Journal articles on the topic 'Spice plants – composition'
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Csorba, A., L. Domokos, H. Nagy, D. Cosman, and A. Mihai. "Medical implication of intoxication with legal spice plants in Romania." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71730-8.
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In lasts years in Romania a new challenge for the young appears: the legal spice shops. The promotions of using these substances include the promising like: relaxation, happiness, energy, sexual performance, increasing of social abilities.Aimsevaluation of medical consequences of intoxication with spice plants (Bonsai, “magic charge”, “mariciuca”, Salvia divinorum, Mitragina speciosa and others). The precise composition of substance used was not clear but the known drugs were excluded. Material and method: all patients with diagnosis of intoxication of spice plants, admitted for at least 24 hours in Department of Drug Dependence, in a 3 months period, in 2010 were evaluated, not only concerning psychiatric psychopathology but also for other medical symptoms or diseases.ResultsWe excluded the patients who have used other known drugs, and had positive results in blood and urine analysis. 17 patients used spice plants associate with alcohol less then 0.5%0, coffee or tobacco, 7 patients used only spice plants. The cardiovascular symptoms were present in 53%, gastrointestinal symptoms in 73%, neurological symptoms in 53%, renal symptoms 5%. We verified the personal history of diseases and also co-morbid acute diseases. Psychiatric symptoms were characteristic to substance induced psychotic disorders.ConclusionsThis study wanted to define and underline the specificity of clinical presentation of intoxication with spice plants, being useful to be known in emergency settings. These medical implications of use of this legal spice plants should also involve community, administrative or political actions for prevention of these medical consequences.
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Cvijovic, M., D. Djukic, L. Mandic, G. Acamovic-Djokovic, and M. Pesakovic. "Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of some medicinal and spice plants." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 46, no. 3 (July 2010): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-010-9652-z.
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Sargsyan, M. "Usage of spicy aromatic plants of the flora of Armenia in the national cuisine." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 14, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022367.
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Since ancient times, Armenians have used wild plants in their diet in both fresh and processed forms. Their gastronomic traditions, knowledge about useful plants, and methods of their application have been passed from generation to generation. In this review we analyse the species composition of plants that are used as spices in the national cuisine, how many there are, and what prospects there are for their use. Field surveys were conducted to collect ethnobotanical data of the use of aromatic plants in all of regions in Armenia during the years 2016–2022. 58 informants (42 women and 16 men) were interviewed after obtaining their prior informed oral consent. The informants included farmers, housewives and cooks engaged in preparing the national cuisine. All the informants participated voluntarily and shared their life experience, knowledge received from grandmothers and their professional skills. For the first time, a list of spicy plants of the flora of Armenia which were used in the preparation of national dishes is presented. Some species are no longer used, because classic spices are already available for sale, but some species of plants are still used today as a seasoning in national dishes. In the flora of Armenia there are 142 species of spicy aromatic plants belonging to 115 genera and 46 families. Studies have shown that the largest number of spicy-aromatic plants grow in Central and Southern Armenia (Armeno-Iranian floral province). On the basis of this rich plant resource, it is possible to organize the cultivation of organic spicy plants and spices in order to use them in various branches of the food industry. The recollected knowledge of our ancestors in the area of cheesemaking, winemaking, beermaking, combining centuries of experience with today's new technologies and use of spice plants can be used to develop the country's economy.
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Tamalene, M. Nasir Tamalene, Bahtiar Bahtiar, Suparman Suparman, and Slamet Hariyadi. "Ethnobotany of robusta coffee (coffea canephora pierre ex a. froehner) as a spiced coffee drink of the indigenous people of bale village on halmahera island." Biosfer 16, no. 2 (August 23, 2023): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.28006.
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A study on inherited local knowledge of spiced coffee ethnobotany in processing coffee by the people of Bale Village is necessary to depict the sub-system coffee processing. Bale Village is situated on Halmahera Island. It is one of the villages in the Oba Sub-district, Tidore Kepulauan Regency. The village is known as a producer of coffee bean and coffee powder. This study on local knowledge is an initiative to acquire information on spiced coffee. The research design is a survey design to investigate and document the knowledge of the utilization of spice plants in coffee drinks as a traditional beverage of people in Bale Village. Data are analyzed in a qualitative-thematic manner to describe respondents’ ethnobotanical knowledge and are independent of the researcher’s assessment. The research results indicate that spiced coffee made by the villagers uses six spice plants, namely clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.), red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.), kara benguk (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.), and pandan (Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb.). Stages in the making of spiced coffee with the 5M method include: 1) determine the composition of spiced coffee, 2) grind spiced coffee beans into powder, 3) prepare water, 4) stir the spiced coffee and 5) enjoy the spiced coffee
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Ugo, Chinemerem Henry, Michael Nnaemeka, Ebube Chinwe Arene, Ikenna Kelechi Anyadike, Stella Onyekachi Opara, Perpetua Ngozi Eze, Robert Chibueze Osuji, and Zita Chiamaka Ohiri. "Nutritional Composition, Bioavailability, Medicinal Functions and Uses of Turmeric: A Review." Scholars Bulletin 8, no. 8 (August 25, 2022): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sb.2022.v08i08.003.
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In recent years, studies have placed a greater emphasis on the scientific evaluation of historical plant-based medications, as well as the examination of various plant parts for medicinal and pharmacological significance. In light of cultural histories and ancient medicine from previous decades, which have continued to promote the healing benefits of plants and their extracts, the medicinal values of plants cannot be overstated. Nutraceuticals are the use of therapeutic properties of plants or plant parts to prevent and control illness. The Zingiberaceae family includes Curcuma longa (Turmeric), which is one of the most innovative nutraceuticals. It is widely grown and consumed in India and Asian countries as a shelf-life enhancer and preservative, aromatic, and coloring ingredient. It possesses anti-glycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-viral properties, among other health advantages. For millennia, Curcuma longa has been regarded safe to use as a spice and seasoning.
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Vrancheva, Radka, Ivayla Dincheva, Ina Aneva, Vasil Georgiev, and Atanas Pavlov. "GC-MS-Based Metabolite Profiling of Wild and In Vitro Growing Plants of Satureja Montana L." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.01.18.
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Satureja montana L. is used as a traditional culinary spice in the Balkan Peninsula cuisine, as well as in the folk and traditional medicine for treatment of different diseases. The supply of secondary metabolites from naturally growing plants has many restrictions, such as biomass availability and variations in the chemical composition, which is most strongly affected by seasonal and environmental- mental factors. These disadvantages could be overcome by cultivating plants in optimized and controlled in vitro conditions. The purpose of the current study was to compare the phytochemical compositions of newly developed in vitro plants and intact plants of S. montana used for production of secondary metabolites. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a number of primary (carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids and lipids) and secondary metabolites (phenolic acids) with pharmacological and biological activities beneficial to humans. The results revealed that in vitro S. montana plants are a poten- tial biotechnological matrix for the production of valuable biologically active substances for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Taşkın, Turgut, Mustafa Öksüz, Bünyamin Bulkurcuoğlu, Sebnem Ercelen, Erkan Rayaman, Mizgin Ermanoğlu, Beyza Nur Yılmaz, Duygu Taşkın, Talip Şahin, and Ömer Kılıç. "Chemical Composition and In Vitro Biological Activity of Two Thymus L. Varieties Growing in Turkey." Acta Chimica Slovenica 71, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2023.8314.
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Thymus kotschyanus var. kotschyanus (TKK) and T. kotschyanus var. glabrescens (TKG) varieties were used as both spice and medicine by the people in Turkey. It was determined that plants’ methanol extracts had the strongest antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antiurease activity and high total phenolic contents. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were found to have strong antimicrobial activity. Methanol extracts showed low hemolytic effect against human erythrocytes. It was determined that TKG extract showed higher anti-proliferative effect compared to TKK extract. Both plants extract significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in cancer cells. It was determined that amounts of chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid compounds were similar in both plants, but apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside compound was found in higher amounts in TKK. The findings obtained in this study suggest that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from these two species can be used as antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and antiurease agents. The findings support the traditional use of these species.
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Hernádi, Ildikó, Zita Sasvári, Jana Albrechtová, Miroslav Vosátka, and Katalin Posta. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculant Increases Yield of Spice Pepper and Affects the Indigenous Fungal Community in the Field." HortScience 47, no. 5 (May 2012): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.5.603.
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Although the majority of horticultural crops are mycorrhiza-dependent, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation in plant production has been neglected in high-input agriculture. Field application of a commercial inoculum mix of Glomus spp. was tested in spice pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. longum), cv. Szegedi, cultivation. With polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), differences in small subunit ribosomal RNA genes were used to characterize groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with respect to effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on an indigenous AMF population. The AMF inoculant was able to establish in the rhizosphere of pepper plants and mycorrhizal inoculation increased yield of spice pepper by more than 65% compared with the non-treated control plants. Having relatively high root colonization in the control, non-inoculated treatment indicated high presence of indigenous populations of AMF in the field soil. Although the inoculation affected structure of the resident AM fungal community, it did not influence the composition of AMF associated with pepper roots significantly.
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Nguyen, Thi Van Anh, Van Du Nguyen, Tuan Anh Ha, Van Thanh Bui, Thi Lien Tran, and Tien Dung Nguyen. "Survey on species composition and experience in using edible plants of Thai ethnic in Sop Cop district, Son La province." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, no. 3 (March 25, 2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(3).11-15.
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Through the process of formation and development, communities have gradually accumulated experience in exploiting and using natural resources to serve their lives. Eating is an essential human need, first of all, to survive, and then gradually develop into art. Experience in exploiting and processing edible plants is diverse. In this study, by the botanical research methods combined with the ethnobotanical method, the authors recognised in the Thai ethnic community in Sop Cop district, Son La province 114 edible plant species. In 114 species recorded, 81 species are wild plants (accounting for 71.05%), 43 species are domesticated (37.72%), in which 10 species (8.77%) are semi-wild and domesticated. The group of vegetables is the most diverse with 52 species (45.61%), fruit trees with 39 species (34.21%), spice plants with 21 species (18.42%)... The parts are used also plentiful, with the most fruit with 57 species (50%), leaves, young buds, tubers... There are many special plants, processed to create unique and typical Thai dishes in Sop Cop district, Son La province.
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DONGMO, Olivette Laure Matafack, Herve Tchoumbou TADJOUA, Phelix Bruno TELEFO, Cristian Bianca POCOL, and Sanda ANDREI. "Phytochemical composition, nutritional values, traditional uses of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Ricinodendron heudelotii and their pharmacological activities: an update review." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 1, no. 79 (May 15, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2022.0011.
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The exploration of the use of natural herbals drug, especially plant parts, is a major area of focus. Medicinal plants are being increasingly used to manage a wide numerous ailment. Tetrapleura tetraptera and Ricinodendron heudelotii are known among medicinal plants having beneficial effects due to their several biological activities. The fruits and seeds of these plants are mostly used in many parts of Africa as spice for flavoring soup and making stews. This update review focused on the phytochemical characterization, traditional used, nutritional values and biological activities of these species. Both are known to possess macro-and micro-nutrients. They are rich in majority to the phytochemical’s compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, saponins and alkaloids etc. Their activities have been reported positive by several authors for both alcoholic and aqueous extractions. The plants exhibited appreciable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and good antimicrobial activities against the test microorganisms justifying their broad-spectrum use. The hypolipidaemian, hypocholesterolaemian and hypoglycaemic properties have been proven to be efficacy especially for the plant Tetrapleura tetraptera and much practice remains to be done with Ricinodendron heudelotii. The confirmation of these biological activities is related to the high content of bioactive molecules conferring beneficial properties to plants.
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Ağagündüz, Duygu, Teslime Özge Şahin, Birsen Yılmaz, Kübra Damla Ekenci, Şehriban Duyar Özer, and Raffaele Capasso. "Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Bioactive Metabolites: from Prevention to Novel Therapies of Colorectal Cancer." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1534083.
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The Brassicaceae family, known as cruciferous vegetables, includes many economically important species, mainly edible oil plants, vegetable species, spice plants, and feed plants. Cruciferous vegetables are foods rich in nutritive composition and are also a good source of dietary fiber. Besides, cruciferous vegetables contain various bioactive chemicals known as glucosinolates and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, including sulphur-containing cancer-protective chemicals. Numerous studies have reported that daily intake of sulphurous vegetables helps prevent cancer formation and reduces cancer incidence, especially in colorectal cancer, through various mechanisms. The potential mechanisms of these compounds in preventing cancer in experimental studies are as follows: protecting cells against DNA damage, inactivating carcinogenic substances, showing antiviral and antibacterial effects, triggering apoptosis in cells with disrupted structure, inhibiting tumour cell migration causing metastasis and the development of tumour-feeding vessels (angiogenesis). These beneficial anticancer effects of cruciferous vegetables are generally associated with glucosinolates in their composition and some secondary metabolites, as well as other phenolic compounds, seed oils, and dietary fiber in the literature. This review aims to examine to the roles of cruciferous vegetables and their important bioactive metabolites in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Tafzi, Fitri. "BIOACTIVITY OF CINNAMON (Cinamomum sp)." Indonesian Food Science & Technology Journal 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ifstj.v3i1.10191.
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Abstract-Cinnamon has been widely used as a spice in food and medicine. Cinnamon grow in the Asian region. Indonesia is one of the cinnamon producing countries. The chemical composition of cinnamon plants varies according to the variety, the part of the plant, the place and the climate to grow. The main bioactive component in cinnamon bark is cynnamaldehide. Cynnamaldehide in cinnamon has good physiological effects on body health such as antioxidants, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemicanti-hyperuricemia, and antimicrobial properties. Research is generally still conducted in vitro, clinical trial limited.
Keywords— cinnamon; antioxidant; anticancer; cynnamaldehyde.
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Račková, Lucia, Mária Cupáková, Anton Ťažký, Júlia Mičová, Emil Kolek, and Daniela Košťálová. "Redox properties of ginger extracts: Perspectives of use of Zingiber officinale Rosc. as antidiabetic agent." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0005.
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Abstract In traditional medicine, several medicinal plants or their extracts have been used to treat diabetes. Zingiber officinale Roscoe, known commonly as ginger, is consumed worldwide in cookeries as a spice and flavouring agent. It has been used as the spice and medicine for thousands of years. The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential protective effect of Zingiber officinale Rosc. in a model of oxidative damage to pancreatic β cells. The free radical scavenging activities and composition of the isolated n-hexane and ethanolic extracts were confronted with their protective, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects in INS-1E β cells. Unlike the n-hexane extract (exerting, paradoxically, stronger antiradical capacity), both low cytotoxicity and remarkable protective effects on β cell viability, followed by lowering oxidative stress markers were found for the ethanolic extract Zingiber officinale Rosc. The present study is the first pilot study to assess the protective potential of Zingiber officinale Rosc. in a model of cytotoxic conditions imposed by diabetes in β cells.
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Skoczylas, Joanna, Elżbieta Jędrszczyk, Kinga Dziadek, Ewa Dacewicz, and Aneta Kopeć. "Basic Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Selected Polyphenolic Compounds Profile in Garlic Leaves and Bulbs Collected at Various Stages of Development." Molecules 28, no. 18 (September 16, 2023): 6653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186653.
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Garlic is commonly used as vegetable or spice and as a herb in folklore as well as traditional medicine in many countries. The current study aimed to compare the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and the content of selected polyphenolic compounds in cloves as well as leaves of winter garlic plants of the Harnaś and Ornak cultivars, which are of Polish origin. Garlic was grown from cloves for three years (2018–2020) in the experimental field of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland. The research material was harvested on three dates: May; June, unripe garlic plants; and in July, the plant at full maturity. The content of vitamin C in the fresh material was determined. The proximate analysis was determined in the freeze-dried plants of garlic, and the total carbohydrate content was calculated. The antioxidant activity and the content of selected polyphenolic compounds were also determined. Garlic cloves showed a higher content of dry matter, and total carbohydrates than the leaves of garlic plants. On the other hand, in the leaves, a significantly higher content of protein, total fat and ash were observed. Additionally, garlic leaves were characterised by a higher content of vitamin C, total polyphenols, and a higher antioxidant activity than garlic cloves. The leaves of young garlic plants from the May harvest were distinguished by a higher content of these compounds. The dominant phenolic compounds were catechin and epicatechin. The leaves of young plants can be a valuable source of bioactive substances, especially in early spring.
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Alikhanova, Narmin, and Eldar Novruzov. "Chemical composition and biological activity of Zosima absinthifolia (apiaceae)." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb1266.
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Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link is a perennial herb and is found in Iran, Turkey, Iraq and different countries of the Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia. It is the only member of Zosima genus growing in Azerbaijan. It has been used as a medicinal plant since ancient time in Iran, Turkey and Pakistan. The fruits are used as a food flavoring and as a food spice in Iran. The knowledge of Z. absinthifolia organs containing a great number of bioactive compounds is of high importance. The aim of this study is to sum up literature data on the results of experimental studies of the chemical composition and biological activity of Z. absinthifolia. The results of the chemical study of Z. absinthifolia show that fruits, roots, seeds, flowers and other aboveground parts of plants are rich in various biologically active substances such as coumarins, furocoumarins, pyranocoumarins, flavonoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and etc. Chemical components that isolated from different organs of Z. absinthifolia have allelopathic, high antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other properties. Some of the chemical constituents have substantial pharmacological properties. It is clear that Z. absinthifolia has significant potential for useful natural supplements in many contemporary diseases.
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Mahatma, M. K., Kailashpati Tripathi, S. N. Saxena, and V. Bhardwaj. "Unveiling the nutraceutical potential of seed spices for multifaceted health effects." International Journal of Seed Spices 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2024): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijss.v12i1.2.
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Seed spices, which are traditionally employed for flavor enhancement,coloration and food preservation, have long been recognized for theirmedicinal properties within the domain of traditional medicine systems.Recent advancements in seed spice technology, coupled with expandedknowledge of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties ofthese plants, have spurred comprehensive investigations into theirpotential health benefits. Pioneering experimental research,encompassing both animal studies and human trials, has revealednumerous health-promoting attributes associated with thesecommonplace culinary additives. These investigations have meticulouslydocumented an array of health benefits attributed to seed spices, includingtheir stimulatory effects on digestion, ability to lower lipid levels, influenceon diabetes management, capacity to prevent stone formation, antioxidantproperties, and anti-inflammatory characteristics, as well as their potentialto inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Notably, certain spices havegarnered attention for their profound nutraceutical value due to theircholesterol-lowering and antidiabetic properties, suggesting far-reachingimplications for health enhancement. These advantageous physiologicaleffects not only signify potential nutraceutical applications but also suggestpromising therapeutic interventions across various disease conditions.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the experimentalevidence underpinning the nutraceutical potential inherent in spices.
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Ciesielski, Wojciech, Maciej Gąstoł, Tomasz Girek, Damian Kulawik, Zdzisław Oszczęda, Elżbieta Pisulewska, and Piotr Tomasik. "Specific modulation of flavor and aroma of Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare var. hirtum) and its essential oil." HERBALISM 9, no. 1 (June 16, 2023): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/herb.2023.003.
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Plantations of Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare var. hirtum) were watered with water treated for 30 min with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency either in the air, under nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane or molecular oxygen.The kind of the water influenced the yield and quality of crops in terms of a number of plants, their height, total biomass, total number and mass of leaves. Watering the plants with every kind of the plasma treated water provided essential changes in the composition of isolated essential oil. In such manner the composition of the essential oil could be tailored following the consumer demands, particularly in cases of designing better cure potential for herbal medicine and aromatherapy. The selection of particular kind of the plasma treated water for watering provides essential oil of diverse suitability as the spice and flavouring agent. Regarding the kind of water taken for watering always carvacrol was a dominating component of the essential oil. Application of particular kind of treated water always changed the yield of particular components of the oil up to a total inhibition of its formation but never resulted in formation of novel components.
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Al Dayel, Munirah F., and Fadia El Sherif. "Spirulina platensis Foliar Spraying Curcuma longa Has Improved Growth, Yield, and Curcuminoid Biosynthesis Gene Expression, as Well as Curcuminoid Accumulation." Horticulturae 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060469.
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The application of Spirulina platensis aqueous extract (SAE) in foliar spraying has been shown to promote plant growth and yield, as well as to modify the compositions of bioactive chemicals in various plant species. Curcuma longa is an antioxidant-rich medicinal herb that is used as a spice and culinary additive. The application of a natural plant growth enhancer, SAE, to C. longa plants was used in this study to test the effect of SAE for increasing active chemical production. The effects of SAE on the growth, yield and chemical composition of C. longa were investigated. SAE boosted the C. longa growth, yield and curcuminoid content, with SAE at 2 g/L having the most impact. The CURS-1, -2, -3 and DCS genes were found to be differentially elevated by SAE treatments in this investigation. When the plant was sprayed with SAE at 2 g/L, the curcuminoid content (bisdemethoxycurcumin, dimethoxycurcumin and curcumin) increased, which corresponded with the curcuminoid gene’s expression level.
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Wang, Yang, Li-Ting Zhang, Yi-Xi Feng, Di Zhang, Shan-Shan Guo, Xue Pang, Zhu-Feng Geng, Chao Xi, and Shu-Shan Du. "Comparative evaluation of the chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils from four spice plants (Lauraceae) against stored-product insects." Industrial Crops and Products 140 (November 2019): 111640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111640.
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Dalimunthe, A., M. Muhammad, S. B. Waruwu, M. Rafi, V. E. Kaban, and D. Satria. "Phytochemicals and Proximate Analysis of Litsea Cubeba Lour. Barks." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1188, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1188/1/012012.
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Abstract Indonesia is a country with a lot of spice plant resources. Attarasa (Litsea cubeba L.), which is frequently found in the North Tapanuli area, is one form of spice that can be developed. Attarasa (Litsea cubeba L.) is a Lauraceae plant with varous biological activity such as antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pesticide, antibacterial, anticancer, and neuropharmacology. An estimation of the nutrient composition, phytochemicals and proximate values of plants gives the idea of their nutritional significance. This study aimed to determine phytochemicals and proximate analysis in Litsea cubeba Lour. barks simplex powder. Analysis of phytochemicals were analyzed with thin layer chromatography (TLC) method and proximate (water and ash content, carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber and total fat) were analyzed based on SNI-01-2891-1992. Alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides were found in simplex powder. The water content, ash content, carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber and total fat of simple powder were 8.70%; 1.79%; 41.50%; 8.43%; 35.80% and 0.78% respectively. Simplex powder of Litsea cubeba Lour. barks has contained various of phytochemicals and proximate value.
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CHANDA, S., and N. DIKSHIT. "Garlic (Allium sativum L.): An overview of its biochemical composition, functional properties, ayurvedic, therapeutic and ethnoveterinary uses." Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 45, no. 3 (September 5, 2023): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i3.chanda.
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Garlic is a bulbous herb and one of the oldest cultivated plants. It is used as a food item for culinary purposes and spice and is also regarded as traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Garlic not only adds taste to foods but also helps to make them digestible. It has high nutritional values and possesses different valuable minerals, vitamins and many other substances that contribute health benefits to human beings. It contains sugar, protein, fat, calcium, potassium, phosphorous, sulphur, iodine, fibre, silicon, and vitamins. Furthermore, garlic has many functional benefits like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity. As a result, researchers worldwide are interested in ascertaining garlic's medicinal properties due to its broad-spectrum therapeutic uses in human health. This review explores all aspects of phytochemical, pharmacological and medicinal uses of garlic. Keywords: Garlic, Phytochemical, Therapeutic, Ethnoveterinary uses
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Novikova, L. N., and B. N. Novikov. "STUDY OF PERSPECTIVE BASIL VARIETIES AS SOURCES IN SELECTION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND PRECOCITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTH RUSSIA." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-3-21-24.
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Few vegetable plants are a source of necessary biologically active substances. Special significance is given to spicy cultures, the most common among which is basil gardening (Ocimum basilicum L.). Its plants, possessing a rich and diverse chemical composition, are used in the medical and food industry, fresh and as components of spice mixtures to improve the quality of food. However, the basil culture is not widely spread and its use is limited. To increase the demand and consumption of this vegetable crop, the creation of promising varieties that meet modern market requirements is relevant. At the same time, it is necessary to search for sources of economically valuable traits - productivity, precocity and yield. The aim of the study was to study the collection variety samples of basil and the selection of sources of valuable features for use in breeding work. The initial material served as 72 samples of this culture of various ecological and geographical origin from the VIR collection. In the phase of mass flowering, they differ as early flowering, medium flowering and late flowering. In the phase of ripening seeds – early ripening, mid-ripening and late ripening. Selected sources of valuable features are recommended as a starting material for the selection of garden basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).
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Licina, Vlado, Slavica Jelacic, Damir Beatovic, and Svetlana Antic-Mladenovic. "Mineral composition of different basil (Ocimum spp.) genotypes." Chemical Industry 68, no. 4 (2014): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind130314075l.
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This experiment investigated mineral composition of 13 basil genotypes (Ocimum spp.) in order to find varieties supporting human dietary intake of essential minerals and to evaluate basil genotypes which could serve for herbal production as raw material in pharmaceutical or food processing industry. In addition, this study tested a potential risk of the accumulation of heavy metals during the commercial production of basil on agricultural soil. Mineral composition of basil genotypes was found to be in association with its genetic potential, where some of them can be used in human nutrition as an additional source of several minerals, particularly micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn), which generally improve human immune system. Iron-rich basil genotypes were identified in this experiment, like Compact (3576.0 mg/kg), with Lattuga (1585.6 mg/kg) and Blue spice (1167.9 mg/kg) genotypes, containing more than 1000 mg/kg of Fe in herbal part on dry basil (d.m.). This attract a special attention as a source of iron, especially for humans with low Fe intake, and consequently, for people with low level of hemoglobin. Basil grown on agricultural soil was tested on the accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb), which were not found to be excessive in herbal parts of the plants. Cluster analysis (CA) distinguished Ocmium spp. genotypes in two separate groups. Despite of significant differences among the genotypes, content of Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb made a clear distinction between the clusters.
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Leopold, Jirovetz, Buchbauer Gerhard, Ngassoum Martin B., Essia-Ngang Jean J., Tatsadjieu Leopold N., and Adjoudji Ousman. "Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Plectranthus glandulosus and Cinnumomum zeylrrnicum from Cameroon." Scientia Pharmaceutica 70, no. 1 (March 18, 2002): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.aut-02-11.
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Two aromatic plants have been selected for chemical investigation on account of their antibacterial activities, Plectranthus glandulosus (fresh leaves) and Cinnamomum zeylunicum (dried leaves). P. glandulosus is used as a medicinal plant, while Cinnamomum zeylunicum is used as a common spice in many recipes in Cameroon. The essential oils of the plants have been obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus, the yields of oils are about 0.3% and 2.0% respectively.The essential oil of P. glandulosus contains mainly β-thujone (about 31%), p-cymen-8-01 (about 25%) and neral (about 10%) and the essential oil of C. zcylcinicum is characterised by a high percentage of eugenol (85%).These essential oils have been tested against three strains of bacteria, namely Pseudornonas fluorescens. Escherichiu coli and Staphylococcus aureus; qualitative tests (diffusion through solid medium) and quantitative tests (dilution method) have been carried out. P. fluorescens shows a higher resistance to the two oils (MIC values not less than 5000 ppm). E. coli is more sensitive to these oils, while against S uureus the essential oil of C. zcylcinicum still shows a high activity (3500 ppm).The antibacterial activities of the essential oils could be attributed to the components eugenol as the active component of C. zcylcinicum and β-thujone and p-cymen-4-01 of the essential oil of P. glandulosus.
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Miedzianka, Joanna, Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska, Agnieszka Nemś, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, and Agnieszka Kita. "Comparative Evaluation of the Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Nutritive Properties and Potential Bioaccessibility of Plant Seeds and Algae Rich in Protein and Polyphenolic Compounds." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 14, 2022): 8136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168136.
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Spice plants are not only a source of nutrition compounds but also supply secondary plant metabolites, such as polyphenols. Therefore, their bioaccessibility is an important issue. In order to understand the biological activity of polyphenols present in spice plants, it is necessary to broaden knowledge about the factors influencing their bioaccessibility, including nutritional factors. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the antioxidative and antimicrobial nutritive properties and potential bioaccessibility of plant seeds and microalgae rich in protein and polyphenolic compounds. Plant seeds rich in protein—i.e., black cumin, milk thistle, fenugreek, almonds, white sesame, white mustard, eggfruit and the two most popular algae, chlorella and spirulina—were analyzed for total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant properties (ABTS, FRAP), as well as their potential bioaccessibility, antimicrobial activity, basic chemical composition and amino acid profiles. With regard to the TPC, the highest levels were found in star anise, followed by milk thistle, white mustard and fenugreek, whereas the lowest were noted in white sesame, almonds, eggfruit, spirulina and chlorella. White mustard and milk thistle showed the highest antioxidant capacities and almonds, eggfruit, spirulina, and chlorella the lowest according to the ABTS and FRAP assays. The widest spectrum of microbial growth inhibition was detected for fenugreek extract, which showed antimicrobial activity against four analyzed microorganisms: B. subtilis, P. mirabilis, V. harveyi and C. albicans. The protein from seeds of black cumin, milk thistle, white mustard and eggfruit and chlorella was not limited by any essential amino acids. Among all analyzed plants, fenugreek seeds were judged to have potential for use in food formulation operations in view of their antioxidant activity and amino acid profile. Based on the results, intake of polyphenols together with protein in plant seeds does not have a major impact on the potential bioaccessibility of a range of polyphenols and phenolic metabolites.
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Long, Yiyang, Han Tao, Shiyu Wang, Bingcong Xing, Zhineng Wang, Kexin Liu, Qingsong Shao, and Fei Gao. "Identification and Functional Validation of Two Novel Antioxidant Peptides in Saffron." Antioxidants 13, no. 3 (March 20, 2024): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030378.
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Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is one of the most expensive spices in the world, boasting rich medicinal and edible value. However, the effective development of active natural substances in saffron is still limited. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the saffron stigma protein, and the main effect peptides have not been identified. In this study, the total protein composition of saffron stigmas was analyzed, and two main antioxidant peptides (DGGSDYLGK and VDPYFNK) were identified, which showed high antioxidant activity. Then, the stability of two peptides was further evaluated. Furthermore, our results suggested that these two peptides may protect HepG2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by significantly improving the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Collectively, we identified two peptides screened from the saffron protein possessing good antioxidant activity and stability, making them promising candidates for use as functional foods, etc., for health promotion. Our findings indicated that proteomic analysis together with peptide identification is a good method for exploitation and utilization of spice plants.
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Czerwonka, Małgorzata, and Agnieszka Białek. "Fatty Acid Composition of Pseudocereals and Seeds Used as Functional Food Ingredients." Life 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010217.
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In recent times, the popularity of seeds, other than cereals, in the diet has systematically grown. The fat contained in these products significantly affects their energy value as well as their biological and physicochemical properties, including their susceptibility to oxidation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the fat concentration and fatty acid (FA) composition of popular non-spice seeds used in food as a substitute for cereals or a functional additive. The research material consisted of thirteen groups of seeds derived from the following plants: amaranth, blue poppy, buckwheat, chia, flax, hemp, canihua, milk thistle, pumpkin, plantago, quinoa, sesame, and sunflower. The fat contents and fatty acid profiles differed significantly between the tested products and were dependent on the plant species. In all products, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, 40–80% of total FAs) dominated. Linoleic acid was the main FAs in most tested seeds. The exceptions were chia and flax seeds, which were characterized by very high contents of α-linolenic acid, respectively, 62.0 and 51.4% of the total FAs. The share of monounsaturated FAs (mainly oleic acid) in the total FAs content was between 6 and 40%. All tested seeds (especially flax, chia, and hemp) have favorable values for their indexes of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity as well as the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio.
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Xie, Peiwu, Qiyi Yang, Jielian Chen, Tieyao Tu, Huiming Lian, Boxiang He, and Yanling Cai. "Unpredictable Chemical Diversity of Essential Oils in Cinnamomum burmanni (Lauraceae) Living Collections: Beyond Maternally Inherited Phylogenetic Relationships." Molecules 29, no. 6 (March 8, 2024): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061206.
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The genus Cinnamomum encompasses diverse species with various applications, particularly in traditional medicine and spice production. This study focuses on Cinnamomum burmanni, specifically on a high-D-borneol-content chemotype, known as the Meipian Tree, in Guangdong Province, South China. This research explores essential oil diversity, chemotypes, and chloroplast genomic diversity among 28 C. burmanni samples collected from botanical gardens. Essential oils were analyzed, and chemotypes classified using GC-MS and statistical methods. Plastome assembly and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to reveal genetic relationships. Results showed distinct chemotypes, including eucalyptol and borneol types, with notable variations in essential oil composition. The chloroplast genome exhibited conserved features, with phylogenetic analysis revealing three major clades. Borneol-rich individuals in clade II suggested a potential maternal inheritance pattern. However, phylogenetic signals revealed that the composition of essential oils is weakly correlated with plastome phylogeny. The study underscores the importance of botanical gardens in preserving genetic and chemical diversity, offering insights for sustainable resource utilization and selective breeding of high-yield mother plants of C. burmanni.
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Nguyen, Nhan Trung, Truong Nhat Van Do, An Phu Thi Do, and Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen. "Establishing pinostrobin reference standard for quantitative analysis of the rhizomes of Boesenbergia pandurata." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i4.948.
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Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb. Schlecht. (Zingiberaceae), called ``Ngai bun'' in Viet Nam, is one of the Southeast Asian medicinal plants and its rhizomes are used primarily as a spice. This is a perennial, short-stemmed plant, formed by leaf sheaths and can grow up to 50 cm. The leaves are 7-11 cm wide and 25-50 cm long. Its rhizome surfaces are light brown in color, the inner rhizome is yellow, oval-shaped, and has a very aromatic odor. In folklore, Boesenbergia pandurata rhizomes are used as a spice for food processing. This plant contains pinostrobin as the major constituents. Previously showed that pinostrobin compound is the main ingredient together with a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, inhibition of free radicals, ... Pinostrobin is necessary composition for the screening, testing, and quality evaluation of the rhizomes of B. pandurata species and others in the Zingiberaceae family. This research had conducted a reference standard of pinostrobin isolated from the rhizomes of B. pandurata had 99.26 % purity, which is reliable in medicinal testing. An HPLC method for pinostrobin determination was conducted and The quantitative HPLC analysis was validated for system suitability, selectivity, linearity ranges, and precision. Application of the process to investigate the preparation of extract shown that reflux extraction with ethanol obtained the highest pinostrobin content with 22.05 % in extracts and 2.89 % in dried rhizomes of B. pandurata.
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Nurzyńska-Wierdak, Renata. "Essential oil composition of the coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) herb depending on the development stage." Acta Agrobotanica 66, no. 1 (2013): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2013.006.
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The herbal material of <em>Coriandrum sativum </em>is the fruit. Fresh herb is also used as an aromatic spice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the content and chemical composition of coriander herb obtained at different plant growth stages. Coriander plants were grown in a glasshouse, the herb was harvested at the initial stage of flowering and from regrowing shoots. Essential oil extraction from the herb was performed by the hydrodistillation method, whereas the assessment of the chemical composition – using GC-MS method. The examined material contained 0.17–0.29 ml × 100g<sup>-1</sup> of essential oil, depending on the stage of plant development when the harvest was done. 61 (generative phase) and 65 (vegetative phase) compounds were found in the examined coriander oil. The essential oil from the coriander herb contained the highest amount of aliphatic aldehydes, among which was decanal, <em>E</em>-2-dodecanol and <em>E</em>-2-decenol had the highest percentages. The contents of most aliphatic aldehydes decreased with each subsequent harvest of the herb. In addition to the above-mentioned aliphatic aldehydes, the presence of linalool, phytol, and oleic acid was found in the essential oil extracted from the coriander herb.
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Agnihotri, Vasudha, Sarla Shashni, and Manish Tripathi. "Morphological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Carum carvi (Caraway) and Bunium persicum (Black Caraway) Seeds: A Review." Journal of Food Engineering and Technology 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jfet.2024.13.1.25.
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Carum carvi and Bunium persicum belongs to Apiaceae family. Both the species are medicinally important and has been used as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, to treat heart problems, spice, condiments and breath freshener or lotions industries etc. Due to morphological similarities, the adulterations are being observed, so it is essential to understand the morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of both the seeds. The plants look similar with approximately similar flower colour. Most prominent difference is in root structure. The roots of C. carvi are fleshy, fusiform tap while that of B. persicum is tuberous. C.carvi seeds are larger than that of B. persicum, with comparatively lighter brown colour. The seeds of C. carvi are sickle shaped while the seeds of the B. persicum are cylindrical in shape. Chemical composition of essential oil is approximately similar with variation in the percentage content of various compounds. Both the seeds are used for food preparation with some variation in their utilization due to difference in their aroma.
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DARWATI, IRENG, MONO RAHARDJO, and ROSITA SMD. "PRODUKTIVITAS SOM JAWA (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) PADA BEBERAPA KOMPOSISI BAHAN ORGANIK." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 6, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v6n1.2000.1-4.
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<p><strong>Productivity of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. on several of organ ics matter composition</strong></p><p>Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. is a tuber producing crop To produce (he optimum yield Ihe crop needs the soil with good physical properties and fertility The soil conditions may be improved by applying organic matter. An experiment was conducted to evaluate Ihe effect of the composition of organic matter (compost, stable manure and casting) on tuber yield of talinum. The experiment was carried out at the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crop. Bogor. from September 1996 to September 1997. in a randomized block designed with four replications. The treatments evaluated were Ihe ratio of soil organic matter, i.e (I) soil, (2) soil + stable manure (3:1); (3) soil + casting (3:1); (4) soil + bamboo leaf compost (3:1): (5) soil + casting + bamboo leaf compost (6:1:1); (6) soil + stable manure + bamboo leaf compost (6:1:1); (7) soil + stable manure ♦ casting (6:1:1). Seedling was planted in polybag containing 20 kg of tested media Plants were applied with I g urea, 3 g TSP and 3 g KCI/polybag as basal dressing, while 2 g of urea was applied as top dressing at 3 months after planting. Plants were harvested at I year after planting Result of experiment found thai 3 kinds of organic matter treatments could increase Ihe number, fresh weight, and dry weight of tuber The highest tuber production were 165.40 g fresh/plant and 26.75 g dried/plant resulted from soil and casting treatment (3 I).</p>
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N’zebo, N’zebo Jean-Michel, Amedée Pascal Ahi, Kouakou Martin Dje, Aka Faustin Kabran, and Lucien Patrice Kouamé. "Chemical Composition and mineral bioavailability of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach & Thonn.) Taub. Fruit Pulp Consumed as Spice in South-eastern Côte d’Ivoire." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 11 (November 22, 2019): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i11.1817-1824.2662.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and mineral bioavailability of T. tetraptera fruit pulp, an aromatic wild edible plant, using standard methods. The pulp were extracted from mature dried fruits obtained from plants at Awabo (5°30’14.2”N and 4°01’30.6”W) and Loviguié villages (5°48’24.5’’N and 4°20’15.8”W), all in south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire. The results of chemical analysis revealed that T. tetraptera fruit pulp contains carbohydrates (63.73±0.51%), crude protein (7.01±0.66%), crude fat (1.18±0.01%), ash (5.38±0.18%), fibre (11.78±0.02%), moisture (40.52±0.18%) and an energy value of 254.74±0.15 kcal/100g. Besides, the results showed a relative high amount of vitamin A (2.11±0.02%) and vitamin B9 (261.78±0.01 µg/100g) while vitamin E, B1 and B2 in trace concentration. Otherwise, the phytochemical analysis (mg/100g) based on dry weight revealed an appreciable amount of total phenol (2407.10±8.36), flavonoids (14.29±0.56), tannins (55.11±0.44), catechin (392.93±1.01) and also carotenoids (108.19±7.42 µg/100g). Organic acids profile (mg/100mL) showed citric acid (175.06±0.02) and salicylic acid (109.85±0.01) as major organic acids. Mineral composition (mg/100g) on dry weight basis revealed that potassium (1303.67±0.58) is the most abundant followed by phosphorus (303.33±5.77), calcium (187.33±0.58) and magnesium (141.33±0.57). Furthermore, the Phytates:Zn, Phytates:Ca, Oxalates:Ca and Phytates*Ca:Zn molar ratios recorded were all below than recommended threshold values, implying a bioavailability of zinc and calcium. These data indicate that the pulp of this fruit could be a good source of ingredient for both medicine and food industries in production.
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Ciesielska, Katarzyna, Ciesielski Ciesielski, Damian Kulawik, Zdzisław Oszczęda, Elżbieta Pisulewska, and Piotr Tomasik. "Specific way of controlling yield and quality of crops of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) and tailoring some of its functional properties." HERBALISM 9, no. 1 (June 16, 2023): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/herb.2023.002.
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Plantations of rocket were watered with water treated for 30 min with low temperature, low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency (LPGP) either in the air (LPGPA), under nitrogen (LPGPN) or carbon dioxide (LPGPC). Watering with LPGPN offered the lushest plants. The kind of the plasma treated water had a minor effect on rooting of the plants. Always watering rocket provided higher yield of crops and watering with LPGPN was the most beneficial in this respect. The watering with the LPGP treated water, regardless its kind, decreased the level of fat in the crops by approximately 14%. Simultaneously, it was meaningless for the level of carbohydrates and slightly increased the level of proteins. All kinds of the LPGP-treated water increased the level of chlorophyll a but LPGPA and LPGPC decreased the level of chlorophyll b. The watering provided crops of a higher level of carotenoids, ascorbicacid and sulphur containing compounds. Watering with LPGPN was the most beneficial in this respect. Such watering influenced also composition of the essential oils extracted from the leaves. No novel components were found in the extracts butthe yield of some components was essentially influenced. Therefore, functional properties of the essential oil suitable as either a spice, flavoring agent and a cure useful in herbal medicine and aromatherapy could be tailored.
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Najar, Basma, Laura Pistelli, Ilaria Marchioni, and Luisa Pistelli. "Valorization of a Waste Product of Edible Flowers: Volatile Characterization of Leaves." Molecules 27, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072172.
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(1) Background: The leaves of some plants are reported for their culinary uses, while in edible flowers, they are one of the discarded products in the supply chain. We investigated the volatile profile (VP) and the essential oil (EO) compositions of leaves from 12 Lamiaceae species, of which nine belong to the Mentheae tribe and three to the Ocimeae tribe. (2) Methods: Phytochemical analyses were performed using a GC-MS instrument. (3) Results: More than 53% of the Ocimeae tribe VP was represented by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SH), followed by phenylpropanoids, except for O. × citriodorum, where oxygenated monoterpenes (OM) were the second main class. OM prevailed in six species of the Mentheae tribe except for Agastache ‘Arcado Pink’, Salvia discolor, and S. microphylla, where SH dominated. The EO composition of Ocimeae tribe showed a similar behavior to that of VP concerning the predominant classes. O. basilicum ‘Blue Spice’ (Ob-BS) was an exception, since it showed oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS: 29.6%) as a second principal class. Sesquiterpene compounds were also present in a high amount in two species of the Salviinae subtribe (S. microphylla and S. discolor) and two of the Nepetinae subtribe (Nepeta × faasenii and A. ‘Arcado Pink’). The remaining species of the Mentheae tribe were characterized by OM. (4) Conclusions: Many of the main compounds found were reported for their importance in human health and thus are important as ingredients in several new industrial products.
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Rivelli, Anna Rita, and Susanna De Maria. "Exploring the physiological and agronomic response of Armoracia rusticana grown in rainfed Mediterranean conditions." Italian Journal of Agronomy 14, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2019.1445.
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Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial plant, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, whose roots are widely used as a cooking spice and flavouring agent across the world and has recently acquired considerable scientific interest due to the richness of phytochemicals. Aim of the study was to explore water relations in plants grown in pots and subject to severe stress conditions and gas exchange, plant growth, and agronomic characteristics of two horseradish accessions grown in open field under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Total and osmotic leaf water potential were significantly reduced by water stress to a similar extent at predawn and middle day. The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) (on average –34.2 and –28.9‰ in leaves and roots, respectively) resulted statistically different among water stress treatments in leaves collected at middle day. In open field, during the vegetative development, plants regulate the foliage expansion depending on rainfall distribution and temperature. When the dry period occurs, plants get rid of several mature leaves that dry completely, and might develop new leaves in the next period, when the air-cools and rainfall increases. During the dry period, horseradish optimised gas exchange during the day by increasing the net CO2 assimilation rate during the early morning (up to 31 μmol CO2 m–2s–1, on average), when the sunlight intensity and the air temperature conditions are more favourable. The species, which rely on an annual rainfall of about 680 mm, produced about 11.5 and 24.3 t/ha of roots from one- and two-year-old plantations, respectively. Regardless of accessions, close relationships were found between the number of leaves and root weight (R2=0.88 and P≤0.01) and diameter (R2=0.82 and P≤0.01). The results advise the importance to know the physiology and agronomic characteristics of horseradish to purposefully apply agronomic practices and strategies to maximise benefits for production and root quality.
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Atchan, Achille Parfait Nwakiban, Orissa Charlène Monthe, Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue, Yeshvanthi Singh, Shilpa Talkad Shivashankara, Moorthy Karthika Selvi, Gabriel Agbor Agbor, et al. "Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Activities, and Phytochemical Characterization of Edible Plants Exerting Synergistic Effects in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells." Antioxidants 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030591.
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Dietary bioactive compounds from natural sources (e.g., herbal medicines, foods) are known to potentially suppress acute or chronic inflammation and promote the effectiveness of treatment to reduce the harmful effects of gastritis alone or in combination. In this regard, we have characterized four Cameroonian spice extracts, namely Aframomum citratum, Dichrostachys glomerata, Tetrapleura tetraptera, and Xylopia parviflora through reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses and investigated their antioxidant and synergistic anti-inflammatory activities in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and gastric epithelial (GES-1) cells. The extracts showed a high amount of total phenolic (TPC: 150–290 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of extract) and flavonoid content (TFC: 35–115 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g of extract) with antioxidant properties in a cell-free system (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50s) ≤ 45 µg/mL; 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50s) ≤ 29 µg/mL. The extracts in combination (MIX) exert a synergistic beneficial effect (combination index (CIs) < 1 and dose reduction index (DRIs) > 1) on inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-8 and -6 release, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) driven transcription) in human gastric epithelial cells, which may result from the presence of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids) or other compounds (protein, lipid, aromatic, and polysaccharide compounds) tentatively identified in the extracts. The general findings of the present study provide supporting evidence on the chemical composition of four Cameroonian dietary plants and their significant synergistic inhibitory activities on inflammatory markers of gastric epithelial cells.
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Kauppinen, Sanna. "Sea Buckthorn Leaves and the Novel Food Evaluation." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 3 (June 27, 2017): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2017-0019.
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AbstractNovel food means any food that was not used for human consumption to a significant degree within the European Union before 1997. The novel food regulation (EC) 258/97 concerns also foods and food ingredients consisting of or isolated from plants, except the food having a history of safe food use within the European Union before 1997. According to the knowledge thus far, sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) leaves have not been used to a significant degree as food, food supplement, or spice in European Union before 1997. The new regulation on novel foods (EU) No. 2015/2283 (Anonymous, 2015) comes into force in the beginning of 2018. After that also history of safe use in a third country is accepted as information of its traditional use. This means continued use for at least 25 years in the customary diet of a significant number of people. Novel food application has to include the description of the product, production process, characteristics and composition, proposed uses and use levels, anticipated intake, history of its use, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, nutritional and toxicological information and allergenicity. Sea buckthorn leaves have been under active research lately and a lot of information is already available, but safety assessment required for novel food evaluation may still be needed.
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Barreto de Oliveira, Juliane, Diana Lemos Faria, Daniel Fernandes Duarte, Ricardo Egipto, Olga Laureano, Rogério de Castro, Giuliano Elias Pereira, and Jorge Manuel Ricardo-da-Silva. "Effect of the harvest season on phenolic composition and oenological parameters of grapes and wines cv. ‘Touriga Nacional’ (Vitis vinifera L.) produced under tropical semi-arid climate, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 33, no. 2 (2018): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20183302145.
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The northeastern region of São Francisco Valley is the third largest wine producer in Brazil, differentiated by the production of at least two harvests per year, generally in the first and second semesters, respectively. The productive cycle of the vine in the first semester is higher than in the second semester, mainly due to differences in temperature, with maximum and average temperatures of approximately 30 ºC and 26 ºC, respectively. Second semester is characterized by higher temperatures (summer season) and that promote a rapid maturation of the grapes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenolic composition, other oenological parameters and the sensorial profile of grapes and wines of cv. 'Touriga Nacional' (Vitis vinifera L.), characterizing grapes and wines from four harvest seasons, two of them referring to the first half of the year and two referring to the second half of the year, using a broad analytical approach. The experimental design consisted of three randomized blocks, with sixty plants marked in different lines and positions (twenty plants in each block at the beginning, middle and end of the vineyard). The results showed that there was a harvesting effect for some of the grape chemical compounds (monomeric anthocyanins, organic acids, condensed tannins and monomeric flavanols, for example) as well as in wines (calcium, monomeric anthocyanins, condensed tannins and monomeric flavanols). Regarding the sensorial profile of the wines, it was possible to observe that higher scores were attributed to floral aroma in wines from the first harvest (first half of the year). Fruity, spice and empyreumatic aromas were higher in wines from second harvest season (second half of the year). For other attributes, there was a tendency for higher variations between the period of study (2014 – 2017) than between the harvest seasons.
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Kwaśniewska-Karolak, Izabella, and Radosław Mostowski. "Effect of different drying processes on an antioxidant potential of three species of the Lamiaceae family." Herba Polonica 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2021-0004.
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Summary Introduction: Spice plants are a rich source of biologically active compounds. Processes of drying, limits the development of microorganisms and biochemical reactions in raw herbs, at the same time modifies their chemical composition. Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of drying process of selected plants on their anti-oxidant potential and the content of biologically active compounds. Methods: The herbal materials thyme herb (Thymus vulgaris L.), sage leaves (Salvia officinalis L.) and rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) were dried using two methods: convective (at 30° C), and freeze-drying. In both, fresh and subjected to drying processes herbs, changes in total polyphenol and antioxidant potential (with the DPPH radical), vitamin C (in the form of ascorbic acid) and chlorophyll pigments contents, were studied. Results: The highest content of polyphenols and vitamin C was recorded in rosemary, while sage was characte- rized by the highest content of chlorophylls. It was found that the drying processes caused large losses of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and dyes in comparison to the fresh material. The highest losses of vitamin C occurred in convection dried sage (95%), while most was preserved in lyophilised thyme (losses 74%). Drying had also influenced the reduction of the content of chlorophylls with the largest loss of these compounds, at 94% observed in the freeze-dried rosemary. However, the content of polyphenols increased, underscoring a large impact on the antioxidant activity of herbs. Conclusions: Drying processes resulted in the release of phenolic compounds, so their content increased three to four times in the case of rosemary and sage. The largest increase was observed in the case of lyophilised thyme. Simultaneously, the antioxidant potential was significantly increased. Herbal droughts proved to be a rich source of antioxidant compounds with promising applications as a food additive.
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Marques, Mário Pedro, Beatriz Guapo Neves, Carla Varela, Mónica Zuzarte, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Maria Inês Dias, Joana S. Amaral, Lillian Barros, Mariana Magalhães, and Célia Cabral. "Essential Oils from Côa Valley Lamiaceae Species: Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Effect on Glioblastoma Cells." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020341.
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Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav., Mentha cervina L. and Thymus mastichina (L.) L. subsp. mastichina are representative species of the Côa Valley’s flora, a Portuguese UNESCO World Heritage Site. L. pedunculata and T. mastichina are traditionally used to preserve olives and to aromatize bonfires on Saint John’s Eve, while M. cervina is mainly used as a spice for river fish dishes. Despite their traditional uses, these aromatic plants are still undervalued, and literature regarding their bioactivity, especially anticancer, is scarce. In this work, the morphology of secretory structures was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the composition of essential oils (EOs) was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study proceeded with cytotoxic evaluation of EOs in tumor and non-tumor cells with the cell death mechanism explored in glioblastoma (GB) cells. L. pedunculata EO presented the most pronounced cytotoxic/antiproliferative activity against tumor cells, with moderate cytotoxicity against non-tumor cells. Whereas, M. cervina EO exhibited a slightly lower cytotoxic effect against tumor cells and did not affect the viability of non-tumor cells. Meanwhile, T. mastichina EO did not induce a strong cytotoxic effect against GB cells. L. pedunculata and M. cervina EOs lead to cell death by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The present study suggests that L. pedunculata and M. cervina EOs have a strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential to be further studied as efficient antitumor agents.
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Kattupalli, Divya, Asha Srinivasan, and Eppurath Vasudevan Soniya. "A Genome-Wide Analysis of Pathogenesis-Related Protein-1 (PR-1) Genes from Piper nigrum Reveals Its Critical Role during Phytophthora capsici Infection." Genes 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12071007.
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Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a prominent spice that is an indispensable ingredient in cuisine and traditional medicine. Phytophthora capsici, the causative agent of footrot disease, causes a drastic constraint in P. nigrum cultivation and productivity. To counterattack various biotic and abiotic stresses, plants employ a broad array of mechanisms that includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Through a genome-wide survey, eleven PR-1 genes that belong to a CAP superfamily protein with a caveolin-binding motif (CBM) and a CAP-derived peptide (CAPE) were identified from P. nigrum. Despite the critical functional domains, PnPR-1 homologs differ in their signal peptide motifs and core amino acid composition in the functional protein domains. The conserved motifs of PnPR-1 proteins were identified using MEME. Most of the PnPR-1 proteins were basic in nature. Secondary and 3D structure analyses of the PnPR-1 proteins were also predicted, which may be linked to a functional role in P. nigrum. The GO and KEGG functional annotations predicted their function in the defense responses of plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, a transcriptome-assisted FPKM analysis revealed PnPR-1 genes mapped to the P. nigrum-P. capsici interaction pathway. An altered expression pattern was detected for PnPR-1 transcripts among which a significant upregulation was noted for basic PnPR-1 genes such as CL10113.C1 and Unigene17664. The drastic variation in the transcript levels of CL10113.C1 was further validated through qRT-PCR and it showed a significant upregulation in infected leaf samples compared with the control. A subsequent analysis revealed the structural details, phylogenetic relationships, conserved sequence motifs and critical cis-regulatory elements of PnPR-1 genes. This is the first genome-wide study that identified the role of PR-1 genes during P. nigrum-P. capsici interactions. The detailed in silico experimental analysis revealed the vital role of PnPR-1 genes in regulating the first layer of defense towards a P. capsici infection in Panniyur-1 plants.
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Bellassoued, Khaled, Ferdaws Ghrab, Houda Hamed, Rim Kallel, Jos van Pelt, Amina Lahyani, Fatma Makni Ayadi, and Abdelfattah El Feki. "Protective effect of essential oil of Cinnamomum verum bark on hepatic and renal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, no. 6 (June 2019): 606–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0246.
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The inner bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is widely used as a spice. Cinnamon plants are also a valuable source of essential oil used for medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil of C. verum bark (CvEO) and its protective effects in vivo on CCl4-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Groups of animals were pretreated for 7 days with CvEO (70 or 100 mg/kg body weight) or received no treatment and on day 7 a single dose of CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress. Twenty-four hours after CCl4 administration, the animals were euthanized. In the untreated group, CCl4 induced an increase in serum biochemical parameters and triggered oxidative stress in both liver and kidneys. CvEO (100 mg/kg) caused significant reductions in CCl4-elevated levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, urea, and creatinine and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein compared with the untreated group. Moreover, pretreatment with CvEO at doses of 70 and 100 mg/kg before administration of CCl4 produced significant reductions in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl levels in liver and kidney tissues compared with the untreated group. The formation of pathological hepatic and kidney lesions induced by the administration of CCl4 was strongly prevented by CvEO at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Overall, this study suggests that administration of CvEO has high potential to quench free radicals and alleviate CCl4-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats.
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Tsila, Henri G., Patrick Akono-Ntonga, Suzanne C. L. Magnouet, and Timoléon Tchuinkam. "Efficacy and persistence of essential oil of Monodora myristica against Anopheles gambiae, the main vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa." Investigational Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31183/imcp.2022.00057.
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Background: Monodora myristica known as calabash or nutmeg, is a tree of the Annonaceae family whose seeds are mainly used as a spice. The control of malaria is still a challenge partly due to mosquito resistance to conventional insecticides. The present work aimed to evaluate the insecticidal effect of the essential oil of M. myristica seeds to enlarge the list of local plants that can be used as insecticides. Methods: Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger apparatus, then analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the chemical composition. using absolute alcohol, the essential oil was solubilized to obtain the stock solution which was used to prepare concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 ppm. Larvicide and adulticide tests were carried out with Anopheles gambiae larvae and females. The persistence of the M. myristica’s essential oil was determined by introducing the larvae into the prepared concentrations at regular time intervals and exposing them to the open air for 28 days. Results: The essential oil of M. myristica contained 20 chemical compounds and the major was the -phellandrene (35.20%). This essential oil-induced total mortality of A. gambiae larvae at all the concentrations after 24 h with concentration-dependent and larval age-dependent efficacy. In females, total mortality was recorded at 250 ppm and the LC95 was 168.47 ppm. The essential oil of M. myristica is still toxic towards A. gambiae after 21 days at the concentration of 150 ppm. Conclusion: These results led us to conclude that the essential oil of M. myristica could be a very good larvicide for vector control campaigns. Keywords: Monodora myristica; malaria; insecticide; plant; larvae; adults
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Shradha Sarswat and Dr. Dilip Singh Yadav. "A Marvel Versatile, Multipotential Plant Murraya Koenigii: A Review." Knowledgeable Research: A Multidisciplinary Journal 1, no. 12 (July 31, 2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.57067/kr.v1i12.116.
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The adage goes, "Let food be your medicine and medicine be food." Popularly referred to as "Curry leaves" and "Meetha neem" is Murraya koenigii. Curry Leaf has a significant place in conventional Ayurvedic therapy. According to the Indian ancient medical system of Ayurveda, herbal remedies can treat and manage a wide range of illnesses. It belongs to the family of plants known as the Rutaceae.. Crash curry leaves have a distinct flavour and aroma and is glossy and dark green in colour. The antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and antibacterial activities of the roots, fruits, leaves, and bark of the plant have been related to the high concentration of carbazole alkaloids found in certain parts of the plant.. In Indian cuisine, its leaves are frequently used to spice meals. It is of Indian origin, is readily available all year long, and has long been an ingredient in many Ayurvedic medications. It is widely used in cooking and one of the key ingredients in traditional Ayurvedic preparations. As beverages, syrups, cordials, and flavoured teas can be prepared. Improved stomach and small intestine function, better-quality digestive juices produced during digestion, and higher salivary production are just a few of the health advantages of curry leaves. The entire plant is utilized for its stomachic and tonic effects. Morning sickness, kidney pain, stomach distress, and dysentery diseases were all treated with Murraya koenigii. As a result, it has the ability to make oils, inhalers, balms, and more. Indian-born Murraya koenigii is a significant culinary plant. A review of the literature suggests the plant has some important pharmacological properties. The review takes into account curry leaves' potential in the future. The current study's objective is to review curry leaf categorization, origin, physical characteristics, and traditional uses around the world. This paper describes the structural characteristics, background, ecology, composition, and therapeutic uses of this amazing plant.
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Tashimbetova, A. B., A. K. Umbetova, Z. B. Halmenova, Y. S. Ikhsanov, M. I. Choudhary, Zh A. Abilov, and G. Sh Burasheva. "CHEMICAL STUDY OF LAVANDULA FERTILIZER." SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 440 (April 15, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.21.
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Genus Lavandula – specially grown as an aromatic and medicinal plant. In inflorescences, the content of essential oil is from 0.8 % to 2.6 %, in leaves up to 0.3 %. The main components of the essential oil are linalool (10-30 %) in the free state and its esters with acetic, butyric, valerianic, caproic acids (30-60 %), as well as geraniol, citral, borneolen, bisabolene, α-pinene and others. Currently, the plant is used as an ornamental, as a spice in cooking, as well as for medicinal purposes. In traditional medicine, flowers, leaves and branches of lavender are used. In Bulgaria, lavender is used as a means of calming the nervous system, relaxing baths and for skin diseases. In Germany, ointments are made from lavender petals. In Austria, lavender leaves are collected before flowering and are used as soothing and anti-inflammatory drugs. In Poland, in combination with a pharmacy chamomile flower, the flowers of a lavender plant are used in the healing of a fresh voice and bronchial disease. In France, an infusion of lavender flowers is used as an urolithic substance. The object of the study is raw materials L.angustifolia of individual collection at the experimental site of the laboratory of medicinal plants of the Institute of Phyto-Introduction and Botany at the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan of Almaty. The technology for producing a biologically active complex from the plant species under study has been developed by varying the nature of the extractant, its ratio with raw materials, time and extraction ratio. The optimal condition for obtaining a biologically active complex from a plant is: extractant – 50 % ethyl alcohol, the ratio of extractant to raw material – 1: 9, the time of double extraction – 72 hours, temperature – 25 ºC. The fractional composition of the aerial mass of L.angustifolia, which is represented by water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions, was studied. The article presents for the first time the data of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the lipophilic components of the aerial mass of L.angustifolia, determined by gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC / MS). Analyzes were carried out in a laboratory of chemistry of natural coefficients, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan, the structure and quantitative content of 16 compounds were established in the aerial mass of the plant L.angustifolia. The identification of the components was carried out by analogy with the known mass spectra of the samples embedded in the computer data bank and relative retention times. Quantitative determination of the composition of the analyzed mixture was carried out by the method of normalization by peak areas. Keywords: Lavandula (L. angustifolia), GC-MS, extraction, BAS, aerial parts.
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Demyanyuk, O., O. Tertychna, K. Kudriashova, M. Parkhomenko, and D. Buturlym. "Use of spicy aromatic plants in vertical greening." Balanced nature using, no. 2 (April 4, 2022): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2022.261248.
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The article presents the advantages of vertical greenery to create urban development and improve the ecological condition of urban areas. The possibility of using spicy-aromatic crops in vertical greenery, which is an effective way of urban farming. The classification of vertical landscaping by types of plant placement is given and it is determined that modular phytowalls are the most suitable type of vertical plant placement according to the morphological features of spicy-aromatic plants. It is noted that additional research is needed on the possibility of growing perennial aromatic plants in light and relatively inexpensive hydroponic panels — Vertical garden system technology, developed by French designer Patrick Blanc. The technology of creation and functioning of spicy-aromatic phytowalls with the help of container and modular systems of vertical landscaping such as Cascade Wall and Pixel Garden PG14 is described. Attention is focused on the importance of the correct selection of the species composition of aromatic plants to create vertical compositions. The morphological and ecological features of the most common spicy-aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family are characterized, which are the key parameters that determine the suitability of the described plants for use in vertical greenery. To create phytowalls outside and indoors, it is recommended to use rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), plants of the genus Thymus, Salvia, Mentha, as well as Cymbopogon citratus family Poaceae, Levisticum officinale Koch family Apiaceae and others. Attention is paid to mineral nutrition and protection of spicy-aromatic plants in closed soil conditions. Improvement of vertical landscaping systems and simultaneous search for adaptation of spicy-aromatic plants to the conditions of modular cultivation are relevant research topics for the further spread of this type of landscaping in temperate climates.
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Devyatov, A. G., G. S. Lapshin, E. Yu Babaeva, E. A. Motina, E. V. Zvezdina, and V. V. Vandishev. "STUDY OF NEPETAE CATARIAE HERBA FRUITS AS PROMISING MEDICINAL PLANT RAW MATERIAL." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 7, no. 3 (July 9, 2019): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2019-7-2-120-128.
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Nepetae catariae herba is used in the Russian Federation as spice. The chemical compounds of herb have been studied. This plant has been introduced into the culture. There are its domestic varieties. The fruits of the plant accumulate up to 25% of fatty oil and contain specific laballenic acid, which has a wide range of antimicrobial and fungicidal actions. The yield of fruit crops is 5–6 c/ha.The aim is to study some criteria for the standardization of the quality of Nepetae catariae herb as a new medicinal plant raw material.Materials and methods. The studied fruits are from the biological collection of Federal State Budgetary Institution of All – Russia Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Binocular magnifier brand MBS-10 and Axioplan 2 imaging microscope by Carl Zeiss were used. The sample preparation was carried out according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (XIV edition). Anatomical diagnostic features were studied in powder and cross section with staining reagents for the presence of some biologically active substances. Qualitative reactions were carried out with water and alcohol-water extracts from the fruits. The content of the lipid complex according to pharmacopoeia monograph 2.5.0035.15 has been determined.Results. A description of the external and diagnostic anatomical features is given. The main groups of biologically active substances and the content of the lipid complex in a possible new material – the fruits of Nepeta cataria – have been identified.Conclusion. The description of the external features of the fruit has been specified. For the first time, crushed fruits have been characterized. It has been established that the morphology of endocarp cells and seed embryo cells are best preserved in a mellow fruit. Physico-optical properties of cellular structures and the ability for basic microchemical reactions are preserved in all zones of pericarp and seeds. Qualitative reactions showed the presence of the following components in the fruits: saponins, flavonoids and a lipid complex. A dispersion composition has been studied. The yield of the lipid complex and its appearance have been determined. Fruits can be used as promising fat-oil raw materials. The results of the study can be used in drafting Pharmacovigilance Reference Document considering a promising type of medicinal plant raw material on the basis of Nepetae catariae herba fruits.
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Plotnykov, Mykhaylo, and Diana Valencia. "Chemical fingerprints of formation in rocky super-Earths’ data." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499, no. 1 (August 29, 2020): 932–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2615.
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ABSTRACT The composition of rocky exoplanets in the context of stars’ composition provides important constraints to formation theories. In this study, we select a sample of exoplanets with mass and radius measurements with an uncertainty $\lt 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and obtain their interior structure. We calculate compositional markers, ratios of iron to magnesium and silicon, as well as core mass fractions (CMFs) that fit the planetary parameters, and compare them to the stars. We find four key results that successful planet formation theories need to predict: (1) In a population sense, the composition of rocky planets spans a wider range than stars. The stars’ Fe/Si distribution is close to a Gaussian distribution $1.63^{+0.91}_{-0.85}$, while the planets’ distribution peaks at lower values and has a longer tail, $1.15^{+1.43}_{-0.76}$. It is easier to see the discrepancy in CMF space, where primordial stellar composition is $0.32^{+0.14}_{-0.12}$, while rocky planets follow a broader distribution $0.24^{+0.33}_{-0.18}$. (2) We introduce uncompressed density ($\overline{\rho _0}$ at reference pressure/temperature) as a metric to compare compositions. With this, we find what seems to be the maximum iron enrichment that rocky planets attain during formation ($\overline{\rho _0}\sim 6$ and CMF ∼0.8). (3) Highly irradiated planets exhibit a large range of compositions. If these planets are the result of atmospheric evaporation, iron enrichment and perhaps depletion must happen before gas dispersal. And, (4) We identify a group of highly irradiated planets that, if rocky, would be twofold depleted in Fe/Si with respect to the stars. Without a reliable theory for forming iron-depleted planets, these are interesting targets for follow-up.
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Mykhailyk, S. M., S. A. Glukhova, and O. I. Shynder. "Spicy plants in the landscape compositions of the Syrets Arboretum." Plant varieties studying and protection 18, no. 3 (December 21, 2022): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.3.2022.268997.
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Purpose. To analyze the taxonomic and varietal diversity of the collection of spicy plants of the Syrets Arboretum, evaluate their decorative qualities and determine the directions of use in landscape design. Methods. The subject of the study is spicy plants grown on the territory of the Syrets Arboretum, which are a part of the collection of open ground plants. The species and varieties of this group of plants were introduced in the arboretum from 1949 to 2021. In the process of research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization of information were used. Results. It has been established that the collection of spicy plants of the Syrets Arboretum includes 69 taxa belonging to 33 genera, 12 families. There are 52 species and 25 cultivars among them. The largest number of representatives are in the families Lamiaˆceae – 32 taxa, Amaryllidaceae – 11 taxa and Asteraceae – 9 taxa. The life forms of spicy plants are represented by woody (19 taxa) and herbal plants (50 taxa, of which 10 annual, 2 biennial, and 38 perennial forms). The traditional fields of application of spicy plants are food, medicine (pharmacology) and perfumery. In addition, their decorative varieties and cultivars are used to create landscape compositions. In particular, on the territory of the Syrets Arboretum, spicy plants are the compositional basis of the thematic “garden of spicy aromatic plants”, they are used as elements of classic flower beds and summer compositions, thematic compositions (national and pharmacy gardens, vegetable flower beds), alpine slides and rocky gardens, etc. Conclusions. Many years of experience in landscape design and creation of floral arrangements in the Syrets Arboretum showes that spicy plants are an important element in all types of tested decorative compositions. It is revealed that out of 69 spicy plants that grow on collectible plantings of the Sirets Arboretum, 51 have decorative qualities and are used as decorative-floral and decorative-deciduous species. The taxonomic and varietal variety of spicy plants has considerable potential for breeding work and creation of highly decorative landscape compositions of various purposes. Due to the availability of different life forms and biomorphological features, it is advisable to use spicy plants in different types of plantations for decorative gardening and landscape design.