761.

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Three species of spiders (Araneae), Altella aussereri Thaler, 1990, Mimetus laevigatus (Keyserling, 1863), and Trichoncyboides simoni (Lessert, 1904), are reported from Slovakia for the ﬁrst time. These new records originate from southern Slovakia. The record of A. aussereri provides new data on the distribution and natural history of this range-restricted species of very high conservation value. The records of M. laevigatus and T. simoni in Slovakia extend their known distribution in Central Europe. Characteristic features, pictures of the habitus, copulatory organs, and habitats are presented.

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Dunlop, Jason A., Ulrich Kotthoff, Jörg U. Hammel, Jennifer Ahrens, and Danilo Harms. "Arachnids in Bitterfeld amber: A unique fauna of fossils from the heart of Europe or simply old friends?" Evolutionary Systematics 2, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.2.22581.

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Bitterfeld amber, sometimes referred to as Saxon or Saxonian amber, is a potentially significant but poorly known source of arthropod data for the Palaeogene of northern Europe. An important aspect is a long-standing controversy about the age of this amber: namely whether it is equivalent to, and perhaps merely a southerly extension of, the better-known Baltic amber, or whether it is a unique and geological younger deposit sampling a different fauna. Here, we briefly review the Bitterfeld arachnids with particular emphasis on how these data could be used to elucidate the age of this deposit. Five arachnid orders have been recorded from Bitterfeld amber: spiders (Araneae), acariform mites (Acariformes), parasitiform mites (Parasitiformes), harvestmen (Opiliones) and pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones). This is a lower diversity than Baltic amber, where scorpions (Scorpiones) and camel spiders (Solifugae) have also been recorded. Spiders are the most comprehensively studied group, with more than 75 described species. Other groups such as pseudoscorpions and mites appear to be very diverse, but are virtually undescribed. Morphological overlap is apparent in the arachnid fauna and 40 species are currently shared between Baltic and Bitterfeld amber whilst 50 species are unique to the Bitterfeld deposit. At the family level overlap is even higher, but in all groups Baltic amber appears more diverse than Bitterfeld. This overlap may be interpreted as evidence for temporal conspecifity of the Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers, albeit with the Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers possibly representing independent localities within a larger Eocene European amber area which also included the Rovno amber from the Ukraine. However, caution should be exercised because the taxonomic foundation for such assumptions is far from comprehensive, most of the material remains to be studied in detail using modern techniques of morphological reconstruction. There are further issues with date estimates because some arachnid groups show extraordinary morphological stasis over time, even at species level, which may bias the analyses available. Here, we review the available knowledge on Bitterfeld arachnids and discuss how a detailed assessment of this fauna, and other arthropod taxa, could be generated. Several natural history museums – including Hamburg and Berlin – as well as private collectors host major assemblages of Bitterfeld fossils which may help to clarify the debate about the age and provenance of the material, and the extent to which (morpho)-species were maintained both over geographical distances and potentially geological time.

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Bosmans, Robert, Paolo Pantini, Pamela Loverre, and Rocco Addante. "New species and new records of ant-eating spiders from Mediterranean Europe (Araneae: Zodariidae)." Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters 57, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30963/aramit5703.

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Čejka, Martin, Jaroslav Holuša, and Hana Skokanová. "Mowed orchards of the thermophyticum in Central Europe as vanishing refugia for steppe spiders." Agroforestry Systems 92, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-0026-9.

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LEONG, MISHA, MATTHEW A. BERTONE, KEITH M. BAYLESS, ROBERT R. DUNN, and MICHELLE D. TRAUTWEIN. "The Exoskeletons in our Closets: A synthesis of research from the ‘Arthropods of our Homes’ project in Raleigh, NC." Zoosymposia 12, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.12.1.7.

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The history of people living with insects, spiders and their relatives is long, probably as long as humans have been using fixed domiciles (e.g., caves). Studies of caves inhabited by prehistoric people 26,000 years ago suggest arthropod pests already lived alongside our ancestors in those caves (Araújo et al. 2009). Arthropods are also both abundant and diverse in domestic archaeological sites from agricultural civilizations in Egypt, Israel and Europe (Switzerland and Greenland). Arthropods are especially common in association with stored food products and livestock (Panagiotakopulu 2001; Overgaard Nielsen, Mahler, and Rasmussen 2000; Kislev, Hartmann, and Galili 2004).

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ŘEZÁČ, MILAN, VLASTIMIL RŮŽIČKA, PIERRE OGER, and VERONIKA ŘEZÁČOVÁ. "European species of the Gnaphosa alpica complex (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)." Zootaxa 4370, no. 3 (January 10, 2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4370.3.9.

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Members of the genus Gnaphosa belong to the largest gnaphosid spiders. They are particularly interesting in nature conservation as their distribution is mainly restricted to disappearing natural non-forest habitats. In Europe, several Gnaphosa species groups occur. The exclusively Palaearctic group G. bicolor is characterised by a retrolaterally-shifted embolus, which occupies at least part of the middle one-third of the palpal bulb; females have laterally expanded epigyne and often have very elongated median epigynal ducts (Ovtsharenko et al. 1992). So far four species of this group have been identified in Europe, with a fifth species found in Central Asia (G. tarabaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992). Two of the European species, G. bicolor (Hahn, 1831) and G. badia (L. Koch, 1866), are well known and their taxonomy and nomenclature is stable, but the same does not hold true for the other two.

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Lu, Ying, Chang Chu, Xiao-Qing Zhang, Shu-Qiang Li, and Zhi-Yuan Yao. "Europe vs.China:Pholcus(Araneae,Pholcidae)from Yanshan-Taihang Mountains confirms uneven distribution of spiders in Eurasia." Zoological Research 43, no. 4 (2022): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.4.dwxyj202204005.

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Bell, David, Geoffrey E. Petts, and Jon P. Sadler. "The distribution of spiders in the wooded riparian zone of three rivers in Western Europe." Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 15, no. 1-3 (January 1999): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1646(199901/06)15:1/3<141::aid-rrr536>3.0.co;2-e.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spiders, europe'

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