Journal articles on the topic 'Sphère royale'
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1
Brennan, Thomas. "Taverns in the Public Sphere in 18th-Century Paris." Contemporary Drug Problems 32, no. 1 (March 2005): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090503200104.
Abstract:
The 18th-century Parisian tavern was public space that lay beyond the private spheres of home, family, or corporate identity. Taverns, like markets or roads, were without inherent order, so they required the ordering of public authority. For much of the old regime, taverns illustrate the public sphere in its subjection to public control. A second public sphere, found in the coffeehouses of Britain and the cafés of France, was a place of intellectual and social exchange that gradually challenged the royal monopoly on public issues. Yet taverns demonstrated the evolution of a third public sphere from a space monopolized by royal control to one in which the populace constituted a public with its own discursive practices and norms. In their increasingly autonomous use of taverns, the people of Paris were developing a model of behavior that extended to the political life of the city during the French Revolution.
2
Filliozat, Pierre-Sylvain. "L’inscription sanscrite de Lovek au Cambodge." Journal des savants 2, no. 1 (2020): 563–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jds.2020.6433.
Abstract:
L’inscription sanscrite dite de Lovek, lieu présumé de son origine, a pour objet de relater la donation d’une statue et d’un palanquin à un temple dans Dviradapura au Cambodge par Śaṃkara Paṇḍita, chapelain des trois grands rois du royaume khmer qui ont rempli presque tout le xie siècle de notre ère, Sūryavarman Ier (1002-1050), Udayā-dityavarman II (1050-1066), Harṣavarman III (1066-1080). L’acte de donation est formulé dans la dernière strophe du texte en sanscrit, puis en khmer dans un appendice énumérant toutes les donations pieuses faites par le donateur au cours de sa longue carrière de chapelain royal. Cela est précédé d’un long panégyrique du personnage et de sa famille, dont plusieurs membres de génération en génération au long de trois siècles (du ixe au xie), ont exercé d’importantes fonctions à la cour royale. La charge la plus haute, et la plus influente, parce que la plus proche du pouvoir, a été celle de guru, aussi appelé hotṛ ou purohita, maître dirigeant les rites royaux et conseiller personnel du roi. Il devait avoir une compétence dans trois domaines, pratique du rituel, érudition en langue, littérature et scolastique sanscrites, service du dharma, bon ordre en morale, droit et coutume profane et religieuse. Śaṃkara Paṇḍita fut le guru accompli dans les trois sphères. La conception théologique et l’ordonnan-cement du temple-montagne du Baphuon doivent lui être attribués aux côtés de Sūryavarman Ier et Udayādityavarman II. Il officia lors de la grande cérémonie d’installation d’un Liṅga d’or dans le sanctuaire sommital du Baphuon, qui est le second monument en taille, complexité et prestige après Angkor Vat. Ce texte est composé dans le style de la poésie savante sanscrite. Il est manifeste qu’une inscription sanscrite est composée au Cambodge, comme en Inde, avec égalité de méthode et d’esprit. Mais l’application des con-naissances issues des sources indiennes dans la pratique religieuse et dans les arts au Cambodge est manifestement khmère. Il n’en reste pas moins que la grandeur et la beauté de la conception, comme de la réalisation, sont également partagées entre la stèle inscrite et le monument. Une bonne approche des inscriptions sanscrites du pays khmer est sans conteste la confrontation du texte avec la discipline sanscrite de l’ornementation poétique (alaṃkāraśāstra) et la littérature religieuse tantrique de l’école du Śaivasiddhānta.
3
Koscak, Stephanie. "The Royal Sign and Visual Literacy in Eighteenth-Century London." Journal of British Studies 55, no. 1 (January 2016): 24–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2015.175.
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AbstractThis article argues that the commercialization of monarchical culture is more complex than existing scholarship suggests. It explores the aesthetic dimensions of regal culture produced outside of the traditionally defined sphere of art and politics by focusing on the variety of royal images and symbols depicted on hanging signs in eighteenth-century London. Despite the overwhelming presence of kings and queens on signboards, few study these as a form of regal visual culture or seriously question the ways in which these everyday objects affected representations of royalty beyond asserting an unproblematic process of declension. Indeed, even in the Restoration and early eighteenth century, monarchical signs were the subject of criticism and debate. This article explains why this became the case, arguing that signs were criticized not because they were trivial commercial objects that cheapened royal charisma, but because they were overloaded with political meaning. They emblematized the failures of representation in the age of print and party politics by depicting the monarchy—the traditional center of representative stability—in ways that troubled interpretation and defied attempts to control the royal image. Nevertheless, regal images and objects circulating in urban spaces comprised a meaningful political-visual language that challenges largely accepted arguments about the aesthetic inadequacy and cultural unimportance of early eighteenth-century monarchy. Signs were part of an urban, graphic public sphere, used as objects of political debate, historical commemoration, and civic instruction.
4
Keita, Kaba. "LE POUVOIR AU FEMININ : COMPRENDRE LES BLOCAGES DE L'ASCENSION POLITIQUE DES FEMMES AU ROYAUME-UNI." Kurukan Fuga 2, no. 8 (December 31, 2023): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.62197/xyxx9092.
Abstract:
Aujourd'hui, nous sommes plus conscients que jamais de l'importance d'une représentation égalitaire dans la sphère politique. Malgré les progrès réalisés, les femmes continuent de faire face à des obstacles dans leur ascension politique au Royaume-Uni. Dans ce travail, nous explorerons les blocages qui entravent cette avancée et les moyens de les surmonter, afin d'encourager une représentation plus juste et inclusive. La participation des femmes en politique est un sujet important à aborder, surtout au Royaume-Uni où les femmes ont longtemps été sous-représentées dans les sphères politiques. Les représentations sociales négatives à l’égard des femmes en politique ont longtemps été un obstacle majeur à leur ascension. Les femmes doivent encore faire face à des stéréotypes de genre qui les décrivent comme étant moins compétentes, moins capables de diriger et moins aptes à prendre des décisions difficiles. De plus, les femmes ont tendance à être sous-représentées dans les postes de pouvoir, ce qui rend leur ascension encore plus difficile. Cependant, grâce à la force du mouvement “Femme est pouvoir” et à l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux pour mobiliser les femmes, des opportunités se présentent pour les femmes dans le développement politique. Ces efforts pourraient être le début d’un avenir plus égalitaire pour les femmes en politique au Royaume-Un
5
Murray, Catriona. "Royal Representation in the Scandinavian-British Sphere." Court Historian 23, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2018.1539456.
6
Pharabod-Ibata, Hélène. "De l'élégant au grotesque : métamorphoses d'une exposition." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 39, no. 1 (2006): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2006.1762.
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A travers sa politique d’ouverture de la sphère de l’art pour l’édification de la nation tout entière, l’exposition annuelle de la Royal Academy, à ses débuts, se veut le heu privilégié de diffusion de la culture savante. Mais comme le montrent les représentations graphiques - officielles ou non - de cet événement culturel sans précédent, l’espace de l’exposition est en retour, et à son insu, perméable à diverses manifestations du populaire. Cet article analyse de telles représentations, autour de la célèbre estampe de Johann Heinrich Ramberg, The Exhibition of the Royal Academy, 1787 et de ses dérivés satiriques.
7
Wiyatmi, Wiyatmi. "Queens in Folklores as Representation of Indonesian Feminism." Poetika 11, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v11i1.81810.
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The view that the patriarchic system has dominated human life is untrue. Evidence has been found that, in the history of human civilization, women have been raised to the royal throne and ruled a kingdom. The existence of a queen has also been found in folklore in Indonesia. Using the qualitative research design with the perspectives of feminist literary criticism, the present study analyzes four folklore titles with a queen as the main character, such as: (1) The Legend of the Hermitage of Queen Kalinyamat, (2) Queen Kencanawungu, (3) Madam Undang Beautiful Queen from Kupang Island, and (4) The Legend of Princess Rengganis. Findings show no gender bias in the transfer of the royal inheritance or in choosing the successor of the royal throne in some kingdoms of regions in Indonesia. The crowning of a new ruler is more based on kinship and leadership qualities. This research also shows that before the emergence and development of feminism in the West, it has been existed in the archipelago, which can be called Indonesian feminism, i.e, feminism that gave women rights and voices not only in the domestic sphere but also in the public sphere, as a queen whose power was recognized.
8
Koo, Jeong-Woo. "The Origins of the Public Sphere and Civil Society." Social Science History 31, no. 3 (2007): 381–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013791.
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This article explores an East Asian parallel to the “structural transformation” of the European public sphere and civil society by studying private academies and Confucian literati petitions in Chosŏn Korea from 1506 to 1800. During this period, the Confucian literati emerged as the new public and challenged royal authority, engaging in a broad range of public activities through the academies and petitions. Voluntaristic and nongovernmental connections of private academies reveal aspects of a nascent civil society, whereas the rational-critical nature of petitioning indicates the formation of the public sphere in Chosŏn Korea. This analysis demonstrates a close historical association between the evolution of private academies and the development of petitions. This historical interplay confirms Jürgen Habermas's thesis that the public sphere arises from civil society.
9
Bishop, Malcolm G. H. "The Athenæum Club, the Royal Society and the reform of dentistry in nineteenth-century Britain: A research report." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 1 (October 12, 2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0006.
Abstract:
In 1978 M. J. Peterson examined the role played by the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) in nineteenth-century dental reform, noting the establishment of its Licence in Dental Surgery (LDS) in 1859. In a paper published in Notes and Records in 2010, the present author described the influential role played by Fellows of the Royal Society during the nineteenth-century campaign for dental reform led by Sir John Tomes. Key players in this campaign, including the dentists Samuel Cartwright, Thomas Bell and James Salter, were, as well as being Fellows of the Royal Society, members of the Athenæum Club. The present research report indicates the roles played by those members of the Athenæum Club who were also Fellows of the Royal Society in the scientific and professional reform of nineteenth-century dentistry. Although it does not attempt to document meetings at the Club, it suggests the potential for a symbiotic effect between the Royal Society and the Athenæum. Where the previous paper proposed an active scientific role for the Royal Society in reforming dentistry, this paper presents the Athenæum as a significant extension of the sphere of influence into the cultural realm for those who did enjoy membership of both organizations.
10
Kiss, Endre. "Different Perspectives on Hegel-Mendelssohn-Relationship." Kaleidoscope history 13, no. 27 (2023): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.27.19.
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In paragraph 157, Hegel describes in the Encyclopaedia the volume of the necessity, which represents a still inner and hidden identity which is "of those" that are considered as "real", the "self-sufficiency" of which should just be the necessity. While later Hegel describes the mutually independent realities (to repel something from themselves), he is (consciously or unconsciously) placed in a similar situation, in which Moses Mendelssohn comes in his essay written in 1763 for the Royal Academy of Sciences, while he is striving to build a rational metaphysics, a fully realized rational systematics. It is noteworthy, that in Mendelssohn's argumentation, the mathematical (geometrical and arithmetic) necessity (including the theological) can be on the way to cross over to the real. Mendelssohn's argument differs from Hegel's conception in important elements (amongst others, the language, linguistic usage, and the differences of conceptualities produced in the individual spheres, not to mention the relevance of the mathematical sphere). Still, the anti-empirical baseline can easily be brought in parallel with the same of Hegel. In his alleged strategical anti-Kantianism, Hegel might have found relevant help in many places in Mendelssohn.
11
Makiłła, Dariusz. "Pole manipulacji czy walka o egzystencję? Realizacja prerogatywy królewskiej wobec sejmików w drugiej połowie XVI i na początku XVII w." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 14, no. 3 (May 31, 2016): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1326.
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The subject of this paper is the political practice existing in the relations between the Royal court and the local assemblies of gentry in the Commonwealth of Poland in the second half of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century. The functioning of power relations, especially the conducting of the legislative process, was based on the defined foundations of the state order, established in the constitutional law called the Henrician Articles that came into force in 1576. They demanded of the Royal court that they respect the position and role of local assemblies, empowered in the political system of the Commonwealth of Poland. These relations were invested with pragmatism to a large extent. In order to have the political needs fulfilled, the court endeavored to win a friendly attitude of local assemblies towards the realization of its political plans during the parliamentary sessions. At the same time, the local assemblies which were developing the conviction that they were merely one of the instruments of the Royal politics, appealed to their own problems, which made the target of their politics during the summoned diets. In this way, the Royal politics very often clashed with the aspirations of the gentry at the assemblies’ meetings, sometimes entering the sphere of rivalry.
12
Petrany, Catherine. "Fathers, Mothers, Sons, and Silence: Rhetorical Reconfiguration in Proverbs." Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 50, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146107920934700.
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In the royal instruction of Proverbs 31:1–9, a Queen Mother exhorts her royal son Lemuel to “open your mouth” on behalf of another, namely those who cannot themselves speak, the mute, the poor, and the needy. While the didactic relationship between mother and son in this passage in part mirrors the relationship between the proverbial father and son in chapters 1–9, the maternal demand for her son to speak on behalf of some silent other distinguishes her teaching. Here, the listening son’s entrance into words, into the art of becoming a verbal advocate in the judicial sphere, points beyond the rhetorical environment offered by the father, who envisions his son as a speaker only insofar as he might repeat the didactic words of the father’s own wisdom discourse.
13
Rodríguez, Verónica. "The Open Constructed Public Sphere: Aeschylus’ The Suppliant Women in a Version by David Greig." Humanities 9, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9010021.
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This article looks at the ‘public’ ‘place’ of drama in Britain at present by offering an analysis of a contemporary version of an ancient Greek play by Aeschylus, entitled The Suppliant Women, written by David Greig, directed by Ramin Gray, and first performed at the Royal Lyceum Theatre Edinburgh in 2016. Following an agonistic (Chantal Mouffe), rather than a consensual (Jürgen Habermas) model of the public sphere, it argues that under globalisation, three cumulative and interwoven senses of the public sphere, the discursive, the spatial, and the individual and his/her/their relation to a larger form of organisation, despite persisting hegemonic structures that perpetuate their containment, have become undone. This is the kind of unbounded model of public sphere Greig’s version of Aeschylus’ The Suppliant Women seems to suggest by precisely offering undoings of discourses, spaces, and individualisations. In order to frame the first kind of undoing, that is, the unmarking of theatre as contained, the article uses Christopher Balme’s notion of ‘open theatrical public sphere’, and in order to frame the second, that is, the undoing of elements ‘in’ Greig’s version, the article utilises Greig’s concept of ‘constructed space’. The article arrives then at the notion of the open constructed public sphere in relation to The Suppliant Women. By engaging with this porous model of the public sphere, The Suppliant Women enacts a protest against exclusionary, reductive models of exchange and organisation, political engagement, and belonging under globalisation.
14
Lynch, Andrew P. "Negotiating Social Inclusion: The Catholic Church in Australia and the Public Sphere." Social Inclusion 4, no. 2 (April 19, 2016): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i2.500.
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This paper argues that for religion, social inclusion is not certain once gained, but needs to be constantly renegotiated in response to continued challenges, even for mainstream religious organisations such as the Catholic Church. The paper will analyse the Catholic Church’s involvement in the Australian public sphere, and after a brief overview of the history of Catholicism’s struggle for equal status in Australia, will consider its response to recent challenges to maintain its position of inclusion and relevance in Australian society. This will include an examination of its handling of sexual abuse allegations brought forward by the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, and its attempts to promote its vision of ethics and morals in the face of calls for marriage equality and other social issues in a society of greater religious diversity.
15
Vikulova, Larisa G., Elvira M. Ryanskaya, and Ekaterina G. Vasilieva. "Shaping Language Policy in France. Official Sphere: 8-18th Centuries Legislative Documents (Capitulary, Ordinance, Letters Patent)." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-4-252-264.
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The paper looks into historic processes of developing and establishing the state policy of France in the sphere of language, education and culture, reflected in such genres of regulatory documents as capitulary, ordinance, and letters patent. The focus is made on three royal documents, namely the capitulary of Charlemagne “Letter on Promotion of Literary Culture” (“Epistola de litteris colendis”, 787), the ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts (“Ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts”, 1539), issued by Francis I, king of France, and letters patent of Louis XIV, regulating the activities of publishing houses (“Lettres patentes et arrêt du conseil d’État du Roi portant règlement pour la librairie”, 1702). The study aims to reveal formal and content-related features of regulatory documents of the historic period under consideration. Another purpose is to identify the degree of their variability and similarity. The main methods employed in the research were textual and interpretative types of analysis. The fact that the documents compiled on behalf of French monarchs made the focus of our research defines its novelty. The findings showed that this documentation evidences the dawn and further shaping of the French national language, cultural and educational policy. The authors show that these institutional genres were designed to strengthen the royal power in France during the period between the 8th and 18th centuries. From linguistic perspective these documents are a formidable example of how the “discourse of power” emerged and got streamlined.
16
Wade, Geoff. "Engaging the South: Ming China and Southeast Asia in the Fifteenth Century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 51, no. 4 (2008): 578–638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852008x354643.
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AbstractThe fifteenth century witnessed Ming China expanding its interactions with areas to the south—areas which we today refer to as Southeast Asia. This involved overland political expansion, the gradual incorporation of Tai polities, as well as their economic exploitation. The twenty-year incorporation of the Dai Viêt policy was also part of this process. In the maritime realm, following the early fifteenth-century sending of massive armadas in an attempt to achieve a pax Ming in the region, the Ming court made efforts to ban maritime commerce by non-state players. This paper examines the effects that these various Ming policies had on Southeast Asia in the political, economic, technological, and cultural spheres. Le XVIème siècle vit la multiplication des interventions de la Chine des Ming dans la région aujourd'hui dénommée Asie du Sud-Est. Elles entraînèrent une expansion politique terrestre, l'annexion progressive des royaumes Thaïs et leur exploitation économique. L'incorporation du royaume de Dai Viêt à la Chine durant vingt années, s'inscrit dans le même développement. Dans le domaine maritime, le début du XVIème siècle est marqué par l'envoi d'armadas qui tentèrent d'imposer la pax Ming dans l'Asie du Sud-Est., la cour Ming s'efforçant d'exclure le négoce privé du commerce maritime. Cette contribution étudie les effets de l'ensemble des stratégies des Ming en Asie du Sud-Est dans la sphère politique, économique, technologique et culturelle.
17
Oliver, David. "Spheres of medical influence: Academic Vice President, Royal College of Physicians." Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 228.1–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.8-2-228.
18
Díaz-Iglesias LLanos, Lucía Elena. "Commentary on Heracleopolis Magna from the theological perspective (I): The image of the local lakes in the vignette of chapter 17 of the Book of the Dead." Trabajos de Egiptología. Papers on Ancien Egypt 1695-4750 (2005): 31–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.tde.2005.04.03.
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The process of endowing a symbolic meaning to the most prominent marks in the landscape can be illustrated by a distinctive feature of Heracleopolis Magna: the sacred lake of the temple of Heryshef. Its dominant position in the city, its relationship with the local temple and its importance in the royal sphere led to its projection from this world to the Beyond. The analysis of funerary texts and vignettes from the First Intermediate Period onwards show that the lakes were considered as a significant place for the purification and rebirth of the deceased.
19
Shapiro, B. L. "TEXTILE HORSECLOTH AS AN ATTRIBUTES OF ROYAL POWER." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2017-1-74-79.
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The article discusses the importance of the textile equipment as oneof the components in the system of organization of power in Russia. Items selected for examination are related to the participation of the horse, as one of the most mythologized of animals in Russian culture, in the sacred environment. In this context, we considered textile horse trappings in general, with an accent on the most important items of the tsar's ritual sphere, filled with allegorical symbolism. These are authentic objects of applied art from the collections of Russian museums, which are interpreted by the inventory and historical narrative. Special attention is given to the equipment belonging to personal horses of Russian monarchs from Ivan the Terrible to Paul I. We investigate in detail all textile components of the ceremonial furnishings of the royal horse. We partially studied heraldic and funeral horsecloth. Summing up the results, textile horsecloth, with all its diversity in different historical periods, serves the formation of the image of a powerful monarch in the first place.
20
Cormier, Raymond J. "Medieval Courtly Literature, Royal Patronage and World Harmony (III)." Anuario de Estudios Medievales 21, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aem.1991.v21.1111.
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La musique vainc le diable, comme doit avoir dit Pythagore. Cette étude aborde le problème, pour la troisième fois déjà et à nouveau sur les traces de Stephen Jaeger, qui a défendu à ce propos aussi la thèse que bon nombre de ces principes spéculatifs tombaient dans la littérature vernaculaire. On suggère que l'harmonie cosmique est réunie à la Cour médiévale, telle que la Table Ronde d'Arthur, et que l'équilibre sous-entendu dans le concept de l'harmonie du monde se reflète. volens nolens, à la cour des rois médiévaux, princes et évèques (Jaeger, Origins of Courtliness). Une seconde analogie soutient que le concept d'harmonie cosmique correspond à la sphère sociale et humaine; comme le préconise Boethius, les humains peuvent aiguiser leur caractère en répondant convenablement à l'harmonie cosmique, conduisant ainsi à une connaissance personnelle plus profonde. Trois thèmes sont discutés: a) les buts de l'échelle de valeur de la littérature médiévale raffinée; b) l'arrière plan de la notion d'harmonie cosmique -que l'on retrouve dans la description de la Perfection, ou Homme Nouveau, une «union mystérieuse»- et qui est décrite dans deụx traités importants du douzième siècle, la Cosmographia de Bernardus Silvestris et l'Anticlaudianus de Alan of Lille. La dernière préoccupation est le but de l'harmonie du monde étant donné qu'elle suggère une fusion raffinée du divin et de l'humain, du cosmic et du social, du terrestre et du céleste, du macrocosme et du microcosme.
21
El Hage, Georges. "Regard orthodoxe sur la synodalité : un apprentissage mutuel des différentes confessions." Transversalités 169, no. 2 (April 8, 2024): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/trans.169.0045.
Abstract:
Le synode sur la synodalité invite à mieux cerner la pratique du consensus ecclésial dans les diverses communautés chrétiennes. Certains documents laissent entendre que la vision orthodoxe de la synodalité concerne exclusivement l’exercice de l’autorité épiscopale. Or, il y a presque autant de pratiques synodales que d’Églises locales. L’article se propose de revisiter l’évolution de ces pratiques dans la sphère orthodoxe à partir de trois moments historiques. L’encyclique des patriarches d’Orient rédigée en 1848, le concile de Moscou convoqué en 1917 et le Grand Concile panorthodoxe réuni en 2016 sont autant d’exemples de la résonnance de la notion de conciliarité – fondée sur le sacerdoce royal de tout baptisé – avec les transformations culturelles et politiques de l’époque. Observer les signes des temps servirait à orienter une synodalité en recherche pour l’ensemble des chrétiens.
22
Hughes, Kate, and Jenny Foulkes. "Reducing Environmental Impacts at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148793.
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The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) has put the climate emergency and biodiversity crisis at the centre of its organisational strategy and is making changes to reduce the environmental impact of its activities and to adapt to the conditions created by changes in climate. This article looks at actions towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the physical boundaries of the four gardens of RBGE in Scotland. The article considers two areas. Firstly, the Horticultural sphere, including the reduction of the impacts on the environment made by horticultural practice to maintain the gardens, and adaptation of the landscapes to improve visitor access and the biodiversity benefits of plantings. Secondly, influencing behaviour and engaging visitors with respect to growing food and the enjoyment of being with plants for health and wellbeing. In both these areas, RBGE activities are contributing to targets within SDGs 11, 12, 13 and 15. These targets, the actions to realise them and subsequent outcomes are described below. Finally, a major project underway at the Garden which will significantly reduce the environmental impacts of the institution, the Edinburgh Biomes, is introduced.
23
Kumar, Dinesh, and Dinesh Mandot. "CONTRIBUTIONS OF ROYAL MUGHAL WOMEN IN ECONOMIC FIELD." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES 10, no. 73 (September 1, 2022): 17571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v10i73.11657.
Abstract:
Women occupy a critical place in every stratum and society. Royal Mughal ladies played a considerable role in the economic field during the Mughal period. The Mughal age was marked by overall prosperity and growth in all the spheres of life. There was hectic economic activity in the country, which led to growth of trade and commerce. India commodities like textiles, spices, and exotic products like opium and dyes were in great demand in the countries of west Asia and North Africa. The items of import were gold, silver, ivory, pearls, precious gems, horses etc. Mughal women made a fairly large but little appreciated contribution to the development of trade and commerce in the country. Besides participating in economic activities, Mughal royal ladies saw to the construction of markets and caravan sarais. Therefore, encouraging and faciliating trade conditions in the country. The present article deals with contribution of the royal Mughal ladies in economic property of the Mughal empire which occupies a unique place in the annals of India.
24
Velichko, E. O. "“The monetary test of loyalty”: on the financing of visits by British princes to the Empire in the 60s and 70s of the XIX century." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, no. 1 (February 17, 2024): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-1-224-232.
Abstract:
Importance. In the 60–70s of the XIX century, representatives of the royal family of Great Britain visited the possessions of the British Empire. The issue of financing was one of the fundamental issues in their implementation. Being closely connected with the sphere of political reputation management, it went beyond the boundaries of exclusively organizational practice. The purpose of the study is to explore the specifics of the financing mechanism for visits by members of the British ruling family to the empire’s possessions in the 60s and 70s of the 19th century and to determine the importance that it began to acquire in the process of building Britain’s relations with these territories.Materials and Methods. Historical-genetic and problem-chronological methods make it possible to analyze the process of monetary support for visits of British princes to the empire’s possessions and determine its role in the context of imperial construction of Great Britain.Results and Discussion. On the basis of sources – materials from the British and colonial press, journalistic publications, parliamentary documents – the features of the financing mechanism for official royal visits and official trips of British princes to the possessions of the Empire of various types are analyzed. The guidelines that conforms the organizers of royal trips and ceremonial receptions in carrying out the task of providing them are revealed.Conclusion. In the context of the royal visits’ implementation, the issue of their financing acquired conceptual importance. Through the sponsorship of the British princes’ trips by the colonial authorities and the public, as well as by the imperial government, ideas that were important for the development of interaction between the metropolis and its possessions were broadcast.
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Trébosc, Delphine. "« En veuë de tout le monde » : le caractère public des collections d’antiques dans les villes méridionales, des derniers Valois а Henri IV." Revue française d'histoire du livre 142 (October 13, 2021): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47421/rfhl142_49-65.
Abstract:
Le présent article entend faire le point sur la dimension publique des collections d’antiques présentes dans les villes méridionales du royaume de France, à la fin du XVIe et au début du XVIIe siècle. Il s’agit de repérer les manifestations de leur caractère public, entendu dans les deux acceptions du terme : au sens strict – qui dépend de l’État – et au sens large – qui concerne la communauté. L’étude des collections municipales insistera sur la volonté du corps de ville de les rendre accessibles au plus grand nombre. Nous examinerons également le rapport des collections privées à la sphère publique, aussi bien en termes d’accès, de diffusion que de marché.
26
Wallis, Helen. "The Eva G. R. Taylor Lecture: Navigators and Mathematical Practitioners in Samuel Pepys's Day." Journal of Navigation 47, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300011073.
Abstract:
I am honoured that the Royal Institute of Navigation has invited me to give the E. G. R. Taylor lecture for 1992. These lectures, held annually, were funded by well-wishes in various societies to celebrate Professor Eva Taylor's 80th birthday. As a scholar, Professor Taylor moved in many spheres. I have chosen a subject which seems appropriate to her pioneering work in the history of navigation and the marine sciences.
27
Prade-Weiss, Juliane. "Staging enmity: reading populist productions of shame with Jelinek’s On the Royal Road." Open Research Europe 3 (February 1, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15469.1.
Abstract:
Background: Populism is often perceived as a shamelessly loud segment of political discourse. However, Jelinek’s play On the Royal Road, written on the occasion of Trump’s 2016 election as US president, suggests that populism leads to societal silencing. Jelinek’s text expounds that when a society’s public sphere is marked by ubiquitous enmity against an imagined “we”, grounded in antagonism, then the possibility of speaking to one another disappears, because speaking to one another is based on the willingness to give one’s counterpart space and listen to them. In a public discourse that stages enmity, the counterpart vanishes. Therefore, populism, loud as it is, leads to the silencing of whole communities insofar as they are left with nothing in common but enmity. Method: Critical discourse analysis is used to contextualise Jelinek’s play with recent social sciences and humanities research on global populisms, and combined with close readings of select passages of the play to highlight what literary language and the dramatic form can contribute to understanding populism. Results: The silencing populisms entail is fed, in large part, by a dynamics linking the interpersonal emotion of shame to its discursive exploitation in shamelessness and shaming: populist voices transgress rules of democratic debate in the public sphere to elicit outrage by mainstream politics, media, and civil society, which often retort populist shamelessness by shaming populist actors. The audience excitement populist leaders and supporters generate is an important factor in normalizing the emotional, moralizing populist polarization of “us” versus “them” that undermines differentiated discussion and a dispute of arguments. Conclusion: While media and research commonly suggest that with the populist reduction of politics to a spectacle, citizens become a passive audience, the article expounds that audiences play a key role in the production of populist enmity. This insight offers an alley to counteract populism.
28
Prade-Weiss, Juliane. "Staging enmity: reading populist productions of shame with Jelinek’s On the Royal Road." Open Research Europe 3 (July 26, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15469.2.
Abstract:
Background: Populism is often perceived as a shamelessly loud segment of political discourse. However, Jelinek’s play On the Royal Road, written on the occasion of Trump’s 2016 election as US president, suggests that populism leads to societal silencing. Jelinek’s text expounds that when a society’s public sphere is marked by ubiquitous enmity against an imagined “we”, grounded in antagonism, then the possibility of speaking to one another disappears, because speaking to one another is based on the willingness to give one’s counterpart space and listen to them. In a public discourse that stages enmity, the counterpart vanishes. Therefore, populism, loud as it is, leads to the silencing of whole communities insofar as they are left with nothing in common but enmity. Method: Critical discourse analysis is used to contextualise close readings of select passages of Jelinek’s play with recent social sciences and humanities research on global populisms to highlight what literary language and the dramatic form can contribute to understanding populism. Results: The silencing populisms entail is fed, in large part, by a dynamics linking the interpersonal emotion of shame to its discursive exploitation in shamelessness and shaming: populist voices transgress rules of democratic debate in the public sphere to elicit outrage by mainstream politics, media, and civil society, which often retort populist shamelessness by shaming populist actors. The audience excitement populist leaders and supporters generate is an important factor in normalizing the emotional, moralizing populist polarization of “us” versus “them” that undermines differentiated discussion and a dispute of arguments. Conclusion: While media and research commonly suggest that with the populist reduction of politics to a spectacle, citizens become a passive audience, the article expounds that audiences play a key role in the production of populist enmity. This insight offers an alley to counteract populism.
29
JACOBSEN, HELEN. "LUXURY CONSUMPTION, CULTURAL POLITICS, AND THE CAREER OF THE EARL OF ARLINGTON, 1660–1685." Historical Journal 52, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0900747x.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTHenry Bennet, earl of Arlington, is a neglected statesman. A sometime diplomat, he was Charles II's longest-serving secretary of state, held the highest household office for ten years, and married his daughter to a royal bastard. It is, however, his artistic patronage that has most conspicuously been overlooked and, consequently, its political significance underestimated. Informed by his experiences abroad, he appreciated the power of the arts to influence and impress and used the cultural mediation of the English diplomatic network in his control to help skilfully fashion his domestic political identity. Through judicious display of architecture, paintings, sculpture, and furniture, Arlington created a cultural world that confirmed both his close relationship with Charles II and his dominance of foreign affairs. Even after he resigned as secretary of state in 1674, Arlington continued to deploy artistic patronage for political ends: as lord chamberlain, he controlled the largest government department and was formally responsible for fashioning the royal image. This article reconsiders Arlington's contributions as a statesman through his considered use of material consumption and artistic patronage and thereby illuminates corners of cultural practice which are situated firmly in the political sphere.
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ROBSON, ELLY. "IMPROVEMENT AND EPISTEMOLOGIES OF LANDSCAPE IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH FOREST ENCLOSURE." Historical Journal 60, no. 3 (October 4, 2016): 597–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x16000261.
Abstract:
AbstractThis article challenges readings of seventeenth-century English ‘improvement’ that are confined to a literate, elite sphere and thereby take printed claims of ‘economic betterment’ at face value, bestowing brief mention on ‘losers’ as a regrettable, but necessary, consequence of progress. Through examining Charles I's ‘disafforestation’ of the western royal forests of Gillingham, in Dorset, and Braydon, in Wiltshire, this article contends that improvement was not simply a triumphal narrative of material advancement articulated in print, but rather was forged in active conflicts situated within the landscape. Disafforestation was one of the Stuart crown's first major forays into enclosure and ‘improvement’, facilitated by surveyors applying newly geometric techniques to inscribe exclusive ownership so that each might ‘know and have their own’. Resulting riots reveal the contestation of empirical perspectives, improving ideals, and exclusive boundaries by commoners defending customary ways of seeing and using the forest commons rooted in collective memory, practice, and the landscape itself. Via the framing concept of ‘epistemologies’, improvement is examined as a spatial process in which different ways of knowing and using the landscape became pivotal to the production, contestation, and reconfiguration of social relations mapped across royal forests.
31
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. "Modernizing authoritarian rule in Saudi Arabia." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910903244976.
Abstract:
In the post-9/11 period, the Saudi state faced mounting pressure to appropriate the rhetoric of reform and introduce a series of reformist measures and promises, although none posed a serious challenge to the rule of the Āl Saʿūd. This involved the opening of the public sphere to quasi-independent civil society associations, limited municipal elections, and a relatively free press. Reform of the royal house, aimed at dealing with possible future problematic succession to the throne, was also part of a general trend. This article deals with state-initiated reforms the objective of which was to modernize authoritarian rule without risking the loss of too much power to the constituency.
32
McGovern, Jonathan. "Publicity and Persuasion in Early Modern England: The Babington Plot and its Aftermath, 1586‒88." Parergon 40, no. 1 (2023): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a905417.
Abstract:
Abstract: This article argues that the English Privy Council organised a persuasion campaign in the wake of the Babington Plot (1586). It examines a wealth of sources from a variety of genres, including prayers, sermons, ballads, and treatises, which are often analysed in isolation. It establishes the date of an anonymous sermon delivered at Paul’s Cross to condemn the Babington Plot, and it provides new information about the trials and executions of the traitors, making use of a little-known narrative written by the spy Maliverey Catilyn. The article reaffirms the traditional view that Tudor governments used popular propaganda to promote royal policy, which is of more utility than the theory of the ‘early modern public sphere’.
33
Carey, Stephen. "Language Management, Official Bilingualism, and Multiculturalism in Canada." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 17 (March 1997): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003354.
Abstract:
In addressing Canadian language management and planning in terms of bilingualism and multiculturalism, it is essential to contextualize these topics within the recent historical policy events and periods of change. This history includes the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism of 1965, the Official Languages Act of 1969, official bilingualism and multiculturalism since 1971, the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988, the growing importance of the Asia-Pacific region for Canada during the 1990's, and the increased probability of Quebec's separation. The above stages of evolution have taken place during an era which has seen the growing dominance of English internationally in all spheres of academia, economics, and communication technology, and an equally rapid decline of French internationally in these same spheres (Carey 1991; 1996).
34
Avakyan-Forer, Armina Genrikhovna. "Economic Ideas of the Renaissance era: philosophical analysis." Философия и культура, no. 2 (February 2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2021.2.35278.
Abstract:
This article examines the economic views of the Renaissance philosophers. The socio-philosophical thought of this period raises the value and moral-ethical problems in economic sphere, as well as attempts to solve them. The subject of this research is the attitude towards the economic wealth of an individual and society. The goal is to reveal and structurize the economic ideas of the Renaissance philosophers. The relevance of this work lies in the overview of the philosophical concepts that reflect the economic ideas and value peculiarities of that time. Special attention is given to the development of foreign trade, which was accelerated by the Age of Discovery. The Renaissance era is complex phenomenon of human culture, where opens a new perspective upon articulation and solution of the old problems. For example, in discussing wealth and poverty, the philosophers raised the problem of social inequality, claiming the many people are poor not because they do not want to work, but because they were born to be poor. In this era, the bourgeois class, feudal lords and the highest royal nobility owned almost all lands, making it extremely difficult for ordinary people to become wealthy. This marked the “revolution” within the system of values, as well as in sociopolitical and economic spheres. Among the factors affecting the evolution of economic thought, the author indicates the problems of the development of economic activity and change in the subject area of economic tasks, both of which required a theoretical reflection. The author explores the solution of these tasks by different philosophers, as well as follows the evolution of the internal logic of economic views.
35
Borah, Sonali, and Pallabi Hazarika. "Understanding the Public Sphere and Women’s Question in Colonial Assam: A Study in its Initial Phases." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 2 (March 6, 2023): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2023-0011.
Abstract:
Before the advent of the British, the public sphere did not evolve much in India to channelizing the grievances and thoughts of the masses at large. Any discussion related to the state, administration, or any area was confined mostly to the royal court. All the Hindu and Muslim rulers considered themselves supreme and they never sought public opinion. The rational public discussion and places such as coffee houses and salons as suggested by the Habermas as in Western Europe were almost extinct here. As far as the Assam was concerned the growth of almost 170 years of Assamese print media is also linked with the rise of sub-regional nationalism. Most of the public debates were taking place in the print media. So, print media have become an important aspect of the public sphere. The periodicals, starting from Orunudoi onwards had been publishing important topics of society, and women issues were continuously being discussed there. So, analysing the 19th century is important to understand the questions that started on women’s behalf to improve their position in the society.
Received: 5 January 2023 / Accepted: 28 February 2023 / Published: 6 March 2023
36
Terentieva, Ekaterina. "The French Court Historical Writing as a Form of Manifestation of the Royal Power (Late 16th — First Half of 17th Century)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018884-1.
Abstract:
The present paper argues that the French historical writing in the late sixteenth and in the first half of the seventeenth century became a form of manifestation of the French royal power. The integrated scientific approach chosen in this research permits the author to draw several new conclusions concerning the multiplicity of forms of publicity of the French absolute monarchy. Three main aspects are in question: the institutional (or socio-political) one, the aspect of publishing specific in early modern Europe, and the substantial aspect of the historical discourse of the epoch. The existence of the court office of the royal historiographer (historiographe du roi) itself was a form of manifestation of the French royal power as it symbolized the special assignment of historical knowledge to the crown. Another visible form of manifestation of the French royal power connected with the historical writing of the epoch was the form of existence of works consecrated to historical subjects, i.e. the peculiarities of design of the editions of historical writings. Finally, the subject area of historical works in question were also related to the manifestation of the strengthening absolute monarchy. The court historical writing in early modern France evolved in tight connection with the erudite intellectual movement. Thus, however diverse the erudite movement had been, its massive current was deeply connected with the crown and its different ambitions — from uniting territories and gaining fidelity of its subjects to glorifying the French kings and controlling all the spheres of political and cultural life in the kingdom.
37
Aurov, Oleg. "City and Castle in Castile and Leon from the End of the 12th to the Middle of the 14th Century: a Subject from the History of Feudal Power." ISTORIYA 14, no. 7 (129) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027448-1.
Abstract:
The article attempts to analyze a complex of mutual relations between City and Castle or Alcazar (urban reinforced residence of kings and lords) in the period from the edition of Latin Fuero of Cuenca (after 1177) till the time of “Ordenamiento de Alcalá” (1348). Then the urban castle (alcazar) was a key element of city fortifications, that why it was an important object of royal and lord powers. Chatelens (alcaydes) were receiving castles (alcazars) as tenants. The castle (alcazar) was contraposed to the city in military, political, social and legal spheres. The castle (alcazar) was a source of violence and booty to the citizens especially in the periods of weakening of royal power. The attempts of citizens to control the castles (or the alcazars) using the promotion of any urban knights or any representatives of rich burghers to the position of alcayde was rarely successful, though sometimes this aim could be reached by them.
38
Petrukhin, Vladimir. "Social Aspects of the Image of the World in Russian Folklore: Georges Dumézil and the Frog Princess." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 18, no. 3-4 (2023): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2023.18.3-4.06.
Abstract:
The social dominant of Russian folklore is its peasant basis, associated with the agricultural calendar. This basis is described by a system of universal semantic binary oppositions (Svetlana M. Tolstaya), which did not include social oppositions directly. In the epic, the farmer (Mikula Selyaninovich) turns out to be stronger than the warrior-hero. Wedding folklore is focused on imitation of the ancient Russian social elites (“princes”, “boyars”). The motif of the royal wedding is also connected with the fairy tale about the frog princess: the three royal sons must marry brides, who will be determined by for-tune-telling archery. The arrows of the elder brothers fall into prestigious courts, where the princely/boyar and general/merchant daughters are waiting for them. The arrow of Ivan Tsarevich falls into the swamp in the paws of a frog. This plot of archery corresponds (in the cultural anthropology of G. Dumézil) to the archaic Indo-European model of the distribution of power between three brothers ― cultural heroes who embody the three social functions (the highest is sacred, royal, the middle is military, the lowest is “economic” (providing fertility). This structure corresponds to the universal cosmologi-cal trinomial model ― the top (celestial sphere), the middle zone (the atmosphere, the earth’s surface), and the fertile chthonic bottom (soil, underworld). The trifunctional social structure is also conveyed by the spiritual “Verse on the Golubinaya kniga”, where the three estates are made from the members of the first man ― Adam. Probably, these ternary structures are associated with the archaic Indo-European model, transmitted to the Slavic tradition through the ancient mediation of the Iranian (Indo-Iranian, studied by Vladimir N. Toporov) tradition.
39
Jiménez, Juan Ruiz. "‘THE SOUNDS OF THE HOLLOW MOUNTAIN’: MUSICAL TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN SEVILLE CATHEDRAL IN THE EARLY RENAISSANCE." Early Music History 29 (July 21, 2010): 189–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127910000094.
Abstract:
With the restoration of the Seville diocese in 1248, its organisation followed the model established by other Castilian cathedral chapters. Seville Cathedral's symbolic importance and the wealth created by its endowments resulted in a flourishing development of worship, in which music played a key role. The ritual space in the Mozarabic cathedral was radically transformed with the construction of the Gothic building over a period of almost a hundred years, from 1434 to 1517. In tandem with this architectural programme, the cathedral's musical resources also underwent transformation, being adapted according to changing aesthetic considerations, liturgical modifications and new spatial and acoustical demands. The city of Seville periodically welcomed the court, with the monarch and the royal household residing for extended sojourns in the Alcázar, which was renovated by Pedro I in the fourteenth century. These royal visits favoured musical exchange with the royal chapels, especially during the reign of Ferdinand and Isabel. Seville became the paradigm for the consolidation and standardisation witnessed during the fifteenth century throughout the ecclesiastical institutions of Castile and Aragon. The direct consequence of this reforming impulse was an exponential increase in the number of composers active in this environment, and the amount of polyphonic repertory created through church patronage in both the institutional and private spheres, as well as the increase in the use of that polyphony in liturgical and devotional ceremony.
40
MacGillivray, Neil. "Sir William Brooke O’Shaughnessy (1808–1889), MD, FRS, LRCS Ed: Chemical pathologist, pharmacologist and pioneer in electric telegraphy." Journal of Medical Biography 25, no. 3 (September 18, 2015): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772015596276.
Abstract:
This article reviews the life and work of Sir William O’Shaughnessy Brooke (formerly Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy), an Edinburgh doctor of medicine and Fellow of the Royal Society who as a young doctor in London analysed the blood and excreta of cholera victims, an action which led to the first successful use of intravenous replacement therapy. His career in India was distinguished in several spheres: chemistry, pharmacology in which he introduced cannabis indica to Europe, and in the field of electric telegraphy where he became the superintendent of telegraphs for India.
41
Bijukumar, V. "Pungent Irrationality and Troubled Modernity in Kerala." History and Sociology of South Asia 13, no. 1 (January 2019): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2230807519836803.
Abstract:
The street protests of the upper caste Hindus and the members of the erstwhile royal family under the leadership of the BJP–RSS against the verdict of the Supreme Court of India on opening the Sabarimala temple for women of all age groups demonstrate the deep malaise of creeping irrationality in the globally acclaimed project of Kerala modernity. In fact, such outbursts not only unveil the longstanding contradictions of Kerala modernity and the inadequacies of its developmental model but also bound to have serious implications for the multicultural ethos and the radical politics of the state. The rising tide of social conservatism and obscurantism retard Kerala into state of gloom and the depletion of its vibrant civil society and solid social capital leading communalising everyday life and public sphere.
42
Gorelaya, I. I., and Y. R. Ziganshina. "Creation of Spanish Language Corpora as One of the Priorities of RAE in the Era of Digitalization." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 6, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2022-4-24-67-79.
Abstract:
The creation of Spanish language corpora is becoming one of the priorities of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language (RAE) in the 21st century. The work on the compilation of Spanish language corpora is a response to the challenges of the modern era of globalization and is based on new computer technologies. Corpora in linguistics are used for language research and are a tool for generalizing data about a language that have a versatile nature, starting with the frequency of use of word forms and ending with the training of artificial intelligence. The purpose of this article is to show how the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language (RAE), using new approaches in the field of corpus linguistics, expands the areas of its traditional activities, spreading the Spanish language in the digital sphere of human activity. The novelty of this study is that all the main Spanish language corpora created by the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language are analyzed from the point of view of the cultural vector of development of the Spanish-speaking civilization. The authors determine the importance of creating corpora as a way of developing this language culture in the future, which implies the need to use corpora for teaching artificial intelligence. Raising the topic of the importance of the digitalization of language for communication between machines and humans, the authors consider the compilation of corpora to be a necessary basis for launching this process. The article, on the one hand, analyzes the currently existing academic corpora, on the other, describes the possibilities of using corpora for language research and for teaching artificial intelligence, and as a result summarizes the importance of corpora in the digital age.
43
Fulford, Tim. "The Role of Patronage in early nineteenth-century science, as evidenced in letters from Humphry Davy to Joseph Banks." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 73, no. 4 (May 2019): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0057.
Abstract:
The recently published Collected edition of Davy's letters throws new light on the importance and modus operandi of Banksian patronage as a means of organizing and promoting science. It demonstrates how dependent on, and manipulative of, Banks's favour Davy's careerism was, despite his later fame as an original genius. Here, I select from the edition some examples that offer new perspectives on how the patronage relationship worked—how Davy fashioned himself to be patronized, as well as how Banks operated as patron. Discussing Davy's activities at the Royal Institution, at the Royal Society and for the Board of Agriculture, I show that his public success allowed him to shift the power balance in this relationship, so that he was able to call upon Banks's support over issues of his choice, and, during the safety lamp affair (1815–18), to cause Banks to take the rare step of entering a scientific controversy in the newspapers. This shift to a highly public medium heralded a significant change: in a new era of widespread industrialization, in which engineers operating outside scientific institutions had increasing scope to put their inventions into production, priority—and the general reputation of scientific knowledge—increasingly needed demonstration before a wider court of public opinion than hitherto. Davy pulled Banks into a new, exposed, position in an expanded and oppositional public sphere. After Banks died, and Davy was no longer a protégé of a powerful patron but was himself in a position to distribute patronage—Banks's successor as President of the Royal Society and Commissioner of the Board of Longitude—the letters reveal the strengths and limitations of Banksian governance in an era in which science was specializing and was increasingly discussed in the national press. Davy rejected some of his predecessor's policies but essentially retained Banks's method of directing science by privately exerting influence and controlling patronage. I suggest that this method was relatively successful at the Royal Society, where Davy managed (uneasily) to incorporate a generation of mathematical savants excluded by Banks; at the Board of Longitude it failed: Davy's efforts to emulate Banks as the promoter of exploration fell foul of institutional intransigence that he had neither power nor influence enough to shift.
44
Zhang, Bowei. "The Canonization of Du Fu in the Context of East Asian Literature." Journal of Chinese Humanities 8, no. 2 (September 14, 2022): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340132.
Abstract:
Abstract In such regions of the East Asian cultural sphere as China, Korea and Japan, the canonization of Du Fu was a relatively lengthy process. It was achieved mainly because of strong support from three different cohorts: the first cohort is the Chinese literary giants who expressed strong commendations of Du Fu, the second cohort is the Japanese scholars who conducted rigorous evaluation of Du Fu’s poetry within academic frameworks, and the third cohort is the Korean royals who directly contributed to the rise of Du Fu’s poetry. The first two cohorts are unofficial, while the latter one is official but not without amicable interactions with the masses. Korean literature was in tune with the character of Du Fu’s poetry because it displayed a strong tendency towards politics; Japanese literature, on the other hand, was somewhat not, for it hardly included coverage on issues of social politics. Du Fu was given the highest literary recognition in both Korea and Japan for his poetic prowess, and his poetry was used by the state in both regions to serve different purposes; this goes to demonstrate that the two countries made their own culturally-driven decisions when accepting the influence of Chinese culture. It is a norm in East Asian literature for literary canons, whether old or new, to coexist, regardless of type or level, and such a norm is particular to the admission of literary works into literary canons within the East Asian cultural sphere.
45
Zaidi, Mohd Asim. "Role of Women in the Mughal Empire." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 7496–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53491.
Abstract:
Abstract: The following paper’s major objective is to explore the Mughal harem's dynamism and to examine the diverse accomplishments and achievements of the women who were there with the focus also kept on the common women as well wherever needed. The following paper tries to discuss the historical achievements and lows that have occurred in the life of women in Mughal history. Focusing on political to social history aspects, integrating women, and evaluating their influence during the Mughal era. The present research paper examines significantly Mughal women's history, gender, identity, and gender relations difficulties, as well as women's participation in sociocultural and religious activities, medically, etc. The paper makes the case that the history of Mughal India was greatly influenced by the deeds, operations, and contributions of various royal women. As a result, efforts should be made to study the political history of the Mughal era in relation to the private lives, deeds, and participation of women in various spheres during that time. It will be highlighting all the aspects like education, politics, religion, etc. from common women to the royal women at the time of the Mughals from Babur to Aurangzeb.
46
Maziar, Amir. "Art as an Image of The Shah." Manazir Journal 5 (October 9, 2023): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/manazir.2023.5.5.
Abstract:
In 1566, after Sultan Suleiman’s death, Shah Tahmasp (r. 1524-1576) sent condolences and congratulations to Sultan Selim II (r. 1566-1574) along with several gifts, including a magnificent Quran and an exquisite illustrated Shahnama copy, noteworthy in Iranian art history. However, the letter accompanying these gifts has often been overlooked, perceived as containing mere courtesies. This letter marked a significant exchange between Safavid kings and Ottoman sultans, with participation from secretaries across Iran. Its authors aimed to portray an idealized king and their notable characteristics, demonstrating that the actions of these rulers (Sultan Suleiman, Sultan Selim, and particularly Shah Tahmasp) aligned with this ideal. Art-related activities were among these characteristics. The authors detailed the Safavid king’s palace, garden, and the artistic gifts to highlight their connection with the king’s ideal image. This article explores the letter as a literary and artistic medium, delving into its intricate rhetoric as a tool for representing royal authority. Additionally, it addresses how the authors’ descriptions of artworks as integral to the king’s image conveyed political meaning, illustrating how art reflected royal power in public and political spheres.
47
Cowart, Georgia. "Carnival in Venice or Protest in Paris? Louis XIV and the Politics of Subversion at the Paris Opéra." Journal of the American Musicological Society 54, no. 2 (2001): 265–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2001.54.2.265.
Abstract:
Abstract After Louis XTVs banishment of the Comédie-Italienne in 1697, its costumes and masks became increasingly fashionable among a public disenchanted with absolutist politics. This article reveals the manner in which the plots, characters, and subversive satire of the Comédie-Italienne inform two ballets of André Campra, Le Carnaval de Venise (1699) and Les Fêêtes vénitiennes (1710). Following the satiric strategies used by the Comédie-Italienne, Campra and his librettists employ an exotic Venetian setting as a mask for the libertine entertainments of a French public sphere. Reversing the ideology of Louis XIVs courtly fêêtes, they deconstruct his official image in three ways: through a literary web of allusion, satire, and parody; through an Italianate musical style that serves to undermine the French language of absolutism; and through the thematic celebration of a new public audience as the subversive heir to the royal prerogative of pleasure.
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Lahire, Bernard. "La forme scolaire dans tous ses états." Swiss Journal of Educational Research 30, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 229–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24452/sjer.30.2.4790.
Abstract:
Cet article vise à souligner l’intérêt pour les sciences sociales à considérer l’institution scolaire, dans son histoire propre, comme le lieu où se nouent des formes de relations sociales déterminées et où se jouent des rapports singuliers au savoir et au pouvoir. Longtemps concentrés sur la question centrale du rapport des classes sociales à l’institution scolaire, les chercheurs ont souvent oublié d’interroger l’école en tant que telle, c’est-à-dire comme sphère relativement autonome d’activités où se déploient des pratiques spécifiques autour de savoirs spécifiques.Il s’agit de rappeler les différentes étapes de l’histoire de cette forme scolaire en France depuis les collèges d’Ancien Régime jusqu’aux écoles propres à un espace scolaire relativement unifié (au XXe siècle), en passant par les petites écoles de Port-Royal (1637-1660), les petites écoles rurales d’Ancien Régime, les petites écoles urbaines (de Charles Démia et Jean-Baptiste de la Salle) et les écoles mutuelles. À travers cette reconstruction historique, l’auteur s’efforce plus particulièrement de saisir la forme scolaire de socialisation dans ses rapports avec la constitution de savoirs écrits explicites et avec l’objectivation écrite des moyens nécessaires à leur apprentissage: codification des savoirs et de la relation sociale.
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Taylor, Sarah Pierce. "The King Never Dies: Royal Renunciation and the Fiction of Jain Sovereignty." Religions 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12110986.
Abstract:
To theorize Jain sovereignty, this essay takes up Ernst Kantorowicz’s underlying query of what happens when a king dies. In turning to medieval Jain authors such as Jinasena, we see how sovereignty and renunciation were mutually constituted such that the king’s renunciation completely subverts the problem of the king’s death. If the fiction of Jain kingship properly practiced culminates in renunciation, then such a movement yields up a new figure of the ascetic self-sovereign. Renunciation does not sever sovereignty but extends it into a higher spiritual domain. Worldly and spiritual sovereignty share a metaphorical language and set of techniques that render them as adjacent but hierarchical spheres of authority. In so doing, Jain authors provide a religious answer to a political problem and make the political inbuilt into the religious, thereby revealing their interpenetrating and bounded nature.
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Kiselev, Vitaly S. "Letters From Royal Persons to Vasily Zhukovsky and the Semantics of “Family Monarchy”." Imagologiya i komparativistika, no. 14 (2020): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/14/1.
Abstract:
The article reviews the letters from royal persons to Vasily Zhukovsky. Based on these letters, the character of the epistolary dialogue between the poet and representatives of the Romanov dynasty and of the German dynasties is reconstructed completely for the first time. Zhukovsky was not the only writer who was warmly welcomed at court, but his case was unique. The poet organically joined the context of the new emerging ideology of “family monarchy”, in which a small circle of the imperial family, professing family and domestic values, acted as a prototype of the all-imperial unity of subjects symbolically included in the sphere of paternal relations. Moreover, Zhukovsky was one of the co-creators and translators of this ideology. In addition, Zhukovsky, originally a reader under Empress Maria Feodorovna, entered the circle of royal persons as a poet and remained so until the end of his life. It was his tireless work that designated a new stage in the interaction of power and literature. The system of literary patronage, which determined the sociocultural functioning of the 18thcentury literature, gradually faded into the past and was replaced by a system of literature friendly communities, in which informal groups were the centers of the literary process. The poet transferred these forms of communication to the court, transforming Pavlovsk and the circle of Maria Feodorovna, and then the circle of Alexandra Feodorovna, into a kind of a literary community. “Family monarchy” under the aegis of Zhukovsky acquired a distinct literary and aesthetic dimension. Art here became a necessary part of everyday life, which, on the one hand, set the standard for the royal persons’ thinking and behavior, and, on the other, opened up channels for interaction with friendly communities outside the court. The conceptual framework of “family monarchy” legitimized private and home-centered topics of communication becoming a powerful filter that set etiquette forms that hindered the possibility of discussing many issues, be it business problems or politics. Based on the letters of Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich, the article shows how such etiquette communication worked, including how Alexander reacted to Zhukovsky’s political reflections. On the other hand, the letters of the King of Prussia, Frederick William IV, demonstrate strategies for bypassing etiquette communication and going to informal friendly reflection. The appendix to the article is a chronological index of all known letters of the royal persons to Zhukovsky.