Journal articles on the topic 'Spice plants – geographical distribution'
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1
Kyselov, Yuriі, and Vladyslav Parakhnenko. "GEOGRAPHICAL PRINCIPLES OF DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE FLORA OF RAILWAYS IN KIROVOHRAD REGION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.5.
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Development of transport capable to overcome distances of the planetary level, was caused to more intensive, than early, expansion allied, especially invasive, species of plants that become concurrent for aboriginal flora. Phytoinvasions are one of the most important geoecological problems of our time, as they disrupt the species composition and structure of natural phytocenoses, ultimately leading to the impoverishment of the plant component of landscapes and the reduction of biodiversity. One of leading factors in the spread of adventitious and, in particular, invasive species is rail transport, as a result of which seeds and organs of plants capable of taking root and gradually displacing the aboriginal flora get in the way.
Although among the invasive flora of Kirovohrad region there are representatives of different systematic groups and life forms of plants, still clearly dominated by angiosperms and - at the same time - herbaceous plants. Main peculiarities of the space differentiation are described by the examples of railway stations of Holovanivsk and Znamianka situated consequently in the West and the East of the Kirovohrad region. The most common representative of the invasive flora of the railways of the studied region is ragweed, also widespread grindelia spread (in the west of the Kirovograd region) and sweet silique (in the east of the region). Of the families of flowering plants, the most widely represented are Aster (Compositae), a significant place is occupied by Cabbage (Cruciferous), Thin-legged (Cereals), Legumes and others.
Factors contributing to the naturalization of invasive species and their rapid displacement of aboriginal flora are various. The main ones are eurybiont, unpretentious to the conditions of the habitat, the significant size of the aboveground phytomass.
The internal diversity in the invasive flora of the region's railways is mainly due to the influence of the factor of the sectoral nature of natural conditions within the territory rather elongated from west to east. Therefore, in the presence of clear common features characterizing the invasive flora of the region, the differences associated with predominance of moisture-loving plants in the western part of the region and drought-resistant plants in the eastern part are noticeable.
The practical use of the study results is associated with the possibility of improving the system of measures to combat phytoinvasions, taking into account the geographical features of the spatial distribution of individual species.
Results of the investigation may be used during realizing tasks of ecologization of land using, especially defining priorities in the struggle with invasive species of the plants of railways. Discovered internal differentiation in expansion different allied species in Kirovohrad region gives a ground for defining the most important factors of distortion natural biodiversity in its different parts. Studying space peculiarities of expansion allied flora has a significance for create concrete actions directed to renewing initial space composition of phytocenosis and landscapes distorted by invasions.
Key words: invasive flora, railway tracks, Kirovohrad region, adventitia, ragweed, grindelia spread, itching eastern.
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Khaytbayeva, Nodira, and Qalandar Bababekov. "Geographical distribution of wheat fusariosis in the central and south regions of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 421 (2023): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342103004.
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The article offers a comprehensive exploration of the geographical distribution of wheat fusarium, focusing on both central and select southern regions within Uzbekistan. The study delves into the symptoms of fusarium disease and elucidates the extent of its impact on crop productivity. Furthermore, it investigates the spread of this disease across diverse soil and climatic conditions within Uzbekistan, spanning the period from 2021 to 2023. The research outcomes underscore critical findings related to fusarium-infected plants. Notably, infected plants exhibit an absence of a budding phase, suggesting a disruption in their growth cycle. Experimental evidence confirms the formation of only one spike from a single plant, emphasizing the negative effects of the disease on plant reproductive structures. The article additionally examines the quantitative aspects of wheat production in relation to fusarium. Findings reveal that fields plagued by the prevalence of fusarium exhibit a lower spike formation rate, with approximately 250-300 spikes forming per square meter. This figure contrasts with healthier plants, which yield a more substantial output, exceeding 400 spikes per square meter. By offering insights into the geographical spread, symptomology, and productivity repercussions of wheat fusarium, this article advances our understanding of the disease’s impact on agricultural systems. The presented results provide valuable information for practitioners seeking effective management strategies against fusarium, ultimately contributing to the maintenance of healthy wheat crops and sustained agricultural productivity.
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Levin, Donald A. "Ancient Dispersals, Propagule Pressure, and Species Selection in Flowering Plants." Systematic Botany 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364406778388692.
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The importance of ancient long-distance migrations in shaping the geographical structure of genera and families is becoming ever more apparent. The long-distance immigrants were not random samples of their floras, but had attributes which made them prime candidates for the intercontinental sweepstakes. High propagule dispersability was one such trait. I propose that these invasive species also must have produced large numbers of propagules across their ranges, by virtue of large population numbers and sizes. They probably were widespread, major elements in their floras. These ideas are supported by the fact that propagule pressure is a prime determinant of a contemporary species' invasion potential, as is the size of its native geographical distribution. I propose that highly dispersable and propagule-rich lineages are likely to have high speciation rates, because access to new regions affords opportunities for ecological and geographical speciation. These lineages also may persist longer, being more broadly distributed in space. The evolutionary advantage of these lineages extends to periods of climatic change.
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Bustamante, Ramiro O., Daniela Quiñones, Milen Duarte, Estefany Goncalves, and Lohengrin A. Cavieres. "Invasive Stages within Alien Species and Hutchinson’s Duality: An Example Using Invasive Plants of the Family Fabaceae in Central Chile." Plants 11, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11081063.
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To understand the factors that limit invasive expansion in alien species, it is critical to predict potential zones of colonization. Climatic niche can be an important way to predict the potential distribution of alien species. This correlation between niche and geographic distribution is called Hutchinson’s duality. A combination of global and regional niches allows four invasive stages to be identified: quasi-equilibrium, local adaptation, colonization and sink stage. We studied the invasive stages of six alien leguminous species either in the niche or the geographical space. In five of the six species, a higher proportion of populations were in the quasi-equilibrium stage. Notably, Acacia species had the highest proportion of populations in local adaptation. This picture changed dramatically when we projected the climatic niche in the geographic space: in all species the colonization stage had the highest proportional projected area, ranging from 50 to 90%. Our results are consistent with Hutchinson’s duality, which predicts that small areas in the niche space can be translated onto large areas of the geographic space. Although the colonization stage accounted for a low proportion of occurrences, in all species, the models predicted the largest areas for this stage. This study complements invasive stages, projecting them in geographic space.
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Kurtz, Deborah, Richard Aspinall, and Katherine Hansen. "Geographical Analysis of the Distribution and Spread of Exotic Plant Species in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 22 (January 1, 1998): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1998.3347.
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The effects of introduced exotic species in natural environments are becoming important issues in conservation biology and natural resource management and recent scientific literature reveals increasing concern regarding the spread of invasive exotic plant species (Allen, 1996; Vitousek et al. 1996; Walker and Smith, 1997). Ecological consequences of these species include increased competition for space, water, and nutrients with native plants (which could result in a decrease in biodiversity), decreased forage quality for native ungulates, and changes in the microenvironments where the establishments took place (Woods, 1997). Sheley et al (1998) list several ecologically and economically detrimental impacts of exotic species. The National Park Service recognizes the need to protect ecosystems from exotic species (National Park Service, 1997) through management based on the ability to predict species distributions and spread, and monitoring in areas that are most susceptible to invasion. Recommended strategies for preventing the spread of exotic species include developing an early warning system to identify and eradicate new infestations of exotic plants in National Parks, and continued inventory and monitoring of exotic plants (National Park Service, 1997). These strategies will be based on assessment of the distribution and spread of exotic plants (National Park Service, 1997) using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies for mapping and monitoring exotic plants, and models to predict the invasiveness and spread of exotic plants. In Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), exotic species are a great concern for park managers (National Park Service, 1997). Of the 1000 species of flowering plants within GTNP, there are also four (possibly five) rare plants that may be threatened as a result of competition with exotics (Wyoming Rare Plant Technical Committee, 1994): Draba borealis (Boreal draba), Epipactis gigantea (Giant helleborine), Lesquerella carinata var. carinata (Keeled bladderpod), Lesquerella paysonni (Payson's bladderpod), and possibly Draba densifolia var. apiculata (Rockcress draba). The continued survival of these sensitive plants in GTNP increases the need for management of exotic plants. GTNP has implemented a classification system for exotic plant species that consists of three priority levels (GTNP, 1997a). Priority 1 species are designated as "noxious" since they are capable of invading natural ecosystems and disrupting or displacing native vegetation. Currently, there are thirteen exotic plant species with a Priority 1 status within GTNP (Table 1 ).
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Liao, Guoxiang, Xiaodan Ning, Yuling Yang, Zongde Wang, Guorong Fan, Xuefang Wang, Dan Fu, et al. "Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of Litsea cubeba in China." Plants 12, no. 21 (November 6, 2023): 3781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12213781.
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Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. is an important woody spice tree in southern China, and its fruit is a rich source of valuable essential oil. We surveyed and sampled L. cubeba germplasm resources from 36 provenances in nine Chinese provinces, and detected rich phenotypic diversity. The survey results showed that plants of SC-KJ, SC-HJ, and SC-LS provenance presented higher leaf area (LA); YN-SM and YN-XC plants had larger thousand-grain fresh weight (TFW); and HN-DX plants had the highest essential oil content (EOC). To explain the large differences in the phenotypes of L. cubeba among different habitats, we used Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression path analysis, and redundancy analysis to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of L. cubeba. It was found that compared to other traits, leaf and fruit traits had more significant geographical distributions, and that leaf phenotypes were correlated to fruit phenotypes. The results showed that elevation, latitude, longitude, total soil porosity (SP), soil bulk density (SBD), and average annual rainfall (AAR, mm) contributed significantly to the phenotypic diversity of L. cubeba. Geographical factors explained a higher percentage of variation in phenotypic diversity than did soil factors and climate factors. Plants of SC-KJ and HN-DX provenances could be important resources for domestication and breeding to develop new high-yielding varieties of this woody aromatic plant. This study describes significant phenotypic differences in L. cubeba related to adaptation to different environments, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of a breeding strategy and for optimizing L. cubeba cultivation.
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Simaika, John P., Michael Samways, and Sven M. Vrdoljak. "Species turnover in plants does not predict turnover in flower-visiting insects." PeerJ 6 (December 21, 2018): e6139. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6139.
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Congruence between plant and insect diversity is considered possibly useful in conservation planning, as the better known plants could be surrogates for the lesser known insects. There has been little quantification of congruence across space, especially in biodiversity rich areas. We compare here species richness, and turnover relationships between plants and flower-visiting insects across space (0.5–80 km) in natural areas of a biodiversity hotspot, the Greater Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. A total of 22,352 anthophile individuals in 198 species and 348 plant species were sampled. A comparison between the plants and anthophiles suggest significant concordance between the two assemblages. However, turnover was weaker in plants than in anthophiles. Plant turnover decreased with greater geographical distance between plot pairs. In contrast, insect turnover remained high with increasing geographical distance between plot pairs. These findings suggest that while patterns of plant diversity and distribution shape flower-visiting insect assemblages, they are not reliable surrogates. The conservation significance of these results is that specialist mutualisms are at greatest risk, and that set-asides on farms would help improve the functional connectivity leading to the maintenance of the full range of mutualisms.
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Trøjelsgaard, Kristian, Pedro Jordano, Daniel W. Carstensen, and Jens M. Olesen. "Geographical variation in mutualistic networks: similarity, turnover and partner fidelity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1802 (March 7, 2015): 20142925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2925.
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Although species and their interactions in unison represent biodiversity and all the ecological and evolutionary processes associated with life, biotic interactions have, contrary to species, rarely been integrated into the concepts of spatial β-diversity. Here, we examine β-diversity of ecological networks by using pollination networks sampled across the Canary Islands. We show that adjacent and distant communities are more and less similar, respectively, in their composition of plants, pollinators and interactions than expected from random distributions. We further show that replacement of species is the major driver of interaction turnover and that this contribution increases with distance. Finally, we quantify that species-specific partner compositions (here called partner fidelity) deviate from random partner use, but vary as a result of ecological and geographical variables. In particular, breakdown of partner fidelity was facilitated by increasing geographical distance, changing abundances and changing linkage levels, but was not related to the geographical distribution of the species. This highlights the importance of space when comparing communities of interacting species and may stimulate a rethinking of the spatial interpretation of interaction networks. Moreover, geographical interaction dynamics and its causes are important in our efforts to anticipate effects of large-scale changes, such as anthropogenic disturbances.
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Lieberman, Bruce S., and Alycia L. Stigall Rode. "Paleobiogeography: Tracking the Coevolution of the Earth and its Biota." Paleontological Society Papers 11 (October 2005): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001200.
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Biogeography is a scientific discipline with a rich intellectual heritage extending back at least to the 18th century, and the discipline figured prominently in the development of ideas on evolution (see review in Lieberman, 2000). During the development of ideas on evolution, an important analogy was recognized between patterns of change in organisms across geographic space and patterns of change in organisms through geological time. For instance, Alfred Russel Wallace argued that, “If we now consider the geographical distribution of animals and plants upon the Earth, we shall find all the facts beautifully in accordance with, and readily explained by, the present hypothesis (Evolution). A country having species, genera, and whole families peculiar to it, will be the necessary result of its having been isolated for a long period…The phenomena of geological distribution are exactly analogous to those of geography. Closely related species are found associated in the same beds, and the change from species to species appears to have been as gradual in time as in space.” (Wallace, 1855 in Brooks, 1984, p. 75). Charles Darwin felt it was important enough to remark in the very introduction to his On the Origin of Species that, “…when on board H.M.S. ‘Beagle,’ as naturalist, I was much struck with certain facts in the distribution of the organic beings inhabiting South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts, as will be seen in the latter chapters of this volume, seemed to throw some light on the origin of species-that mystery of mysteries” (Darwin, 1859, p. 1).
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Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Jesús Herrera-Bravo, Prabhakar Semwal, Sakshi Painuli, Himani Badoni, Shahira M. Ezzat, Mai M. Farid, et al. "Artemisia spp.: An Update on Its Chemical Composition, Pharmacological and Toxicological Profiles." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5628601.
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Artemisia plants are traditional and ethnopharmacologically used to treat several diseases and in addition in food, spices, and beverages. The genus is widely distributed in all continents except the Antarctica, and traditional medicine has been used as antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. This review is aimed at systematizing scientific data on the geographical distribution, chemical composition, and pharmacological and toxicological profiles of the Artemisia genus. Data from the literature on Artemisia plants were taken using electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selected papers for this updated study included data about phytochemicals, preclinical pharmacological experimental studies with molecular mechanisms included, clinical studies, and toxicological and safety data. In addition, ancient texts and books were consulted. The essential oils and phytochemicals of the Artemisia genus have reported important biological activities, among them the artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone, with antimalarial activity. Artemisia absinthium L. is one of the most famous Artemisia spp. due to its use in the production of the absinthe drink which is restricted in most countries because of neurotoxicity. The analyzed studies confirmed that Artemisia plants have many traditional and pharmacological applications. However, scientific data are limited to clinical and toxicological research. Therefore, further research is needed on these aspects to understand the full therapeutic potential and molecular pharmacological mechanisms of this medicinal species.
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Korpelainen, Helena, and Maria Pietiläinen. "What Makes a Good Plant Invader?" Life 13, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071596.
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We explored traits that promote plant invasions. External factors affecting invasion success consist of various abiotic and biotic constraints. How well plants perform under those depends on multiple characteristics, such as life history traits, genetic variation patterns, competitive and dispersal abilities, phenotypic plasticity, resistance, tolerance, and possibly allelopathic interactions. Since the introduction of invasive species is often connected with humans, their geographical distribution and differentiation may not reflect adaptation. However, a lack of adaptation may be compensated for by repeated introductions via mixing genotypes from multiple populations or through novel mutations. As a case study, we used data from the Global Invasive Species Database of IUCN and attempted to reveal factors contributing to invasiveness. The most prevalent features are that the dispersal is strongly human assisted, many species are used as ornamentals, disturbed habitats are favored, and most species are perennial. Distribution features show that the worst invasive species typically have a narrower native distribution, but both groups, i.e., most serious invasive and other listed invasive species, have commonly developed a multicontinental distribution. The change in the multicontinental distribution from 6% to 63% in most serious invasive species reflects their effectiveness in global dispersal and establishment. High proportions of invasive species in both groups have mixed reproduction systems, i.e., they have the ability to propagate both sexually and asexually (57% and 50%, respectively). This provides flexibility for spreading and establishment. A lower proportion of the worst invasive species was mainly/only sexual (23%, often hermaphrodites) when compared to other invasive plants (40%). In the case of sexual reproduction, hermaphroditism combined with self-compatibility may enhance invasiveness, since selfing allows fertilization and recombination even under low population densities. Overall, the ability for asexual propagation and, in the case of sexuality, hermaphroditism, is an asset in the invasion process.
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Robbins, Martha M., Sylvia Ortmann, and Nicole Seiler. "Dietary variability of western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 24, 2022): e0271576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271576.
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Spatial and temporal variability in the availability of food resources will lead to variation in a species’ diet, which can then influence patterns of space use, sociality, and life history characteristics. Despite such potential impacts, little information is available about dietary variability for some species with large geographical ranges. Here we quantify the diet and nutritional content of plants consumed by western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Loango National Park, Gabon over a 2.6 year period and make comparisons with two study sites located 800 km away. The major foods consumed by the Loango gorillas differed greatly from the other two study sites, but gorillas at all three locations spent a similar proportion of feeding time consuming herbaceous vegetation and tree leaves (~ 50%) and fruit (35%). The Loango gorillas spent approximately 10% of feeding time eating nuts, which were not consumed at the other two study sites. Gorillas at those sites spent about 5% of feeding time eating insects, which were not consumed by Loango gorillas. Even though the species composition of the diet differed among the three sites, the nutritional composition of the major food items differed very little, suggesting that western gorillas consume foods of similar nutritional values to meet their dietary needs. This study shows the flexibility of diet of a species with a wide geographic distribution, which has implications for understanding variation in life history characteristics and can be useful for conservation management plans.
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Yerzhanova, Akbota, Akmaral Kassymova, Gulzira Abdikerimova, Manshuk Abdimomynova, Zhuldyz Tashenova, and Elmira Nurlybaeva. "Analysis of the spectral properties of wheat growth in different vegetation periods." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 2 (114) (December 29, 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.249278.
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The article presents a technique for studying space images based on the analysis of the spectral brightness coefficient (SBC) of space images of the earth's surface. Recognition of plant species, soils, and territories using satellite images is an applied task that allows to implement many processes in agriculture and automate the activities of farmers and large farms. The main tool for analyzing satellite imagery data is the clustering of data that uniquely identifies the desired objects and changes associated with various reasons. Based on the data obtained in the course of experiments on obtaining numerical SBC values, the patterns of behavior of the processes of reflection of vegetation, factors that impede the normal growth of plants, and the proposed clustering of the spectral ranges of wave propagation, which can be used to determine the type of objects under consideration, are revealed. Recognition of these causes through the analysis of SBC satellite images will create an information system for monitoring the state of plants and events to eliminate negative causes. SBC data is divided into non-overlapping ranges, i.e. they form clusters reflecting the normal development of plant species and deviations associated with negative causes. If there are deviations, then there is an algorithm that determines the cause of the deviation and proposes an action plan to eliminate the defect. It should be noted that the distribution of the brightness spectra depends on the climatic and geographical conditions of the plant species and is unique for each region. This study refers to the Akmola region, where grain crops are grown
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Khudhair, Ghufran Ahmed. "The extent of Application of Environmentally Friendly Designs in Private Educational Buildings Private Kindergarten/Al-Karkh II as A case Study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012049.
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Abstract A holistic education that deals with teaching methods and the learning environment in which students can be introduced to the concept of sustainability and understand its educational objectives. Thus, the school garden can serve as a tool to introduce students to the features of a sustainable lifestyle, transforming educational buildings into a sustainable job (Papadopoulou 2020) With the growing concern for the environment, it emphasizes the role of the school garden in the educational process, as a tool for environmental education and reconnecting children with nature, Its inclusion in the school curricula made the school garden an integrated educational environment (Sealy, 2001). The research was designed by selecting a sample of private kindergartens in the city of Baghdad for the purposes of the scientific study. The field sites for the study samples, the personal interview, the preparation of distribution maps for private kindergartens, Geographical information systems, and the analysis of architectural plans drawn according to AutoCAD 2019, the data was unloaded using the “Microsoft Office Excel” program. The most important results of the study showed an inverse association between green space and No. of children in The selected private kindergartens and the strength of the association is very weak, not significant, amounting to (-0.6887) while it was found that the alsaaeat althaamina kindergarten possesses a diversity of plants and all kinds of games and conforms to the basic pillars of sustainable designs with a degree of 95%. The square are the two dominant shapes in outer space for all of kindergartens
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Anwar, G., T. Ardha, A. Susatya, S. Saprinurdin, and G. Senoaji. "Diversity of spice plants in the MADAPI Forest, Kerinci Seblat National Park, Rejang Lebong Bengkulu." E3S Web of Conferences 373 (2023): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337305006.
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A study of the potential of spice plants in the Kerinci Seblat National Park area particularly in the MADAPI Forest was conducted to find out the types of the plants as well as their number and abundance. The method used in this research was a survey using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The size of the observation plot was 20mx20m. The total number of observation plots was 80 plots. Based on the observations, it was found 13 types of spice plants from 10 families, mostly dominated by the Zingiberaceae. The abundance value of the plants was low (small). Most types of spice plants in the MADAPI Forest grew in a clumped distribution pattern. The most spice plant species were found in the Pinus merkusii area and the least was in the Aleurites moluccana area.
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Sainbuyan, Bayarsaikhan, Vandansambuu Battsengel, Gantumur Byambakhuu, Ganpurev Dashlegtseg, Vandansambuu Batbayar, Chantsal Narantsetseg, Enkhbold Altanbold, Ganbold Byambabayar, and Batsaikhan Nyamdavaa. "Estimation of the burned area with severity and its influencing factors for wildfire using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery." Geographical Issues 23, no. 01 (February 24, 2023): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/.v23i01.2343.
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Wildfire is a natural disaster that harms human and animal habitats and the socio-economy. Remote sensing techniques are commonly used in the research of natural disasters, natural resources and monitoring. Timely and accurate estimation of the location of forest fires is particularly important for post-fire management and decision-making. Sentinel-2 satellite images of the European Space Agency ‘ESA’ were used to estimate the area affected by forest fires at Bayan-Uul and Bayandun soums in Dornod province, and classified the burn severity levels and comparison with other influencing factors in this study. The normalized burn ratio ‘NBR' and indices on pre-fire and post-fire were calculated. The total burned area was calculated as 58,131.6 ha, and low, moderate-low, moderate-high, and high burn severity levels cover 15,423.7 ha (26.3%), 29,529.4 ha (50.4%), 13,160.2 ha (22.5%), and 18.3 ha (0.03%), respectively. The 87.6% of the burned area is situated in Mongolian territory, while the remaining area (12.4%) belongs to the Russian Federation. Comparing 10 natural and geographical factors that can influence the burn severity and calculating the correlation coefficients by Pearson. Four of them related a positive lower, and six of them related negative lower. The weak relationships of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ‘NDVI’, elevation were 0.4 and 0.23. However, the precipitation correlation was -0.22 (negative weak). The distribution of wildfire is strongly influenced by the wind, and the correlation coefficient demonstrates a negative correlation with no effect on combustion. The conditions of socio-economic and ecological disastrous consequences such as loss of plant species and resources, changes in plant structure, depletion of pasture resources, extinction of rare animals and plants, reduction of forest resources, and large-scale air pollution resulting in the loss of human and animal in post-fire. Therefore, this research is important to due for studying the burning, distribution and, coverage area of the fire, and create conditions for the prevention of future risks.
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Sziklai, I. L., M. Ördögh, E. Molnár, and E. Szabó. "Distribution of trace and minor elements in hungarian spice paprika plants." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 122, no. 2 (June 1988): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02037765.
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AGUIRRE-SANTORO, JULIÁN, KERON C. ST E. CAMPBELL, and GEORGE R. PROCTOR. "A new species of Hohenbergia (Bromeliaceae) endemic to the Dolphin Head Mountains in western Jamaica." Phytotaxa 247, no. 2 (February 19, 2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.247.2.5.
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Recent botanical expeditions to the Dolphin Head Mountains in western Jamaica allowed the collection of different specimens of a new species, Hohenbergia rohan-estyi, an enigmatic plant that resembles the also Jamaican-endemic H. negrilensis. In this study, we describe H. rohan-estyi and include notes on its geographical distribution, habitat, conservation status and taxonomy. The length of the stipes and number of flowers per spike permit the differentiation of H. rohan-estyi from H. negrilensis. In addition, the geographic distributions of these two species do not overlap, as H. rohan-estyi inhabits mountainous forests of the Dolphin Head region while H. negrilensis occurs in coastal areas of western Jamaica. Finally, H. rohan-estyi is the third species of Hohenbergia reported as endemic to the Dolphin Head Mountains, indicating the importance of this area in the evolution and conservation of the genus in Jamaica and the Caribbean.
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Feronica, Celine Vera, and Andree Wijaya Setiawan. "EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN REMPAH UTAMA DI DESA CUKILAN, KECAMATAN SURUH, KABUPATEN SEMARANG." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2023.010.2.20.
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The availability of information regarding the cultivation of spice plants is still limited, so studies are needed to support the development of spice plants. This study aimed to identify land characteristics, land suitability classes and distribution maps, limiting factors and recommendations for the development of spice cultivation. The analytical method used was Location Quotient (LQ), and Shift Share Analysis (SSA) to determine the main spice commodities. Overlay and matching between land characteristic parameters and land suitability criteria through ArcGis software version 10.4. The results of the study obtained two main commodities, namely cardamom, with an LQ of 1.98 and ginger, with an LQ of 1.05. Land suitability classes for cardamon are quite suitable (S2), covering an area of 583.89 ha (94.1%) and marginally suitable (S3), covering an area of 36.87 ha (5.9%) with drainage limiting factors, rainfall, base saturation, slope, CEC, pH, and organic C. Land suitability classes for ginger are moderately suitable (S2) with a land area of 541.71 ha (87.3%) and marginally suitable marginal (S3) covering an area of 79.06 ha (12.7%) with the limiting factors of rainfall, temperature, drainage, slope, base saturation, salinity, CEC, pH, and organic C.
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Purbokurniawan, Siti Hajar Kubangun, Alce Ilona Noya, and Yanuarius Anouw. "Keragaman Jenis Tanaman Pada Dua Sistem Pertanian di Pegunungan Arfak Papua Barat." Cassowary 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/casssowary.cs.v4.i2.103.
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The geographical of Pegunungan Arfak Regency was at 1200 - 2300 meters above sea level, has a mountainous topography, potential for the development of economic highlands crops. The aim this research was to see the diversity of cultivated plant by Arfak people at Arfak mountainous in their field and yard farming system. These studies were conducted at 2 Districts: 1) Anggi: Testega, Bamaha and Kostera Village; 2) Anggi Gida at Tuabiam Village of Pegunungan Arfak Regency. The data collected by survey technique. The results showed there were a diversity of cultivated plants at two different farming system by Arfak people. There were 30 cultivated plants in four villages; consisted of 9 types of carbohydrate plants, 6 types of vegetable plants, 5 types of fruit plants, 8 types of spice plants and 2 types of sweeteners and fresheners. There were 11 crop in fields and 29 crop in yard farming system, respectively.
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Sivakumar, R. "Distribution of 210Po in spice plants cultivated by conventional farming." International Journal of Radiation Biology 98, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2022.2013570.
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Sałata, Bogusław. "The geographical distribution of Taphrinales in Poland." Acta Mycologica 11, no. 1 (November 21, 2014): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1975.003.
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The geographical distribution of the occurrence in Poland of the species of the <i>Taphrinales</i> order was discussed in the paper. Both the distribution of the host plants and the total distribution of these fungi was examined.
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Magill, Robert E., R. Ochyra, P. Szmajda, A. Rusinska, W. Bochenski, K. Karczmarz, and H. Bednarek. "Atlas of Geographical Distribution of Spore-Plants in Poland." Bryologist 94, no. 1 (1991): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243737.
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Hörandl, Elvira. "Geographical Parthenogenesis in Alpine and Arctic Plants." Plants 12, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040844.
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The term “Geographical parthenogenesis” describes the phenomenon that asexual organisms usually occupy larger and more northern distribution areas than their sexual relatives, and tend to colonize previously glaciated areas. Several case studies on alpine and arctic plants confirm the geographical pattern, but the causal factors behind the phenomenon are still unclear. Research of the last decade in several plant families has shed light on the question and evaluated some of the classical evolutionary theories. Results confirmed, in general, that the advantages of uniparental reproduction enable apomictic plants to re-colonize faster in larger and more northern distribution areas. Associated factors like polyploidy seem to contribute mainly to the spatial separation of sexual and asexual cytotypes. Ecological studies suggest a better tolerance of apomicts to colder climates and temperate extremes, whereby epigenetic flexibility and phenotypic plasticity play an important role in occupying ecological niches under harsh conditions. Genotypic diversity appears to be of lesser importance for the distributional success of asexual plants. Classical evolutionary theories like a reduced pressure of biotic interactions in colder climates and hence an advantage to asexuals (Red Queen hypothesis) did not gain support from studies on plants. However, it is also still enigmatic why sexual outcrossing remains the predominant mode of reproduction also in alpine floras. Constraints for the origin of apomixis might play a role. Interestingly, some studies suggest an association of sexuality with abiotic stresses. Light stress in high elevations might explain why most alpine plants retain sexual reproduction despite other environmental factors that would favor apomixis. Directions for future research will be given.
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Moraes, Sávio A. S. N., Carlos E. R. D. Alencar, Sergio M. Q. Lima, and Fúlvio A. M. Freire. "Shape variation of the prawn Macrobrachium jelskii (Palaemonidae: Decapoda) in the Neotropical semiarid drainages: an intra- and inter-basin investigation." Marine and Freshwater Research 72, no. 1 (2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19201.
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The present study aims to show the intra- and inter-basin body-shape variations of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) in Brazilian Neotropical semiarid basins, quantifying relations to address if its occurrence is old and natural or recent and artificial (anthropic). We used a geometric-morphometric tool to explore patterns of shape variation of the cephalothorax, abdomen and cheliped regarding eco-evolutionary traces (sexual dimorphism, hydrodynamism and geographical isolation) among the drainages. The sexual shape dimorphism was observed in cephalothorax and abdomen of females, which presented more horizontally stretched than in males, possibly favouring gonadal development, vitellogenesis and egg attachment. No apparent hydrodynamic trend was observed in the morpho-space. Moreover, no consensus was shown in the morpho-space about the geographic isolation in semiarid basins regarding the three body-structure planes. However, the abdominal plane indicates a low population/basin structure, which can be an indirect reflection of variations of vitellogenesis in eggs modulated by environmental factors. Furthermore, morphometric variations show low phenotypic plasticity, which is supported by the literature, indicating a scenario of non-natural distribution.
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Duffy, Karl J., and Steven D. Johnson. "Specialized mutualisms may constrain the geographical distribution of flowering plants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 2017): 20171841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1841.
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It is commonly assumed that the geographical distributions of plants are governed mainly by abiotic variables. However, interactions with other organisms, such as pollinators, also have the potential to influence plant distributions. To investigate this, we developed niche models for 32 plant taxa that have specialized pollination systems and which are native to a biodiversity hotspot (South Africa). We found that the distributions of these taxa are best explained by a combination of biotic (pollinators) and abiotic factors, rather than by abiotic factors alone. For approximately 66% of these plant taxa, pollinator distributions were the factor that provided the best predictor of their niches. Furthermore, co-occurrence of these plants and their pollinators was generally not explained solely by shared abiotic niches, and thus probably reflects broad-scale positive ecological interactions. These results are consistent with the proposal that pollinator distributions may constrain plant distributions and highlight the general potential for species distributions to be shaped by positive interactions with other species. This has important consequences for predicting how distributions of species might change in the face of loss of their key mutualists.
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Magill, Robert E., R. Ochyra, and P. Szmajda. "Atlas of the Geographical Distribution of Spore Plants in Poland." Bryologist 94, no. 1 (1991): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243742.
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Evans, Alexandra, and Hans Jacquemyn. "Impact of mating system on range size and niche breadth in Epipactis (Orchidaceae)." Annals of Botany 126, no. 7 (July 29, 2020): 1203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa142.
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Abstract Background and Aims The geographical distribution of plant species is linked fundamentally not only to environmental variables, but also to key traits that affect the dispersal, establishment and evolutionary potential of a species. One of the key plant traits that can be expected to affect standing genetic variation, speed of adaptation and the capacity to colonize and establish in new habitats, and therefore niche breadth and range size, is the plant mating system. However, the precise role of the mating system in shaping range size and niche breadth of plant species remains unclear, and different studies have provided contrasting results. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that range size and niche breadth differed with mating system in the orchid genus Epipactis. Methods We modelled the ecological niches of 14 Epipactis species in Europe using occurrence records and environmental satellite data in Maxent. Niche breadth and niche overlap in both geographic and environmental space were calculated from the resulting habitat suitability maps using ENMTools, and geographic range was estimated using α-hull range definition. Habitat suitability, environmental variable contributions and niche metrics were compared among species with different mating systems. Key Results We did not detect significant differences in niche breadth, occurrence probability or geographical range between autogamous and allogamous Epipactis species, although autogamous species demonstrated notably low variation in niche parameters. We also found no significant differences in niche overlap between species with the same mating system or different mating systems. For all Epipactis species, occurrence was strongly associated with land cover, particularly broad-leafed and coniferous forests, and with limestone bedrock. Conclusions These results suggest that the mating system does not necessarily contribute to niche breadth and differentiation, and that other factors (e.g. mycorrhizal specificity) may be more important drivers of range size and niche breadth in Epipactis and orchids in general.
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Trkulja, Vojislav, Mehira Perviz, Petar Mitrović, Mira Vojvodić, and Aleksandra Bulajić. "Species of the genus Alternaria pathogens of vegetable and spice plants from the family Apiaceae." Biljni lekar 48, no. 6 (2020): 586–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2006586t.
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Species of the genus Alternaria are among the most important plant pathogens that occur worldwide on many host plants, as well as plants of the Apiaceae family, including important vegetables such as carrots, parsley, celery, parsnips and fennel, and popular herbs such as anise, cumin, dill, coriander and others. These plants are attacked by different species of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Alternaria, and this paper offers current review of nine different species. However, there is still insufficient information on both these species and the nu-merous interactions between them and their host plants and environmental factors. This information are necessary as the basis for adequate disease control measures and thus enabling successful and profitable cultivation of these high valued crops. Therefore, we present pathogen profiles of A. dauci, A. radicina, A. carotiincultae, A. petroselini, A. selini, A. smyrnii, A. alternata, A. longipes and A. burnsii as pathogens of Apiaceae plants, as well as their full current names and synonyms, taxonomic position, distribution and symptoms these pathogens cause to their host plants, as well as their biology and mode of transmission and spread, with special emphasis on control measures.
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Kumar, Sanjay, Parmod Sharma, Narender Kumar, and Mahesh Kumar Rana. "Spice crops tolerant to salinity and alkalinity." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 16, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/16.2/284-289.
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Tolerance and yield of a crop are complex genetic traits, which are difficult to maintain simultaneously since salt stress may occur as a catastrophic agent, be imposed continuously or intermittently or become gradually more severe. Salinity and alkalinity stress have a major impact on spices in the form of their growth, development and yield.Adverse effects of salinity might be due to ion cytotoxicity and osmatic stress, which disrupt homeostasis in water potential and ionic distribution due to disordering in cohesions of membrane lipids and proteins and influence various physiological and biochemical processes. To review the tolerance of spices to salinity and alkalinity, the present paper collates the existing experimental data sets, establishing the salt tolerance limits under saline or alkali environment either in soil root zone or which is created due to the application of saline or alkali irrigation water for crop production. Studies show that the salt affected areas and saline irrigation water can be utilized satisfactorily to raise forest and fruit tree species, forage grasses, conventional and non-conventional crops, oil seed crops, spice crops of high economic value, petro-crops and flower plants.
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Malkhazova, Svetlana, Tatiana Kotova, Nadezhda Leonova, and Inessa Miklyaeva. "Medicinal plants in atlas mapping." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 3 (2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-3-26-17-25.
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Medicinal plants are an important natural resource of the country, used for medicine and healthcare needs. Cartographic study of the natural resource potential of medicinal plants remains an actual proposal for contemporary ecological geographical and resource researches. The paper concerns the state of medicinal plants mapping in our country, specifics of cartographical display and description. More than 30 scientific reference, popular science complex and special federal and regional atlases including maps of medicinal plants have been published during 1964–2014 period in Russia. Medicinal plants distribution is most fully displayed in the “Atlas of natural ranges and resources of medicinal plants of the USSR”. The Atlas contains about 180 maps of ranges for 234 plants species. Contemporary atlases are represented by the National Atlas of Arctic [2017] and the Medical-Geographical atlas of Russia “Healing springs and plants” [2019] created by scientists of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (the Faculty of Geography). The last atlas contains ranges of officinal plants, permitted by the RF Ministry of Healthcare for usage by scientific medicine. This atlas contains 37 maps of 72 plants’ species (1 : 30 000 000) at the background of the Map of Zones and Altitudinal Types of Vegetation of Russia. This atlas is the first popular science publication containing comprehensive information about state and distribution of officinal plants species, about problems of their use and protection accompanied by physiographic, climatic, biogeographical, medical-geographical maps.
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Vavilov, N. "Geographical regularities in the distribution of the genes of cultivated plants." Comparative Cytogenetics 3, no. 1 (August 6, 2009): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.10.
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TURESSON, GÖTE. "THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE ALPINE ECOTYPE OF SOME EURASIATIC PLANTS." Hereditas 15, no. 3 (July 9, 2010): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1931.tb02556.x.
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Börner, Andreas, Marina Schäfer, Andrea Schmidt, Michael Grau, and Jörn Vorwald. "Associations between geographical origin and morphological characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Plant Genetic Resources 3, no. 3 (December 2005): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200589.
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We report the morphological typing of 13,337 accessions of bread wheat. The individual characters assessed were: awnedness, awn colour, glume colour, presence/absence of glume hairs, spike type, spike density, spike branching, grain colour, stem type (hollow/solid) and presence/absence of ligules. We have associated these morphological data with accession provenance, to analyse global patterns of the traits. Whereas some of the traits (awnedness, awn colour, glume colour, presence/absence of hairs on glumes, stem type) are concentrated in distinct geographical regions, others (spike type, spike density, grain colour, presence/absence of ligules) appear to be randomly distributed. Spike branching was not observed. Possible reasons for the geographical distributions of the characters, in the light of their inheritance, are discussed.
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Burkart, Michael R., and Douglas D. Buhler. "A regional framework for analyzing weed species and assemblage distributions using a geographic information system." Weed Science 45, no. 3 (June 1997): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500093152.
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This paper presents a framework in which the spatial and temporal domain of weed populations can be analyzed using geographically referenced information. The regional framework for analysis is based on the premise that the domain of a weed species or an assemblage of species can be described in terms of the space and time in which they survive. Published maps of the spatial distribution of individual weed species were converted to digital records defining their geographic domain. Digital records were imported into a geographically referenced data system. Assemblage maps were produced by intersecting domains of individual species. The assemblage maps show areas with similar intensity of the occurrence of species selected for analysis. The most intense occurrence of summer annual species, for example, exists in a relatively small area of the Midwest. The framework presented in this paper is a concept for a tool to evaluate, manage, and manipulate weed distribution data at the regional scale. Analysis at the regional scale is a perspective substantially different from the plot or field-scale analysis traditionally used to study and manage weed populations. Regional analysis has application to weed science by increasing the understanding of regional patterns of weed infestation and the factors that regulate them. This information will be useful to the herbicide industry, plant ecologists, resource managers, and agricultural policy makers.
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García-Díaz, Roger Fabian, Edna Fabiola Valdez Hernandez, Leonardo Martínez-Cardenás, Francisco Díaz-Najera, and Sergio Ayvar-Serna. "Diversity and distribution of andean tubers: an agrogeographic analysis." Investigaciones y Estudios - UNA 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.57201/ieuna2313312.
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Andean tubers are a group of basic plants in the security and food sovereignty of Andean community for thousands of years. The conservation of the infra and interspecific diversity of these plants is a strategy for environmental adaptation rooted in the high-Andean cultural identity. Solanum tuberosum, Oxalis tuberosa, Tropaeolum tuberosum and Ullucus tuberosus, have in common that they develop edible modified stems with a wide variety of shapes, colors, and flavors, and these are cultivated in the Andean countries. The high diversity of Andean tuberous species is heterogeneously distributed and concentrated in micro-centers of diversification distributed in South American countries. The aim of this work was to determine the general distribution pattern of the four mentioned species and their agrogeographic nodes. With the coordinates of presence of these four species, registered in the GBIF platform (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), biogeographical methods were applied to model the individual traces that show the distribution pattern of each species and through the intersection of these, a generalized trace that makes visible the distribution patterns of Andean tubers, as well as their agro-geographical nodes. The greatest diversity of the four species is concentrated in these intersections, favoring domestication scenarios. Some micro-centers of diversity identified, correspond to those defined in the investigations of morphological or molecular characterizations. The main nodes were found in Peru and Ecuador between the biogeographic provinces of Puno, in the South American Transition Zone and the Yungas, from the southern Brazilian domain. The study of the geographical distribution patterns of cultivated plants allows to identify the patterns of plant exchange of the human groups involved in their management. The study of the geographical distribution patterns of cultivated plants allows to identify the patterns of plant exchange of the human groups involved in their management.
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Del Egido Mazuelas, Fermín, Emilio Puente García, Francisco Gómiz García, and Elena De Paz Canuria. "De plantis legionensibus. Notula XVIII." Acta Botanica Malacitana 30 (December 1, 2005): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v30i0.7191.
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Elizbarashvili, Nodar, Miranda Gurgenidze, Rusudan Elizbarashvili, and Luiza Bubashvili. "Traditions of Folk Medicine in Georgia and Perspectives of Using Natural Medicinal Plants." Global Journal Of Botanical Science 11 (December 5, 2023): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-858x.2023.11.5.
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The treatment methods and knowledge accumulated in Georgia over the centuries are related to the country's geographical location, diverse nature, traditions, history and knowledge of the use of medicinal products.
The article discusses a brief history of the development of folk medicine in Georgia, the medicinal plants that have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, the biological and landscape diversity of the country, the geographical features of the distribution of some medicinal plants and their main medicinal purpose, the economic importance of medicinal plants and the problems associated with their extraction.
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Колесніков, Л. О., and О. Л. Колеснікова. "Флора Сполучених Штатів Америки та суміжних країн Північної Америки у дендропарку Полтавської державної аграрної академії." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2013.02.05.
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Проведено еколого-географічний аналіз дендрофлори парку Полтавської державної аграрної академії – розподіл флори парку за географічним розповсюдженням. Виконані: генетичний аналіз – розподіл флори за критеріями географічного походження й історії розселення; ботаніко-географічний аналіз – встановлення зв’язків даної флори з іншими флорами. Виділено рослини, що походять із Північноамериканського регіону. Наведено екологічний стандарт цих рослин: вказані їх вимоги щодо едафічних чинників середовища, умов освітленості, температури, фітопатологічна стійкість. Зроблено еколого-фітоценологічний аналіз – розподіл флори за умовами зростання.
Distribution by geographic prevalence was made after the ecological-geographical analysis of dendroflora in Poltava State Agrarian Academy’s park. Completed: generic analysis - the distribution of flora by geographical origin and history of settlement criteria, botanical and geographical analysis – establishing links of arboretum flora with other flora. Highlighted the plants that come from the North American region. Shown the environmental standard for plants: edaphic requirements, conditions of light, temperature, phytopathological stability. Ecological- phytocoenosis analysis was mate for distribution of flora in conditions of growth.
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Mentari, Gaya, and Yuhaswita. "Spread of Traditional Steam Bathing as a Track Identification of Spices in Indonesia." Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/lakon.v11i1.35206.
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Spices are a hot issue that is now being discussed by various groups. The Presence of spices in the archipelago became one of the pioneers for various cultural manifestations that appeared in various regions of the archipelago. One form of the presence of spices that is reflected in this cultural form is the traditional steam bath which is carried out in various regions in the archipelago. This paper tries to examine the traditional steam bath which has the potential to become an intangible cultural heritage in Indonesia. In addition to this potential, traditional steam baths can also be an indicator of the distribution of spice plants in the archipelago from the past to the present. Therefore, this study uses qualitative methods and searches for sources of information from literature studies. The result of the study shows that traditional steam bathing is a spice bath tradition that is spread across ten regions in Indonesia and is dominated by people who have a background of Malay cultural influence.
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Guo, Yanlong, Haiyan Wei, Chunyan Lu, Bei Gao, and Wei Gu. "Predictions of potential geographical distribution and quality ofSchisandra sphenantheraunder climate change." PeerJ 4 (October 20, 2016): e2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2554.
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Climate change will significantly affect plant distribution as well as the quality of medicinal plants. Although numerous studies have analyzed the effect of climate change on future habitats of plants through species distribution models (SDMs), few of them have incorporated the change of effective content of medicinal plants.Schisandra sphenantheraRehd. et Wils. is an endangered traditional Chinese medical plant which is mainly located in the Qinling Mountains. Combining fuzzy theory and a maximum entropy model, we obtained current spatial distribution of quality assessment forS. spenanthera. Moreover, the future quality and distribution ofS. spenantherawere also projected for the periods 2020s, 2050s and 2080s under three different climate change scenarios (SRES-A1B, SRES-A2 and SRES-B1 emission scenarios) described in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). The results showed that the moderately suitable habitat ofS. sphenantheraunder all climate change scenarios remained relatively stable in the study area. The highly suitable habitat ofS. sphenantherawould gradually decrease in the future and a higher decline rate of the highly suitable habitat area would occur under climate change scenarios SRES-A1B and SRES-A2. The result suggested that in the study area, there would be no more highly suitable habitat areas forS. sphenantherawhen the annual mean temperature exceeds 20 °C or its annual precipitation exceeds 1,200 mm. Our results will be influential in the future ecological conservation and management ofS. sphenantheraand can be taken as a reference for habitat suitability assessment research for other medicinal plants.
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Seng Lim, Yun, Siong Lee Koh, and Stella Morris. "Methodology for optimizing geographical distribution and capacities of biomass power plants in Sabah, East Malaysia." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 100–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-03-2013-0011.
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Purpose – Biomass waste can be used as fuel in biomass power plants to generate electricity. It is a type of renewable energy widely available in Malaysia because 12 million tons of the biomass waste is produced every year. At present, only 5 per cent of the total biomass waste in Sabah, one of the states in Malaysia, is used to generate electricity for on-site consumption. The remaining 95 per cent of the biomass waste has not been utilized because the transportation cost for shifting the waste from the plantations to the power plants is substantial, hence making the cost of the biomass generated electricity to be high. Therefore, a methodology is developed and presented in this paper to determine the optimum geographic distribution and capacities of the biomass power plants around a region so that the cost of biomass generated electricity can be minimized. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is able to identify the potential locations of biomass power plants on any locations on a region taking into account the operation and capital costs of the power plants as well as the cost of connecting the power plants to the national grid. The methodology is programmed using Fortran. Findings – This methodology is applied to Sabah using the real data. The results generated from the methodology show the best locations and capacities of biomass power plants in Sabah. There are 20 locations suitable for biomass power plants. The total capacity of these biomass power plants is 4,996 MW with an annual generation of 35,013 GWh. This is sufficient to meet all the electricity demand in Sabah up to 2030. Originality/value – The methodology is an effective tool to determine the best geographic locations and sizes of the biomass power plants around a region.
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Chen, Chao, Qing-Hai Wang, Ju-Ying Wu, Ding Huang, Wei-Hua Zhang, Na Zhao, Xue-Feng Li, and Li-Xue Wang. "Historical introduction, geographical distribution, and biological characteristics of alien plants in China." Biodiversity and Conservation 26, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 353–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1246-z.
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Mammadli, T., D. Ganbarov, and B. Bayramov. "Regularities of Distribution of Feed Plants in the Vegetation of Gunnut-Kapychik Physical-Geographical Region." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2024): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/103/19.
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Feed plants are dynamically utilized by humans. This leads to a decreasing supply of feed plants. Also, considering that feed plants are eaten by animals, it can be observed that the decrease in the supply of these crops is inevitable. For this purpose, we studied the rare species of feed plants in the vegetation of Gunnut-Kapychik physiographic area where we conducted our research. The list of rare species distributed in the area is given by determining the distribution of feed plants in the area by altitudinal belts. Along with internationally recognized categories for determining the status of some important species, rare and endangered in nature, their relationship with the biome is also recorded. First of all, its past and present state in nature, its limiting factors are clarified and included in one of the relevant categories.
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Antar, Guilherme de Medeiros, Elton John de Lírio, Roberto Baptista Pereira Almeida, and Paulo Takeo Sano. "Flora of Espírito Santo, Brazil: Bixaceae." Rodriguésia 74 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202374023.
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Abstract The present study is part of the Flora of Espírito Santo project and aimed to survey and describe the morphological diversity of species of Bixaceae from Espírito Santo state, Brazil, as well as to provide data on geographical distribution, biology, and habitat of these species. To do so, fieldwork was carried out in several areas of Espírito Santo and the most important herbaria collections in the state were examined. Bixaceae in Espírito Santo is represented by the genus Bixa, with two species. Bixa atlantica, recently described and repeatedly misidentified as Bixa arborea, is a forest tree up to 20 m tall (rarely appearing as treelet or shrub in savannah-like vegetation), with spine fruits and lacking nectaries in the pedicel apex. Bixa orellana, on the other hand, is recognized as a shrub or treelet up to 5-6 m tall, with conspicuous nectaries in the pedicel apex. The species origin is uncertain, though it occurs sub-spontaneously in Espírito Santo state, where it is widely cultivated due to its value as a spice. In this paper we provide taxonomic descriptions, an identification key, geographic distribution maps, photographic plates and comments on the ecology, conservation, and recognition of both species.
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Wang, Xinyang, Xavier Morin, Jian Zhang, Guoke Chen, Lingfeng Mao, Yuheng Chen, Zhuqiu Song, Yanjun Du, and Keping Ma. "Geographical patterns and determinants in plant reproductive phenology duration." Frontiers in Plant Science 14 (June 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1199316.
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Biodiversity is and always has been an important issue in ecological research. Biodiversity can reflect niche partitioning among species at several spatial and temporal scales and is generally highest in the tropics. One theory to explain it is that low-latitude tropical ecosystems are dominated by species that are generally only distributed over a narrow area. This principle is known as Rapoport’s rule. One previously unconsidered extension of Rapoport’s rule may be reproductive phenology, where variation in flowering and fruiting length may reflect a temporal range. Herein, we collected reproductive phenology data for more than 20,000 species covering almost all angiosperm species in China. We used a random forest model to quantify the relative role of seven environmental factors on the duration of reproductive phenology. Our results showed that the duration of reproductive phenology decreased with latitude, although there was no obvious change across longitudes. Latitude explained more of the variation in the duration of flowering and fruiting phases in woody plants than in herbaceous plants. Mean annual temperature and the length of the growing season strongly influenced the phenology of herbaceous plants, and average winter temperature and temperature seasonality were important drivers of woody plant phenology. Our result suggests the flowering period of woody plants is sensitive to temperature seasonality, while it does not influence herbaceous plants. By extending Rapoport’s rule to consider the distribution of species in time as well as space, we have provided a novel insight into the mechanisms of maintaining high levels of diversity in low-latitude forests.
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Ayid, Anaam, Sinan Mahmood, Sami Awadh, Mohammed Hamad, and Ali Almehemdi. "MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SOME CULTIVATED SPECIES AND THEIR INVESTMENT ASPECTS IN ANBAR PROVINCE." Iraqi Journal of Desert Studies, June 30, 2021, 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36531/ijds/21110108.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of medicinal plants at the local level has increased in recent times, in both medical and economic terms, and due to the great importance of alternative medicine, it has attracted researchers to study in this area to dispense with chemical treatments and their side effects, this research has dealt with a (Climate, soil, water sources, and vegetation) and human characteristics (population number, age groups and labor force). The second topic dealt with studying the geographical distribution of medicinal plants in Anbar Governorate (desert plants, swamp plants, tree plants, weeds and crops). Furthermore, second chapter studies the appropriate geographical environment for medicinal plants in the governorate and the cultivation seasons for these plants, and the third topic included the medicinal importance of some plants grown in Anbar Governorate in terms of therapeutic and economic terms and the importance of developing this agriculture study of several studies, the first of which is a study of the geography of the governorate in terms of location. And space, boundaries and natural properties. The study focused on update of medicinal plants cultivation and using the condensed agriculture. Moreover, some medicinal plants could tolerate the environmental stresses viz., colocynth and datura. It found that the most cultivated important medicinal and aromatic plants are Baraka seed, dill, fenugreek, fennel, cumin and aniseed.
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Andrianova, T. V. "Septoria lavandulae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 142 (July 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401416.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A description is provided for Septoria lavandulae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Disease of living and withering leaves. The fungus causes small necrotic spots on the lower leaves of young plants (BOUNAURIO et al., 1996). Further development of S. lavandulae retards growth of the whole infected plant and promotes premature defoliation (ZHUKOVA, 1977). HOSTS: Lavandula angustifolia (syn. : L. spica), L. dentata, L. latifolia, L. officinalis, L. pyrenaica, L. stoechas, L. vera (Lamiaceae). [Type host-L. vera.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Madeira. Europe: Bulgaria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sweden, UK, Ukraine. North America: USA (Ohio, Oklahoma). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or splash dispersed conidia from infected bushes (WORMALD, 1925); also from infected plant débris.
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Kiedrzyński, Marcin, Katarzyna M. Zielińska, Iwona Jedrzejczyk, Edyta Kiedrzyńska, Przemysław P. Tomczyk, Agnieszka Rewicz, Monika Rewers, et al. "Tetraploids expanded beyond the mountain niche of their diploid ancestors in the mixed-ploidy grass Festuca amethystina L." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (September 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97767-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOne promising area in understanding the responses of plants to ongoing global climate change is the adaptative effect of polyploidy. This work examines whether there is a coupling between the distribution of cytotypes and their biogeographical niche, and how different niches will affect their potential range. The study uses a range of techniques including flow cytometry, gradient and niche analysis, as well as distribution modelling. In addition, climatic, edaphic and habitat data was used to analyse environmental patterns and potential ranges of cytotypes in the first wide-range study of Festuca amethystina—a mixed-ploidy mountain grass. The populations were found to be ploidy homogeneous and demonstrate a parapatric pattern of cytotype distribution. Potential contact zones have been identified. The tetraploids have a geographically broader distribution than diploids; they also tend to occur at lower altitudes and grow in more diverse climates, geological units and habitats. Moreover, tetraploids have a more extensive potential range, being six-fold larger than diploids. Montane pine forests were found to be a focal environment suitable for both cytotypes, which has a central place in the environmental space of the whole species. Our findings present polyploidy as a visible driver of geographical, ecological and adaptive variation within the species.
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Kozakiewicz, Z. "Aspergillus niger. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 143 (July 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401421.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A description is provided for Aspergillus niger. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Commonly isolated from soils, plant litter, rhizospheres, seeds, dried and ripe fruits, nuts, spices, onions, garlic, tomatoes and other vegetables, cocoa beans and dried fish (DOMSCH et al., 1980; PITT & HOCKING, 1997). Also known from other substrata: leather, radio equipment, paint and diesel fuel (CABI BIOSCIENCE, 1999). DISEASE: On man it has been isolated from eyes (YEHIA et al., 1990), ears (ZAROR et al., 1989), lungs (HALL et al., 1990) and heart (VIVAS, 1998), from immuno-suppressed (BROCHERIOU et al, 1990) and AIDS patients (SINGH et al., 1991). On other vertebrates it has been isolated from the nasal cavity of a dog (SMITH, 1989). On plants it causes black mould disease of onion bulbs and garlic (TANAKA, 1991), serious losses in post-harvest decay of tomatoes and other fresh fruits and kernel rot of cashews (PITT & HOCKING, 1997). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, but with a preference for tropical and subtropical climates.